| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 118THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 3168 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To establish a Joint Autonomy Office in the Department of Defense, and |
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| 6 | 6 | | for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 8 | 8 | | MAY9, 2023 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. W |
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| 10 | 10 | | ITTMAN(for himself and Mr. RUPPERSBERGER) introduced the |
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| 11 | 11 | | following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services |
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| 12 | 12 | | A BILL |
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| 13 | 13 | | To establish a Joint Autonomy Office in the Department |
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| 14 | 14 | | of Defense, and for other purposes. |
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| 15 | 15 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 16 | 16 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 17 | 17 | | SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE JOINT AUTONOMY 3 |
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| 18 | 18 | | OFFICE. 4 |
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| 19 | 19 | | (a) E |
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| 20 | 20 | | STABLISHMENT.—Not later than 120 days after 5 |
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| 21 | 21 | | the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 6 |
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| 22 | 22 | | Defense, in consultation with the Chief Digital and Artifi-7 |
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| 23 | 23 | | cial Intelligence Officer, shall establish an Office in the 8 |
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| 24 | 24 | | Department of Defense to coordinate and accelerate the 9 |
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| 27 | 27 | | •HR 3168 IH |
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| 28 | 28 | | delivery of all-domain autonomous systems to operational 1 |
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| 29 | 29 | | users. 2 |
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| 30 | 30 | | (b) D |
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| 31 | 31 | | ESIGNATION.—The office established under sub-3 |
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| 32 | 32 | | section (a) shall be known as the ‘‘Joint Autonomy Office’’ 4 |
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| 33 | 33 | | (in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Office’’). 5 |
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| 34 | 34 | | (c) H |
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| 35 | 35 | | EAD OFOFFICE.—The head of the Office shall 6 |
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| 36 | 36 | | be a Director appointed by the Secretary of Defense from 7 |
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| 37 | 37 | | among individuals with management experience and tech-8 |
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| 38 | 38 | | nical expertise in all-domain autonomous system tech-9 |
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| 39 | 39 | | nologies. 10 |
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| 40 | 40 | | (d) D |
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| 41 | 41 | | UTIES.—The duties of the Joint Autonomy Of-11 |
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| 42 | 42 | | fice are following: 12 |
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| 43 | 43 | | (1) Utilize commercial and defense best prac-13 |
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| 44 | 44 | | tices and existing investments in defense cloud infra-14 |
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| 45 | 45 | | structure to accelerate the delivery of autonomous 15 |
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| 46 | 46 | | systems to the operational user. 16 |
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| 47 | 47 | | (2) Implement an all-domain enterprise autono-17 |
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| 48 | 48 | | mous systems software development and testing 18 |
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| 49 | 49 | | platform across classification levels of the Depart-19 |
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| 50 | 50 | | ment of Defense. 20 |
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| 51 | 51 | | (3) Provide access to defense programs with au-21 |
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| 52 | 52 | | tonomy requirements to accelerate the development 22 |
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| 53 | 53 | | and testing of all-domain autonomous systems. 23 |
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| 54 | 54 | | (4) Implement an enterprise all-domain data ac-24 |
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| 55 | 55 | | quisition and curation process to build, manage, and 25 |
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| 58 | 58 | | •HR 3168 IH |
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| 59 | 59 | | sustain datasets from all available autonomy pro-1 |
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| 60 | 60 | | grams of the Department in order to develop and 2 |
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| 61 | 61 | | test all-domain autonomous systems. 3 |
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| 62 | 62 | | (5) Provide access to existing and future service 4 |
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| 63 | 63 | | and joint autonomous system development and ac-5 |
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| 64 | 64 | | quisition programs, including such programs as the 6 |
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| 65 | 65 | | Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle, Robotic Com-7 |
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| 66 | 66 | | bat Vehicles, Collaborative Combat Aircraft, and 8 |
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| 67 | 67 | | Large Unmanned Surface Vehicle, as development 9 |
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| 68 | 68 | | and testing datasets mature. 10 |
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| 69 | 69 | | (6) Accelerate the Department’s development 11 |
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| 70 | 70 | | and testing of all-domain autonomous system proto-12 |
