1 | 1 | | II |
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2 | 2 | | 118THCONGRESS |
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3 | 3 | | 1 |
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4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 3495 |
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5 | 5 | | To improve the classification and declassification of national security |
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6 | 6 | | information, and for other purposes. |
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7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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8 | 8 | | DECEMBER13, 2023 |
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9 | 9 | | Mr. C |
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10 | 10 | | ORNYN(for himself, Mr. WARNER, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. LANKFORD, Mr. |
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11 | 11 | | M |
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12 | 12 | | ORAN, and Mr. KING) introduced the following bill; which was read |
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13 | 13 | | twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern- |
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14 | 14 | | mental Affairs |
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15 | 15 | | A BILL |
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16 | 16 | | To improve the classification and declassification of national |
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17 | 17 | | security information, and for other purposes. |
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18 | 18 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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19 | 19 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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20 | 20 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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21 | 21 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Amended Sensible 4 |
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22 | 22 | | Classification Act of 2023’’. 5 |
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23 | 23 | | SEC. 2. PROMOTING EFFICIENT DECLASSIFICATION RE-6 |
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24 | 24 | | VIEW. 7 |
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25 | 25 | | (a) I |
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26 | 26 | | NGENERAL.—Whenever an agency is processing 8 |
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27 | 27 | | a request pursuant to section 552 of title 5, United States 9 |
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29 | 29 | | •S 3495 IS |
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30 | 30 | | Code (commonly known as the ‘‘Freedom of Information 1 |
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31 | 31 | | Act’’) or the mandatory declassification review provisions 2 |
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32 | 32 | | of Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. 3161 note; relating 3 |
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33 | 33 | | to classified national security information), or successor 4 |
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34 | 34 | | order, and identifies responsive classified records that are 5 |
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35 | 35 | | more than 25 years of age as of December 31 of the year 6 |
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36 | 36 | | in which the request is received, the head of the agency 7 |
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37 | 37 | | shall, in accordance with existing processes to protect na-8 |
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38 | 38 | | tional security under the Freedom of Information Act and 9 |
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39 | 39 | | the mandatory review provisions of Executive Order 10 |
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40 | 40 | | 13526, review the record and process the record for de-11 |
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41 | 41 | | classification and release by the National Declassification 12 |
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42 | 42 | | Center of the National Archives and Records Administra-13 |
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43 | 43 | | tion, unless the head of agency— 14 |
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44 | 44 | | (1) makes a certification to Congress, including 15 |
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45 | 45 | | the congressional intelligence committees, the Com-16 |
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46 | 46 | | mittee on Armed Services, the Committee on Home-17 |
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47 | 47 | | land Security and Governmental Affairs, the Com-18 |
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48 | 48 | | mittee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the 19 |
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49 | 49 | | Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on 20 |
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50 | 50 | | Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and 21 |
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51 | 51 | | Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 22 |
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52 | 52 | | and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 23 |
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53 | 53 | | Representatives, that the declassification of certain 24 |
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54 | 54 | | components within the record would be harmful to 25 |
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56 | 56 | | •S 3495 IS |
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57 | 57 | | the protection of sources and methods or national 1 |
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58 | 58 | | security, pursuant to existing processes; and 2 |
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59 | 59 | | (2) provides an explanation to Congress, includ-3 |
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60 | 60 | | ing the congressional intelligence committees, the 4 |
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61 | 61 | | Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 5 |
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62 | 62 | | Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the 6 |
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63 | 63 | | Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 7 |
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64 | 64 | | the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on 8 |
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65 | 65 | | Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and 9 |
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66 | 66 | | Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 10 |
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67 | 67 | | and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 11 |
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68 | 68 | | Representatives, for such certification. 12 |
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69 | 69 | | (b) A |
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70 | 70 | | PPLICATION.—Subsection (a) shall apply re-13 |
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71 | 71 | | gardless of whether or not the record described in such 14 |
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72 | 72 | | subsection is in the legal custody of the National Archives 15 |
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73 | 73 | | and Records Administration. 16 |
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74 | 74 | | SEC. 3. TRAINING TO PROMOTE SENSIBLE CLASSIFICA-17 |
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75 | 75 | | TION. 18 |
