| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 118THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 2393 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To require the Secretary of Homeland Security to implement a strategy |
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| 6 | 6 | | to combat the efforts of transnational criminal organizations to recruit |
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| 7 | 7 | | individuals in the United States via social media platforms and other |
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| 8 | 8 | | online services and assess their use of such platforms and services for |
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| 9 | 9 | | illicit activities, and for other purposes. |
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| 10 | 10 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 11 | 11 | | MARCH29, 2023 |
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| 12 | 12 | | Ms. S |
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| 13 | 13 | | PANBERGER(for herself, Mr. CISCOMANI, and Mr. BURGESS) introduced |
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| 14 | 14 | | the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, |
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| 15 | 15 | | and in addition to the Committees on Homeland Security, Foreign Af- |
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| 16 | 16 | | fairs, and Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently deter- |
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| 17 | 17 | | mined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions |
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| 18 | 18 | | as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned |
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| 19 | 19 | | A BILL |
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| 20 | 20 | | To require the Secretary of Homeland Security to implement |
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| 21 | 21 | | a strategy to combat the efforts of transnational criminal |
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| 22 | 22 | | organizations to recruit individuals in the United States |
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| 23 | 23 | | via social media platforms and other online services and |
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| 24 | 24 | | assess their use of such platforms and services for illicit |
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| 25 | 25 | | activities, and for other purposes. |
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| 26 | 26 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 27 | 27 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 30 | 30 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 31 | 31 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 1 |
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| 32 | 32 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Combating Cartels on 2 |
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| 33 | 33 | | Social Media Act of 2023’’. 3 |
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| 34 | 34 | | SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 4 |
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| 35 | 35 | | In this Act: 5 |
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| 36 | 36 | | (1) A |
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| 37 | 37 | | PPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT -6 |
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| 38 | 38 | | TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-7 |
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| 39 | 39 | | mittees’’ means— 8 |
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| 40 | 40 | | (A) the Committee on Homeland Security 9 |
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| 41 | 41 | | and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and 10 |
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| 42 | 42 | | (B) the Committee on Homeland Security 11 |
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| 43 | 43 | | of the House of Representatives. 12 |
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| 44 | 44 | | (2) C |
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| 45 | 45 | | OVERED OPERATOR .—The term ‘‘covered 13 |
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| 46 | 46 | | operator’’ means the operator, developer, or pub-14 |
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| 47 | 47 | | lisher of a covered service. 15 |
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| 48 | 48 | | (3) C |
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| 49 | 49 | | OVERED SERVICE.—The term ‘‘covered 16 |
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| 50 | 50 | | service’’ means— 17 |
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| 51 | 51 | | (A) a social media platform; 18 |
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| 52 | 52 | | (B) a mobile or desktop service with direct 19 |
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| 53 | 53 | | or group messaging capabilities, but not includ-20 |
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| 54 | 54 | | ing text messaging services without other sub-21 |
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| 55 | 55 | | stantial social functionalities or electronic mail 22 |
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| 56 | 56 | | services, that the Secretary determines is, has 23 |
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| 57 | 57 | | been, or will be used by transnational criminal 24 |
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| 58 | 58 | | organizations in connection with matters de-25 |
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| 59 | 59 | | scribed in section 3; and 26 |
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| 62 | 62 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 63 | 63 | | (C) a digital platform, or an electronic ap-1 |
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| 64 | 64 | | plication utilizing the digital platform, involving 2 |
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| 65 | 65 | | real-time interactive communication between 3 |
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| 66 | 66 | | multiple individuals, including multi-player 4 |
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| 67 | 67 | | gaming services and immersive technology plat-5 |
