Us Congress 2023-2024 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB3495 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
OldNewDifferences
11 II
22 118THCONGRESS
33 1
44 STSESSION S. 3495
55 To improve the classification and declassification of national security
66 information, and for other purposes.
77 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
88 DECEMBER13, 2023
99 Mr. C
1010 ORNYN(for himself, Mr. WARNER, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. LANKFORD, Mr.
1111 M
1212 ORAN, and Mr. KING) introduced the following bill; which was read
1313 twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern-
1414 mental Affairs
1515 A BILL
1616 To improve the classification and declassification of national
1717 security information, and for other purposes.
1818 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
1919 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
2020 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
2121 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Amended Sensible 4
2222 Classification Act of 2023’’. 5
2323 SEC. 2. PROMOTING EFFICIENT DECLASSIFICATION RE-6
2424 VIEW. 7
2525 (a) I
2626 NGENERAL.—Whenever an agency is processing 8
2727 a request pursuant to section 552 of title 5, United States 9
2828 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 2
2929 •S 3495 IS
3030 Code (commonly known as the ‘‘Freedom of Information 1
3131 Act’’) or the mandatory declassification review provisions 2
3232 of Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. 3161 note; relating 3
3333 to classified national security information), or successor 4
3434 order, and identifies responsive classified records that are 5
3535 more than 25 years of age as of December 31 of the year 6
3636 in which the request is received, the head of the agency 7
3737 shall, in accordance with existing processes to protect na-8
3838 tional security under the Freedom of Information Act and 9
3939 the mandatory review provisions of Executive Order 10
4040 13526, review the record and process the record for de-11
4141 classification and release by the National Declassification 12
4242 Center of the National Archives and Records Administra-13
4343 tion, unless the head of agency— 14
4444 (1) makes a certification to Congress, including 15
4545 the congressional intelligence committees, the Com-16
4646 mittee on Armed Services, the Committee on Home-17
4747 land Security and Governmental Affairs, the Com-18
4848 mittee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the 19
4949 Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on 20
5050 Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and 21
5151 Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 22
5252 and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 23
5353 Representatives, that the declassification of certain 24
5454 components within the record would be harmful to 25
5555 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 3
5656 •S 3495 IS
5757 the protection of sources and methods or national 1
5858 security, pursuant to existing processes; and 2
5959 (2) provides an explanation to Congress, includ-3
6060 ing the congressional intelligence committees, the 4
6161 Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 5
6262 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the 6
6363 Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 7
6464 the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on 8
6565 Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and 9
6666 Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 10
6767 and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 11
6868 Representatives, for such certification. 12
6969 (b) A
7070 PPLICATION.—Subsection (a) shall apply re-13
7171 gardless of whether or not the record described in such 14
7272 subsection is in the legal custody of the National Archives 15
7373 and Records Administration. 16
7474 SEC. 3. TRAINING TO PROMOTE SENSIBLE CLASSIFICA-17
7575 TION. 18
7676 (a) D
7777 EFINITIONS.—In this section: 19
7878 (1) O
7979 VER-CLASSIFICATION.—The term ‘‘over- 20
8080 classification’’ means classification at a level that ex-21
8181 ceeds the minimum level of classification that is suf-22
8282 ficient to protect the national security of the United 23
8383 States. 24
8484 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 4
8585 •S 3495 IS
8686 (2) SENSIBLE CLASSIFICATION .—The term 1
8787 ‘‘sensible classification’’ means classification at a 2
8888 level that is the minimum level of classification that 3
8989 is sufficient to protect the national security of the 4
9090 United States. 5
9191 (b) T
9292 RAININGREQUIRED.—Each head of an agency 6
9393 with classification authority shall conduct training for em-7
9494 ployees of the agency with classification authority to hold 8
9595 employees accountable for over-classification and to pro-9
9696 mote sensible classification. 10
9797 SEC. 4. IMPROVEMENTS TO PUBLIC INTEREST DECLAS-11
9898 SIFICATION BOARD. 12
9999 Section 703 of the Public Interest Declassification 13
100100 Act of 2000 (50 U.S.C. 3355a) is amended— 14
101101 (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 15
102102 following: 16
103103 ‘‘(5) A member of the Board whose term has expired 17
