Us Congress 2023-2024 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB5 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

Old	New	Differences
1	1	II
2	2	118THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION S. 5
5	5	To prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, gender identity, and sexual
6	6	orientation, and for other purposes.
7	7	IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
8	8	JUNE21, 2023
9	9	Mr. M
10	10	ERKLEY(for himself, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. BENNET, Mr.
11	11	B
12	12	LUMENTHAL, Mr. BROWN, Ms. CANTWELL, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. CARPER,
13	13	Mr. C
14	14	ASEY, Mr. COONS, Ms. CORTEZMASTO, Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mr.
15	15	D
16	16	URBIN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. FETTERMAN, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Ms.
17	17	H
18	18	ASSAN, Mr. HEINRICH, Mr. HICKENLOOPER, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. KAINE,
19	19	Mr. K
20	20	ELLY, Mr. KING, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. LUJA´N, Mr. MARKEY, Mr.
21	21	M
22	22	ENENDEZ, Mr. MURPHY, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. OSSOFF, Mr. PADILLA,
23	23	Mr. P
24	24	ETERS, Mr. REED, Ms. ROSEN, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. SCHATZ, Mr.
25	25	S
26	26	CHUMER, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Ms. SINEMA, Ms. SMITH, Ms. STABENOW,
27	27	Mr. T
28	28	ESTER, Mr. VANHOLLEN, Mr. WARNER, Mr. WARNOCK, Ms. WAR-
29	29	REN, Mr. WELCH, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, and Mr. WYDEN) introduced the
30	30	following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the
31	31	Judiciary
32	32	A BILL
33	33	To prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, gender
34	34	identity, and sexual orientation, and for other purposes.
35	35	Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
36	36	tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
37	37	SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
38	38	This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Equality Act’’. 4
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42	42	SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 1
43	43	(a) F
44	44	INDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 2
45	45	(1) Discrimination can occur on the basis of the 3
46	46	sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, pregnancy, 4
47	47	childbirth, or a related medical condition of an indi-5
48	48	vidual, as well as because of sex-based stereotypes. 6
49	49	Each of these factors alone can serve as the basis 7
50	50	for discrimination, and each is a form of sex dis-8
51	51	crimination. 9
52	52	(2) A single instance of discrimination may 10
53	53	have more than one basis. For example, discrimina-11
54	54	tion against a married same-sex couple could be 12
55	55	based on the sex stereotype that marriage should 13
56	56	only be between heterosexual couples, the sexual ori-14
57	57	entation of the two individuals in the couple, or 15
58	58	both. In addition, some persons are subjected to dis-16
59	59	crimination based on a combination or the intersec-17
60	60	tion of multiple protected characteristics. Discrimi-18
61	61	nation against a pregnant lesbian could be based on 19
62	62	her sex, her sexual orientation, her pregnancy, or on 20
63	63	the basis of multiple factors. 21
64	64	(3) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and 22
65	65	queer (referred to as ‘‘LGBTQ’’) people commonly 23
66	66	experience discrimination in securing access to pub-24
67	67	lic accommodations—including restaurants, senior 25
68	68	centers, stores, places of or establishments that pro-26
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72	72	vide entertainment, health care facilities, shelters, 1
73	73	government offices, youth service providers including 2
74	74	adoption and foster care providers, and transpor-3
75	75	tation. Forms of discrimination include the exclusion 4
76	76	and denial of entry, unequal or unfair treatment, 5
77	77	harassment, and violence. This discrimination pre-6
78	78	vents the full participation of LGBTQ people in so-7
79	79	ciety and disrupts the free flow of commerce. 8
80	80	(4) Women also have faced discrimination in 9
81	81	many establishments such as stores and restaurants, 10
82	82	and places or establishments that provide other 11
83	83	goods or services, such as entertainment or transpor-12
84	84	tation, including sexual harassment, differential pric-13
85	85	ing for substantially similar products and services, 14
86	86	and denial of services because they are pregnant or 15
87	87	breastfeeding. 16
88	88	(5) Many employers already and continue to 17
89	89	take proactive steps, beyond those required by some 18
90	90	States and localities, to ensure they are fostering 19
91	91	positive and respectful cultures for all employees. 20
92	92	Many places of public accommodation also recognize 21
93	93	the economic imperative to offer goods and services 22
94	94	to as many consumers as possible. 23
95	95	(6) Regular and ongoing discrimination against 24
96	96	LGBTQ people, as well as women, in accessing pub-25
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100	100	lic accommodations contributes to negative social 1
101	101	and economic outcomes, and in the case of public ac-2
102	102	commodations operated by State and local govern-3
103	103	ments, abridges individuals’ constitutional rights. 4
104	104	(7) The discredited practice known as ‘‘conver-5
105	105	sion therapy’’ is a form of discrimination that harms 6
106	106	LGBTQ people by undermining individuals’ sense of 7
107	107	self worth, increasing suicide ideation and substance 8
108	108	abuse, exacerbating family conflict, and contributing 9