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| 71 | 71 | | types to scaled production in conjunction with serv-13 |
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| 72 | 72 | | ice and joint autonomous system development and 14 |
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| 73 | 73 | | acquisition and the combatant commands. 15 |
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| 74 | 74 | | (7) Accelerate the Department’s development 16 |
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| 75 | 75 | | and operational test and evaluation of all-domain au-17 |
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| 76 | 76 | | tonomous systems in conjunction with service and 18 |
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| 77 | 77 | | joint test community and the combatant commands. 19 |
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| 78 | 78 | | (8) Continuously solicit and utilize joint 20 |
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| 79 | 79 | | warfighter feedback on requirements and capability 21 |
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| 80 | 80 | | progress in the development process. 22 |
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| 81 | 81 | | (9) Ensure that the development environments, 23 |
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| 82 | 82 | | generated data for autonomous system development, 24 |
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| 83 | 83 | | and any prototype all-domain autonomous system 25 |
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| 87 | 87 | | technologies, are designed to transition to full 1 |
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| 88 | 88 | | sustainment within the programs of the military de-2 |
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| 89 | 89 | | partments. 3 |
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| 90 | 90 | | (10) Ensure that knowledge of proper autono-4 |
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| 91 | 91 | | mous system program design and execution, includ-5 |
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| 92 | 92 | | ing software development, test, and acquisition best 6 |
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| 93 | 93 | | practices, is transitioned to service program execu-7 |
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| 94 | 94 | | tive offices with unmanned and autonomous system 8 |
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| 95 | 95 | | requirements. 9 |
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| 96 | 96 | | (11) Carry out such other activities relating to 10 |
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| 97 | 97 | | the coordination, development, and delivery of auton-11 |
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| 98 | 98 | | omous systems as the Secretary of Defense deter-12 |
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| 99 | 99 | | mines appropriate. 13 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (e) H |
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| 101 | 101 | | IRINGAUTHORITIES.— 14 |
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| 102 | 102 | | (1) H |
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| 103 | 103 | | IGHLY QUALIFIED EXPERTS .—Pursuant 15 |
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| 104 | 104 | | to the authority provided under section 9903 of title 16 |
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| 105 | 105 | | 5, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense may 17 |
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| 106 | 106 | | establish within the Office up to 12 Highly Qualified 18 |
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| 107 | 107 | | Expert positions to facilitate the rapid hiring of 19 |
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| 108 | 108 | | technical program managers with experience in the 20 |
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| 109 | 109 | | development, test, production, and delivery of all-do-21 |
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| 110 | 110 | | main autonomous systems. The Secretary may ex-22 |
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| 111 | 111 | | tend the term of each such Highly Qualified Expert 23 |
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| 112 | 112 | | for a period of not more than seven years. 24 |
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| 116 | 116 | | (2) EXCEPTED SERVICE HIRING AUTHORITY .— 1 |
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| 117 | 117 | | Each position in the Joint Autonomy Office shall be 2 |
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| 118 | 118 | | a position in the excepted service, and the Secretary 3 |
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| 119 | 119 | | may appoint individuals to such positions in the 4 |
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| 120 | 120 | | same manner as provided under section 1599f of 5 |
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| 121 | 121 | | title 10, United States Code. 6 |
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| 122 | 122 | | (f) D |
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| 123 | 123 | | ATAACCESS ANDRELATEDAUTHORITIES.— 7 |
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| 124 | 124 | | (1) D |
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| 125 | 125 | | ATA ACCESS.—The Secretary of Defense 8 |
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| 126 | 126 | | shall ensure that the Joint Autonomy Office— 9 |
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| 127 | 127 | | (A) subject to the implementation of the 10 |
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| 128 | 128 | | security protocols described in paragraph (2), 11 |
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| 129 | 129 | | has unlimited access to existing datasets within 12 |
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| 130 | 130 | | service and joint autonomous system, artificial 13 |
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| 131 | 131 | | intelligence, and legacy platform and sensor 14 |
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| 132 | 132 | | programs regardless of classification level; and 15 |
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| 133 | 133 | | (B) has the authority to centralize access 16 |
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| 134 | 134 | | to such data and information, as required to 17 |
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| 135 | 135 | | carry out the duties of the Office. 18 |
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| 136 | 136 | | (2) S |