104104 may continue to serve until the earlier of— 18
105105 ‘‘(A) the date that a successor is appointed and 19
106106 sworn in; and 20
107107 ‘‘(B) the date that is 1 year after the date of 21
108108 the expiration of the term. 22
109109 ‘‘(6) Not later than 30 days after the date on which 23
110110 the term of a member of the Board ends, the appointing 24
111111 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 5
112112 •S 3495 IS
113113 authority of the member shall submit to Congress a plan 1
114114 to appoint a successor.’’; and 2
115115 (2) in subsection (f)— 3
116116 (A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘Any em-4
117117 ployee’’; and 5
118118 (B) by adding at the end the following: 6
119119 ‘‘(2) In addition to any employees detailed to the 7
120120 Board under paragraph (1), the Board may, subject to 8
121121 the availability of funds, hire not more than 12 staff mem-9
122122 bers.’’. 10
123123 SEC. 5. IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR CLASSI-11
124124 FICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION. 12
125125 (a) I
126126 NGENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 13
127127 date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 14
128128 the Office of Electronic Government (in this section re-15
129129 ferred to as the ‘‘Administrator’’) shall, in consultation 16
130130 with the Secretary of Defense, the Director of the Central 17
131131 Intelligence Agency, the Director of National Intelligence, 18
132132 the Public Interest Declassification Board, the Director of 19
133133 the Information Security Oversight Office, and the head 20
134134 of the National Declassification Center of the National Ar-21
135135 chives and Records Administration— 22
136136 (1) research a technology-based solutions— 23
137137 (A) to support efficient and effective sys-24
138138 tems for classification and declassification; and 25
139139 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 6
140140 •S 3495 IS
141141 (B) to be implemented on an interoperable 1
142142 and federated basis across the Federal Govern-2
143143 ment; and 3
144144 (2) submit to the President and Congress, in-4
145145 cluding the congressional intelligence committees, 5
146146 the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee 6
147147 on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 7
148148 the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee 8
149149 on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee 9
150150 on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and 10
151151 Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 11
152152 and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 12
153153 Representatives, recommendations regarding a tech-13
154154 nology-based solutions described in paragraph (1). 14
155155 (b) R
156156 EPORT.—Not later than 540 days after the date 15
157157 of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 16
158158 to Congress a classified report describing actions taken to 17
159159 implement the recommendations under subsection (a)(2). 18
160160 SEC. 6. STUDIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON NECESSITY 19
161161 OF SECURITY CLEARANCES. 20
162162 (a) A
163163 GENCYSTUDIES ONNECESSITY OFSECURITY 21
164164 C
165165 LEARANCES.— 22
166166 (1) S
167167 TUDIES REQUIRED .—The head of each 23
168168 agency that grants security clearances to personnel 24
169169 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 7
170170 •S 3495 IS
171171 of such agency shall conduct a study on the neces-1
172172 sity of such clearances. 2
173173 (2) R
174174 EPORTS REQUIRED.— 3
175175 (A) I
176176 N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 4
177177 after the date of the enactment of this Act, 5
178178 each head of an agency that conducts a study 6
179179 under paragraph (1) shall submit to Congress, 7
180180 including the congressional intelligence commit-8
181181 tees, the Committee on Armed Services, the 9
182182 Committee on Homeland Security and Govern-10
183183 mental Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Rela-11
184184 tions, the Committee on the Judiciary of the 12
185185 Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services, 13
186186 the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, 14
187187 the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 15
188188 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 16
189189 Representatives, a report on the findings of the 17
190190 agency head with respect to such study, which 18
191191 the agency head may classify as appropriate. 19
192192 (B) R
193193 EQUIRED ELEMENTS .—Each report 20
194194 submitted by the head of an agency under sub-21
195195 paragraph (A) shall include, for such agency, 22
196196 the following: 23
197197 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 8
198198 •S 3495 IS
199199 (i) The number of personnel eligible 1
200200 for access to information up to the ‘‘Top 2
201201 Secret’’ level. 3
202202 (ii) The number of personnel eligible 4
203203 for access to information up to the ‘‘Se-5
204204 cret’’ level. 6
205205 (iii) Information on any reduction in 7
206206 the number of personnel eligible for access 8
