Us Congress 2023-2024 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB1878 Compare Versions

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11 II
22 118THCONGRESS
33 1
44 STSESSION S. 1878
55 To increase the number of judgeships for the United States Court of Appeals
66 for the Ninth Circuit and certain district courts of the United States,
77 and for other purposes.
88 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
99 JUNE8, 2023
1010 Mr. S
1111 ULLIVAN(for himself, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. DAINES, Ms. MURKOWSKI, and
1212 Mr. R
1313 ISCH) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and re-
1414 ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary
1515 A BILL
1616 To increase the number of judgeships for the United States
1717 Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and certain dis-
1818 trict courts of the United States, and for other purposes.
1919 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
2020 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
2121 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
2222 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Judicial Efficiency Im-4
2323 provement Act’’. 5
2424 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 6
2525 In this Act: 7
2626 (1) F
2727 ORMER NINTH CIRCUIT .—The term 8
2828 ‘‘former ninth circuit’’ means the ninth judicial cir-9
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3232 cuit of the United States as in existence on the day 1
3333 before the effective date of this Act. 2
3434 (2) N
3535 EW NINTH CIRCUIT .—The term ‘‘new 3
3636 ninth circuit’’ means the ninth judicial circuit of the 4
3737 United States established by the amendment made 5
3838 by section 3(2)(A). 6
3939 (3) T
4040 WELFTH CIRCUIT.—The term ‘‘twelfth cir-7
4141 cuit’’ means the twelfth judicial circuit of the United 8
4242 States established by the amendment made by sec-9
4343 tion 3(2)(B). 10
4444 SEC. 3. NUMBER AND COMPOSITION OF CIRCUITS. 11
4545 Section 41 of title 28, United States Code, is amend-12
4646 ed— 13
4747 (1) in the matter preceding the table, by strik-14
4848 ing ‘‘thirteen’’ and inserting ‘‘fourteen’’; and 15
4949 (2) in the table— 16
5050 (A) by striking the item relating to the 17
5151 ninth circuit and inserting the following: 18
5252 ‘‘Ninth ........................................... California, Guam, Hawaii, Northern
5353 Mariana Islands.’’;
5454 and 19
5555 (B) by inserting after the item relating to 20
5656 the eleventh circuit the following: 21
5757 ‘‘Twelfth ........................................ Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Ne-
5858 vada, Oregon, Washington.’’.
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6262 SEC. 4. CIRCUIT COURT JUDGESHIPS. 1
6363 (a) N
6464 EWJUDGESHIPS.—The President shall appoint, 2
6565 by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 2 addi-3
6666 tional circuit judges for the new ninth circuit, whose offi-4
6767 cial duty station shall be in California. 5
6868 (b) E
6969 FFECTIVEDATE.—This section shall take effect 6
7070 on the date of enactment of this Act. 7
7171 SEC. 5. NUMBER OF CIRCUIT JUDGES. 8
7272 The table in section 44(a) of title 28, United States 9
7373 Code, is amended— 10
7474 (1) by striking the item relating to the ninth 11
7575 circuit and inserting the following: 12
7676 ‘‘Ninth ..................................................................................................... 18’’;
7777 and 13
7878 (2) by inserting after the item relating to the 14
7979 eleventh circuit the following: 15
8080 ‘‘Twelfth .................................................................................................. 13’’.
8181 SEC. 6. PLACES OF CIRCUIT COURT.
8282 16
8383 The table in section 48(a) of title 28, United States 17
8484 Code, is amended— 18
8585 (1) by striking the item relating to the ninth 19
8686 circuit and inserting the following: 20
8787 ‘‘Ninth ........................................... Honolulu, Pasadena, San Fran-
8888 cisco.’’;
8989 and 21
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9393 (2) by inserting after the item relating to the 1
9494 eleventh circuit the following: 2
9595 ‘‘Twelfth ........................................ Las Vegas, Phoenix, Portland, Se-
9696 attle.’’.
