S.B. No. 1900
AN ACT
relating to foreign terrorist organizations, including the
compilation of information regarding, certain civil actions
brought against, and the prosecution of certain organized crime
offenses involving a foreign terrorist organization and of
sedition.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. The heading to Subchapter D, Chapter 125, Civil
Practice and Remedies Code, is amended to read as follows:
SUBCHAPTER D. MEMBERSHIP IN CRIMINAL STREET GANG OR FOREIGN
TERRORIST ORGANIZATION
SECTION 2. Sections 125.061(1) and (3), Civil Practice and
Remedies Code, are amended to read as follows:
(1) "Combination," [and] "criminal street gang," and
"foreign terrorist organization" have the meanings assigned by
Section 71.01, Penal Code.
(3) "Gang activity" means the following types of
conduct:
(A) organized criminal activity as described by
Section 71.02, Penal Code;
(B) terroristic threat as described by Section
22.07, Penal Code;
(C) coercing, inducing, or soliciting[, or
inducing gang] membership in a criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization as described by Section 71.022(a) or (a-1),
Penal Code;
(D) criminal trespass as described by Section
30.05, Penal Code;
(E) disorderly conduct as described by Section
42.01, Penal Code;
(F) criminal mischief as described by Section
28.03, Penal Code, that causes a pecuniary loss of $500 or more;
(G) a graffiti offense in violation of Section
28.08, Penal Code;
(H) a weapons offense in violation of Chapter 46,
Penal Code; or
(I) unlawful possession of a substance or other
item in violation of Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 3. Section 125.062, Civil Practice and Remedies
Code, is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 125.062. PUBLIC NUISANCE; COMBINATION. A
combination, [or] criminal street gang, or foreign terrorist
organization that continuously or regularly associates in gang
activities is a public nuisance.
SECTION 4. Section 125.063, Civil Practice and Remedies
Code, is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 125.063. PUBLIC NUISANCE; USE OF PLACE. The habitual
use of a place by a combination, [or] criminal street gang, or
foreign terrorist organization for engaging in gang activity is a
public nuisance.
SECTION 5. Section 125.064(b), Civil Practice and Remedies
Code, is amended to read as follows:
(b) Any person who habitually associates with others to
engage in gang activity as a member of a combination, [or] criminal
street gang, or foreign terrorist organization may be made a
defendant in the suit. Any person who owns or is responsible for
maintaining a place that is habitually used for engaging in gang
activity may be made a defendant in the suit.
SECTION 6. Section 125.065(a), Civil Practice and Remedies
Code, is amended to read as follows:
(a) If the court finds that a combination, [or] criminal
street gang, or foreign terrorist organization constitutes a public
nuisance, the court may enter an order:
(1) enjoining a defendant in the suit from engaging in
the gang activities of the combination, [or] criminal street gang,
or foreign terrorist organization; and
(2) imposing other reasonable requirements to prevent
the combination, [or] criminal street gang, or foreign terrorist
organization from engaging in future gang activities.
SECTION 7. Section 125.069, Civil Practice and Remedies
Code, is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 125.069. USE OF PLACE; EVIDENCE. In an action brought
under this subchapter, proof that gang activity by a member of a
combination, [or] a criminal street gang, or a foreign terrorist
organization is frequently committed at a place or proof that a
place is frequently used for engaging in gang activity by a member
of a combination, [or] a criminal street gang, or a foreign
terrorist organization is prima facie evidence that the proprietor
knowingly permitted the act, unless the act constitutes conspiring
to commit gang activity.
SECTION 8. Sections 125.070(b), (c), and (e), Civil
Practice and Remedies Code, are amended to read as follows:
(b) A criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization or a member of a criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization is liable to the state or a governmental
entity injured by the violation of a temporary or permanent
injunctive order under this subchapter.
(c) In an action brought against a member of a criminal
street gang or a member of a foreign terrorist organization, the
plaintiff must show that the member violated the temporary or
permanent injunctive order.
(e) The property of the criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization or a member of the criminal street gang or
foreign terrorist organization may be seized in execution on a
judgment under this section. Property may not be seized under this
subsection if the owner or interest holder of the property proves by
a preponderance of the evidence that the owner or interest holder
was not a member of the criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization and did not violate the temporary or permanent
injunctive order. The owner or interest holder of property that is
in the possession of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization or a member of the criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization and that is subject to execution under this
subsection must show that the property:
(1) was stolen from the owner or interest holder; or
(2) was used or intended to be used without the
effective consent of the owner or interest holder by the criminal
street gang or foreign terrorist organization or a member of the
criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization.
