| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 1284 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To amend the Tariff Act of 1930 to increase civil penalties for, and improve |
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| 6 | 6 | | enforcement with respect to, customs fraud, and for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 8 | 8 | | FEBRUARY13, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. B |
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| 10 | 10 | | OST(for himself, Ms. SEWELL, Mr. MORAN, Ms. TENNEY, Ms. VAN |
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| 11 | 11 | | D |
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| 12 | 12 | | UYNE, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. MRVAN, Mr. BALDERSON, Mr. PALMER, Ms. |
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| 13 | 13 | | B |
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| 14 | 14 | | UDZINSKI, Mr. PANETTA, and Mr. CAREY) introduced the following bill; |
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| 15 | 15 | | which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means |
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| 16 | 16 | | A BILL |
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| 17 | 17 | | To amend the Tariff Act of 1930 to increase civil penalties |
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| 18 | 18 | | for, and improve enforcement with respect to, customs |
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| 19 | 19 | | fraud, and for other purposes. |
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| 20 | 20 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 21 | 21 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 22 | 22 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 23 | 23 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Fighting Trade Cheats 4 |
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| 24 | 24 | | Act of 2025’’. 5 |
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| 26 | 26 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 2 |
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| 27 | 27 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 28 | 28 | | SEC. 2. INCREASE IN CIVIL PENALTIES FOR FRAUDULENT 1 |
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| 29 | 29 | | AND GROSSLY NEGLIGENT VIOLATIONS OF 2 |
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| 30 | 30 | | UNITED STATES CUSTOMS LAWS. 3 |
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| 31 | 31 | | Section 592 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 4 |
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| 32 | 32 | | 1592) is amended— 5 |
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| 33 | 33 | | (1) in subsection (a)— 6 |
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| 34 | 34 | | (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as 7 |
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| 35 | 35 | | paragraph (3); and 8 |
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| 36 | 36 | | (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the 9 |
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| 37 | 37 | | following: 10 |
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| 38 | 38 | | ‘‘(2) P |
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| 39 | 39 | | RESUMPTION.— 11 |
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| 40 | 40 | | ‘‘(A) I |
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| 41 | 41 | | N GENERAL.—For purposes of para-12 |
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| 42 | 42 | | graph (1)(B), if a person purchases merchan-13 |
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| 43 | 43 | | dise from two or more affiliated persons after 14 |
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| 44 | 44 | | such persons are determined by U.S. Customs 15 |
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| 45 | 45 | | and Border Protection or a court of competent 16 |
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| 46 | 46 | | jurisdiction to have violated subsection (a) by 17 |
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| 47 | 47 | | means of fraud or gross negligence, there shall 18 |
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| 48 | 48 | | be a presumption that the purchaser had knowl-19 |
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| 49 | 49 | | edge of such violation with respect to purchases 20 |
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| 50 | 50 | | from the second or subsequent such affiliated 21 |
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| 51 | 51 | | person. 22 |
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| 52 | 52 | | ‘‘(B) A |
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| 53 | 53 | | FFILIATED PERSON DEFINED .—In 23 |
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| 54 | 54 | | subparagraph (A), the term ‘affiliated person’ 24 |
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| 55 | 55 | | has the meaning given that term in section 25 |
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| 56 | 56 | | 771(33).’’; and 26 |
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| 59 | 59 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 60 | 60 | | (2) in subsection (c)— 1 |
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| 61 | 61 | | (A) in paragraph (1)— 2 |
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| 62 | 62 | | (i) by striking ‘‘A fraudulent viola-3 |
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| 63 | 63 | | tion’’ and inserting the following: 4 |
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| 64 | 64 | | ‘‘(A) I |
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| 65 | 65 | | N GENERAL.—A fraudulent viola-5 |
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| 66 | 66 | | tion’’; 6 |
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| 67 | 67 | | (ii) in subparagraph (A) (as so des-7 |