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| 137 | 137 | | ECURITY PROTOCOLS .—The Secretary of 19 |
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| 138 | 138 | | Defense shall implement appropriate security proto-20 |
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| 139 | 139 | | cols to protect any data and other information 21 |
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| 140 | 140 | | shared with or maintained by the Office under para-22 |
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| 141 | 141 | | graph (1). 23 |
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| 142 | 142 | | (g) C |
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| 143 | 143 | | ONTRACTING AUTHORITIES AND LIMITA-24 |
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| 144 | 144 | | TIONS.— 25 |
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| 148 | 148 | | (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office— 1 |
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| 149 | 149 | | (A) subject to paragraph (2), may enter 2 |
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| 150 | 150 | | into contracts with private sector, non-Govern-3 |
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| 151 | 151 | | ment entities, as appropriate, for the purposes 4 |
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| 152 | 152 | | of leveraging innovative commercial technologies 5 |
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| 153 | 153 | | to aid and facilitate the execution of the duties 6 |
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| 154 | 154 | | of the Office; and 7 |
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| 155 | 155 | | (B) shall ensure that all programs admin-8 |
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| 156 | 156 | | istered by the Office are carried out in accord-9 |
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| 157 | 157 | | ance with section 3453 of title 10, United 10 |
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| 158 | 158 | | States Code. 11 |
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| 159 | 159 | | (2) L |
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| 160 | 160 | | IMITATION.—The Office may coordinate 12 |
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| 161 | 161 | | with other offices of the Department of Defense with 13 |
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| 162 | 162 | | contracting authority as required to carry out the 14 |
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| 163 | 163 | | duties described in subsection (d). 15 |
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| 164 | 164 | | (h) C |
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| 165 | 165 | | OORDINATION.—The Director of the Office shall 16 |
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| 166 | 166 | | ensure that the activities of the Office are conducted in 17 |
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| 167 | 167 | | accordance with Department of Defense policies and in co-18 |
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| 168 | 168 | | ordination with the research and development programs 19 |
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| 169 | 169 | | of the Department. 20 |
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| 170 | 170 | | (i) B |
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| 171 | 171 | | RIEFING.—Not later than 90 days after the date 21 |
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| 172 | 172 | | of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 22 |
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| 173 | 173 | | shall provide to the Committees on Armed Services of the 23 |
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| 174 | 174 | | Senate and House of Representatives a briefing on the 24 |
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| 178 | 178 | | status of the establishment of the Office under this sec-1 |
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| 179 | 179 | | tion. 2 |
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| 180 | 180 | | (j) T |
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| 181 | 181 | | ERMINATION.— 3 |
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| 182 | 182 | | (1) I |
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| 183 | 183 | | N GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-4 |
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| 184 | 184 | | graph (2), the Office shall terminate on the date 5 |
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| 185 | 185 | | that is seven years after the date of the enactment 6 |
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| 186 | 186 | | of this Act. 7 |
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| 187 | 187 | | (2) E |
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| 188 | 188 | | XTENSION.—The Secretary may extend 8 |
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| 189 | 189 | | the termination date under paragraph (1) for one or 9 |
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| 190 | 190 | | more additional periods of seven years if— 10 |
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| 191 | 191 | | (A) if the Secretary determines that such 11 |
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| 192 | 192 | | an extension is in the best interest of the De-12 |
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| 193 | 193 | | partment of Defense; and 13 |
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| 194 | 194 | | (B) submits to the Committees on Armed 14 |
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| 195 | 195 | | Services of the Senate and House of Represent-15 |
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| 196 | 196 | | atives notice of the Secretary’s intent to make 16 |
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| 197 | 197 | | such an extension. 17 |
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| 198 | 198 | | (k) D |
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| 199 | 199 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 18 |
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| 200 | 200 | | (1) The term ‘‘all-domain’’, when used with re-19 |
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| 201 | 201 | | spect to an autonomous system, means interoper-20 |
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| 202 | 202 | | ability across one or more of the ground, aerial, 21 |
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| 203 | 203 | | maritime, and space domains. 22 |
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| 204 | 204 | | (2) The term ‘‘autonomous system’’ means a 23 |