SECTION 9. Article 67.001, Code of Criminal Procedure, is
amended by adding Subdivision (8-a) and amending Subdivision (9) to
read as follows:
(8-a) "Foreign terrorist organization" has the meaning
assigned by Section 71.01, Penal Code.
(9) "Intelligence database" means a collection or
compilation of data organized for search and retrieval to evaluate,
analyze, disseminate, or use intelligence information relating to a
combination, [or] criminal street gang, or foreign terrorist
organization for the purpose of investigating or prosecuting a
criminal offense.
SECTION 10. Articles 67.051(a) and (b), Code of Criminal
Procedure, are amended to read as follows:
(a) Subject to Subsection (b), a criminal justice agency or
juvenile justice agency shall compile criminal information into an
intelligence database for the purpose of investigating or
prosecuting the criminal activities of combinations, [or] criminal
street gangs, or foreign terrorist organizations.
(b) A law enforcement agency in a municipality with a
population of 50,000 or more or in a county with a population of
100,000 or more shall compile and maintain in a local or regional
intelligence database criminal information relating to a criminal
street gang or a foreign terrorist organization as provided by
Subsection (a). The agency must compile and maintain the
information in accordance with the criminal intelligence systems
operating policies established under 28 C.F.R. Section 23.1 et seq.
and the submission criteria established under Article 67.054(b).
SECTION 11. Article 67.054(b), Code of Criminal Procedure,
is amended to read as follows:
(b) Criminal information collected under this chapter
relating to a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization must:
(1) be relevant to the identification of an
organization that is reasonably suspected of involvement in
criminal activity; and
(2) consist of:
(A) a judgment under any law that includes, as a
finding or as an element of a criminal offense, participation in a
criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization;
(B) a self-admission by an individual of
membership in a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization [membership] that is made during a judicial
proceeding; or
(C) except as provided by Subsection (c), any two
of the following:
(i) a self-admission by the individual of
membership in a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization [membership] that is not made during a judicial
proceeding, including the use of the Internet or other electronic
format or medium to post photographs or other documentation
identifying the individual as a member of a criminal street gang or
foreign terrorist organization;
(ii) an identification of the individual as
a member of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization [member] by a reliable informant or other individual;
(iii) a corroborated identification of the
individual as a member of a criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization [member] by an informant or other individual
of unknown reliability;
(iv) evidence that the individual frequents
a documented area of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization and associates with known members of a criminal street
gang or foreign terrorist organization [members];
(v) evidence that the individual uses, in
more than an incidental manner, criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization dress, hand signals, tattoos, or symbols,
including expressions of letters, numbers, words, or marks,
regardless of how or the means by which the symbols are displayed,
that are associated with a criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization that operates in an area frequented by the
individual and described by Subparagraph (iv);
(vi) evidence that the individual has been
arrested or taken into custody with known members of a criminal
street gang or foreign terrorist organization [members] for an
offense or conduct consistent with [criminal street] gang activity
as defined by Section 125.061, Civil Practice and Remedies Code;
(vii) evidence that the individual has
visited a known member of a criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization [member], other than a family member of the
individual, while the [gang] member is confined in or committed to a
penal institution; or
(viii) evidence of the individual's use of
technology, including the Internet, to recruit new members of a
criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization [members].
SECTION 12. Articles 67.102(a) and (d), Code of Criminal
Procedure, are amended to read as follows:
(a) Notwithstanding Chapter 58, Family Code, criminal
information relating to a child associated with a combination, [or]
criminal street gang, or foreign terrorist organization may be
compiled and released under this chapter regardless of the age of
the child.
(d) The governing body of a county or municipality served by
a law enforcement agency described by Article 67.051(b) may adopt a
policy to notify the parent or guardian of a child of the agency's
observations relating to the child's association with a criminal
street gang or foreign terrorist organization.
SECTION 13. Article 67.251, Code of Criminal Procedure, is
amended to read as follows:
Art. 67.251. ESTABLISHMENT OF GANG RESOURCE SYSTEM. The
office of the attorney general shall establish an electronic gang
resource system to provide criminal justice agencies and juvenile
justice agencies with information about criminal street gangs and
foreign terrorist organizations in this state.
SECTION 14. Articles 67.252(a) and (b), Code of Criminal
Procedure, are amended to read as follows:
(a) The gang resource system established under Article
67.251 may include the following information with regard to any
gang or foreign terrorist organization:
(1) gang or organization name;
(2) gang or organization identifiers, such as colors
used, tattoos, and clothing preferences;
(3) criminal activities;
(4) migration trends;
(5) recruitment activities; and
(6) a local law enforcement contact.