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| 68 | 68 | | forms or applications, that the Secretary deter-6 |
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| 69 | 69 | | mines is, has been, or will be used by 7 |
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| 70 | 70 | | transnational criminal organizations in connec-8 |
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| 71 | 71 | | tion with matters described in section 3. 9 |
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| 72 | 72 | | (4) D |
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| 73 | 73 | | EPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 10 |
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| 74 | 74 | | means the Department of Homeland Security. 11 |
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| 75 | 75 | | (5) S |
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| 76 | 76 | | ECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 12 |
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| 77 | 77 | | the Secretary of Homeland Security. 13 |
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| 78 | 78 | | SEC. 3. ASSESSMENT OF ILLICIT USAGE. 14 |
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| 79 | 79 | | (a) I |
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| 80 | 80 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 15 |
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| 81 | 81 | | date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall sub-16 |
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| 82 | 82 | | mit to the appropriate congressional committees an assess-17 |
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| 83 | 83 | | ment describing the following: 18 |
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| 84 | 84 | | (1) The use of covered services by transnational 19 |
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| 85 | 85 | | criminal organizations or criminal enterprises acting 20 |
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| 86 | 86 | | on their behalf to engage in recruitment efforts, in-21 |
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| 87 | 87 | | cluding the recruitment of individuals, including in-22 |
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| 88 | 88 | | dividuals under the age of 18, located in the United 23 |
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| 89 | 89 | | States to engage in or provide support with respect 24 |
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| 90 | 90 | | to illicit activities occurring in the United States, 25 |
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| 93 | 93 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 94 | 94 | | Mexico, or otherwise in proximity to an international 1 |
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| 95 | 95 | | boundary of the United States. 2 |
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| 96 | 96 | | (2) The use of covered services by transnational 3 |
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| 97 | 97 | | criminal organizations to engage in other illicit ac-4 |
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| 98 | 98 | | tivities or other conduct in support of illicit activi-5 |
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| 99 | 99 | | ties, including— 6 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (A) smuggling or trafficking involving nar-7 |
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| 101 | 101 | | cotics, other controlled substances, precursors 8 |
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| 102 | 102 | | thereof, or other items prohibited under the 9 |
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| 103 | 103 | | laws of the United States, Mexico, or another 10 |
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| 104 | 104 | | relevant jurisdiction, including firearms; and 11 |
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| 105 | 105 | | (B) human smuggling or trafficking. 12 |
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| 106 | 106 | | (3) The existing efforts of the Secretary and 13 |
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| 107 | 107 | | relevant government and law enforcement entities to 14 |
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| 108 | 108 | | counter, monitor, or otherwise respond to the usage 15 |
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| 109 | 109 | | of covered services described in paragraphs (1) and 16 |
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| 110 | 110 | | (2). 17 |
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| 111 | 111 | | (4) The existing efforts of covered operators to 18 |
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| 112 | 112 | | counter, monitor, or otherwise respond to the usage 19 |
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| 113 | 113 | | of covered services described in paragraphs (1) and 20 |
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| 114 | 114 | | (2). 21 |
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| 115 | 115 | | (5) The existing cooperative efforts between the 22 |
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| 116 | 116 | | Secretary, other relevant government entities, and 23 |
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| 117 | 117 | | covered operators with respect to the matters de-24 |
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| 118 | 118 | | scribed in paragraphs (1) and (2). 25 |
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| 121 | 121 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 122 | 122 | | SEC. 4. STRATEGY TO COMBAT CARTEL RECRUITMENT ON 1 |
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| 123 | 123 | | SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE PLATFORMS. 2 |
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| 124 | 124 | | (a) I |
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| 125 | 125 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than one year after the 3 |
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| 126 | 126 | | date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall sub-4 |
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| 127 | 127 | | mit to the appropriate congressional committees a strat-5 |
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| 128 | 128 | | egy, to be known as the National Strategy to Combat Il-6 |