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| 205 | 205 | | system with the ability to conduct integrated sens-24 |
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| 206 | 206 | | ing, perception, communication, decision-making, 25 |
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| 210 | 210 | | and action within specific boundaries and independ-1 |
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| 211 | 211 | | ently from a human operator’s instruction. 2 |
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| 212 | 212 | | (3) The term ‘‘Chief Digital and Artificial Intel-3 |
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| 213 | 213 | | ligence Officer’’ has the meaning given that term in 4 |
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| 214 | 214 | | section 846(b) of the James M. Inhofe National De-5 |
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| 215 | 215 | | fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Pub-6 |
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| 216 | 216 | | lic Law 117–263). 7 |
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| 217 | 217 | | (4) The term ‘‘operational test and evaluation’’ 8 |
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| 218 | 218 | | has the meaning given that term in section 4171(h) 9 |
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| 219 | 219 | | of title 10, United States Code. 10 |
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| 220 | 220 | | (l) A |
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| 221 | 221 | | UTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 11 |
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| 222 | 222 | | are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of 12 |
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| 223 | 223 | | Defense $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2024 to carry out this 13 |
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| 224 | 224 | | section. 14 |
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| 225 | 225 | | SEC. 2. FRAMEWORK FOR CLASSIFICATION OF AUTONO-15 |
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| 226 | 226 | | MOUS CAPABILITIES. 16 |
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| 227 | 227 | | (a) I |
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| 228 | 228 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 17 |
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| 229 | 229 | | date on which Joint Autonomy Office is established pursu-18 |
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| 230 | 230 | | ant to section 1, the Director of the Office, in consultation 19 |
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| 231 | 231 | | with the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, the Under 20 |
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| 232 | 232 | | Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, the 21 |
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| 233 | 233 | | commanders of the combatant commands, and the Secre-22 |
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| 234 | 234 | | taries of the military departments, shall establish a De-23 |
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| 235 | 235 | | partment-wide classification framework for autonomous 24 |
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| 236 | 236 | | capabilities. 25 |
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| 240 | 240 | | (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the framework re-1 |
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| 241 | 241 | | quired under subsection (a) shall be to facilitate the devel-2 |
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| 242 | 242 | | opment of a common understanding within the Depart-3 |
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| 243 | 243 | | ment of Defense of autonomous capabilities and related 4 |
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| 244 | 244 | | operational requirements to better plan for, resource, and 5 |
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| 245 | 245 | | integrate appropriate autonomy-enabling hardware and 6 |
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| 246 | 246 | | software into current and future systems across the De-7 |
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| 247 | 247 | | partment. 8 |
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| 248 | 248 | | (c) A |
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| 249 | 249 | | UTONOMYCLASSIFICATIONFRAMEWORK.—At a 9 |
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| 250 | 250 | | minimum, the framework required under subsection (a) 10 |
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| 251 | 251 | | shall— 11 |
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| 252 | 252 | | (1) include multiple levels of increasingly com-12 |
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| 253 | 253 | | plex autonomous maneuver capability with a focus 13 |
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| 254 | 254 | | on classifying necessary levels of human supervision 14 |
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| 255 | 255 | | or control during operational use; 15 |
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| 256 | 256 | | (2) apply to current and future autonomous 16 |
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| 257 | 257 | | systems operating across land, air, maritime, and 17 |
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| 258 | 258 | | space domains; 18 |
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| 259 | 259 | | (3) include estimates of costs necessary to 19 |
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| 260 | 260 | | achieve specific levels of autonomous capability; and 20 |
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| 261 | 261 | | (4) include— 21 |
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| 262 | 262 | | (A) operational requirements including 22 |
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| 263 | 263 | | necessary levels of survivability in GPS- or com-23 |
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| 264 | 264 | | munications-denied environments; 24 |
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| 268 | 268 | | (B) specific operational or engagement sce-1 |
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| 269 | 269 | | narios; and 2 |
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| 270 | 270 | | (C) necessary levels of teaming with other 3 |
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| 271 | 271 | | autonomous systems. 4 |
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| 272 | 272 | | (d) P |