(b) Information in the gang resource system shall be
accessible according to:
(1) municipality or county; and
(2) gang or organization name.
SECTION 15. Article 67.254(a), Code of Criminal Procedure,
is amended to read as follows:
(a) On request by the office of the attorney general, a
criminal justice agency or juvenile justice agency shall make a
reasonable attempt to provide gang and foreign terrorist
organization information to the office of the attorney general for
the purpose of maintaining an updated, comprehensive gang resource
system.
SECTION 16. Article 67.255, Code of Criminal Procedure, is
amended to read as follows:
Art. 67.255. USE OF INFORMATION. Information in the gang
resource system may be used in investigating [gang-related] crimes
relating to a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization. Information from the system may be included in an
affidavit or subpoena or used in connection with any other legal or
judicial proceeding only if the information is corroborated by
information not provided by or maintained in the system.
SECTION 17. Section 557.001, Government Code, is amended by
amending Subsection (a) and adding Subsection (b-1) to read as
follows:
(a) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:
(1) commits, attempts to commit, or conspires with one
or more persons to commit an act intended to overthrow,
destabilize, destroy, or alter the constitutional form of
government of this state or of any political subdivision of this
state by force, [or] violence, or a threat of force or violence;
(2) under circumstances that constitute a clear and
present danger to the security of this state or a political
subdivision of this state, advocates, advises, or teaches or
conspires with one or more persons to advocate, advise, or teach a
person to commit or attempt to commit an act described in
Subdivision (1); or
(3) participates, with knowledge of the nature of the
organization, in the management of an organization that engages in
or attempts to engage in an act intended to overthrow, destabilize,
destroy, or alter the constitutional form of government of this
state or of any political subdivision of this state by force or
violence.
(b-1) Notwithstanding Section 15.02(d), Penal Code, a
conspiracy to commit an offense under this section is punishable in
the same manner as an offense under this section.
SECTION 18. Section 71.01, Penal Code, is amended by adding
Subsection (e) to read as follows:
(e) "Foreign terrorist organization" means three or more
persons operating as an organization at least partially outside the
United States who engage in criminal activity and threaten the
security of this state or its residents, including but not limited
to a drug cartel.
SECTION 19. Section 71.02, Penal Code, is amended to read as
follows:
Sec. 71.02. ENGAGING IN ORGANIZED CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
(a) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to establish,
maintain, or participate in a combination or in the profits of a
combination or as a member of a criminal street gang or foreign
terrorist organization, the person commits or conspires to commit
one or more of the following:
(1) murder, capital murder, arson, aggravated
robbery, robbery, burglary, theft, aggravated kidnapping,
kidnapping, aggravated assault, aggravated sexual assault, sexual
assault, continuous sexual abuse of young child or disabled
individual, solicitation of a minor, forgery, deadly conduct,
assault punishable as a Class A misdemeanor, burglary of a motor
vehicle, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle;
(2) any gambling offense punishable as a Class A
misdemeanor;
(3) promotion of prostitution, aggravated promotion
of prostitution, or compelling prostitution;
(4) unlawful manufacture, transportation, repair, or
sale of firearms or prohibited weapons;
(5) unlawful manufacture, delivery, dispensation, or
distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug, or
unlawful possession of a controlled substance or dangerous drug:
(A) through forgery, fraud, misrepresentation,
or deception; or
(B) with the intent to deliver the controlled
substance or dangerous drug;
(5-a) causing the unlawful delivery, dispensation, or
distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug in
violation of Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code;
(6) any unlawful wholesale promotion or possession of
any obscene material or obscene device with the intent to wholesale
promote the same;
(7) any offense under Subchapter B, Chapter 43,
depicting or involving conduct by or directed toward a child
younger than 18 years of age;
(8) any felony offense under Chapter 32;
(9) any offense under Chapter 36;
(10) any offense under Chapter 34, 35, or 35A;
(11) any offense under Section 37.11(a);
(12) any offense under Chapter 20A;
(13) any offense under Section 37.10;
(14) any offense under Section 38.06, 38.07, 38.09, or
38.11;
(15) any offense under Section 42.10;
(16) any offense under Section 46.06(a)(1) or 46.14;
(17) any offense under Section 20.05, [or] 20.06, or
20.07;
(18) any offense under Section 16.02; or
(19) any offense classified as a felony under the Tax
Code.
(b) Except as provided in Subsections (c), [and] (d), and
(e), an offense under this section is one category higher than the
most serious offense listed in Subsection (a) that was committed,
and if the most serious offense is a Class A misdemeanor, the
offense is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony
of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas
Department of Criminal Justice for:
(1) life without parole, if the most serious offense
is an aggravated sexual assault and if at the time of that offense
the defendant is 18 years of age or older and:
(A) the victim of the offense is younger than six
years of age;
(B) the victim of the offense is younger than 14
years of age and the actor commits the offense in a manner described
by Section 22.021(a)(2)(A); or
(C) the victim of the offense is younger than 17
years of age and suffered serious bodily injury as a result of the
offense;
(2) life or for any term of not more than 99 years or
less than 30 years if the most serious offense is an offense under
Section 20.06 that is punishable under Subsection (g) of that
section; or
(3) life or for any term of not more than 99 years or
less than 15 years if the most serious offense is an offense
punishable as a felony of the first degree, other than an offense
described by Subdivision (1) or (2).
(c) Notwithstanding Section 15.02(d), a conspiracy
[Conspiring] to commit an offense under this section is punishable
in [is of] the same manner as an offense under this section [degree
as the most serious offense listed in Subsection (a) that the person
conspired to commit].
(d) At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may
raise the issue as to whether in voluntary and complete
renunciation of the offense he withdrew from the combination before
commission of an offense listed in Subsection (a) and made
substantial effort to prevent the commission of the offense. If
the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a
preponderance of the evidence the offense is the same category of
offense as the most serious offense listed in Subsection (a) that is
committed[, unless the defendant is convicted of conspiring to
commit the offense, in which event the offense is one category lower
than the most serious offense that the defendant conspired to
commit].
(e) An offense that is punishable as a second degree felony
or as any lower category of offense under Subsection (b) is one
additional category higher than the category listed under
Subsection (b) if the person used or exhibited a deadly weapon
during the commission of one or more of the offenses listed under
Subsection (a) and if an offense is punishable as a Class A
misdemeanor under Subsection (b), the offense is a state jail
felony.
SECTION 20. The heading to Section 71.022, Penal Code, is
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 71.022. COERCING, INDUCING, OR SOLICITING MEMBERSHIP
IN A CRIMINAL STREET GANG OR FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATION.
SECTION 21. Sections 71.022(a) and (a-1), Penal Code, are
amended to read as follows:
(a) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly
causes, enables, encourages, recruits, or solicits another person
to become a member of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization which, as a condition of initiation, admission,
membership, or continued membership, requires the commission of any
conduct which constitutes an offense punishable as a Class A
misdemeanor or a felony.
(a-1) A person commits an offense if, with intent to coerce,
induce, or solicit a child to actively participate in the
activities of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist
organization, the person:
(1) threatens the child or a member of the child's
family with imminent bodily injury; or
(2) causes bodily injury to the child or a member of
the child's family.
SECTION 22. Section 71.023, Penal Code, is amended to read
as follows:
Sec. 71.023. DIRECTING ACTIVITIES OF CRIMINAL STREET GANGS
OR FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS. (a) A person commits an
offense if the person, as part of the identifiable leadership of a
criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization, knowingly
finances, directs, or supervises the commission of, or a conspiracy
to commit, one or more of the following offenses by members of a
criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization:
(1) a felony offense that is listed in Article
42A.054(a), Code of Criminal Procedure;
(2) a felony offense for which it is shown that a
deadly weapon, as defined by Section 1.07, was used or exhibited
during the commission of the offense or during immediate flight
from the commission of the offense; or
(3) an offense that is punishable under Section
481.112(e) or (f), 481.1121(b)(4), 481.1123(d), (e), or (f),
481.115(f), or 481.120(b)(6), Health and Safety Code.
(b) An offense under this section is a felony of the first
degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years
or less than 25 years.
SECTION 23. Chapter 125, Civil Practice and Remedies Code,
as amended by this Act, applies only to an action commenced on or
after the effective date of this Act. An action commenced before the
effective date of this Act is governed by the law as it existed
immediately before the effective date of this Act, and that law is
continued in effect for that purpose.
SECTION 24. Chapter 71, Penal Code, as amended by this Act,
applies only to an offense committed on or after the effective date
of this Act. An offense committed before the effective date of this
Act is governed by the law in effect on the date the offense was
committed, and the former law is continued in effect for that
purpose. For purposes of this section, an offense was committed
before the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense
occurred before that date.
SECTION 25. This Act takes effect September 1, 2023.
______________________________ ______________________________
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 1900 passed the Senate on
April 12, 2023, by the following vote: Yeas 29, Nays 2; and that
the Senate concurred in House amendments on May 25, 2023, by the
following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 1.
______________________________
Secretary of the Senate
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 1900 passed the House, with
amendments, on May 22, 2023, by the following vote: Yeas 93,
Nays 51, one present not voting.
______________________________
Chief Clerk of the House
Approved:
______________________________
Date
______________________________
Governor