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| 129 | 129 | | licit Recruitment Activity by Transnational Criminal Or-7 |
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| 130 | 130 | | ganizations on Social Media and Online Platforms, to 8 |
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| 131 | 131 | | combat the use of covered services by transnational crimi-9 |
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| 132 | 132 | | nal organizations or criminal enterprises acting on their 10 |
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| 133 | 133 | | behalf to recruit individuals located in the United States 11 |
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| 134 | 134 | | to engage in or provide support with respect to illicit ac-12 |
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| 135 | 135 | | tivities occurring in the United States, Mexico, or other-13 |
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| 136 | 136 | | wise in proximity to an international boundary of the 14 |
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| 137 | 137 | | United States. 15 |
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| 138 | 138 | | (b) E |
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| 139 | 139 | | LEMENTS.— 16 |
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| 140 | 140 | | (1) I |
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| 141 | 141 | | N GENERAL.—The strategy required under 17 |
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| 142 | 142 | | subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, include the fol-18 |
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| 143 | 143 | | lowing: 19 |
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| 144 | 144 | | (A) A proposal to improve cooperation and 20 |
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| 145 | 145 | | thereafter maintain cooperation between the 21 |
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| 146 | 146 | | Secretary, relevant law enforcement entities, 22 |
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| 147 | 147 | | and appropriate covered operators with respect 23 |
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| 148 | 148 | | to the matters described in subsection (a). 24 |
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| 149 | 149 | | (B) Recommendations to implement the re-25 |
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| 150 | 150 | | quirement under section 5(a)(2) to establish a 26 |
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| 153 | 153 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 154 | 154 | | centralized mechanism for reporting informa-1 |
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| 155 | 155 | | tion regarding the United States recruitment 2 |
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| 156 | 156 | | efforts of transnational criminal organizations 3 |
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| 157 | 157 | | involving covered services. 4 |
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| 158 | 158 | | (C) A proposal to improve 5 |
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| 159 | 159 | | intragovernmental coordination with respect to 6 |
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| 160 | 160 | | the matters described in subsection (a), includ-7 |
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| 161 | 161 | | ing between the Department and State, local, 8 |
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| 162 | 162 | | and Tribal governments. 9 |
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| 163 | 163 | | (D) A proposal to improve coordination 10 |
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| 164 | 164 | | within the Department and between the compo-11 |
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| 165 | 165 | | nents of the Department with respect to the 12 |
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| 166 | 166 | | matters described in subsection (a). 13 |
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| 167 | 167 | | (E) Activities to facilitate increased intel-14 |
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| 168 | 168 | | ligence analysis for law enforcement purposes of 15 |
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| 169 | 169 | | efforts of transnational criminal organizations 16 |
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| 170 | 170 | | to utilize covered services for recruitment pur-17 |
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| 171 | 171 | | poses. 18 |
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| 172 | 172 | | (F) Activities to foster international part-19 |
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| 173 | 173 | | nerships and enhance collaboration with foreign 20 |
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| 174 | 174 | | governments and, as applicable, multilateral in-21 |
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| 175 | 175 | | stitutions with respect to the matters described 22 |
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| 176 | 176 | | in subsection (a). 23 |
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| 177 | 177 | | (G) Activities to facilitate proactive law en-24 |
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| 178 | 178 | | forcement and other governmental efforts relat-25 |
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| 181 | 181 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 182 | 182 | | ing to the efforts of transnational criminal or-1 |
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| 183 | 183 | | ganizations to utilize covered services for re-2 |
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| 184 | 184 | | cruitment purposes, including activities in-3 |
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| 185 | 185 | | tended to preempt through outreach and en-4 |
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| 186 | 186 | | gagement the commission of criminal offenses 5 |
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| 187 | 187 | | by individuals located in the United States who 6 |
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| 188 | 188 | | are targeted for recruitment by those 7 |
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| 189 | 189 | | transnational criminal organizations. 8 |
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| 190 | 190 | | (H) Activities to specifically increase en-9 |