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| 273 | 273 | | ROGRESSREPORT.—Not later than 30 days 5 |
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| 274 | 274 | | after the establishment of the framework under subsection 6 |
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| 275 | 275 | | (a), the Director of the Joint Autonomy Office shall sub-7 |
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| 276 | 276 | | mit to the congressional defense committees a report that 8 |
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| 277 | 277 | | includes a description of the framework and the specific 9 |
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| 278 | 278 | | methodologies, criteria, and operational requirements used 10 |
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| 279 | 279 | | to develop the classifications under the framework. 11 |
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| 280 | 280 | | (e) R |
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| 281 | 281 | | EGULARREASSESSMENT.— 12 |
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| 282 | 282 | | (1) I |
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| 283 | 283 | | N GENERAL.—Not less frequently than 13 |
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| 284 | 284 | | once every two years, Director of the Joint Auton-14 |
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| 285 | 285 | | omy Office shall reassess and update the classifica-15 |
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| 286 | 286 | | tion framework required under subsection (a) to en-16 |
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| 287 | 287 | | sure the framework incorporates recent develop-17 |
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| 288 | 288 | | ments in technology, standards, and operational re-18 |
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| 289 | 289 | | quirements relating to autonomous capabilities. 19 |
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| 290 | 290 | | (2) B |
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| 291 | 291 | | RIEFING.—Not later than 30 days of the 20 |
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| 292 | 292 | | completion of each reassessment under paragraph 21 |
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| 293 | 293 | | (1), the Director of the Joint Autonomy Office shall 22 |
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| 294 | 294 | | provide to the congressional defense committees a 23 |
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| 295 | 295 | | briefing on the results of the reassessment and any 24 |
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| 299 | 299 | | resulting revisions to the classification framework 1 |
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| 300 | 300 | | under subsection (a). 2 |
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| 301 | 301 | | (f) I |
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| 302 | 302 | | MPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 90 days after 3 |
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| 303 | 303 | | the establishment of the framework under subsection (a), 4 |
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| 304 | 304 | | the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy shall issue in-5 |
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| 305 | 305 | | structions to the military services to implement such 6 |
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| 306 | 306 | | framework by operationalizing the use of the framework 7 |
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| 307 | 307 | | in the planning and budgeting processes of individual pro-8 |
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| 308 | 308 | | gram offices. 9 |
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| 309 | 309 | | SEC. 3. PLAN FOR INTEGRATION OF AUTONOMOUS CAPA-10 |
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| 310 | 310 | | BILITIES INTO SYSTEMS OF THE DEPART-11 |
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| 311 | 311 | | MENT OF DEFENSE. 12 |
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| 312 | 312 | | (a) P |
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| 313 | 313 | | LANREQUIRED.—Not later than one year after 13 |
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| 314 | 314 | | the date on which Joint Autonomy Office is established 14 |
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| 315 | 315 | | pursuant to section 1, the Director of the Joint Autonomy 15 |
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| 316 | 316 | | Office shall develop and implement a plan and procedures 16 |
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| 317 | 317 | | to standardize the planning, resourcing, and integration 17 |
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| 318 | 318 | | efforts with respect to autonomous capabilities for current 18 |
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| 319 | 319 | | and future systems across the Department. 19 |
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| 320 | 320 | | (b) E |
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| 321 | 321 | | LEMENTS.—The plan required under subsection 20 |
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| 322 | 322 | | (a) shall include the following: 21 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (1) A Department-wide assessment of the sta-22 |
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| 324 | 324 | | tus of efforts to resource and integrate autonomy 23 |
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| 325 | 325 | | software into current and future systems, includ-24 |
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| 326 | 326 | | ing— 25 |
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| 330 | 330 | | (A) the identification of current and future 1 |
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| 331 | 331 | | systems across the Department which can be 2 |
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| 332 | 332 | | integrated with autonomy software to enable 3 |
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| 333 | 333 | | continuous operational capability of such sys-4 |
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| 334 | 334 | | tems in GPS- or communications-denied envi-5 |
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| 335 | 335 | | ronments, including those systems identified in 6 |
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| 336 | 336 | | the report required by section 246 of the Na-7 |
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| 337 | 337 | | tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 8 |