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| 68 | 68 | | ignated), by inserting before ‘‘the domestic 8 |
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| 69 | 69 | | value’’ the following: ‘‘three times’’; and 9 |
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| 70 | 70 | | (iii) by adding at the end the fol-10 |
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| 71 | 71 | | lowing: 11 |
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| 72 | 72 | | ‘‘(B) A |
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| 73 | 73 | | DDITIONAL PENALTIES .—A per-12 |
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| 74 | 74 | | son— 13 |
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| 75 | 75 | | ‘‘(i) that commits a fraudulent viola-14 |
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| 76 | 76 | | tion of subsection (a) shall be prohibited 15 |
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| 77 | 77 | | from importing merchandise into the 16 |
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| 78 | 78 | | United States during a period of five years 17 |
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| 79 | 79 | | beginning on the date of entry of a final 18 |
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| 80 | 80 | | judgment with respect to such violation; 19 |
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| 81 | 81 | | and 20 |
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| 82 | 82 | | ‘‘(ii) that is an affiliated person of a 21 |
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| 83 | 83 | | person described in clause (i) shall be pro-22 |
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| 84 | 84 | | hibited from importing merchandise into 23 |
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| 85 | 85 | | the United States during the period de-24 |
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| 86 | 86 | | scribed in such clause. 25 |
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| 89 | 89 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 90 | 90 | | ‘‘(C) AFFILIATED PERSON DEFINED .—In 1 |
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| 91 | 91 | | subparagraph (B)(ii), the term ‘affiliated per-2 |
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| 92 | 92 | | son’ has the meaning given that term in section 3 |
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| 93 | 93 | | 771(33).’’; and 4 |
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| 94 | 94 | | (B) in paragraph (2)— 5 |
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| 95 | 95 | | (i) by striking ‘‘A grossly negligent 6 |
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| 96 | 96 | | violation’’ and inserting the following: 7 |
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| 97 | 97 | | ‘‘(A) I |
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| 98 | 98 | | N GENERAL.—A grossly negligent 8 |
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| 99 | 99 | | violation’’; 9 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (ii) by striking ‘‘(A) the lesser of—’’ 10 |
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| 101 | 101 | | and inserting the following: 11 |
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| 102 | 102 | | ‘‘(i) the lesser of—’’; 12 |
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| 103 | 103 | | (iii) by striking ‘‘(i) the domestic 13 |
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| 104 | 104 | | value’’ and inserting the following: 14 |
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| 105 | 105 | | ‘‘(I) three times the domestic 15 |
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| 106 | 106 | | value’’; 16 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (iv) by striking ‘‘(ii) four times’’ and 17 |
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| 108 | 108 | | inserting the following: 18 |
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| 109 | 109 | | ‘‘(II) 10 times’’; 19 |
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| 110 | 110 | | (v) by striking ‘‘(B) if the violation’’ 20 |
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| 111 | 111 | | and inserting the following: 21 |
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| 112 | 112 | | ‘‘(ii) if the violation’’; 22 |
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| 113 | 113 | | (vi) in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) 23 |
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| 114 | 114 | | (as so redesignated), by striking ‘‘40 per-24 |
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| 115 | 115 | | cent of’’ and inserting ‘‘three times’’; and 25 |
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| 118 | 118 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 119 | 119 | | (vii) by adding at the end the fol-1 |
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| 120 | 120 | | lowing: 2 |
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| 121 | 121 | | ‘‘(B) A |
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| 122 | 122 | | DDITIONAL PENALTIES .—A per-3 |
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| 123 | 123 | | son— 4 |
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| 124 | 124 | | ‘‘(i) that commits a grossly negligent 5 |
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| 125 | 125 | | violation of subsection (a) shall be prohib-6 |
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| 126 | 126 | | ited from importing merchandise into the 7 |
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| 127 | 127 | | United States during a period of two years 8 |
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| 128 | 128 | | beginning on the date of entry of a final 9 |
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| 129 | 129 | | judgment with respect to such violation; 10 |
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| 130 | 130 | | and 11 |
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| 131 | 131 | | ‘‘(ii) that is an affiliated person of a 12 |