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| 191 | 191 | | gagement and outreach with youth in border 10 |
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| 192 | 192 | | communities, including regarding the recruit-11 |
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| 193 | 193 | | ment tactics of transnational criminal organiza-12 |
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| 194 | 194 | | tions and the consequences of participation in 13 |
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| 195 | 195 | | illicit activities. 14 |
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| 196 | 196 | | (2) L |
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| 197 | 197 | | IMITATION.—The strategy required under 15 |
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| 198 | 198 | | subsection (a) shall not include legislative rec-16 |
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| 199 | 199 | | ommendations or elements predicated on the passage 17 |
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| 200 | 200 | | of legislation that is not enacted as of the date on 18 |
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| 201 | 201 | | which the strategy is submitted, including with re-19 |
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| 202 | 202 | | spect to encryption policies or reforms to section 230 20 |
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| 203 | 203 | | of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 21 |
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| 204 | 204 | | 230). 22 |
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| 205 | 205 | | (c) C |
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| 206 | 206 | | ONSULTATION.—In drafting and implementing 23 |
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| 207 | 207 | | the strategy required under subsection (a), the Secretary 24 |
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| 210 | 210 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 211 | 211 | | shall, at a minimum, consult and engage with the fol-1 |
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| 212 | 212 | | lowing: 2 |
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| 213 | 213 | | (1) The heads of relevant components of the 3 |
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| 214 | 214 | | Department, including the following: 4 |
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| 215 | 215 | | (A) The Commissioner of U.S. Customs 5 |
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| 216 | 216 | | and Border Protection. 6 |
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| 217 | 217 | | (B) The Under Secretary for Intelligence 7 |
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| 218 | 218 | | and Analysis. 8 |
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| 219 | 219 | | (C) The Under Secretary for Science and 9 |
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| 220 | 220 | | Technology. 10 |
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| 221 | 221 | | (D) The Director of U.S. Immigration and 11 |
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| 222 | 222 | | Customs Enforcement. 12 |
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| 223 | 223 | | (E) The Officer for Civil Rights and Civil 13 |
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| 224 | 224 | | Liberties. 14 |
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| 225 | 225 | | (F) The Privacy Officer. 15 |
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| 226 | 226 | | (2) The Secretary of State. 16 |
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| 227 | 227 | | (3) The Director of the Federal Bureau of In-17 |
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| 228 | 228 | | vestigation. 18 |
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| 229 | 229 | | (4) The Administrator of the Drug Enforce-19 |
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| 230 | 230 | | ment Agency. 20 |
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| 231 | 231 | | (5) Representatives of border communities, in-21 |
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| 232 | 232 | | cluding representatives of the following: 22 |
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| 233 | 233 | | (A) State, local, and Tribal governments, 23 |
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| 234 | 234 | | including school districts and local law enforce-24 |
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| 235 | 235 | | ment. 25 |
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| 238 | 238 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 239 | 239 | | (B) Nongovernmental organizations. 1 |
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| 240 | 240 | | (6) Covered operators, including representatives 2 |
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| 241 | 241 | | of the following: 3 |
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| 242 | 242 | | (A) Social media platforms, including oper-4 |
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| 243 | 243 | | ators of platforms or applications— 5 |
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| 244 | 244 | | (i) displaying short-form videos cre-6 |
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| 245 | 245 | | ated by users or third parties; 7 |
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| 246 | 246 | | (ii) providing ephemeral content 8 |
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| 247 | 247 | | transmission services; or 9 |
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| 248 | 248 | | (iii) using algorithms or other means 10 |
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| 249 | 249 | | of content prioritization to display a feed 11 |
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| 250 | 250 | | of content or advertisements created by 12 |
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| 251 | 251 | | users or third parties to other users. 13 |
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| 252 | 252 | | (B) Interactive entertainment platforms 14 |
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| 253 | 253 | | and publishers. 15 |
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| 254 | 254 | | (C) Companies developing immersive tech-16 |
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| 255 | 255 | | nology platforms and applications on those plat-17 |