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| 338 | 338 | | Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 135 Stat. 9 |
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| 339 | 339 | | 1622); and 10 |
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| 340 | 340 | | (B) an assessment of gaps in— 11 |
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| 341 | 341 | | (i) program funding related to the ac-12 |
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| 342 | 342 | | quisition of autonomy software; 13 |
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| 343 | 343 | | (ii) acquisition processes, including 14 |
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| 344 | 344 | | the planning, programming, budgeting, 15 |
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| 345 | 345 | | and execution process for acquiring and in-16 |
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| 346 | 346 | | tegrating autonomy-enabling capabilities 17 |
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| 347 | 347 | | across relevant programs of record; 18 |
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| 348 | 348 | | (iii) training capabilities; 19 |
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| 349 | 349 | | (iv) testing, evaluation, verification, 20 |
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| 350 | 350 | | and validation capabilities in all environ-21 |
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| 351 | 351 | | ments, including virtual and real world en-22 |
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| 352 | 352 | | vironments; and 23 |
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| 353 | 353 | | (v) efforts to test, resource, and scale 24 |
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| 354 | 354 | | commercially available technologies. 25 |
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| 358 | 358 | | (2) A plan to address, to the maximum extent 1 |
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| 359 | 359 | | practicable, the gaps assessed in paragraph (1), in-2 |
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| 360 | 360 | | cluding— 3 |
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| 361 | 361 | | (A) updated procedures to plan for auton-4 |
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| 362 | 362 | | omy software costs at the onset of the acquisi-5 |
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| 363 | 363 | | tion life cycle; 6 |
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| 364 | 364 | | (B) plans to include in greater detail the 7 |
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| 365 | 365 | | projected autonomy software costs for applica-8 |
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| 366 | 366 | | ble programs of record within period covered by 9 |
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| 367 | 367 | | the Future Years Defense Program; and 10 |
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| 368 | 368 | | (C) plans to standardize the acquisition of 11 |
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| 369 | 369 | | autonomy software for programs of record 12 |
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| 370 | 370 | | across the military services including the use of 13 |
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| 371 | 371 | | the capability classification framework required 14 |
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| 372 | 372 | | in section 2 of this Act. 15 |
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| 373 | 373 | | (c) C |
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| 374 | 374 | | ONSULTATION.—The Director of the Joint Au-16 |
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| 375 | 375 | | tonomy Office shall develop the plan under subsection (a) 17 |
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| 376 | 376 | | in consultation with— 18 |
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| 377 | 377 | | (1) the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisi-19 |
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| 378 | 378 | | tion and Sustainment; 20 |
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| 379 | 379 | | (2) the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence 21 |
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| 380 | 380 | | Officer; 22 |
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| 381 | 381 | | (3) the Joint Chiefs of Staff; 23 |
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| 382 | 382 | | (4) the senior acquisition executive of each mili-24 |
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| 383 | 383 | | tary service; 25 |
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| 386 | 386 | | •HR 3168 IH |
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| 387 | 387 | | (5) the commanders of the combatant com-1 |
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| 388 | 388 | | mands; and 2 |
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| 389 | 389 | | (6) such other organizations and elements of 3 |
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| 390 | 390 | | the Department of Defense as the Director deter-4 |
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| 391 | 391 | | mines appropriate. 5 |
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| 392 | 392 | | (d) R |
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| 393 | 393 | | EPORT.— 6 |
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| 394 | 394 | | (1) I |
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| 395 | 395 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 7 |
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| 396 | 396 | | the completion of the plan under subsection (a), the 8 |
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| 397 | 397 | | Director of the Joint Autonomy Office shall submit 9 |
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| 398 | 398 | | to the congressional defense committees a report 10 |
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| 399 | 399 | | that describes the specific elements of the plan. 11 |
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| 400 | 400 | | (2) F |
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| 401 | 401 | | ORM.—The report under paragraph (1) 12 |
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| 402 | 402 | | shall be submitted in unclassified form but may con-13 |
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| 403 | 403 | | tain a classified annex. 14 |
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| 404 | 404 | | Æ |
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