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| 132 | 132 | | person described in clause (i) shall be pro-13 |
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| 133 | 133 | | hibited from importing merchandise into 14 |
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| 134 | 134 | | the United States during the period de-15 |
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| 135 | 135 | | scribed in such clause. 16 |
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| 136 | 136 | | ‘‘(C) A |
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| 137 | 137 | | FFILIATED PERSON DEFINED .—In 17 |
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| 138 | 138 | | subparagraph (B)(ii), the term ‘affiliated per-18 |
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| 139 | 139 | | son’ has the meaning given that term in section 19 |
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| 140 | 140 | | 771(33).’’. 20 |
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| 141 | 141 | | SEC. 3. PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT ACTION FOR CUSTOMS 21 |
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| 142 | 142 | | FRAUD. 22 |
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| 143 | 143 | | The Tariff Act of 1930 is amended by inserting after 23 |
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| 144 | 144 | | section 592A (19 U.S.C. 1592a) the following: 24 |
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| 147 | 147 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 148 | 148 | | ‘‘SEC. 592B. PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT ACTION FOR CUS-1 |
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| 149 | 149 | | TOMS FRAUD. 2 |
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| 150 | 150 | | ‘‘(a) C |
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| 151 | 151 | | IVILACTION.—An interested party the busi-3 |
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| 152 | 152 | | ness, property, or other financial interest of which is in-4 |
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| 153 | 153 | | jured by a fraudulent or grossly negligent violation of sec-5 |
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| 154 | 154 | | tion 592(a) may bring a civil action against any person 6 |
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| 155 | 155 | | that causes such injury, or any person that aids or abets 7 |
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| 156 | 156 | | that person in violating section 592(a), in any United 8 |
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| 157 | 157 | | States District Court located in a district in which the in-9 |
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| 158 | 158 | | terested party has suffered injury, without regard to the 10 |
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| 159 | 159 | | amount in controversy. 11 |
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| 160 | 160 | | ‘‘(b) R |
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| 161 | 161 | | ELIEF.—Upon proof by an interested party in 12 |
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| 162 | 162 | | a civil action brought under subsection (a) that the busi-13 |
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| 163 | 163 | | ness, property, or other financial interest of the interested 14 |
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| 164 | 164 | | party has been injured by a fraudulent or grossly negligent 15 |
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| 165 | 165 | | violation of section 592(a), the interested party shall— 16 |
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| 166 | 166 | | ‘‘(1)(A) recover compensatory damages equal to 17 |
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| 167 | 167 | | the amount of such injury plus an additional penalty 18 |
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| 168 | 168 | | equal to three times the amount of compensatory 19 |
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| 169 | 169 | | damages; and 20 |
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| 170 | 170 | | ‘‘(B) be granted such equitable relief as may be 21 |
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| 171 | 171 | | appropriate, which may include an injunction 22 |
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| 172 | 172 | | against further importation into the United States 23 |
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| 173 | 173 | | of the merchandise imported into the United States 24 |
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| 174 | 174 | | in violation of section 592(a); and 25 |
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| 177 | 177 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 178 | 178 | | ‘‘(2) recover the costs of bringing the civil ac-1 |
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| 179 | 179 | | tion, including reasonable attorney’s fees. 2 |
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| 180 | 180 | | ‘‘(c) I |
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| 181 | 181 | | NTERVENTION BY THE UNITEDSTATES.— 3 |
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| 182 | 182 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 183 | 183 | | N GENERAL.—The court shall permit the 4 |
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| 184 | 184 | | United States to intervene in an civil action brought 5 |
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| 185 | 185 | | under subsection (a), as a matter of right. The 6 |
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| 186 | 186 | | United States shall have all the rights of a party. 7 |
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| 187 | 187 | | ‘‘(2) S |
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| 188 | 188 | | HARING OF INFORMATION .—Upon a rea-8 |
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| 189 | 189 | | sonable request by the United States Government, 9 |
