Texas 2025 - 89th Regular

Texas House Bill HB1010 Compare Versions

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11 By: Toth H.B. No. 1010
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66 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
77 AN ACT
88 relating to measures for ensuring safety and security in public
99 schools, including measures related to certain student records and
1010 conduct.
1111 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
1212 SECTION 1. Section 7.028(a), Education Code, is amended to
1313 read as follows:
1414 (a) Except as provided by Section 21.006(k), 22.093(l),
1515 22.096, 28.006, 29.001(5), 29.010(a), 33.006(h), 37.1083, 38.003,
1616 or 39.003, the agency may monitor compliance with requirements
1717 applicable to a process or program provided by a school district,
1818 campus, program, or school granted charters under Chapter 12,
1919 including the process described by Subchapter F, Chapter 11, or a
2020 program described by Subchapter B, C, D, E, F, H, or I, Chapter 29,
2121 or Subchapter A, Chapter 37, only as necessary to ensure:
2222 (1) compliance with federal law and regulations;
2323 (2) financial accountability, including compliance
2424 with grant requirements;
2525 (3) data integrity for purposes of:
2626 (A) the Public Education Information Management
2727 System (PEIMS); and
2828 (B) accountability under Chapters 39 and 39A; and
2929 (4) qualification for funding under Chapter 48.
3030 SECTION 2. Subchapter B, Chapter 8, Education Code, is
3131 amended by adding Section 8.064 to read as follows:
3232 Sec. 8.064. SCHOOL SAFETY SUPPORT. (a) A regional
3333 education service center shall act as a school safety resource for
3434 school districts and open-enrollment charter schools in the region
3535 served by the center. The center may assist a school district or
3636 open-enrollment charter school:
3737 (1) in developing and implementing a multihazard
3838 emergency operations plan under Section 37.108;
3939 (2) in establishing a school safety and security
4040 committee under Section 37.109;
4141 (3) in conducting emergency school drills and
4242 exercises;
4343 (4) in addressing deficiencies in campus security
4444 identified by a school safety review team under Section 37.1084;
4545 and
4646 (5) by providing guidance on any other matter relating
4747 to school safety and security.
4848 (b) A regional education service center shall provide
4949 assistance as necessary to the region's school safety review team
5050 established under Section 37.1084.
5151 SECTION 3. Section 12.104(b), Education Code, as amended by
5252 Chapters 542 (S.B. 168), 887 (S.B. 1697), 915 (H.B. 3607), 974 (S.B.
5353 2081), and 1046 (S.B. 1365), Acts of the 87th Legislature, Regular
5454 Session, 2021, is reenacted and amended to read as follows:
5555 (b) An open-enrollment charter school is subject to:
5656 (1) a provision of this title establishing a criminal
5757 offense;
5858 (2) the provisions in Chapter 554, Government Code;
5959 and
6060 (3) a prohibition, restriction, or requirement, as
6161 applicable, imposed by this title or a rule adopted under this
6262 title, relating to:
6363 (A) the Public Education Information Management
6464 System (PEIMS) to the extent necessary to monitor compliance with
6565 this subchapter as determined by the commissioner;
6666 (B) criminal history records under Subchapter C,
6767 Chapter 22;
6868 (C) reading instruments and accelerated reading
6969 instruction programs under Section 28.006;
7070 (D) accelerated instruction under Section
7171 28.0211;
7272 (E) high school graduation requirements under
7373 Section 28.025;
7474 (F) special education programs under Subchapter
7575 A, Chapter 29;
7676 (G) bilingual education under Subchapter B,
7777 Chapter 29;
7878 (H) prekindergarten programs under Subchapter E
7979 or E-1, Chapter 29, except class size limits for prekindergarten
8080 classes imposed under Section 25.112, which do not apply;
8181 (I) extracurricular activities under Section
8282 33.081;
8383 (J) discipline management practices or behavior
8484 management techniques under Section 37.0021;
8585 (K) health and safety under Chapter 38;
8686 (L) the provisions of Subchapter A, Chapter 39;
8787 (M) public school accountability and special
8888 investigations under Subchapters A, B, C, D, F, G, and J, Chapter
