S.B. No. 5
AN ACT
relating to the prevention of fraud in the conduct of an election;
creating a criminal offense; increasing criminal penalties.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Section 64.012(a), Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
(a) A person commits an offense if the person:
(1) votes or attempts to vote in an election in which
the person knows the person is not eligible to vote;
(2) knowingly votes or attempts to vote more than once
in an election;
(3) knowingly [impersonates another person and] votes
or attempts to vote a ballot belonging to another person, or by
impersonating another [as the impersonated] person; or
(4) knowingly marks or attempts to mark any portion of
another person's ballot without the consent of that person, or
without specific direction from that person how to mark the ballot.
SECTION 2. Section 66.058(a), Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
(a) Except as otherwise provided by this code, the precinct
election records shall be preserved by the authority to whom they
are distributed[:
[(1) in an election involving a federal office,] for
at least 22 months after election day [in accordance with federal
law; or
[(2) in an election not involving a federal office,
for at least six months after election day].
SECTION 3. Section 84.001(b), Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
(b) An application must be in writing and signed by the
applicant. An electronic signature is not permitted.
SECTION 4. Section 84.0041, Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 84.0041. FRAUDULENT USE OF [PROVIDING FALSE
INFORMATION ON] APPLICATION FOR BALLOT BY MAIL. (a) A person
commits an offense if the person:
(1) knowingly provides false information on an
application for [an early voting] ballot by mail;
(2) intentionally causes false information to be
provided on an application for ballot by mail;
(3) knowingly submits an application for ballot by
mail without the knowledge and authorization of the voter; or
(4) knowingly and without the voter's authorization
alters information provided by the voter on an application for
ballot by mail.
(b) An offense under this section is a state jail felony
[unless the person is the applicant, is related to the applicant
within the second degree by affinity or the third degree by
consanguinity, as determined under Subchapter B, Chapter 573,
Government Code, or is registered to vote at the same address as the
applicant, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor].
(c) An offense under Subsection (a)(4) does not apply to an
early voting clerk or deputy early voting clerk who receives and
marks an application for administrative purposes only.
(d) An offense under this section is increased to the next
higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of an offense
under this section that:
(1) the defendant was previously convicted of an
offense under this code;
(2) the offense involved a voter 65 years of age or
older; or
(3) the defendant committed another offense under this
section in the same election.
SECTION 5. Section 84.007, Election Code, is amended by
amending Subsection (b) and adding Subsection (b-1) to read as
follows:
(b) An application must be submitted to the early voting
clerk by:
(1) mail;
(2) common or contract carrier;
(3) subject to Subsection (b-1), telephonic facsimile
machine, if a machine is available in the clerk's office; or
(4) subject to Subsection (b-1), electronic
transmission of a scanned application containing an original
signature.
(b-1) For an application for ballot by mail submitted by
telephonic facsimile machine or electronic transmission to be
effective, the application also must be submitted by mail and be
received by the early voting clerk not later than the fourth
business day after the transmission by telephonic facsimile machine
or electronic transmission is received.
SECTION 6. Section 84.032(c), Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
(c) An applicant may submit a request after the close of
early voting by personal appearance by appearing in person and:
(1) returning the ballot to be voted by mail to the
early voting clerk; or
(2) executing an affidavit that the applicant:
(A) has not received the ballot to be voted by
mail; or
(B) never requested a ballot to be voted by mail.
SECTION 7. Section 84.037, Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 84.037. PRESERVATION OF DOCUMENTS. (a) The early
voting clerk shall preserve each cancellation request for the
period for preserving the precinct election records. If the
application is canceled, the clerk shall attach it and the
corresponding ballot materials, if available, to the cancellation
request and preserve it with the request.
(b) The early voting clerk as defined by Subchapter A,
Chapter 83, shall, not later than the 30th day after election day,
deliver notice to the attorney general of cancellation requests
received, including certified copies of cancellation requests,
applications, and carrier envelopes, if available.