109	109	to second-class status. 10
110	110	(8) Both LGBTQ people and women face wide-11
111	111	spread discrimination in employment and various 12
112	112	services, including by entities that receive Federal fi-13
113	113	nancial assistance. Such discrimination— 14
114	114	(A) is particularly troubling and inappro-15
115	115	priate for programs and services funded wholly 16
116	116	or in part by the Federal Government; 17
117	117	(B) undermines national progress toward 18
118	118	equal treatment regardless of sex, sexual ori-19
119	119	entation, or gender identity; and 20
120	120	(C) is inconsistent with the constitutional 21
121	121	principle of equal protection under the Four-22
122	122	teenth Amendment to the Constitution of the 23
123	123	United States. 24
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127	127	(9) Federal courts have widely recognized that, 1
128	128	in enacting the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress 2
129	129	validly invoked its powers under the Fourteenth 3
130	130	Amendment to provide a full range of remedies in 4
131	131	response to persistent, widespread, and pervasive 5
132	132	discrimination by both private and government ac-6
133	133	tors. 7
134	134	(10) Discrimination by State and local govern-8
135	135	ments on the basis of sexual orientation or gender 9
136	136	identity in employment, housing, and public accom-10
137	137	modations, and in programs and activities receiving 11
138	138	Federal financial assistance, violates the Equal Pro-12
139	139	tection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the 13
140	140	Constitution of the United States. In many cir-14
141	141	cumstances, such discrimination also violates other 15
142	142	constitutional rights such as those of liberty and pri-16
143	143	vacy under the due process clause of the Fourteenth 17
144	144	Amendment. 18
145	145	(11) Individuals who are LGBTQ, or are per-19
146	146	ceived to be LGBTQ, have been subjected to a his-20
147	147	tory and pattern of persistent, widespread, and per-21
148	148	vasive discrimination on the bases of sexual orienta-22
149	149	tion and gender identity by both private sector and 23
150	150	Federal, State, and local government actors, includ-24
151	151	ing in employment, housing, and public accommoda-25
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155	155	tions, and in programs and activities receiving Fed-1
156	156	eral financial assistance. This discrimination inflicts 2
157	157	a range of tangible and intangible harms, sometimes 3
158	158	even including serious physical injury or death. An 4
159	159	explicit and comprehensive national solution is need-5
160	160	ed to address this discrimination, including the full 6
161	161	range of remedies available under the Civil Rights 7
162	162	Act of 1964. 8
163	163	(12) Discrimination based on sexual orientation 9
164	164	includes discrimination based on an individual’s ac-10
165	165	tual or perceived romantic, emotional, physical, or 11
166	166	sexual attraction to other persons, or lack thereof, 12
167	167	on the basis of gender. LGBTQ people, including 13
168	168	gender nonbinary people, also commonly experience 14
169	169	discrimination because of sex-based stereotypes. 15
170	170	Many people are subjected to discrimination because 16
171	171	of others’ perceptions or beliefs regarding their sex-17
172	172	ual orientation. Even if these perceptions are incor-18
173	173	rect, the identity imputed by others forms the basis 19
174	174	of discrimination. 20
175	175	(13) Numerous provisions of Federal law ex-21
176	176	pressly prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, 22
177	177	and Federal courts and agencies have correctly in-23
178	178	terpreted these prohibitions on sex discrimination to 24
179	179	include discrimination based on sexual orientation, 25
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183	183	gender identity, and sex stereotypes. In particular, 1
184	184	the Supreme Court of the United States correctly 2
185	185	held in Bostock v. Clayton County, 140 S. Ct. 1731 3
186	186	(2020) that the prohibition on employment discrimi-4
187	187	nation because of sex under title VII of the Civil 5
188	188	Rights Act of 1964 inherently includes discrimina-6
189	189	tion because of sexual orientation or transgender 7
190	190	status. 8
191	191	(14) This Act makes explicit that existing Fed-9
192	192	eral statutes prohibiting sex discrimination in em-10
193	193	ployment (including in access to benefits), 11
194	194	healthcare, housing, education, credit, and jury serv-12
195	195	ice also prohibit sexual orientation and gender iden-13
196	196	tity discrimination. 14
197	197	(15) LGBTQ people often face discrimination 15
198	198	when seeking to rent or purchase housing, as well as 16
199	199	in every other aspect of obtaining and maintaining 17
200	200	housing. LGBTQ people in same-sex relationships 18
201	201	are often discriminated against when two names as-19
202	202	sociated with one gender appear on a housing appli-20
203	203	cation, and transgender people often encounter dis-21
204	204	crimination when credit checks or inquiries reveal a 22
205	205	former name. 23
206	206	(16) National surveys, including a study com-24
207	207	missioned by the Department of Housing and Urban 25
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211	211	Development, show that housing discrimination 1
212	212	against LGBTQ people is very prevalent. For in-2
213	213	stance, when same-sex couples inquire about housing 3
214	214	that is available for rent, they are less likely to re-4
215	215	ceive positive responses from landlords. A national 5
216	216	matched-pair testing investigation found that nearly 6
217	217	one-half of same-sex couples had encountered ad-7