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76 | 76 | | (a) D |
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77 | 77 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 19 |
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78 | 78 | | (1) O |
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79 | 79 | | VER-CLASSIFICATION.—The term ‘‘over- 20 |
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80 | 80 | | classification’’ means classification at a level that ex-21 |
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81 | 81 | | ceeds the minimum level of classification that is suf-22 |
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82 | 82 | | ficient to protect the national security of the United 23 |
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83 | 83 | | States. 24 |
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85 | 85 | | •S 3495 IS |
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86 | 86 | | (2) SENSIBLE CLASSIFICATION .—The term 1 |
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87 | 87 | | ‘‘sensible classification’’ means classification at a 2 |
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88 | 88 | | level that is the minimum level of classification that 3 |
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89 | 89 | | is sufficient to protect the national security of the 4 |
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90 | 90 | | United States. 5 |
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91 | 91 | | (b) T |
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92 | 92 | | RAININGREQUIRED.—Each head of an agency 6 |
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93 | 93 | | with classification authority shall conduct training for em-7 |
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94 | 94 | | ployees of the agency with classification authority to hold 8 |
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95 | 95 | | employees accountable for over-classification and to pro-9 |
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96 | 96 | | mote sensible classification. 10 |
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97 | 97 | | SEC. 4. IMPROVEMENTS TO PUBLIC INTEREST DECLAS-11 |
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98 | 98 | | SIFICATION BOARD. 12 |
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99 | 99 | | Section 703 of the Public Interest Declassification 13 |
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100 | 100 | | Act of 2000 (50 U.S.C. 3355a) is amended— 14 |
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101 | 101 | | (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 15 |
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102 | 102 | | following: 16 |
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103 | 103 | | ‘‘(5) A member of the Board whose term has expired 17 |
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104 | 104 | | may continue to serve until the earlier of— 18 |
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105 | 105 | | ‘‘(A) the date that a successor is appointed and 19 |
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106 | 106 | | sworn in; and 20 |
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107 | 107 | | ‘‘(B) the date that is 1 year after the date of 21 |
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108 | 108 | | the expiration of the term. 22 |
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109 | 109 | | ‘‘(6) Not later than 30 days after the date on which 23 |
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110 | 110 | | the term of a member of the Board ends, the appointing 24 |
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112 | 112 | | •S 3495 IS |
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113 | 113 | | authority of the member shall submit to Congress a plan 1 |
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114 | 114 | | to appoint a successor.’’; and 2 |
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115 | 115 | | (2) in subsection (f)— 3 |
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116 | 116 | | (A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘Any em-4 |
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117 | 117 | | ployee’’; and 5 |
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118 | 118 | | (B) by adding at the end the following: 6 |
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119 | 119 | | ‘‘(2) In addition to any employees detailed to the 7 |
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120 | 120 | | Board under paragraph (1), the Board may, subject to 8 |
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121 | 121 | | the availability of funds, hire not more than 12 staff mem-9 |
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122 | 122 | | bers.’’. 10 |
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123 | 123 | | SEC. 5. IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR CLASSI-11 |
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124 | 124 | | FICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION. 12 |
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125 | 125 | | (a) I |
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126 | 126 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 13 |
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127 | 127 | | date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 14 |
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128 | 128 | | the Office of Electronic Government (in this section re-15 |
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129 | 129 | | ferred to as the ‘‘Administrator’’) shall, in consultation 16 |
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130 | 130 | | with the Secretary of Defense, the Director of the Central 17 |
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131 | 131 | | Intelligence Agency, the Director of National Intelligence, 18 |
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132 | 132 | | the Public Interest Declassification Board, the Director of 19 |
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133 | 133 | | the Information Security Oversight Office, and the head 20 |
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134 | 134 | | of the National Declassification Center of the National Ar-21 |
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135 | 135 | | chives and Records Administration— 22 |
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136 | 136 | | (1) research a technology-based solutions— 23 |
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137 | 137 | | (A) to support efficient and effective sys-24 |
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138 | 138 | | tems for classification and declassification; and 25 |
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140 | 140 | | •S 3495 IS |
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141 | 141 | | (B) to be implemented on an interoperable 1 |
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142 | 142 | | and federated basis across the Federal Govern-2 |
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143 | 143 | | ment; and 3 |
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144 | 144 | | (2) submit to the President and Congress, in-4 |
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145 | 145 | | cluding the congressional intelligence committees, 5 |
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146 | 146 | | the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee 6 |
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147 | 147 | | on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 7 |
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148 | 148 | | the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee 8 |
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149 | 149 | | on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee 9 |
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150 | 150 | | on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and 10 |
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151 | 151 | | Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 11 |