(c) The attorney general shall prescribe the form and manner
of submission under Subsection (b). The secretary of state shall
adopt rules as necessary to implement the requirements prescribed
under this subsection.
SECTION 8. Sections 86.003(a) and (b), Election Code, as
effective September 1, 2017, are amended to read as follows:
(a) The balloting materials for voting by mail shall be
provided to the voter by mail[, unless the ballot is delivered to a
voter for early voting under Chapter 107]. A ballot provided by any
other method may not be counted.
(b) Subject to Subsection (c), the balloting materials
shall be addressed to the applicable address specified in the
voter's application. The election officer providing the ballot may
not knowingly mail [deliver] the materials to an address other than
that prescribed by this section.
SECTION 9. Section 86.004(a), Election Code, as effective
September 1, 2017, is amended to read as follows:
(a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) [or (c)], the
balloting materials for voting by mail shall be mailed to a voter
entitled to vote by mail not later than the seventh calendar day
after the later of the date the clerk accepts the voter's
application for a ballot to be voted by mail or the date the ballots
become available for mailing, except that if that mailing date is
earlier than the 45th day before election day, the balloting
materials shall be mailed not later than the 30th [38th] day before
election day.
SECTION 10. The heading to Section 86.0051, Election Code,
is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 86.0051. UNLAWFUL CARRIER ENVELOPE ACTION BY PERSON
OTHER THAN VOTER[; OFFENSES].
SECTION 11. Section 86.0051, Election Code, is amended by
amending Subsections (b), (d), and (e) and adding Subsection (f) to
read as follows:
(b) A person other than the voter who assists a voter by
depositing [deposits] the carrier envelope in the mail or with a
common or contract carrier or who obtains the carrier envelope for
that purpose must provide the person's signature, printed name, and
residence address on the reverse side of the envelope.
(d) An offense under this section is a Class A [B]
misdemeanor, unless it is shown on the trial of an offense under
this section that the person committed [is convicted of] an offense
under Section 64.036 for providing unlawful assistance to the same
voter in connection with the same ballot, in which event the offense
is a state jail felony.
(e) This section does [Subsections (a) and (c) do] not
apply if the person is related to the voter [applicant] within the
second degree by affinity or the third degree by consanguinity, as
determined under Subchapter B, Chapter 573, Government Code, or was
physically living in [is registered to vote at] the same dwelling
[address] as the voter at the time of the event [applicant].
(f) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this
section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor
may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.
SECTION 12. Sections 86.006(f), (g), and (g-1), Election
Code, are amended to read as follows:
(f) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly
possesses an official ballot or official carrier envelope provided
under this code to another. Unless the person possessed the ballot
or carrier envelope with intent to defraud the voter or the election
authority, this subsection does not apply to a person who, on the
date of the offense, was:
(1) related to the voter within the second degree by
affinity or the third degree by consanguinity, as determined under
Subchapter B, Chapter 573, Government Code;
(2) physically living in [registered to vote at] the
same dwelling [address] as the voter;
(3) an early voting clerk or a deputy early voting
clerk;
(4) a person who possesses a ballot or [the] carrier
envelope solely for the purpose of lawfully assisting a voter who
was eligible for assistance under Section 86.010 and complied fully
with:
(A) Section 86.010; and
(B) Section 86.0051, if assistance was provided
in order to deposit the envelope in the mail or with a common or
contract carrier [and who provides the information required by
Section 86.0051(b) in accordance with that section];
(5) an employee of the United States Postal Service
working in the normal course of the employee's authorized duties;
or
(6) a common or contract carrier working in the normal
course of the carrier's authorized duties if the official ballot is
sealed in an official carrier envelope that is accompanied by an
individual delivery receipt for that particular carrier envelope.