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| 190 | 190 | | any interested party that brings a civil action under 10 |
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| 191 | 191 | | subsection (a) shall provide to the United States 11 |
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| 192 | 192 | | Government— 12 |
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| 193 | 193 | | ‘‘(A) a copy of the complaint; 13 |
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| 194 | 194 | | ‘‘(B) any memoranda of law or briefing 14 |
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| 195 | 195 | | filed with a court in support of the complaint 15 |
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| 196 | 196 | | as of the date of the request; and 16 |
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| 197 | 197 | | ‘‘(C) if the United States Government 17 |
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| 198 | 198 | | agrees to reimburse the interested party for all 18 |
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| 199 | 199 | | reasonable costs and expenses associated with 19 |
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| 200 | 200 | | responding to the request, any information ob-20 |
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| 201 | 201 | | tained by the interested party through discovery 21 |
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| 202 | 202 | | processes in the civil action as of the date of 22 |
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| 203 | 203 | | the request. 23 |
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| 204 | 204 | | ‘‘(d) N |
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| 205 | 205 | | ULLIFICATION OF ORDER IN NATIONAL 24 |
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| 206 | 206 | | E |
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| 207 | 207 | | MERGENCIES.—An order by a court under this section 25 |
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| 210 | 210 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 211 | 211 | | is subject to nullification by the President under the au-1 |
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| 212 | 212 | | thority provided by section 203 of the International Emer-2 |
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| 213 | 213 | | gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702). 3 |
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| 214 | 214 | | ‘‘(e) I |
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| 215 | 215 | | NTERESTEDPARTYDEFINED.— 4 |
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| 216 | 216 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 217 | 217 | | N GENERAL.—In this section, the term 5 |
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| 218 | 218 | | ‘interested party’ means— 6 |
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| 219 | 219 | | ‘‘(A) a manufacturer, producer, or whole-7 |
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| 220 | 220 | | saler in the United States of like merchandise 8 |
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| 221 | 221 | | or competing merchandise; 9 |
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| 222 | 222 | | ‘‘(B) a certified union or recognized union 10 |
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| 223 | 223 | | or group of workers that is representative of an 11 |
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| 224 | 224 | | industry engaged in the manufacture, produc-12 |
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| 225 | 225 | | tion, or wholesale in the United States of like 13 |
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| 226 | 226 | | merchandise or competing merchandise; or 14 |
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| 227 | 227 | | ‘‘(C) a trade or business association a ma-15 |
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| 228 | 228 | | jority of the members of which manufacture, 16 |
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| 229 | 229 | | produce, or wholesale like merchandise or com-17 |
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| 230 | 230 | | peting merchandise in the United States. 18 |
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| 231 | 231 | | ‘‘(2) C |
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| 232 | 232 | | OMPETING MERCHANDISE .—For pur-19 |
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| 233 | 233 | | poses of paragraph (1), the term ‘competing mer-20 |
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| 234 | 234 | | chandise’ means merchandise that competes with or 21 |
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| 235 | 235 | | is a substitute for merchandise being imported into 22 |
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| 236 | 236 | | the United States in violation of section 592(a). 23 |
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| 237 | 237 | | ‘‘(3) L |
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| 238 | 238 | | IKE MERCHANDISE .—For purposes of 24 |
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| 239 | 239 | | paragraph (1), the term ‘like merchandise’ means 25 |
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| 242 | 242 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 243 | 243 | | merchandise that is like, or in the absence of like, 1 |
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| 244 | 244 | | most similar in characteristics and uses with, mer-2 |
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| 245 | 245 | | chandise being imported into the United States in 3 |
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| 246 | 246 | | violation of section 592(a).’’. 4 |
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| 247 | 247 | | SEC. 4. EXCLUSION OF PERSONS THAT HAVE COMMITTED 5 |
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| 248 | 248 | | FRAUDULENT OR GROSSLY NEGLIGENT VIO-6 |
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| 249 | 249 | | LATIONS OF UNITED STATES CUSTOMS LAWS 7 |