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152 | 152 | | and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 12 |
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153 | 153 | | Representatives, recommendations regarding a tech-13 |
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154 | 154 | | nology-based solutions described in paragraph (1). 14 |
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155 | 155 | | (b) R |
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156 | 156 | | EPORT.—Not later than 540 days after the date 15 |
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157 | 157 | | of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 16 |
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158 | 158 | | to Congress a classified report describing actions taken to 17 |
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159 | 159 | | implement the recommendations under subsection (a)(2). 18 |
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160 | 160 | | SEC. 6. STUDIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON NECESSITY 19 |
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161 | 161 | | OF SECURITY CLEARANCES. 20 |
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162 | 162 | | (a) A |
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163 | 163 | | GENCYSTUDIES ONNECESSITY OFSECURITY 21 |
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164 | 164 | | C |
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165 | 165 | | LEARANCES.— 22 |
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166 | 166 | | (1) S |
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167 | 167 | | TUDIES REQUIRED .—The head of each 23 |
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168 | 168 | | agency that grants security clearances to personnel 24 |
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170 | 170 | | •S 3495 IS |
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171 | 171 | | of such agency shall conduct a study on the neces-1 |
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172 | 172 | | sity of such clearances. 2 |
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173 | 173 | | (2) R |
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174 | 174 | | EPORTS REQUIRED.— 3 |
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175 | 175 | | (A) I |
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176 | 176 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 4 |
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177 | 177 | | after the date of the enactment of this Act, 5 |
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178 | 178 | | each head of an agency that conducts a study 6 |
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179 | 179 | | under paragraph (1) shall submit to Congress, 7 |
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180 | 180 | | including the congressional intelligence commit-8 |
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181 | 181 | | tees, the Committee on Armed Services, the 9 |
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182 | 182 | | Committee on Homeland Security and Govern-10 |
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183 | 183 | | mental Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Rela-11 |
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184 | 184 | | tions, the Committee on the Judiciary of the 12 |
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185 | 185 | | Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services, 13 |
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186 | 186 | | the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, 14 |
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187 | 187 | | the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 15 |
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188 | 188 | | Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 16 |
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189 | 189 | | Representatives, a report on the findings of the 17 |
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190 | 190 | | agency head with respect to such study, which 18 |
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191 | 191 | | the agency head may classify as appropriate. 19 |
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192 | 192 | | (B) R |
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193 | 193 | | EQUIRED ELEMENTS .—Each report 20 |
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194 | 194 | | submitted by the head of an agency under sub-21 |
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195 | 195 | | paragraph (A) shall include, for such agency, 22 |
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196 | 196 | | the following: 23 |
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198 | 198 | | •S 3495 IS |
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199 | 199 | | (i) The number of personnel eligible 1 |
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200 | 200 | | for access to information up to the ‘‘Top 2 |
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201 | 201 | | Secret’’ level. 3 |
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202 | 202 | | (ii) The number of personnel eligible 4 |
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203 | 203 | | for access to information up to the ‘‘Se-5 |
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204 | 204 | | cret’’ level. 6 |
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205 | 205 | | (iii) Information on any reduction in 7 |
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206 | 206 | | the number of personnel eligible for access 8 |
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207 | 207 | | to classified information based on the 9 |
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208 | 208 | | study conducted under paragraph (1). 10 |
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209 | 209 | | (iv) A description of how the agency 11 |
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210 | 210 | | head will ensure that the number of secu-12 |
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211 | 211 | | rity clearances granted by such agency will 13 |
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212 | 212 | | be kept to the minimum required for the 14 |
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213 | 213 | | conduct of agency functions, commensurate 15 |
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214 | 214 | | with the size, needs, and mission of the 16 |
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215 | 215 | | agency. 17 |
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216 | 216 | | (3) I |
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217 | 217 | | NDUSTRY.—This subsection shall apply to 18 |
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218 | 218 | | the Secretary of Defense in the Secretary’s capacity 19 |
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219 | 219 | | as the Executive Agent for the National Industrial 20 |
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220 | 220 | | Security Program, and the Secretary shall treat con-21 |
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221 | 221 | | tractors, licensees, and grantees as personnel of the 22 |
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222 | 222 | | Department of Defense for purposes of the studies 23 |
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223 | 223 | | and reports required by this subsection. 24 |
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225 | 225 | | •S 3495 IS |
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226 | 226 | | (b) DIRECTOR OFNATIONALINTELLIGENCEREVIEW 1 |
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227 | 227 | | OFSENSITIVECOMPARTMENTED INFORMATION.—Not 2 |
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228 | 228 | | later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this 3 |
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229 | 229 | | Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall— 4 |