9797 SEC. 7. LOCATION OF TWELFTH CIRCUIT HEADQUARTERS.
9898 3
9999 The offices of the Circuit Executive of the Twelfth 4
100100 Circuit and the Clerk of the Court of the Twelfth Circuit 5
101101 shall be located in Seattle, Washington. 6
102102 SEC. 8. ASSIGNMENT OF CIRCUIT JUDGES. 7
103103 Each circuit judge of the former ninth circuit who 8
104104 is in regular active service and whose official duty station 9
105105 on the day before the effective date of this Act— 10
106106 (1) is in California, Guam, Hawaii, or the 11
107107 Northern Mariana Islands shall be a circuit judge of 12
108108 the new ninth circuit as of that effective date; and 13
109109 (2) is in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Ne-14
110110 vada, Oregon, or Washington shall be a circuit judge 15
111111 of the twelfth circuit as of that effective date. 16
112112 SEC. 9. ELECTION OF ASSIGNMENT BY SENIOR JUDGES. 17
113113 Each judge who is a senior circuit judge of the former 18
114114 ninth circuit on the day before the effective date of this 19
115115 Act— 20
116116 (1) may elect to be assigned to the new ninth 21
117117 circuit or the twelfth circuit as of that effective date; 22
118118 and 23
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122122 (2) shall notify the Director of the Administra-1
123123 tive Office of the United States Courts of the elec-2
124124 tion made under paragraph (1). 3
125125 SEC. 10. SENIORITY OF JUDGES. 4
126126 The seniority of each judge who is assigned under 5
127127 section 8 or elects to be assigned under section 9 shall 6
128128 run from the date of commission of the judge as a judge 7
129129 of the former ninth circuit. 8
130130 SEC. 11. APPLICATION TO CASES. 9
131131 The following apply to any case in which, on the day 10
132132 before the effective date of this Act, an appeal or other 11
133133 proceeding has been filed with the former ninth circuit: 12
134134 (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if the 13
135135 matter has been submitted for decision, further pro-14
136136 ceedings with respect to the matter shall be had in 15
137137 the same manner and with the same effect as if this 16
138138 Act had not been enacted. 17
139139 (2) If the matter has not been submitted for de-18
140140 cision, the appeal or proceeding, together with the 19
141141 original papers, printed records, and record entries 20
142142 duly certified, shall, by appropriate orders, be trans-21
143143 ferred to the court to which the matter would have 22
144144 been submitted had this Act been in full force and 23
145145 effect on the date on which the appeal was taken or 24
146146 other proceeding commenced, and further pro-25
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150150 ceedings with respect to the case shall be had in the 1
151151 same manner and with the same effect as if the ap-2
152152 peal or other proceeding had been filed in that court. 3
153153 (3) If a petition for rehearing en banc is pend-4
154154 ing on or after the effective date of this Act, the pe-5
155155 tition shall be considered by the court of appeals to 6
156156 which the petition would have been submitted had 7
157157 this Act been in full force and effect on the date on 8
158158 which the appeal or other proceeding was filed with 9
159159 the court of appeals. 10
160160 SEC. 12. TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENT OF CIRCUIT JUDGES 11
161161 AMONG CIRCUITS. 12
162162 Section 291 of title 28, United States Code, is 13
163163 amended by adding at the end the following: 14
164164 ‘‘(c) The chief judge of the United States Court of 15
165165 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit may, in the public interest 16
166166 and upon request by the chief judge of the United States 17
167167 Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit, designate and 18
168168 assign temporarily any circuit judge of the Ninth Circuit 19
169169 to act as circuit judge in the Twelfth Circuit. 20
170170 ‘‘(d) The chief judge of the United States Court of 21
171171 Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit may, in the public interest 22
172172 and upon request by the chief judge of the United States 23
173173 Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, designate and as-24
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177177 sign temporarily any circuit judge of the Twelfth Circuit 1
178178 to act as circuit judge in the Ninth Circuit.’’. 2
179179 SEC. 13. TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISTRICT JUDGES 3
180180 AMONG CIRCUITS. 4
181181 Section 292 of title 28, United States Code, is 5
182182 amended by adding at the end the following: 6
183183 ‘‘(f) The chief judge of the United States Court of 7
184184 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit may in the public interest— 8
185185 ‘‘(1) upon request by the chief judge of the 9
186186 United States Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Cir-10
187187 cuit, designate and assign one or more district 11
188188 judges of the Ninth Circuit to sit upon the Court of 12
189189 Appeals of the Twelfth Circuit, or a division thereof, 13
190190 whenever the business of that court so requires; and 14
191191 ‘‘(2) designate and assign temporarily any dis-15