(g) An offense under Subsection (f) is a Class A misdemeanor
unless the defendant possessed the ballot or carrier envelope
without the request of the voter, in which case it is a felony of the
third degree. If conduct that constitutes an offense under this
section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor
may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both[:
[(1) a Class B misdemeanor if the person possesses at
least one but fewer than 10 ballots or carrier envelopes unless the
person possesses the ballots or carrier envelopes without the
consent of the voters, in which event the offense is a state jail
felony;
[(2) a Class A misdemeanor if the person possesses at
least 10 but fewer than 20 ballots or carrier envelopes unless the
person possesses the ballots or carrier envelopes without the
consent of the voters, in which event the offense is a felony of the
third degree; or
[(3) a state jail felony if the person possesses 20 or
more ballots or carrier envelopes unless the person possesses the
ballots or carrier envelopes without the consent of the voters, in
which event the offense is a felony of the second degree].
(g-1) An offense under Subsection (g) is increased to the
next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of an
offense under this section that:
(1) the defendant was previously convicted of an
offense under this code;
(2) the offense involved an individual 65 years of age
or older; or
(3) the defendant committed another offense under this
section in the same election [When ballots or carrier envelopes are
obtained in violation of this section pursuant to one scheme or
continuing course of conduct, whether from the same or several
sources, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the number
of ballots or carrier envelopes aggregated in determining the grade
of the offense].
SECTION 13. Section 86.010, Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 86.010. UNLAWFULLY ASSISTING VOTER VOTING BALLOT BY
MAIL. (a) A voter casting a ballot by mail who would be eligible
under Section 64.031 to receive assistance at a polling place may
select a person as provided by Section 64.032(c) to assist the voter
in preparing the ballot.
(b) Assistance rendered under this section is limited to
that authorized by this code at a polling place, except that a voter
with a disability who is physically unable to deposit the ballot and
carrier envelope in the mail may also select a person as provided by
Section 64.032(c) to assist the voter by depositing a sealed
carrier envelope in the mail.
(c) The person assisting the voter must sign a written oath
prescribed by Section 64.034 that is part of the certificate on the
official carrier envelope.
(d) If a voter is assisted in violation of this section
[Subsection (a) or (b)], the voter's ballot may not be counted.
(e) A person who assists a voter to prepare a ballot to be
voted by mail shall enter the person's signature, printed name, and
residence address on the official carrier envelope of the voter.
(f) A person who assists a voter commits an offense if the
person knowingly fails to comply with Subsections (c) and [provide
the information on the official carrier envelope as required by
Subsection] (e).
(g) An offense under this section is a [Class A misdemeanor
unless the person is convicted of an offense under Section 64.036
for providing unlawful assistance to the same voter, in which event
the offense is a] state jail felony.
(h) Subsection (f) does not apply if the person is related
to the voter [applicant] within the second degree by affinity or the
third degree by consanguinity, as determined under Subchapter B,
Chapter 573, Government Code, or was physically living in [is
registered to vote at] the same dwelling [address] as the voter at
the time of the event [applicant].
(i) An offense under this section is increased to the next
higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of an offense
under this section that:
(1) the defendant was previously convicted of an
offense under this code;
(2) the offense involved a voter 65 years of age or
older; or
(3) the defendant committed another offense under this
section in the same election.
(j) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this
section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor
may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.
SECTION 14. Section 87.027(i), Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
(i) The signature verification committee shall compare the
signature on each carrier envelope certificate, except those signed
for a voter by a witness, with the signature on the voter's ballot
application to determine whether the signatures are those of the
voter [same person]. The committee may also compare the signatures
with any two or more signatures of the voter made within the
preceding six years and on file with the county clerk or voter
registrar [the signature on the voter's registration application to
confirm that the signatures are those of the same person but may not
use the registration application signature] to determine whether
[that] the signatures are [not] those of the voter [same person].
Except as provided by Subsection (l), a determination under this
subsection that the signatures are not those of the voter [same
person] must be made by a majority vote of the committee's
membership. The committee shall place the jacket envelopes,
carrier envelopes, and applications of voters whose signatures are
not those of the voter [same person] in separate containers from
those of voters whose signatures are those of the voter [same
person]. The committee chair shall deliver the sorted materials to
the early voting ballot board at the time specified by the board's
presiding judge.