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230 | 230 | | (1) review the number of personnel eligible for 5 |
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231 | 231 | | access to sensitive compartmented information; and 6 |
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232 | 232 | | (2) submit to Congress, including the congres-7 |
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233 | 233 | | sional intelligence committees, the Committee on 8 |
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234 | 234 | | Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-9 |
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235 | 235 | | rity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 10 |
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236 | 236 | | Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary 11 |
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237 | 237 | | of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Serv-12 |
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238 | 238 | | ices, the Committee on Oversight and Account-13 |
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239 | 239 | | ability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 14 |
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240 | 240 | | Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-15 |
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241 | 241 | | resentatives, a report on how the Director will en-16 |
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242 | 242 | | sure that the number of such personnel is limited to 17 |
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243 | 243 | | the minimum required. 18 |
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244 | 244 | | (c) A |
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245 | 245 | | GENCYREVIEW OFSPECIALACCESSPRO-19 |
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246 | 246 | | GRAMS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enact-20 |
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247 | 247 | | ment of this Act, each head of an agency who is authorized 21 |
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248 | 248 | | to establish a special access program by Executive Order 22 |
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249 | 249 | | 13526 (50 U.S.C. 3161 note; relating to classified na-23 |
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250 | 250 | | tional security information), or successor order, shall— 24 |
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252 | 252 | | •S 3495 IS |
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253 | 253 | | (1) review the number of personnel of the agen-1 |
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254 | 254 | | cy eligible for access to such special access pro-2 |
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255 | 255 | | grams; and 3 |
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256 | 256 | | (2) submit to Congress, including the congres-4 |
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257 | 257 | | sional intelligence committees, the Committee on 5 |
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258 | 258 | | Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-6 |
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259 | 259 | | rity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 7 |
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260 | 260 | | Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary 8 |
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261 | 261 | | of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Serv-9 |
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262 | 262 | | ices, the Committee on Oversight and Account-10 |
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263 | 263 | | ability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 11 |
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264 | 264 | | Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-12 |
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265 | 265 | | resentatives, a report on how the agency head will 13 |
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266 | 266 | | ensure that the number of such personnel is limited 14 |
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267 | 267 | | to the minimum required. 15 |
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268 | 268 | | (d) S |
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269 | 269 | | ECRETARY OFENERGYREVIEW OFQ ANDL 16 |
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270 | 270 | | C |
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271 | 271 | | LEARANCES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 17 |
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272 | 272 | | enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall— 18 |
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273 | 273 | | (1) review the number of personnel of the De-19 |
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274 | 274 | | partment of Energy granted Q and L access; and 20 |
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275 | 275 | | (2) submit to Congress, including the congres-21 |
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276 | 276 | | sional intelligence committees, the Committee on 22 |
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277 | 277 | | Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-23 |
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278 | 278 | | rity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 24 |
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279 | 279 | | Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary 25 |
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281 | 281 | | •S 3495 IS |
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282 | 282 | | of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Serv-1 |
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283 | 283 | | ices, the Committee on Oversight and Account-2 |
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284 | 284 | | ability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 3 |
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285 | 285 | | Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-4 |
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286 | 286 | | resentatives, a report on how the Secretary will en-5 |
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287 | 287 | | sure that the number of such personnel is limited to 6 |
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288 | 288 | | the minimum required 7 |
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289 | 289 | | (e) I |
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290 | 290 | | NDEPENDENT REVIEWS.—Not later than 180 8 |
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291 | 291 | | days after the date on which a study is completed under 9 |
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292 | 292 | | subsection (a) or a review is completed under subsections 10 |
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293 | 293 | | (b) through (d), the Director of the Office of Management 11 |
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294 | 294 | | and Budget shall each review the study or review, as the 12 |
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295 | 295 | | case may be. 13 |
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296 | 296 | | SEC. 7. DEFINITION OF CONGRESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE 14 |
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297 | 297 | | COMMITTEES. 15 |
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298 | 298 | | In this Act, the term ‘‘congressional intelligence com-16 |
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299 | 299 | | mittees’’ has the meaning given such term in section 3 17 |
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300 | 300 | | of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003). 18 |
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301 | 301 | | Æ |
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