83R24731 ATP-F
By: Miller of Comal, Workman H.B. No. 1595
Substitute the following for H.B. No. 1595:
By: King of Hemphill C.S.H.B. No. 1595
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
relating to litigation financing transactions; authorizing the
imposition of a fee.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Subtitle B, Title 4, Finance Code, is amended by
adding Chapter 354 to read as follows:
CHAPTER 354. LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENTS
SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 354.001. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:
(1) "Advertise" means to publish or disseminate a
written, electronic, or printed communication, or to publish,
disseminate, circulate, or place directly or indirectly before the
public a communication by means of a recorded telephone message or a
communication transmitted on radio, television, the Internet, or
similar communications media, including film strips, motion
pictures, and videos, for the purpose of inducing a person to enter
into a litigation financing agreement.
(2) "Charge" or "charges" means the amount paid to a
litigation financing company by or on behalf of the consumer, in
addition to the funded amount provided by or on behalf of the
company to a consumer. The term includes:
(A) an administrative fee, origination fee,
underwriting fee, and other fees, regardless of how the fee is
denominated; and
(B) any amounts denominated as interest.
(3) "Consumer" means an individual who has a pending
legal claim and who:
(A) resides in this state; or
(B) has the legal claim in this state.
(4) "Funded amount" means the amount provided to or on
behalf of the consumer under a litigation financing agreement. The
term does not include a charge.
(5) "Funding date" means the date on which the
litigation financing company:
(A) transfers the funded amount to the consumer
by personal delivery or by wire, ACH debit, or other electronic
means; or
(B) mails the funded amount to the consumer by
insured, certified, or registered United States mail.
(6) "Immediate family member" means:
(A) a parent, sibling, spouse, grandparent, or
grandchild of an individual; or
(B) a child related by blood, adoption, or
marriage to an individual.
(7) "Legal claim" includes:
(A) a civil action;
(B) an alternative dispute resolution
proceeding; or
(C) an administrative proceeding before an
agency of this state.
(8) "Litigation financing agreement" means an
agreement under which:
(A) money is provided to or on behalf of a
consumer by a litigation financing company for a purpose other than
prosecuting the consumer's legal claim; and
(B) the repayment of the money is in accordance
with a litigation financing transaction the terms of which are
included as part of the litigation financing agreement.
(9) "Litigation financing company" or "company" means
a person that enters into a litigation financing agreement with a
consumer.
(10) "Litigation financing transaction" means a
non-recourse transaction in which a litigation financing company
purchases, and a consumer assigns to the company, a contingent
right to receive an amount of the potential proceeds of a
settlement, judgment, award, or verdict obtained in the consumer's
legal claim.
(11) "Office" means the Office of Consumer Credit
Commissioner.
(12) "Resolution date" means the date on which the sum
of the amount funded to the consumer and the agreed-to charges is
delivered to the litigation financing company.
Sec. 354.002. NONAPPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER. Except as
specifically provided by this chapter, this chapter does not apply
to the following persons who enter into a litigation financing
agreement with a consumer:
(1) an immediate family member of the consumer;
(2) an accountant who provides accounting services to
the consumer; or
(3) an attorney who, at the time money is provided to
or on behalf of a consumer under a litigation financing agreement,
has an attorney-client relationship with the consumer concerning
the consumer's legal claim.
Sec. 354.003. AGREEMENT REQUIRED. A person may not enter
into a litigation financing transaction with a consumer except
under a litigation financing agreement that complies with this
chapter.
Sec. 354.004. DISCOVERY OF AGREEMENT. A party to the legal
dispute to which a litigation financing agreement relates is
entitled to obtain, under the rules applicable to discovery in the
forum where the legal claim is being resolved, contested, or
litigated, discovery of:
(1) the existence of the agreement between the
consumer and the litigation financing company;
(2) the name and principal place of business of the
litigation financing company; and
(3) the names of all employees of the litigation
financing company who reside or work in the county in which the
forum where the legal claim is being resolved, contested, or
litigated is located.
Sec. 354.005. DUTY OF ATTORNEY. An attorney representing a
consumer in a legal claim is not under a duty to assign any portion
of payments from a settlement, judgment, award, or verdict to the
litigation financing company unless the attorney has agreed to do
so in writing.
SUBCHAPTER B. AGREEMENT REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 354.051. FORM OF AGREEMENT; REQUIREMENT OF EXISTING
LEGAL CLAIM. (a) A litigation financing agreement must:
(1) be in writing;
(2) contain the initials of the consumer on each page;
and
(3) be otherwise complete when presented to the
consumer for signature.