218	218	verse, differential treatment when seeking elder 8
219	219	housing. According to other studies, transgender 9
220	220	people have half the homeownership rate of non- 10
221	221	transgender people and about 1 in 5 transgender 11
222	222	people experience homelessness. Another survey 12
223	223	found that 82 percent of gender nonbinary people 13
224	224	experiencing homelessness lacked access to shelter. 14
225	225	(17) As a result of the absence of explicit prohi-15
226	226	bitions against discrimination on the basis of sexual 16
227	227	orientation and gender identity, credit applicants 17
228	228	who are LGBTQ, or are perceived to be LGBTQ, 18
229	229	have unequal opportunities to establish credit. 19
230	230	LGBTQ people can experience being denied a mort-20
231	231	gage, credit card, student loan, or many other types 21
232	232	of credit simply because of their sexual orientation 22
233	233	or gender identity. 23
234	234	(18) Numerous studies demonstrate that 24
235	235	LGBTQ people, especially transgender people and 25
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239	239	women, are economically disadvantaged and at a 1
240	240	higher risk for poverty compared with other groups 2
241	241	of people. For example, the poverty rate for older 3
242	242	women in same-sex couples is twice that of older dif-4
243	243	ferent-sex couples. 5
244	244	(19) The right to an impartial jury of one’s 6
245	245	peers and the reciprocal right to jury service are 7
246	246	fundamental to the free and democratic system of 8
247	247	justice in the United States and are based in the 9
248	248	Bill of Rights. There is, however, an unfortunate 10
249	249	and long-documented history in the United States of 11
250	250	attorneys discriminating against LGBTQ individ-12
251	251	uals, or those perceived to be LGBTQ, in jury selec-13
252	252	tion. Failure to bar peremptory challenges based on 14
253	253	the actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender 15
254	254	identity of an individual not only erodes a funda-16
255	255	mental right, duty, and obligation of being a citizen 17
256	256	of the United States, but also unfairly creates a sec-18
257	257	ond class of citizenship for LGBTQ victims, wit-19
258	258	nesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. 20
259	259	(20) Numerous studies document the shortage 21
260	260	of qualified and available homes for the approxi-22
261	261	mately 424,000 youth in the child welfare system 23
262	262	and the negative outcomes for the many youth who 24
263	263	live in group care as opposed to a loving home or 25
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267	267	who age out of care without a permanent family 1
268	268	placement. Although same-sex couples are 7 times 2
269	269	more likely to foster or adopt than their different- 3
270	270	sex counterparts, many child-placing agencies refuse 4
271	271	to serve same-sex couples and LGBTQ individuals. 5
272	272	This has resulted in a reduction of the pool of quali-6
273	273	fied and available homes for youth in the child wel-7
274	274	fare system who need placement on a temporary or 8
275	275	permanent basis. It also sends a negative message 9
276	276	about LGBTQ people to children and youth in the 10
277	277	child welfare system about who is, and who is not, 11
278	278	considered fit to be a parent. While the priority 12
279	279	should be on providing the supports necessary to 13
280	280	keep children with their families, when removal is re-14
281	281	quired, barring discrimination in foster care and 15
282	282	adoption will increase the number of homes available 16
283	283	to foster children waiting for foster and adoptive 17
284	284	families. 18
285	285	(21) LGBTQ youth are overrepresented in the 19
286	286	foster care system by at least a factor of two and 20
287	287	report twice the rate of poor treatment while in care 21
288	288	compared to their non-LGBTQ counterparts. 22
289	289	LGBTQ youth in foster care have a higher average 23
290	290	number of placements, higher likelihood of living in 24
291	291	a group home, and higher rates of hospitalization for 25
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295	295	emotional reasons and of juvenile justice involvement 1
296	296	than their non-LGBTQ peers because of the high 2
297	297	level of bias and discrimination that they face and 3
298	298	the difficulty of finding affirming foster placements. 4
299	299	Further, due to their physical distance from friends 5
300	300	and family, traumatic experiences, and potentially 6
301	301	unstable living situations, all youth involved with 7
302	302	child welfare services are at risk for being targeted 8
303	303	by traffickers seeking to exploit children. Barring 9
304	304	discrimination in child welfare services will ensure 10
305	305	improved treatment and outcomes for LGBTQ foster 11
306	306	children. 12
307	307	(22) Courts consistently have found that the 13
308	308	government has a compelling interest in preventing 14
309	309	and remedying discrimination. For example, the Su-15
310	310	preme Court of the United States found there to be 16
311	311	a compelling government interest in eliminating sex 17
312	312	discrimination in Board of Directors of Rotary 18
313	313	International v. Rotary Club of Duarte, 481 U.S. 19
314	314	537, 549 (1987). Because discrimination based on 20
315	315	sexual orientation or gender identity inherently is a 21
316	316	form of sex discrimination, as held in Bostock v. 22
317	317	Clayton County, 140 S. Ct. 1731 (2020), this Act 23
318	318	furthers the compelling government interest in pro-24
319	319	viding redress for the serious harms to mental and 25
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323	323	physical health, financial security and well-being, 1