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| 256 | 256 | | forms. 18 |
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| 257 | 257 | | (7) Nongovernmental experts in the fields of 19 |
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| 258 | 258 | | the following: 20 |
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| 259 | 259 | | (A) Civil rights and civil liberties. 21 |
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| 260 | 260 | | (B) Online privacy. 22 |
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| 261 | 261 | | (C) Humanitarian assistance for migrants. 23 |
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| 262 | 262 | | (D) Youth outreach and rehabilitation. 24 |
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| 263 | 263 | | (d) I |
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| 264 | 264 | | MPLEMENTATION.— 25 |
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| 267 | 267 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 268 | 268 | | (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 1 |
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| 269 | 269 | | the date on which the strategy required under sub-2 |
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| 270 | 270 | | section (a) is submitted to the appropriate congres-3 |
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| 271 | 271 | | sional committees, the Secretary shall commence im-4 |
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| 272 | 272 | | plementation of the strategy. 5 |
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| 273 | 273 | | (2) R |
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| 274 | 274 | | EPORT.— 6 |
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| 275 | 275 | | (A) I |
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| 276 | 276 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than 180 7 |
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| 277 | 277 | | days after the date on which the strategy re-8 |
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| 278 | 278 | | quired under subsection (a) is implemented 9 |
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| 279 | 279 | | under paragraph (1) and semiannually there-10 |
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| 280 | 280 | | after for five years, the Secretary shall submit 11 |
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| 281 | 281 | | to the appropriate congressional committees a 12 |
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| 282 | 282 | | report describing the efforts of the Secretary to 13 |
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| 283 | 283 | | implement the strategy and the progress of 14 |
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| 284 | 284 | | those efforts, which shall include a description 15 |
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| 285 | 285 | | of the following: 16 |
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| 286 | 286 | | (i) The recommendations, and cor-17 |
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| 287 | 287 | | responding implementation of those rec-18 |
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| 288 | 288 | | ommendations, with respect to the matters 19 |
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| 289 | 289 | | described in subsection (b)(1)(B) relating 20 |
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| 290 | 290 | | to the mechanism required under section 21 |
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| 291 | 291 | | 5(a)(2). 22 |
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| 292 | 292 | | (ii) The interagency posture with re-23 |
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| 293 | 293 | | spect to the matters covered by the strat-24 |
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| 294 | 294 | | egy required under subsection (a), which 25 |
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| 297 | 297 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 298 | 298 | | shall include a description of collaboration 1 |
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| 299 | 299 | | between the Secretary, other Federal enti-2 |
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| 300 | 300 | | ties, State, local, and Tribal entities, and 3 |
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| 301 | 301 | | foreign governments. 4 |
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| 302 | 302 | | (iii) Actions taken pursuant to sub-5 |
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| 303 | 303 | | section (c) that occurred between the Sec-6 |
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| 304 | 304 | | retary and the entities described in para-7 |
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| 305 | 305 | | graphs (5) through (7) of that subsection, 8 |
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| 306 | 306 | | provided that such summaries are provided 9 |
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| 307 | 307 | | only in a classified or other non-public 10 |
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| 308 | 308 | | manner. 11 |
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| 309 | 309 | | (iv) The threat landscape, including 12 |
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| 310 | 310 | | new developments related to the United 13 |
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| 311 | 311 | | States recruitment efforts of transnational 14 |
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| 312 | 312 | | criminal organizations and the use by 15 |
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| 313 | 313 | | those organizations of new or emergent 16 |
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| 314 | 314 | | covered services and recruitment methods. 17 |
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| 315 | 315 | | (B) F |
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| 316 | 316 | | ORM.—Each report required under 18 |
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| 317 | 317 | | subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in unclas-19 |
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| 318 | 318 | | sified form, but may contain a classified annex. 20 |
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| 319 | 319 | | SEC. 5. INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION. 21 |
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| 320 | 320 | | (a) I |