8989 39, and Chapter 39A;
9090 (N) the requirement under Section 21.006 to
9191 report an educator's misconduct;
9292 (O) intensive programs of instruction under
9393 Section 28.0213;
9494 (P) the right of a school employee to report a
9595 crime, as provided by Section 37.148;
9696 (Q) bullying prevention policies and procedures
9797 under Section 37.0832;
9898 (R) the right of a school under Section 37.0052
9999 to place a student who has engaged in certain bullying behavior in a
100100 disciplinary alternative education program or to expel the student;
101101 (S) the right under Section 37.0151 to report to
102102 local law enforcement certain conduct constituting assault or
103103 harassment;
104104 (T) a parent's right to information regarding the
105105 provision of assistance for learning difficulties to the parent's
106106 child as provided by Sections 26.004(b)(11) and 26.0081(c) and (d);
107107 (U) establishment of residency under Section
108108 25.001;
109109 (V) school safety requirements under Sections
110110 37.108, 37.1081, 37.1082, 37.1083, 37.1084, 37.109, 37.113,
111111 37.114, 37.1141, 37.115, 37.207, and 37.2071;
112112 (W) the early childhood literacy and mathematics
113113 proficiency plans under Section 11.185;
114114 (X) the college, career, and military readiness
115115 plans under Section 11.186; and
116116 (Y) [(X)] parental options to retain a student
117117 under Section 28.02124.
118118 SECTION 4. Section 25.002(a), Education Code, is amended to
119119 read as follows:
120120 (a) If a parent or other person with legal control of a child
121121 under a court order enrolls the child in a public school, the parent
122122 or other person or the school district in which the child most
123123 recently attended school shall furnish to the school district:
124124 (1) the child's birth certificate or another document
125125 suitable as proof of the child's identity;
126126 (2) a copy of the child's records from the school the
127127 child most recently attended if the child has been previously
128128 enrolled in a school in this state or another state, including for a
129129 child who most recently attended a public school in this state, a
130130 copy of the child's disciplinary record and any threat assessment
131131 involving the child's behavior conducted under Section 37.115; and
132132 (3) a record showing that the child has the
133133 immunizations as required under Section 38.001, in the case of a
134134 child required under that section to be immunized, proof as
135135 required by that section showing that the child is not required to
136136 be immunized, or proof that the child is entitled to provisional
137137 admission under that section and under rules adopted under that
138138 section.
139139 SECTION 5. Section 25.036, Education Code, is amended by
140140 adding Subsection (c) to read as follows:
141141 (c) In the case of a transfer under this section, a child's
142142 school district of residence shall provide the receiving district
143143 with the child's disciplinary record and any threat assessment
144144 involving the child's behavior conducted under Section 37.115.
145145 SECTION 6. Section 25.095(a), Education Code, is amended to
146146 read as follows:
147147 (a) A school district or open-enrollment charter school
148148 shall notify a student's parent in writing at the beginning of the
149149 school year that if the student is absent from school, without
150150 excuse under Section 25.087, on six [10] or more days or parts of
151151 days within an eight-week [a six-month] period in the same school
152152 year:
153153 (1) the student's parent is subject to prosecution
154154 under Section 25.093; and
155155 (2) the student is subject to referral to a truancy
156156 court for truant conduct under Section 65.003(a), Family Code.
157157 SECTION 7. Section 25.0951(a), Education Code, is amended
158158 to read as follows:
159159 (a) If a student fails to attend school without excuse on
160160 six [10] or more days or parts of days within an eight-week [a
161161 six-month] period in the same school year, a school district shall
162162 within 10 school days of the student's sixth [10th] absence refer
163163 the student to a truancy court for truant conduct under Section
164164 65.003(a), Family Code.