324	324	civic participation, freedom of movement and oppor-2
325	325	tunity, personal dignity, and physical safety that re-3
326	326	sult from discrimination. Consistent with the role 4
327	327	nondiscrimination laws play in protecting lives and 5
328	328	livelihoods, alleviating suffering, and improving indi-6
329	329	vidual and public health, the Supreme Court of the 7
330	330	United States has long recognized, under the deci-8
331	331	sion in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United 9
332	332	States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964), that these laws also 10
333	333	benefit society as a whole by ending the ‘‘disruptive 11
334	334	effect’’ discrimination has on travel and commerce, 12
335	335	and by creating a level field for all participants in 13
336	336	a given sector. 14
337	337	(23) As with all prohibitions on invidious dis-15
338	338	crimination, this Act furthers the government’s com-16
339	339	pelling interest in the least restrictive way because 17
340	340	only by forbidding discrimination is it possible to 18
341	341	avert or redress the harms described in this sub-19
342	342	section. 20
343	343	(b) P
344	344	URPOSE.—It is the purpose of this Act to ex-21
345	345	pand as well as clarify, confirm and create greater consist-22
346	346	ency in the protections and remedies against discrimina-23
347	347	tion on the basis of all covered characteristics and to pro-24
348	348	vide guidance and notice to individuals, organizations, cor-25
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351	351	•S 5 IS
352	352	porations, and agencies regarding their obligations under 1
353	353	the law. 2
354	354	SEC. 3. PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS. 3
355	355	(a) P
356	356	ROHIBITION ONDISCRIMINATION ORSEGREGA-4
357	357	TION INPUBLICACCOMMODATIONS.—Section 201 of the 5
358	358	Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000a) is amended— 6
359	359	(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘sex (includ-7
360	360	ing sexual orientation and gender identity),’’ before 8
361	361	‘‘or national origin’’; and 9
362	362	(2) in subsection (b)— 10
363	363	(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘sta-11
364	364	dium’’ and all that follows and inserting ‘‘sta-12
365	365	dium or other place of or establishment that 13
366	366	provides exhibition, entertainment, recreation, 14
367	367	exercise, amusement, public gathering, or public 15
368	368	display;’’; 16
369	369	(B) by redesignating paragraph (4) as 17
370	370	paragraph (6); and 18
371	371	(C) by inserting after paragraph (3) the 19
372	372	following: 20
373	373	‘‘(4) any establishment that provides a good, 21
374	374	service, or program, including a store, shopping cen-22
375	375	ter, online retailer or service provider, salon, bank, 23
376	376	gas station, food bank, service or care center, shel-24
377	377	ter, travel agency, or funeral parlor, or establish-25
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381	381	ment that provides health care, accounting, or legal 1
382	382	services; 2
383	383	‘‘(5) any train service, bus service, car service, 3
384	384	taxi service, airline service, station, depot, or other 4
385	385	place of or establishment that provides transpor-5
386	386	tation service; and’’. 6
387	387	(b) P
388	388	ROHIBITION ONDISCRIMINATION ORSEGREGA-7
389	389	TIONUNDERLAW.—Section 202 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 8
390	390	2000a–1) is amended by inserting ‘‘sex (including sexual 9
391	391	orientation and gender identity),’’ before ‘‘or national ori-10
392	392	gin’’. 11
393	393	(c) R
394	394	ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—Title II of such Act 12
395	395	(42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.) is amended by adding at the 13
396	396	end the following: 14
397	397	‘‘SEC. 208. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 15
398	398	‘‘A reference in this title to an establishment— 16
399	399	‘‘(1) shall be construed to include an individual 17
400	400	whose operations affect commerce and who is a pro-18
401	401	vider of a good, service, or program; and 19
402	402	‘‘(2) shall not be construed to be limited to a 20
403	403	physical facility or place.’’. 21
404	404	SEC. 4. DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES. 22
405	405	Section 301(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 23
406	406	U.S.C. 2000b(a)) is amended by inserting ‘‘sex (including 24
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410	410	sexual orientation and gender identity),’’ before ‘‘or na-1
411	411	tional origin’’. 2
412	412	SEC. 5. DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION. 3
413	413	(a) D
414	414	EFINITIONS.—Section 401(b) of the Civil Rights 4
415	415	Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000c(b)) is amended by inserting 5
416	416	‘‘(including sexual orientation and gender identity),’’ be-6
417	417	fore ‘‘or national origin’’. 7
418	418	(b) C
419	419	IVILACTIONS BY THEATTORNEYGENERAL.— 8
420	420	Section 407 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2000c–6) is amended, 9
421	421	in subsection (a)(2), by inserting ‘‘(including sexual ori-10
422	422	entation and gender identity),’’ before ‘‘or national ori-11
423	423	gin’’. 12
424	424	(c) C
425	425	LASSIFICATION ANDASSIGNMENT.—Section 410 13
426	426	of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2000c–9) is amended by inserting 14
427	427	‘‘(including sexual orientation and gender identity),’’ be-15
428	428	fore ‘‘or national origin’’. 16
429	429	SEC. 6. FEDERAL FUNDING. 17
430	430	Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 18
431	431	U.S.C. 2000d) is amended by inserting ‘‘sex (including 19
432	432	sexual orientation and gender identity),’’ before ‘‘or na-20