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| 321 | 321 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 22 |
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| 322 | 322 | | date on which the strategy required under section 4(a) is 23 |
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| 323 | 323 | | required to be submitted to the appropriate congressional 24 |
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| 324 | 324 | | committees, the Secretary shall identify a designee— 25 |
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| 327 | 327 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 328 | 328 | | (1) to receive, process, and disseminate infor-1 |
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| 329 | 329 | | mation and communications involving the use of cov-2 |
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| 330 | 330 | | ered services by transnational criminal organizations 3 |
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| 331 | 331 | | or criminal enterprises acting on their behalf to re-4 |
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| 332 | 332 | | cruit individuals located in the United States to en-5 |
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| 333 | 333 | | gage in or provide support with respect to illicit ac-6 |
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| 334 | 334 | | tivities occurring in the United States, Mexico, or 7 |
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| 335 | 335 | | otherwise in proximity to an international boundary 8 |
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| 336 | 336 | | of the United States; and 9 |
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| 337 | 337 | | (2) to establish a mechanism, or if the designee 10 |
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| 338 | 338 | | determines appropriate, multiple mechanisms, for 11 |
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| 339 | 339 | | covered operators to voluntarily report relevant in-12 |
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| 340 | 340 | | formation or communications described in paragraph 13 |
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| 341 | 341 | | (1). 14 |
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| 342 | 342 | | (b) P |
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| 343 | 343 | | ROCEDURE.—Upon the identification of the des-15 |
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| 344 | 344 | | ignee and the establishment of the voluntary reporting 16 |
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| 345 | 345 | | mechanism required under subsection (a)(2), the Sec-17 |
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| 346 | 346 | | retary shall notify appropriate covered operators in writing 18 |
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| 347 | 347 | | regarding the voluntary reporting mechanism, including 19 |
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| 348 | 348 | | information regarding how to contact the designee and uti-20 |
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| 349 | 349 | | lize the voluntary reporting mechanism. 21 |
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| 350 | 350 | | (c) P |
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| 351 | 351 | | LACEMENT.—The designee identified under sub-22 |
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| 352 | 352 | | section (a) shall be located in U.S. Customs and Border 23 |
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| 353 | 353 | | Protection. 24 |
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| 354 | 354 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:31 Apr 08, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H2393.IH H2393 |
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| 355 | 355 | | pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 13 |
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| 356 | 356 | | •HR 2393 IH |
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| 357 | 357 | | (d) DISSEMINATION.—The designee identified under 1 |
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| 358 | 358 | | subsection (a) shall utilize the information and commu-2 |
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| 359 | 359 | | nications received pursuant to this section to— 3 |
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| 360 | 360 | | (1) provide Federal, State, local, and Tribal en-4 |
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| 361 | 361 | | tities with intelligence to assist with outreach and 5 |
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| 362 | 362 | | engagement efforts intended to preempt the commis-6 |
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| 363 | 363 | | sion of criminal offenses by individuals located in the 7 |
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| 364 | 364 | | United States who are targeted by transnational 8 |
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| 365 | 365 | | criminal organizations for recruitment; 9 |
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| 366 | 366 | | (2) provide Federal, State, local, and Tribal law 10 |
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| 367 | 367 | | enforcement with actionable intelligence for law en-11 |
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| 368 | 368 | | forcement relating to the United States recruitment 12 |
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| 369 | 369 | | efforts of transnational criminal organizations; and 13 |
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| 370 | 370 | | (3) further other appropriate government func-14 |
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| 371 | 371 | | tions involving efforts to prevent the recruitment of 15 |
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| 372 | 372 | | individuals located in the United States by 16 |
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| 373 | 373 | | transnational criminal organizations. 17 |
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| 374 | 374 | | Æ |
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| 375 | 375 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:31 Apr 08, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\H2393.IH H2393 |
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| 376 | 376 | | pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB |
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