192192 trict judge of the Ninth Circuit to hold a district 16
193193 court in any district within the Twelfth Circuit. 17
194194 ‘‘(g) The chief judge of the United States Court of 18
195195 Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit may in the public inter-19
196196 est— 20
197197 ‘‘(1) upon request by the chief judge of the 21
198198 United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Cir-22
199199 cuit, designate and assign one or more district 23
200200 judges of the Twelfth Circuit to sit upon the Court 24
201201 of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit, or a division there-25
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205205 of, whenever the business of that court so requires; 1
206206 and 2
207207 ‘‘(2) designate and assign temporarily any dis-3
208208 trict judge of the Twelfth Circuit to hold a district 4
209209 court in any district within the Ninth Circuit. 5
210210 ‘‘(h) Any designation or assignment under subsection 6
211211 (f) or (g) shall be in conformity with the rules or orders 7
212212 of the court of appeals of, or the district within, as applica-8
213213 ble, the circuit to which the judge is designated or as-9
214214 signed.’’. 10
215215 SEC. 14. DISTRICT JUDGES FOR THE DISTRICT COURTS. 11
216216 (a) A
217217 DDITIONALJUDGESHIPS.—The President shall 12
218218 appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen-13
219219 ate— 14
220220 (1) 2 additional district judges for the district 15
221221 of Arizona; 16
222222 (2) 9 additional district judges for the central 17
223223 district of California; 18
224224 (3) 4 additional district judges for the eastern 19
225225 district of California; 20
226226 (4) 6 additional district judges for the northern 21
227227 district of California; 22
228228 (5) 2 additional district judges for the southern 23
229229 district of California; 24
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233233 (6) 2 additional district judges for the district 1
234234 of Colorado; 2
235235 (7) 2 additional district judges for the district 3
236236 of Delaware; 4
237237 (8) 5 additional district judges for the middle 5
238238 district of Florida; 6
239239 (9) 1 additional district judge for the northern 7
240240 district of Florida; 8
241241 (10) 3 additional district judges for the south-9
242242 ern district of Florida; 10
243243 (11) 2 additional district judges for the north-11
244244 ern district of Georgia; 12
245245 (12) 1 additional district judge for the district 13
246246 of Idaho; 14
247247 (13) 1 additional district judge for the southern 15
248248 district of Indiana; 16
249249 (14) 1 additional district judge for the northern 17
250250 district of Iowa; 18
251251 (15) 1 additional district judge for the district 19
252252 of Nebraska; 20
253253 (16) 3 additional district judges for the district 21
254254 of New Jersey; 22
255255 (17) 2 additional district judges for the eastern 23
256256 district of New York; 24
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260260 (18) 2 additional district judges for the south-1
261261 ern district of New York; 2
262262 (19) 1 additional district judge for the western 3
263263 district of New York; 4
264264 (20) 2 additional district judges for the eastern 5
265265 district of Oklahoma; 6
266266 (21) 1 additional district judge for the northern 7
267267 district of Oklahoma; 8
268268 (22) 2 additional district judges for the eastern 9
269269 district of Texas; 10
270270 (23) 1 additional district judge for the northern 11
271271 district of Texas; 12
272272 (24) 4 additional district judges for the south-13
273273 ern district of Texas; and 14
274274 (25) 6 additional district judges for the western 15
275275 district of Texas. 16
276276 (b) E
277277 XTENSION OFTEMPORARYJUDGESHIPS.—Sec-17
278278 tion 203(c) of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 18
279279 (Public Law 101–650; 28 U.S.C. 133 note) is amended, 19
280280 in second sentence of the matter following paragraph (12), 20
281281 by striking ‘‘31 years’’ and inserting ‘‘36 years’’. 21
282282 (c) C
283283 ONVERSION OFTEMPORARYJUDGESHIPS.—The 22
284284 existing judgeship for the eastern district of Missouri au-23
285285 thorized by section 203(c) of the Judicial Improvements 24
286286 Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–650; 28 U.S.C. 133 note) 25
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290290 and the existing judgeships for the district of Arizona, the 1
291291 central district of California, the southern district of Flor-2
292292 ida, the district of New Mexico, the western district of 3
293293 North Carolina, and the eastern district of Texas author-4
294294 ized by section 312(c) of the 21st Century Department 5
295295 of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act (Public Law 6
296296 107–273, 28 U.S.C. 133 note), as of the date of enact-7
297297 ment of this Act, shall be authorized under section 133 8
298298 of title 28, United States Code, and the incumbents in 9
299299 those offices shall hold the office under section 133 of title 10
300300 28, United States Code, as amended by this Act. 11
301301 (d) T
302302 ECHNICAL ANDCONFORMINGAMENDMENTS.— 12
303303 The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United 13