433	433	tional origin,’’. 21
434	434	SEC. 7. EMPLOYMENT. 22
435	435	(a) R
436	436	ULES OFCONSTRUCTION.—Title VII of the 23
437	437	Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended by inserting after 24
438	438	section 701 (42 U.S.C. 2000e) the following: 25
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442	442	‘‘SEC. 701A. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 1
443	443	‘‘Section 1106 shall apply to this title except that for 2
444	444	purposes of that application, a reference in that section 3
445	445	to an ‘unlawful practice’ shall be considered to be a ref-4
446	446	erence to an ‘unlawful employment practice’.’’. 5
447	447	(b) U
448	448	NLAWFULEMPLOYMENTPRACTICES.—Section 6
449	449	703 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e– 7
450	450	2) is amended— 8
451	451	(1) in the section header, by striking ‘‘
452	452	SEX,’’ 9
453	453	and inserting ‘‘
454	454	SEX (INCLUDING SEXUAL ORIENTA -10
455	455	TION AND GENDER IDENTITY) ,’’; 11
456	456	(2) except in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘sex,’’ 12
457	457	each place it appears and inserting ‘‘sex (including 13
458	458	sexual orientation and gender identity),’’; 14
459	459	(3) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ‘‘enter-15
460	460	prise,’’ and inserting ‘‘enterprise, if, in a situation in 16
461	461	which sex is a bona fide occupational qualification, 17
462	462	individuals are recognized as qualified in accordance 18
463	463	with their gender identity,’’; and 19
464	464	(4) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘sex’’ the sec-20
465	465	ond place it appears and inserting ‘‘sex (including 21
466	466	sexual orientation and gender identity),’’. 22
467	467	(c) O
468	468	THERUNLAWFULEMPLOYMENTPRACTICES.— 23
469	469	Section 704(b) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 24
470	470	2000e–3(b)) is amended— 25
471	471	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
472	472	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 17
473	473	•S 5 IS
474	474	(1) by striking ‘‘sex,’’ the first place it appears 1
475	475	and inserting ‘‘sex (including sexual orientation and 2
476	476	gender identity),’’; and 3
477	477	(2) by striking ‘‘employment.’’ and inserting 4
478	478	‘‘employment, if, in a situation in which sex is a 5
479	479	bona fide occupational qualification, individuals are 6
480	480	recognized as qualified in accordance with their gen-7
481	481	der identity.’’. 8
482	482	(d) C
483	483	LAIMS.—Section 706(g)(2)(A) of the Civil 9
484	484	Rights Act of 1964 (2000e–5(g)(2)(A)) is amended by 10
485	485	striking ‘‘sex,’’ and inserting ‘‘sex (including sexual ori-11
486	486	entation and gender identity),’’. 12
487	487	(e) E
488	488	MPLOYMENT BYFEDERALGOVERNMENT.—Sec-13
489	489	tion 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 14
490	490	2000e–16) is amended— 15
491	491	(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘sex,’’ and in-16
492	492	serting ‘‘sex (including sexual orientation and gender 17
493	493	identity),’’; and 18
494	494	(2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘sex’’ and in-19
495	495	serting ‘‘sex (including sexual orientation and gender 20
496	496	identity),’’. 21
497	497	(f) G
498	498	OVERNMENT EMPLOYEE RIGHTSACT OF 22
499	499	1991.—The Government Employee Rights Act of 1991 23
500	500	(42 U.S.C. 2000e–16a et seq.) is amended— 24
501	501	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
502	502	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 18
503	503	•S 5 IS
504	504	(1) in section 301(b), by striking ‘‘sex,’’ and in-1
505	505	serting ‘‘sex (including sexual orientation and gender 2
506	506	identity),’’; 3
507	507	(2) in section 302(a)(1), by striking ‘‘sex,’’ and 4
508	508	inserting ‘‘sex (including sexual orientation and gen-5
509	509	der identity),’’; and 6
510	510	(3) by adding at the end the following: 7
511	511	‘‘SEC. 305. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION AND CLAIMS. 8
512	512	‘‘Sections 1101(b), 1106, and 1107 of the Civil 9
513	513	Rights Act of 1964 shall apply to this title except that 10
514	514	for purposes of that application, a reference in that section 11
515	515	1106 to ‘race, color, religion, sex (including sexual orienta-12
516	516	tion and gender identity), or national origin’ shall be con-13
517	517	sidered to be a reference to ‘race, color, religion, sex, sex-14
518	518	ual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, or 15
519	519	disability’.’’. 16
520	520	(g) C
521	521	ONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 17
522	522	1995.—The Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 18
523	523	U.S.C. 1301 et seq.) is amended— 19
524	524	(1) in section 201(a)(1) (2 U.S.C. 1311(a)(1)) 20
525	525	by inserting ‘‘(including sexual orientation and gen-21
526	526	der identity),’’ before ‘‘or national origin,’’; and 22
527	527	(2) by adding at the end of title II (42 U.S.C. 23
528	528	1311 et seq.) the following: 24
529	529	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
530	530	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 19
531	531	•S 5 IS
532	532	‘‘SEC. 209. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION AND CLAIMS. 1
533	533	‘‘Sections 1101(b), 1106, and 1107 of the Civil 2
534	534	Rights Act of 1964 shall apply to section 201 (and reme-3
535	535	dial provisions of this Act related to section 201) except 4
536	536	that for purposes of that application, a reference in that 5
537	537	section 1106 to ‘race, color, religion, sex (including sexual 6
538	538	orientation and gender identity), or national origin’ shall 7
539	539	be considered to be a reference to ‘race, color, religion, 8
540	540	sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity), na-9