(b) A litigation financing agreement may be entered into
only if the agreement relates to:
(1) an existing legal claim that has been made by or on
behalf of the consumer against another person, including the other
person's insurer or the consumer's own insurer; or
(2) an existing proceeding in which the consumer's
legal claim is intended to be resolved and with regard to which the
consumer is represented by an attorney.
Sec. 354.052. RIGHT OF RESCISSION. A litigation financing
agreement must provide a right of rescission under which the
consumer may cancel the agreement without penalty or further
obligation if, not later than the fifth business day after the
funding date, the consumer:
(1) returns to the litigation financing company the
full amount of the disbursed funds by personally delivering the
company's uncashed check to the company's office; or
(2) mails by insured, certified, or registered United
States mail to the address specified in the agreement a notice of
cancellation and the full amount of disbursed funds in the form of
the company's uncashed check or a registered or certified check or
money order.
Sec. 354.053. REQUIRED TERMS; DISCLOSURES. (a) A
litigation financing agreement must provide the terms required by
this section, which are material terms and must be disclosed as
provided by this section. The disclosures must be clear and
conspicuous and, unless otherwise provided by this section, must be
in at least 12-point bold type.
(b) On the front page of the agreement under appropriate
headings, the agreement must disclose:
(1) the funded amount to be paid to the consumer by the
litigation financing company;
(2) an itemization of one-time charges;
(3) the total amount to be assigned by the consumer to
the company, including the funded amount and all charges; and
(4) a payment schedule that:
(A) includes the funded amount and charges; and
(B) lists all dates and the amount due at the end
of each 180-day period from the funding date until the due date of
the maximum amount due to the company by the consumer to satisfy the
amount owed under the agreement.
(c) The agreement must contain the following statement
within a box: "CONSUMER'S RIGHT TO CANCELLATION: You may cancel
this agreement without penalty or further obligation within five
business days after the funding date if you either:
"i. return to the litigation financing company the full
amount of the disbursed funds by delivering the company's uncashed
check to the company's office in person; or
"ii. mail, by insured, certified, or registered United
States mail, to the company at the address specified in the
agreement, a notice of cancellation and include in the mailing a
return of the full amount of disbursed funds in the form of the
company's uncashed check or a registered or certified check or
money order."
(d) The agreement must disclose that:
(1) the litigation financing company may not
participate in deciding whether, when, or the amount for which a
legal claim is settled;
(2) the company may not interfere with the independent
professional judgment of the attorney handling the legal claim or
any settlement of the legal claim; and
(3) the consumer must notify the company of the
settlement or adjudication of the legal claim before the resolution
date.
(e) The agreement must contain in all capital letters the
following statement within a box: "THE FUNDED AMOUNT AND AGREED-TO
CHARGES SHALL BE PAID ONLY FROM THE PROCEEDS OF YOUR LEGAL CLAIM,
AND SHALL BE PAID ONLY TO THE EXTENT THAT THERE ARE AVAILABLE
PROCEEDS FROM YOUR LEGAL CLAIM. YOU WILL NOT OWE (INSERT NAME OF
THE LITIGATION FINANCING COMPANY) ANYTHING IF THERE ARE NO PROCEEDS
FROM YOUR LEGAL CLAIM, UNLESS YOU HAVE VIOLATED ANY MATERIAL TERM OF
THIS AGREEMENT OR YOU HAVE COMMITTED FRAUD AGAINST THE LITIGATION
FINANCING COMPANY."
(f) Immediately above the line for the consumer's
signature, the agreement must contain the following disclosure in
12-point type: "Do not sign this agreement before you read it
completely or if it contains any blank spaces. You are entitled to a
completed copy of the agreement. Before you sign this agreement,
you should obtain the advice of an attorney. Depending on the
circumstances, you may want to consult a tax, public or private
benefits planning, or financial professional."
Sec. 354.054. AGREEMENT AMOUNT. A litigation financing
company shall require the amount due under the agreement to be paid
to the company in a predetermined amount based on periodic
intervals from the funding date through the resolution date, and
not an amount determined as a percentage of the recovery from the
legal claim.
SUBCHAPTER C. LICENSING
Sec. 354.101. LICENSE REQUIRED; APPLICATION. (a) A
litigation financing company must obtain a license from the office
before engaging in an activity in this state that must be performed
under a litigation financing agreement that complies with this
chapter.
(b) A litigation financing company must file a license
application in the form and manner prescribed by the commissioner.
The application must:
(1) contain all information the office requires to
evaluate the character and fitness of the applicant, and if the
applicant is an entity, the character and fitness of each officer
and director of the applicant company; and
(2) be accompanied by a reasonable fee in an amount
determined by the commissioner.