304304 States Code, is amended— 14
305305 (1) by striking the item relating to the district 15
306306 of Arizona and inserting the following: 16
307307 ‘‘Arizona ................................................................. 15’’;
308308 (2) by striking the items relating to California 17
309309 and inserting the following: 18
310310 ‘‘California:
311311 Northern ................................................................. 20
312312 Eastern ................................................................... 10
313313 Central .................................................................... 37
314314 Southern ................................................................. 15’’;
315315 (3) by striking the item relating to the district 19
316316 of Colorado and inserting the following: 20
317317 ‘‘Colorado ............................................................... 9’’;
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321321 (4) by striking the item relating to the district 1
322322 of Delaware and inserting the following: 2
323323 ‘‘Delaware ............................................................... 6’’;
324324 (5) by striking the items relating to Florida and 3
325325 inserting the following: 4
326326 ‘‘Florida:
327327 Northern ................................................................. 5
328328 Middle ..................................................................... 20
329329 Southern ................................................................. 21’’;
330330 (6) by striking the items relating to Georgia 5
331331 and inserting the following: 6
332332 ‘‘Georgia:
333333 Northern ................................................................. 13
334334 Middle ..................................................................... 4
335335 Southern ................................................................. 3’’;
336336 (7) by striking the item relating to Idaho and 7
337337 inserting the following: 8
338338 ‘‘Idaho .................................................................... 3’’;
339339 (8) by striking the items relating to Indiana 9
340340 and inserting the following: 10
341341 ‘‘Indiana:
342342 Northern ................................................................. 5
343343 Southern ................................................................. 6’’;
344344 (9) by striking the items relating to Indiana 11
345345 and inserting the following: 12
346346 ‘‘Iowa:
347347 Northern ................................................................. 3
348348 Southern ................................................................. 3’’;
349349 (10) by striking the items relating to Nebraska 13
350350 and inserting the following: 14
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354354 ‘‘Nebraska .............................................................. 4’’;
355355 (11) by striking the item relating to New Jer-1
356356 sey and inserting the following: 2
357357 ‘‘New Jersey ........................................................... 20’’;
358358 (12) by striking the items relating to New York 3
359359 and inserting the following: 4
360360 ‘‘New York:
361361 Southern ................................................................. 30
362362 Eastern ................................................................... 17
363363 Western .................................................................. 5’’;
364364 (13) by striking the items relating to Oklahoma 5
365365 and inserting the following: 6
366366 ‘‘North Carolina:
367367 Eastern ................................................................... 3.5
368368 Northern ................................................................. 4.5’’;
369369 and 7
370370 (14) by striking the items relating to Texas and 8
371371 inserting the following: 9
372372 ‘‘Texas:
373373 Northern ................................................................. 13
374374 Southern ................................................................. 23
375375 Eastern ................................................................... 10
376376 Western .................................................................. 19’’.
377377 SEC. 15. ADMINISTRATION.
378378 10
379379 (a) T
380380 RANSITIONAUTHORITY.—The court of appeals 11
381381 for the ninth circuit as constituted on the day before the 12
382382 effective date of this Act may take any administrative ac-13
383383 tion that is required to carry out this Act and the amend-14
384384 ments made by this Act. 15
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388388 (b) ADMINISTRATIVETERMINATION.—The court de-1
389389 scribed in subsection (a) shall cease to exist for adminis-2
390390 trative purposes 2 years after the date of enactment of 3
391391 this Act. 4
392392 SEC. 16. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 5
393393 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 6
394394 as may be necessary to carry out this Act, including funds 7
395395 for additional court facilities. 8
396396 SEC. 17. EFFECTIVE DATE. 9
397397 Except as provided in section 4(c), this Act and the 10
398398 amendments made by this Act shall take effect 1 year 11
399399 after the date of enactment of this Act. 12
400400 Æ
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