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| 250 | 250 | | FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPORTER OF 8 |
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| 251 | 251 | | RECORD PROGRAM. 9 |
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| 252 | 252 | | Section 114 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade En-10 |
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| 253 | 253 | | forcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4320) is amended— 11 |
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| 254 | 254 | | (1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as 12 |
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| 255 | 255 | | subsection (d) and (e), respectively; and 13 |
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| 256 | 256 | | (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol-14 |
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| 257 | 257 | | lowing: 15 |
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| 258 | 258 | | ‘‘(c) E |
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| 259 | 259 | | XCLUSION.— 16 |
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| 260 | 260 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 261 | 261 | | N GENERAL.—The following persons shall 17 |
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| 262 | 262 | | be ineligible to participate in the importer of record 18 |
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| 263 | 263 | | program: 19 |
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| 264 | 264 | | ‘‘(A) Any person determined by U.S. Cus-20 |
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| 265 | 265 | | toms and Border Protection or a court of com-21 |
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| 266 | 266 | | petent jurisdiction to have committed a fraudu-22 |
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| 267 | 267 | | lent or grossly negligent violation of section 23 |
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| 268 | 268 | | 592(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 24 |
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| 269 | 269 | | 1592(a)). 25 |
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| 272 | 272 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 273 | 273 | | ‘‘(B) Any person that is an affiliated per-1 |
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| 274 | 274 | | son of a person described in subparagraph (A). 2 |
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| 275 | 275 | | ‘‘(2) R |
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| 276 | 276 | | EVOCATION.—The Secretary shall revoke 3 |
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| 277 | 277 | | the importer of record number assigned to any per-4 |
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| 278 | 278 | | son under the importer of record program if the Sec-5 |
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| 279 | 279 | | retary subsequently determines that the person is a 6 |
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| 280 | 280 | | person described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of 7 |
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| 281 | 281 | | paragraph (1). 8 |
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| 282 | 282 | | ‘‘(3) A |
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| 283 | 283 | | FFILIATED PERSON DEFINED .— 9 |
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| 284 | 284 | | ‘‘(A) I |
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| 285 | 285 | | N GENERAL.—For purposes para-10 |
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| 286 | 286 | | graph (1)(B), the term ‘affiliated person’ has 11 |
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| 287 | 287 | | the meaning given that term in section 771(33) 12 |
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| 288 | 288 | | of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(33)). 13 |
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| 289 | 289 | | ‘‘(B) D |
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| 290 | 290 | | EEMED AFFILIATED PERSONS .—In 14 |
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| 291 | 291 | | order to prevent commercial fraud, protect the 15 |
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| 292 | 292 | | revenue, and help prevent the use of shell com-16 |
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| 293 | 293 | | panies by importers that seek to evade the cus-17 |
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| 294 | 294 | | toms and trade laws of the United States, a 18 |
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| 295 | 295 | | person may be deemed to be an affiliated per-19 |
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| 296 | 296 | | son for purposes of paragraph (1)(B) based 20 |
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| 297 | 297 | | upon information declared to U.S. Customs and 21 |
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| 298 | 298 | | Border Protection suggesting a formal or ongo-22 |
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| 299 | 299 | | ing relationship between that person and a per-23 |
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| 300 | 300 | | son described in paragraph (1)(A), including 24 |
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| 301 | 301 | | similarities in imported merchandise (including 25 |
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| 304 | 304 | | •HR 1284 IH |
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| 305 | 305 | | article classification upon importation), common 1 |
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| 306 | 306 | | declared exporters and shippers, and historical 2 |
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| 307 | 307 | | import volumes.’’. 3 |
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| 308 | 308 | | Æ |
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