165165 SECTION 8. Section 37.108, Education Code, is amended by
166166 amending Subsections (a), (b), and (c) and adding Subsections (a-1)
167167 and (h) to read as follows:
168168 (a) Each school district or public junior college district
169169 shall adopt and implement a multihazard emergency operations plan
170170 for use in the district's facilities. The plan must address
171171 prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery in
172172 accordance with the definitions established for those terms under
173173 Subsection (a-1) [as defined by the Texas School Safety Center in
174174 conjunction with the governor's office of homeland security and the
175175 commissioner of education or commissioner of higher education, as
176176 applicable]. The plan must provide for:
177177 (1) training in responding to an emergency for
178178 district employees, including substitute teachers;
179179 (2) measures to ensure district employees, including
180180 substitute teachers, have classroom access to a telephone,
181181 including a cellular telephone, or another electronic
182182 communication device allowing for immediate contact with district
183183 emergency services or emergency services agencies, law enforcement
184184 agencies, health departments, and fire departments;
185185 (3) measures to ensure district communications
186186 technology and infrastructure are adequate to allow for
187187 communication during an emergency;
188188 (4) if the plan applies to a school district:
189189 (A) [,] mandatory school drills and exercises,
190190 including drills required under Section 37.114, to prepare district
191191 students and employees for responding to an emergency; and
192192 (B) measures that incorporate and address the
193193 results of a safety and security audit conducted under Subsection
194194 (b) and an on-site vulnerability assessment conducted by a school
195195 safety review team under Section 37.1084;
196196 (5) measures to ensure coordination with the
197197 Department of State Health Services and local emergency management
198198 agencies, law enforcement, health departments, and fire
199199 departments in the event of an emergency; and
200200 (6) the implementation of a safety and security audit
201201 as required by Subsection (b).
202202 (a-1) The Texas School Safety Center shall establish
203203 definitions of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and
204204 recovery for purposes of a multihazard emergency operations plan
205205 under Subsection (a):
206206 (1) for a plan applicable to a public junior college
207207 district, in conjunction with the governor's office of homeland
208208 security and the commissioner of higher education; or
209209 (2) for a plan applicable to a school district, in
210210 conjunction with the governor's office of homeland security and
211211 with the approval of the commissioner of education.
212212 (b) At least once every three years, each school district or
213213 public junior college district shall conduct a safety and security
214214 audit of the district's facilities in the following manner:
215215 (1) a school [. To the extent possible, a] district
216216 shall:
217217 (A) follow safety and security audit procedures
218218 adopted by the commissioner in consultation with [developed by] the
219219 Texas School Safety Center; and
220220 (B) unless a district employee conducts the
221221 audit, engage [or] a person approved by the commissioner and
222222 included in the registry established by the Texas School Safety
223223 Center under Section 37.2091 to conduct the audit; and
224224 (2) a public junior college district shall, to the
225225 extent possible, follow safety and security audit procedures
226226 developed by the Texas School Safety Center or a person included in
227227 the registry established by the Texas School Safety Center under
228228 Section 37.2091.
229229 (c) A school district or public junior college district
230230 shall report the results of the safety and security audit conducted
231231 under Subsection (b) to the district's board of trustees and, in the
232232 manner required by the Texas School Safety Center, to the Texas
233233 School Safety Center. Additionally, a school district shall report
234234 the results of the audit to the agency. The report provided to the
235235 Texas School Safety Center and, if applicable, to the agency under
236236 this subsection must be signed by:
237237 (1) for a school district, the district's board of
238238 trustees and superintendent; or
239239 (2) for a public junior college district, the
240240 president of the junior college district.
241241 (h) The commissioner, in consultation with the Texas School
242242 Safety Center, shall adopt rules regarding requirements for school
243243 district:
244244 (1) multihazard emergency operations plans; and
245245 (2) safety and security audits.
246246 SECTION 9. Subchapter C, Chapter 37, Education Code, is
247247 amended by adding Section 37.088 to read as follows:
248248 Sec. 37.088. CLASSROOM SAFETY REVIEW AND REFERRAL PROGRAM.
249249 (a) If, after an investigation is completed, the principal of a
250250 public primary or secondary school has reasonable grounds to
251251 believe that a student engaged in violent criminal conduct,
252252 including assaultive conduct, the principal shall:
253253 (1) refer the student to the classroom safety review
254254 committee established under Subsection (b); or
255255 (2) make a report to any school district police
256256 department, if applicable, or the police department of the
257257 municipality in which the school is located or, if the school is not
258258 in a municipality, the sheriff of the county in which the school is
259259 located.
260260 (b) Before the beginning of each school year, a public
261261 primary or secondary school shall establish a classroom safety
262262 review committee that consists of five classroom teachers who are
263263 selected from all classroom teachers employed by the school through
264264 a nomination and election process, as determined by the school.