SECTION 15. Section 87.041, Election Code, is amended by
amending Subsection (e) and adding Subsection (g) to read as
follows:
(e) In making the determination under Subsection (b)(2),
the board may also compare the signatures with any two or more
signatures of the voter made within the preceding six years and on
file with the county clerk or voter registrar to determine whether
[confirm that] the signatures are those of the voter [same person
but may not use the signatures to determine that the signatures are
not those of the same person].
(g) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally
accepts a ballot for voting or causes a ballot to be accepted for
voting that the person knows does not meet the requirements of
Subsection (b). An offense under this subsection is a Class A
misdemeanor.
SECTION 16. Section 87.0431, Election Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 87.0431. NOTICE OF REJECTED BALLOT. (a) Not later
than the 10th day after election day, the presiding judge of the
early voting ballot board shall deliver written notice of the
reason for the rejection of a ballot to the voter at the residence
address on the ballot application. If the ballot was transmitted to
the voter by e-mail under Subchapter C, Chapter 101, the presiding
judge shall also provide the notice to the e-mail address to which
the ballot was sent.
(b) The early voting clerk shall, not later than the 30th
day after election day, deliver notice to the attorney general,
including certified copies of the carrier envelope and
corresponding ballot application, of any ballot rejected because:
(1) the voter was deceased;
(2) the voter already voted in person in the same
election;
(3) the signatures on the carrier envelope and ballot
application were not executed by the same person;
(4) the carrier envelope certificate lacked a witness
signature; or
(5) the carrier envelope certificate was improperly
executed by an assistant.
(c) The attorney general shall prescribe the form and manner
of submission under Subsection (b). The secretary of state shall
adopt rules as necessary to implement the requirements prescribed
under this subsection.
SECTION 17. Chapter 276, Election Code, is amended by
adding Section 276.013 to read as follows:
Sec. 276.013. ELECTION FRAUD. (a) A person commits an
offense if the person knowingly or intentionally makes any effort
to:
(1) influence the independent exercise of the vote of
another in the presence of the ballot or during the voting process;
(2) cause a voter to become registered, a ballot to be
obtained, or a vote to be cast under false pretenses; or
(3) cause any intentionally misleading statement,
representation, or information to be provided:
(A) to an election official; or
(B) on an application for ballot by mail, carrier
envelope, or any other official election-related form or document.
(b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
(c) An offense under this section is increased to the next
higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of an offense
under this section that:
(1) the defendant was previously convicted of an
offense under this code;
(2) the offense involved a voter 65 years of age or
older, and the actor was not:
(A) related to the voter within the second degree
by affinity or the third degree by consanguinity, as determined
under Subchapter B, Chapter 573, Government Code; or
(B) physically living in the same dwelling as the
voter at the time of the event; or
(3) the defendant committed another offense under this
section in the same election.
(d) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this
section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor
may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.
SECTION 18. The following provisions of law, as effective
September 1, 2017, are repealed:
(1) Section 86.003(e), Election Code;
(2) Section 86.004(c), Election Code;
(3) Chapter 107, Election Code;
(4) Section 242.0181, Health and Safety Code; and
(5) Section 247.008, Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 19. The changes in law made by this Act apply only
to an offense committed on or after the effective date of this Act.
An offense committed before the effective date of this Act is
governed by the law in effect on the date the offense was committed,
and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose. For
purposes of this section, an offense was committed before the
effective date of this Act if any element of the offense occurred
before that date.
SECTION 20. This Act takes effect December 1, 2017.
______________________________ ______________________________
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 5 passed the Senate on
July 26, 2017, by the following vote: Yeas 21, Nays 10; and that
the Senate concurred in House amendments on August 11, 2017, by the
following vote: Yeas 21, Nays 10.
______________________________
Secretary of the Senate
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 5 passed the House, with
amendments, on August 10, 2017, by the following vote: Yeas 92,
Nays 39, one present not voting.
______________________________
Chief Clerk of the House
Approved:
______________________________
Date
______________________________
Governor