541	541	tional origin, age, or disability’.’’. 10
542	542	(h) C
543	543	IVILSERVICEREFORMACT OF1978.—Chapter 11
544	544	23 of title 5, United States Code, is amended— 12
545	545	(1) in section 2301(b)(2), by striking ‘‘sex,’’ 13
546	546	and inserting ‘‘sex (including sexual orientation and 14
547	547	gender identity),’’; 15
548	548	(2) in section 2302— 16
549	549	(A) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting 17
550	550	‘‘(including sexual orientation and gender iden-18
551	551	tity),’’ before ‘‘or national origin,’’; and 19
552	552	(B) in subsection (d)(1), by inserting ‘‘(in-20
553	553	cluding sexual orientation and gender iden-21
554	554	tity),’’ before ‘‘or national origin;’’; and 22
555	555	(3) by adding at the end the following: 23
556	556	‘‘SEC. 2307. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION AND CLAIMS. 24
557	557	‘‘Sections 1101(b), 1106, and 1107 of the Civil 25
558	558	Rights Act of 1964 shall apply to this chapter (and reme-26
559	559	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
560	560	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 20
561	561	•S 5 IS
562	562	dial provisions of this title related to this chapter) except 1
563	563	that for purposes of that application, a reference in that 2
564	564	section 1106 to ‘race, color, religion, sex (including sexual 3
565	565	orientation and gender identity), or national origin’ shall 4
566	566	be considered to be a reference to ‘race, color, religion, 5
567	567	sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity), na-6
568	568	tional origin, age, a handicapping condition, marital sta-7
569	569	tus, or political affiliation’.’’. 8
570	570	SEC. 8. INTERVENTION. 9
571	571	Section 902 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 10
572	572	U.S.C. 2000h–2) is amended by inserting ‘‘(including sex-11
573	573	ual orientation and gender identity),’’ before ‘‘or national 12
574	574	origin,’’. 13
575	575	SEC. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. 14
576	576	Title XI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended— 15
577	577	(1) by redesignating sections 1101 through 16
578	578	1104 (42 U.S.C. 2000h et seq.) and sections 1105 17
579	579	and 1106 (42 U.S.C. 2000h–5, 2000h–6) as sections 18
580	580	1102 through 1105 and sections 1108 and 1109, re-19
581	581	spectively; 20
582	582	(2) by inserting after the title heading the fol-21
583	583	lowing: 22
584	584	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
585	585	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 21
586	586	•S 5 IS
587	587	‘‘SEC. 1101. DEFINITIONS AND RULES. 1
588	588	‘‘(a) D
589	589	EFINITIONS.—In titles II, III, IV, VI, VII, and 2
590	590	IX (referred to individually in sections 1106 and 1107 as 3
591	591	a ‘covered title’): 4
592	592	‘‘(1) R
593	593	ACE; COLOR; RELIGION; SEX; SEXUAL 5
594	594	ORIENTATION; GENDER IDENTITY ; NATIONAL ORI-6
595	595	GIN.—The term ‘race’, ‘color’, ‘religion’, ‘sex’ (in-7
596	596	cluding ‘sexual orientation’ and ‘gender identity’), or 8
597	597	‘national origin’, used with respect to an individual, 9
598	598	includes— 10
599	599	‘‘(A) the race, color, religion, sex (includ-11
600	600	ing sexual orientation and gender identity), or 12
601	601	national origin, respectively, of another person 13
602	602	with whom the individual is associated or has 14
603	603	been associated; and 15
604	604	‘‘(B) a perception or belief, even if inac-16
605	605	curate, concerning the race, color, religion, sex 17
606	606	(including sexual orientation and gender iden-18
607	607	tity), or national origin, respectively, of the in-19
608	608	dividual. 20
609	609	‘‘(2) G
610	610	ENDER IDENTITY.—The term ‘gender 21
611	611	identity’ means the gender-related identity, appear-22
612	612	ance, mannerisms, or other gender-related character-23
613	613	istics of an individual, regardless of the individual’s 24
614	614	designated sex at birth. 25
615	615	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
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617	617	•S 5 IS
618	618	‘‘(3) INCLUDING.—The term ‘including’ means 1
619	619	including, but not limited to, consistent with the 2
620	620	term’s standard meaning in Federal law. 3
621	621	‘‘(4) S
622	622	EX.—The term ‘sex’ includes— 4
623	623	‘‘(A) a sex stereotype; 5
624	624	‘‘(B) pregnancy, childbirth, or a related 6
625	625	medical condition; 7
626	626	‘‘(C) sexual orientation or gender identity; 8
627	627	and 9
628	628	‘‘(D) sex characteristics, including intersex 10
629	629	traits. 11
630	630	‘‘(5) S
631	631	EXUAL ORIENTATION .—The term ‘sexual 12
632	632	orientation’ means homosexuality, heterosexuality, or 13
633	633	bisexuality. 14
634	634	‘‘(b) R
635	635	ULES.—In a covered title referred to in sub-15
636	636	section (a)— 16
637	637	‘‘(1) (with respect to sex) pregnancy, childbirth, 17
638	638	or a related medical condition shall not receive less 18
639	639	favorable treatment than other physical conditions; 19
640	640	and 20
641	641	‘‘(2) (with respect to gender identity) an indi-21
642	642	vidual shall not be denied access to a shared facility, 22
643	643	including a restroom, a locker room, and a dressing 23
644	644	room, that is in accordance with the individual’s 24
645	645	gender identity.’’; and 25
646	646	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
647	647	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 23
648	648	•S 5 IS
649	649	(3) by inserting after section 1105 the fol-1
650	650	lowing: 2
651	651	‘‘SEC. 1106. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 3
652	652	‘‘(a) S
653	653	EX.—Nothing in section 1101 or the provisions 4
654	654	of a covered title incorporating a term defined or a rule 5
655	655	specified in that section shall be construed— 6
656	656	‘‘(1) to limit the protection against an unlawful 7