Sec. 354.102. BOND; LETTER OF CREDIT. (a) The commissioner
may require an applicant to file with the application or a license
holder to file a bond in an amount not to exceed $50,000.
(b) The bond terms must run concurrent with the licensing
period. The bond must provide that the license holder will, during
the licensing period:
(1) faithfully conform to and abide by:
(A) the requirements of this chapter; and
(B) the rules adopted by the finance commission
to administer this chapter; and
(2) provide any amount that may become due or owing to
the state from the license holder under this chapter.
(c) In lieu of the bond, the applicant or license holder, at
the applicant's or license holder's option, may post an irrevocable
letter of credit.
Sec. 354.103. ISSUANCE OF LICENSE. The commissioner may
not issue a license under this chapter unless the commissioner,
following an investigation, determines that the character and
fitness of the applicant or of the applicant company's officers and
directors warrant belief that the business will be operated
honestly and fairly in accordance with this chapter.
Sec. 354.104. HEARING. (a) On written request, the
commissioner shall set a hearing before the State Office of
Administrative Hearings to determine an applicant's qualifications
for licensure if:
(1) the commissioner has notified the applicant in
writing of the denial of the application; or
(2) the commissioner has not issued a license before
the 61st day after the date the applicant filed the application.
(b) An applicant may not request a hearing under this
section after the 16th day after the date the commissioner sends
written notice to the applicant that the application has been
denied and stating the reasons for the denial.
Sec. 354.105. RENEWAL OF LICENSE. A litigation financing
company must renew its license on September 1 every two years by
paying a renewal fee as determined by the commissioner.
SUBCHAPTER D. PROHIBITIONS
Sec. 354.151. PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES OR CONDUCT. A
litigation financing company may not:
(1) pay or offer to pay a commission, referral fee, or
other form of consideration to an attorney, law firm, medical
provider, chiropractor, or physical therapist or an employee of a
person described by this subdivision for referring a consumer to
the company;
(2) accept any commission, referral fee, rebate, or
other form of consideration from an attorney, law firm, medical
provider, chiropractor, or physical therapist or an employee of a
person described by this subdivision;
(3) intentionally advertise materially false or
misleading information about the company's products or services;
(4) refer, to further an initial legal funding, a
customer or potential customer to a specific attorney, law firm,
medical provider, chiropractor, or physical therapist or an
employee of a person described by this subdivision, except that the
company may refer a customer or potential customer who needs legal
representation to a local or state bar association referral
service;
(5) fail to promptly supply a copy of the executed
agreement to the consumer's attorney;
(6) knowingly provide funding to a consumer who has
previously assigned or sold a portion of the consumer's right to
proceeds from the consumer's legal claim without first paying to or
purchasing from a previously unsatisfied litigation financing
company that company's entire funded amount and charges due under
that company's applicable agreement, unless:
(A) a lesser amount is otherwise agreed to in
writing by the litigation financing companies; or
(B) multiple companies have agreed to
concurrently provide funding to a consumer, if the consumer
consents to the arrangement in writing;
(7) make a decision relating to the conduct,
settlement, or resolution of the underlying legal claim, the power
of which must remain solely with the consumer and the attorney
handling the legal claim; or
(8) knowingly pay or offer to pay, using funds from the
litigation financing transaction, court costs, filing fees, or
attorneys' fees during or after the resolution of the legal claim.
SUBCHAPTER E. ENFORCEMENT
Sec. 354.201. VIOLATION OF CHAPTER. (a) If a court finds
that a litigation financing company has intentionally violated this
chapter with respect to a litigation financing transaction, the
company is entitled to recover the funded amount provided to the
consumer and may not receive any additional charges.
(b) In addition to any other applicable investigative and
enforcement provisions, Subchapters E, F, and G, Chapter 14, apply
to a violation of this chapter, including the power of the
commissioner to assess an administrative penalty under Chapter 14
against a person who knowingly and wilfully violates or causes a
violation of this chapter or a rule adopted under this chapter.
SECTION 2. As soon as practicable after the effective date
of this Act, but not later than January 1, 2014, the Finance
Commission of Texas shall adopt the rules and procedures necessary
to implement Chapter 354, Finance Code, as added by this Act.
SECTION 3. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to
a litigation financing agreement entered into on or after the
effective date of this Act. A litigation financing agreement
entered into before the effective date of this Act is governed by
the law in effect on the date the agreement was entered into, and
the former law is continued in effect for that purpose.
SECTION 4. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this
section, this Act takes effect September 1, 2013.
(b) Subchapter C, Chapter 354, Finance Code, as added by
this Act, takes effect January 1, 2014.