207207 to classified information based on the 9
208208 study conducted under paragraph (1). 10
209209 (iv) A description of how the agency 11
210210 head will ensure that the number of secu-12
211211 rity clearances granted by such agency will 13
212212 be kept to the minimum required for the 14
213213 conduct of agency functions, commensurate 15
214214 with the size, needs, and mission of the 16
215215 agency. 17
216216 (3) I
217217 NDUSTRY.—This subsection shall apply to 18
218218 the Secretary of Defense in the Secretary’s capacity 19
219219 as the Executive Agent for the National Industrial 20
220220 Security Program, and the Secretary shall treat con-21
221221 tractors, licensees, and grantees as personnel of the 22
222222 Department of Defense for purposes of the studies 23
223223 and reports required by this subsection. 24
224224 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 9
225225 •S 3495 IS
226226 (b) DIRECTOR OFNATIONALINTELLIGENCEREVIEW 1
227227 OFSENSITIVECOMPARTMENTED INFORMATION.—Not 2
228228 later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this 3
229229 Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall— 4
230230 (1) review the number of personnel eligible for 5
231231 access to sensitive compartmented information; and 6
232232 (2) submit to Congress, including the congres-7
233233 sional intelligence committees, the Committee on 8
234234 Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-9
235235 rity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 10
236236 Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary 11
237237 of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Serv-12
238238 ices, the Committee on Oversight and Account-13
239239 ability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 14
240240 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-15
241241 resentatives, a report on how the Director will en-16
242242 sure that the number of such personnel is limited to 17
243243 the minimum required. 18
244244 (c) A
245245 GENCYREVIEW OFSPECIALACCESSPRO-19
246246 GRAMS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enact-20
247247 ment of this Act, each head of an agency who is authorized 21
248248 to establish a special access program by Executive Order 22
249249 13526 (50 U.S.C. 3161 note; relating to classified na-23
250250 tional security information), or successor order, shall— 24
251251 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 10
252252 •S 3495 IS
253253 (1) review the number of personnel of the agen-1
254254 cy eligible for access to such special access pro-2
255255 grams; and 3
256256 (2) submit to Congress, including the congres-4
257257 sional intelligence committees, the Committee on 5
258258 Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-6
259259 rity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 7
260260 Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary 8
261261 of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Serv-9
262262 ices, the Committee on Oversight and Account-10
263263 ability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 11
264264 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-12
265265 resentatives, a report on how the agency head will 13
266266 ensure that the number of such personnel is limited 14
267267 to the minimum required. 15
268268 (d) S
269269 ECRETARY OFENERGYREVIEW OFQ ANDL 16
270270 C
271271 LEARANCES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 17
272272 enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall— 18
273273 (1) review the number of personnel of the De-19
274274 partment of Energy granted Q and L access; and 20
275275 (2) submit to Congress, including the congres-21
276276 sional intelligence committees, the Committee on 22
277277 Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-23
278278 rity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 24
279279 Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary 25
280280 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495 11
281281 •S 3495 IS
282282 of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Serv-1
283283 ices, the Committee on Oversight and Account-2
284284 ability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 3
285285 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-4
286286 resentatives, a report on how the Secretary will en-5
287287 sure that the number of such personnel is limited to 6
288288 the minimum required 7
289289 (e) I
290290 NDEPENDENT REVIEWS.—Not later than 180 8
291291 days after the date on which a study is completed under 9
292292 subsection (a) or a review is completed under subsections 10
293293 (b) through (d), the Director of the Office of Management 11
294294 and Budget shall each review the study or review, as the 12
295295 case may be. 13
296296 SEC. 7. DEFINITION OF CONGRESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE 14
297297 COMMITTEES. 15
298298 In this Act, the term ‘‘congressional intelligence com-16
299299 mittees’’ has the meaning given such term in section 3 17
300300 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003). 18
301301 Æ
302302 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:50 Dec 29, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\S3495.IS S3495