657	657	practice on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or a 8
658	658	related medical condition provided by section 701(k); 9
659	659	or 10
660	660	‘‘(2) to limit the protection against an unlawful 11
661	661	practice on the basis of sex available under any pro-12
662	662	vision of Federal law other than that covered title, 13
663	663	prohibiting a practice on the basis of sex. 14
664	664	‘‘(b) C
665	665	LAIMS ANDREMEDIESNOTPRECLUDED.— 15
666	666	Nothing in section 1101 or a covered title shall be con-16
667	667	strued to limit the claims or remedies available to any indi-17
668	668	vidual for an unlawful practice on the basis of race, color, 18
669	669	religion, sex (including sexual orientation and gender iden-19
670	670	tity), or national origin including claims brought pursuant 20
671	671	to section 1979 or 1980 of the Revised Statutes (42 21
672	672	U.S.C. 1983, 1985) or any other law, including a Federal 22
673	673	law amended by the Equality Act, regulation, or policy. 23
674	674	‘‘(c) N
675	675	ONEGATIVEINFERENCE.—Nothing in section 24
676	676	1101 or a covered title shall be construed to support any 25
677	677	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
678	678	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 24
679	679	•S 5 IS
680	680	inference that any Federal law prohibiting a practice on 1
681	681	the basis of sex does not prohibit discrimination on the 2
682	682	basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or a related medical condi-3
683	683	tion, sexual orientation, gender identity, or a sex stereo-4
684	684	type. 5
685	685	‘‘SEC. 1107. CLAIMS. 6
686	686	‘‘The Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (42 7
687	687	U.S.C. 2000bb et seq.) shall not provide a claim con-8
688	688	cerning, or a defense to a claim under, a covered title, 9
689	689	or provide a basis for challenging the application or en-10
690	690	forcement of a covered title.’’. 11
691	691	SEC. 10. HOUSING. 12
692	692	(a) F
693	693	AIRHOUSINGACT.—The Fair Housing Act (42 13
694	694	U.S.C. 3601 et seq.) is amended— 14
695	695	(1) in section 802 (42 U.S.C. 3602), by adding 15
696	696	at the end the following: 16
697	697	‘‘(p) ‘Gender identity’, ‘sex’, and ‘sexual orientation’ 17
698	698	have the meanings given those terms in section 1101(a) 18
699	699	of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 19
700	700	‘‘(q) ‘Race’, ‘color’, ‘religion’, ‘sex’ (including ‘sexual 20
701	701	orientation’ and ‘gender identity’), ‘handicap’, ‘familial 21
702	702	status’, or ‘national origin’, used with respect to an indi-22
703	703	vidual, includes— 23
704	704	‘‘(1) the race, color, religion, sex (including sex-24
705	705	ual orientation and gender identity), handicap, fa-25
706	706	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
707	707	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 25
708	708	•S 5 IS
709	709	milial status, or national origin, respectively, of an-1
710	710	other person with whom the individual is associated 2
711	711	or has been associated; and 3
712	712	‘‘(2) a perception or belief, even if inaccurate, 4
713	713	concerning the race, color, religion, sex (including 5
714	714	sexual orientation and gender identity), handicap, 6
715	715	familial status, or national origin, respectively, of the 7
716	716	individual.’’; 8
717	717	(2) in section 804 (42 U.S.C. 3604), by insert-9
718	718	ing ‘‘(including sexual orientation and gender iden-10
719	719	tity),’’ after ‘‘sex,’’ each place that term appears; 11
720	720	(3) in section 805 (42 U.S.C. 3605), by insert-12
721	721	ing ‘‘(including sexual orientation and gender iden-13
722	722	tity),’’ after ‘‘sex,’’ each place that term appears; 14
723	723	(4) in section 806 (42 U.S.C. 3606), by insert-15
724	724	ing ‘‘(including sexual orientation and gender iden-16
725	725	tity),’’ after ‘‘sex,’’; 17
726	726	(5) in section 808(e)(6) (42 U.S.C. 3608(e)(6)), 18
727	727	by inserting ‘‘(including sexual orientation and gen-19
728	728	der identity),’’ after ‘‘sex,’’; and 20
729	729	(6) by adding at the end the following: 21
730	730	‘‘SEC. 821. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 22
731	731	‘‘Sections 1101(b) and 1106 of the Civil Rights Act 23
732	732	of 1964 shall apply to this title and section 901, except 24
733	733	that for purposes of that application, a reference in that 25
734	734	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
735	735	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 26
736	736	•S 5 IS
737	737	section 1101(b) or 1106 to a ‘covered title’ shall be consid-1
738	738	ered a reference to ‘this title and section 901’. 2
739	739	‘‘SEC. 822. CLAIMS. 3
740	740	‘‘Section 1107 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 shall 4
741	741	apply to this title and section 901, except that for pur-5
742	742	poses of that application, a reference in that section 1107 6
743	743	to a ‘covered title’ shall be considered a reference to ‘this 7
744	744	title and section 901’.’’. 8
745	745	(b) P
746	746	REVENTION OFINTIMIDATION INFAIRHOUS-9
747	747	INGCASES.—Section 901 of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 10
748	748	(42 U.S.C. 3631) is amended by inserting ‘‘(including sex-11
749	749	ual orientation (as such term is defined in section 802 of 12
750	750	this Act) and gender identity (as such term is defined in 13
751	751	section 802 of this Act)),’’ after ‘‘sex,’’ each place that 14
752	752	term appears. 15
753	753	SEC. 11. EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY. 16
754	754	(a) P
755	755	ROHIBITED DISCRIMINATION.—Section 17
756	756	701(a)(1) of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 18
757	757	1691(a)(1)) is amended by inserting ‘‘(including sexual 19
758	758	orientation and gender identity),’’ after ‘‘sex’’. 20