265265 (c) If a student is referred to the classroom safety review
266266 committee under Subsection (a)(1), the committee shall review all
267267 electronic, written, and verbal evidence or testimony or video
268268 provided to the committee and interview any eyewitnesses. After
269269 review, the committee shall, by majority vote, refer the student
270270 to:
271271 (1) a person designated by the school as the juvenile
272272 diversion administrator under Subsection (d); or
273273 (2) the classroom safety referral board established
274274 under Subsection (e).
275275 (d) A public primary or secondary school shall designate a
276276 person as the juvenile diversion administrator for the school. If
277277 the classroom safety review committee refers a student to the
278278 juvenile diversion administrator under Subsection (c)(1), the
279279 juvenile diversion administrator shall:
280280 (1) require the student to perform a certain number of
281281 hours of community service;
282282 (2) require the student to participate in tutoring; or
283283 (3) make a determination that the student is not
284284 required to take any additional actions.
285285 (e) A public primary or secondary school shall establish a
286286 classroom safety referral board that consists of:
287287 (1) two teachers who serve on the classroom safety
288288 review committee;
289289 (2) an assistant district attorney of the county in
290290 which the school is located;
291291 (3) an investigator from the sheriff's office in the
292292 county in which the school is located; and
293293 (4) a parent of a student enrolled at the school
294294 selected by the board of trustees of the school district.
295295 (f) If the classroom safety review committee refers a
296296 student to the classroom safety referral board, the board shall
297297 review all electronic, written, and verbal evidence or testimony or
298298 video provided to the board and may hear new testimony from the
299299 student or an eyewitness of the conduct. After review, the board, by
300300 majority vote, shall:
301301 (1) report the student's conduct to the local law
302302 enforcement agency; or
303303 (2) refer the student to the juvenile diversion
304304 administrator under Subsection (d).
305305 (g) Materials and information provided to or produced by the
306306 classroom safety review committee or the classroom safety referral
307307 board during a student review under this section must be maintained
308308 in the student's school record until the student's 24th birthday.
309309 (h) A person commits an offense if the person destroys
310310 material or information described by Subsection (g) before the
311311 period of maintenance required under that subsection has expired.
312312 An offense under this subsection is a Class A misdemeanor.
313313 (i) If an educator commits an offense under Subsection (h),
314314 the educator may be subject to termination or suspension of the
315315 educator's contract.
316316 (j) Any testimony provided by an educator to the classroom
317317 safety review committee or the classroom safety referral board
318318 under this section is confidential and may not be disclosed to any
319319 other person.
320320 SECTION 10. Subchapter D, Chapter 37, Education Code, is
321321 amended by adding Sections 37.1083 and 37.1084 to read as follows:
322322 Sec. 37.1083. AGENCY MONITORING OF SCHOOL DISTRICT SAFETY
323323 AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS. (a) The agency shall monitor the
324324 implementation and operation of requirements related to school
325325 district safety and security, including school district:
326326 (1) multihazard emergency operations plans; and
327327 (2) safety and security audits.
328328 (b) The agency shall establish an office of school safety
329329 and security within the agency to coordinate the agency's
330330 monitoring of school district safety and security requirements
331331 under this section. The director of the office is appointed by the
332332 governor and must report directly to the commissioner.
333333 (c) The agency shall provide technical assistance to school
334334 districts to support the implementation and operation of safety and
335335 security requirements, including the preparation of multihazard
336336 emergency operations plans and performance of safety and security
337337 audits.
338338 (d) The agency may engage or require a school district to
339339 engage a third party as necessary to enable the agency to monitor
340340 the implementation and operation of school district safety and
341341 security requirements under this section.
342342 (e) The commissioner may take appropriate action under
343343 Chapter 39A, including the assignment of a conservator or the
344344 appointment of a board of managers, if a school district fails to:
345345 (1) submit to the required monitoring under this
346346 section;
347347 (2) comply with applicable safety and security
348348 requirements; or
349349 (3) address in a reasonable time period, as determined
350350 by commissioner rule, issues raised by the monitoring of the
351351 district under this section.
352352 (f) The agency, or if approved by the agency, the Texas
353353 School Safety Center, may identify, develop, and make available to
354354 school districts information to assist districts in the
355355 implementation and operation of safety and security requirements,
356356 including relevant:
357357 (1) guidelines;
358358 (2) techniques;
359359 (3) blueprints;
360360 (4) best practices; and
361361 (5) procedures.
362362 (g) The agency, the Texas School Safety Center, and school
363363 districts may share information described by Subsection (f) with
364364 one another.
365365 (h) The agency may require a school district to submit
366366 information necessary for the agency to monitor the implementation
367367 and operation of school district safety and security requirements
368368 under this section, including:
369369 (1) notice of an event requiring a district's
370370 emergency response; and
371371 (2) information regarding the district's response and
372372 use of emergency operations procedures during an event described by
373373 Subdivision (1).
374374 (i) The agency may review school district records as
375375 necessary to ensure compliance with this subchapter and Subchapter
376376 G.
377377 (j) Any document or information collected, identified,
378378 developed, or produced relating to the monitoring of school
379379 district safety and security requirements under this section is
380380 confidential under Sections 418.177 and 418.181, Government Code,
381381 and not subject to disclosure under Chapter 552, Government Code.
382382 (k) The commissioner may adopt rules as necessary to
383383 administer this section.
384384 Sec. 37.1084. REGIONAL SCHOOL SAFETY REVIEW TEAMS. (a) In
385385 this section:
386386 (1) "Office" means the office of school safety and
387387 security established under Section 37.1083.
388388 (2) "Team" means a school safety review team
389389 established under this section.
390390 (b) The office shall establish a school safety review team
391391 in each region served by a regional education service center. A team
392392 shall twice annually conduct on-site vulnerability assessments of
393393 each school district campus in the team's region. In conducting a
394394 vulnerability assessment, a team must:
395395 (1) use a rubric developed by the office in
396396 consultation with the Texas School Safety Center;
397397 (2) not later than the seventh day before the date of a
398398 scheduled assessment, notify the superintendent of the school
399399 district in which the campus being assessed is located; and
400400 (3) on completion of the assessment, provide to the
401401 superintendent and school safety and security committee
402402 established under Section 37.109 for the school district in which
403403 the campus is located a report on the results of the assessment that
404404 includes recommendations to address any deficiencies in campus
405405 security identified by the team.
406406 (c) A regional education service center shall provide
407407 support as necessary to assist the region's team in conducting
408408 on-site vulnerability assessments under this section.
409409 (d) A report produced by a team under this section is
410410 confidential and not subject to disclosure under Chapter 552,
411411 Government Code.
412412 SECTION 11. Section 37.2071, Education Code, is amended by
413413 amending Subsections (a), (c), and (e) and adding Subsections (b-1)
414414 and (e-1) to read as follows:
415415 (a) The center shall establish a random or need-based cycle
416416 for the center's review and verification of school district and
417417 public junior college district multihazard emergency operations
418418 plans adopted under Section 37.108. The cycle must:
419419 (1) provide for each district's plan to be reviewed at
420420 regular intervals as determined by the center; and
421421 (2) if applicable to a school district's plan, be
422422 approved by the agency.
423423 (b-1) The center shall share with the agency a copy of each
424424 school district multihazard emergency operations plan submitted
425425 under Subsection (b) and any other information requested by the
426426 agency regarding the review of a school district's multihazard
427427 emergency operations plan.
428428 (c) The center, or for a school district, the center and the
429429 agency, shall review each district's multihazard emergency
430430 operations plan submitted under Subsection (b) and:
431431 (1) verify the plan meets the requirements of Section
432432 37.108; or
433433 (2) provide the district with written notice:
434434 (A) describing the plan's deficiencies;
435435 (B) including specific recommendations to
436436 correct the deficiencies; and
437437 (C) [(B)] stating that the district must correct
438438 the deficiencies in its plan and resubmit the revised plan to the
439439 center.
440440 (e) The center, or for a school district, the center and the
441441 agency, may approve a district multihazard emergency operations
442442 plan that has deficiencies if the district submits a revised plan
443443 that the center or the center and the agency, if applicable,
444444 determines will correct the deficiencies.
445445 (e-1) A school district multihazard emergency operations
446446 plan may not be verified or approved under this section without the
447447 agency's approval.
448448 SECTION 12. Section 37.2091, Education Code, is amended by
449449 adding Subsection (b-1) to read as follows:
450450 (b-1) The center must receive approval from the agency
451451 before adding to the registry a person providing school safety or
452452 security consulting services to school districts.
453453 SECTION 13. Section 48.115, Education Code, is amended by
454454 amending Subsections (a) and (b) and adding Subsection (b-1) to
455455 read as follows:
456456 (a) A [From funds appropriated for that purpose, the
457457 commissioner shall provide to a] school district is entitled to an
458458 annual allotment equal to the sum of the following amounts or a
459459 greater [in the] amount provided by appropriation:
460460 (1) $10 for each student in average daily attendance,
461461 plus $1 for each student in average daily attendance per every $50
462462 by which the district's maximum basic allotment under Section
463463 48.051 exceeds $6,160, prorated as necessary; and
464464 (2) $15,000 per campus.
465465 (b) Funds allocated under this section must be used to
466466 improve school safety and security, including costs associated
467467 with:
468468 (1) securing school facilities, including:
469469 (A) improvements to school infrastructure;
470470 (B) the use or installation of physical barriers;
471471 and
472472 (C) the purchase and maintenance of:
473473 (i) security cameras or other security
474474 equipment; and
475475 (ii) technology, including communications
476476 systems or devices, that facilitates communication and information
477477 sharing between students, school personnel, and first responders in
478478 an emergency;
479479 (2) providing security for the district, including:
480480 (A) employing school district peace officers,
481481 private security officers, and school marshals; and
482482 (B) collaborating with local law enforcement
483483 agencies, such as entering into a memorandum of understanding for
484484 the assignment of school resource officers to schools in the
485485 district;
486486 (3) school safety and security measures [training and
487487 planning], including:
488488 (A) active shooter and emergency response
489489 training;
490490 (B) prevention and treatment programs relating
491491 to addressing adverse childhood experiences; and
492492 (C) the prevention, identification, and
493493 management of emergencies and threats, using evidence-based,
494494 effective prevention practices and including:
495495 (i) providing licensed counselors, social
496496 workers, and individuals trained in restorative discipline and
497497 restorative justice practices;
498498 (ii) providing mental health personnel and
499499 support;
500500 (iii) providing behavioral health
501501 services;
502502 (iv) establishing threat reporting
503503 systems; and
504504 (v) developing and implementing programs
505505 focused on restorative justice practices, culturally relevant
506506 instruction, and providing mental health support; and
507507 (4) providing programs related to suicide prevention,
508508 intervention, and postvention.
509509 (b-1) The agency may designate certain technologies that a
510510 school district, in using funds allocated under this section, may
511511 purchase only from a vendor approved by the agency.
512512 SECTION 14. Section 65.003(a), Family Code, is amended to
513513 read as follows:
514514 (a) A child engages in truant conduct if the child is
515515 required to attend school under Section 25.085, Education Code, and
516516 fails to attend school on six [10] or more days or parts of days
517517 within an eight-week [a six month] period in the same school year.
518518 SECTION 15. (a) As soon as practicable after the effective
519519 date of this Act, the Texas Education Agency shall establish the
520520 office of school safety and security and the governor shall appoint
521521 the director of that office as required by Section 37.1083,
522522 Education Code, as added by this Act.
523523 (b) As soon as practicable after the office of school safety
524524 and security has been established, the office shall establish
525525 school safety review teams in each region served by a regional
526526 education service center as required by Section 37.1084, Education
527527 Code, as added by this Act.
528528 SECTION 16. To the extent of any conflict, this Act prevails
529529 over another Act of the 88th Legislature, Regular Session, 2025,
530530 relating to nonsubstantive additions to and corrections in enacted
531531 codes.
532532 SECTION 17. Sections 7.028, 25.095, and 25.0951, Education
533533 Code, as amended by this Act, Chapter 37, Education Code, as amended
534534 by this Act, and Section 65.003, Family Code, as amended by this
535535 Act, apply beginning with the 2025-2026 school year.
536536 SECTION 18. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) of
537537 this section, this Act takes effect immediately if it receives a
538538 vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as
539539 provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this
540540 Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this
541541 Act takes effect September 1, 2025.
542542 (b) Section 48.115, Education Code, as amended by this Act,
543543 takes effect September 1, 2025.