759	759	(b) D
760	760	EFINITIONS.—Section 702 of the Equal Credit 21
761	761	Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691a) is amended— 22
762	762	(1) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as 23
763	763	subsections (h) and (i), respectively; 24
764	764	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
765	765	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 27
766	766	•S 5 IS
767	767	(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol-1
768	768	lowing: 2
769	769	‘‘(f) The terms ‘gender identity’, ‘sex’, and ‘sexual 3
770	770	orientation’ have the meanings given those terms in sec-4
771	771	tion 1101(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 5
772	772	‘‘(g) The term ‘race’, ‘color’, ‘religion’, ‘national ori-6
773	773	gin’, ‘sex’ (including ‘sexual orientation’ and ‘gender iden-7
774	774	tity’), ‘marital status’, or ‘age’, used with respect to an 8
775	775	individual, includes— 9
776	776	‘‘(1) the race, color, religion, national origin, 10
777	777	sex (including sexual orientation and gender iden-11
778	778	tity), marital status, or age, respectively, of another 12
779	779	person with whom the individual is associated or has 13
780	780	been associated; and 14
781	781	‘‘(2) a perception or belief, even if inaccurate, 15
782	782	concerning the race, color, religion, national origin, 16
783	783	sex (including sexual orientation and gender iden-17
784	784	tity), marital status, or age, respectively, of the indi-18
785	785	vidual.’’; and 19
786	786	(3) by adding at the end the following: 20
787	787	‘‘(j) Sections 1101(b) and 1106 of the Civil Rights 21
788	788	Act of 1964 shall apply to this title, except that for pur-22
789	789	poses of that application— 23
790	790	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
791	791	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 28
792	792	•S 5 IS
793	793	‘‘(1) a reference in those sections to a ‘covered 1
794	794	title’ shall be considered a reference to ‘this title’; 2
795	795	and 3
796	796	‘‘(2) paragraph (1) of such section 1101(b) 4
797	797	shall apply with respect to all aspects of a credit 5
798	798	transaction.’’. 6
799	799	(c) R
800	800	ELATION TOSTATELAWS.—Section 705(a) of 7
801	801	the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691d(a)) 8
802	802	is amended by inserting ‘‘(including sexual orientation and 9
803	803	gender identity),’’ after ‘‘sex’’. 10
804	804	(d) C
805	805	IVILLIABILITY.—Section 706 of the Equal 11
806	806	Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691e) is amended by 12
807	807	adding at the end the following: 13
808	808	‘‘(l) Section 1107 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 14
809	809	shall apply to this title, except that for purposes of that 15
810	810	application, a reference in that section to a ‘covered title’ 16
811	811	shall be considered a reference to ‘this title’.’’. 17
812	812	SEC. 12. JURIES. 18
813	813	(a) I
814	814	NGENERAL.—Chapter 121 of title 28, United 19
815	815	States Code, is amended— 20
816	816	(1) in section 1862, by inserting ‘‘(including 21
817	817	sexual orientation and gender identity),’’ after 22
818	818	‘‘sex,’’; 23
819	819	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
820	820	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB 29
821	821	•S 5 IS
822	822	(2) in section 1867(e), in the second sentence, 1
823	823	by inserting ‘‘(including sexual orientation and gen-2
824	824	der identity),’’ after ‘‘sex,’’; 3
825	825	(3) in section 1869— 4
826	826	(A) in subsection (j), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 5
827	827	the end; 6
828	828	(B) in subsection (k), by striking the pe-7
829	829	riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 8
830	830	(C) by adding at the end the following: 9
831	831	‘‘(l) ‘gender identity’, ‘sex’, and ‘sexual orientation’ 10
832	832	have the meanings given such terms under section 1101(a) 11
833	833	of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; and 12
834	834	‘‘(m) ‘race’, ‘color’, ‘religion’, ‘sex’ (including ‘sexual 13
835	835	orientation’ and ‘gender identity’), ‘economic status’, or 14
836	836	‘national origin’, used with respect to an individual, in-15
837	837	cludes— 16
838	838	‘‘(1) the race, color, religion, sex (including sex-17
839	839	ual orientation and gender identity), economic sta-18
840	840	tus, or national origin, respectively, of another per-19
841	841	son with whom the individual is associated or has 20
842	842	been associated; and 21
843	843	‘‘(2) a perception or belief, even if inaccurate, 22
844	844	concerning the race, color, religion, sex (including 23
845	845	sexual orientation and gender identity), economic 24
846	846	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
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848	848	•S 5 IS
849	849	status, or national origin, respectively, of the indi-1
850	850	vidual.’’; and 2
851	851	(4) by adding at the end the following: 3
852	852	‘‘§ 1879. Rules of construction and claims 4
853	853	‘‘Sections 1101(b), 1106, and 1107 of the Civil 5
854	854	Rights Act of 1964 shall apply to this chapter, except that 6
855	855	for purposes of that application, a reference in those sec-7
856	856	tions to a ‘covered title’ shall be considered a reference 8
857	857	to ‘this chapter’.’’. 9
858	858	(b) T
859	859	ECHNICAL AND CONFORMINGAMENDMENT.— 10
860	860	The table of sections for chapter 121 of title 28, United 11
861	861	States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-12
862	862	lowing: 13
863	863	‘‘1879. Rules of construction and claims.’’.
864	864	Æ
865	865	VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:42 Jun 22, 2023 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\S5.IS S5
866	866	pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB