Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress House Bill HB1438 Compare Versions

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11 I
22 119THCONGRESS
33 1
44 STSESSION H. R. 1438
55 To prohibit the purchase or lease of agricultural land in the United States
66 by persons associated with certain foreign governments, and for other
77 purposes.
88 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
99 FEBRUARY18, 2025
1010 Mr. S
1111 TRONG(for himself, Mr. THOMPSONof California, Mr. NUNNof Iowa,
1212 Mr. M
1313 OOLENAAR, Mr. LAWLER, Mr. DONALDS, Mr. HIGGINSof Lou-
1414 isiana, Mr. M
1515 OOREof Alabama, Mr. SCOTTFRANKLINof Florida, Mr.
1616 R
1717 OGERSof Alabama, Mr. ARRINGTON, Mr. MCGUIRE, and Mr. ADER-
1818 HOLT) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee
1919 on Agriculture, and in addition to the Committees on Foreign Affairs,
2020 and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently de-
2121 termined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions
2222 as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
2323 A BILL
2424 To prohibit the purchase or lease of agricultural land in
2525 the United States by persons associated with certain
2626 foreign governments, and for other purposes.
2727 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
2828 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
2929 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
3030 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting America’s 4
3131 Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025’’. 5
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3434 •HR 1438 IH
3535 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 1
3636 In this Act: 2
3737 (1) A
3838 GRICULTURAL LAND.— 3
3939 (A) I
4040 N GENERAL.—The term ‘‘agricultural 4
4141 land’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-5
4242 tion 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 6
4343 Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508). 7
4444 (B) I
4545 NCLUSION.—The term ‘‘agricultural 8
4646 land’’ includes land described in section 9(1) of 9
4747 the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure 10
4848 Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508(1)) that is used for 11
4949 ranching purposes. 12
5050 (2) C
5151 OVERED PERSON.— 13
5252 (A) I
5353 N GENERAL.—The term ‘‘covered per-14
5454 son’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘person 15
5555 owned by, controlled by, or subject to the juris-16
5656 diction or direction of a foreign adversary’’ in 17
5757 section 7.2 of title 15, Code of Federal Regula-18
5858 tions (as in effect on the date of enactment of 19
5959 this Act), except that each reference to ‘‘foreign 20
6060 adversary’’ in that definition shall be deemed to 21
6161 be a reference to the Government of— 22
6262 (i) Iran; 23
6363 (ii) North Korea; 24
6464 (iii) the People’s Republic of China; or 25
6565 (iv) the Russian Federation. 26
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6868 •HR 1438 IH
6969 (B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘covered per-1
7070 son’’ does not include a United States citizen or 2
7171 an alien lawfully admitted for permanent resi-3
7272 dence to the United States. 4
7373 (3) S
7474 ECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 5
7575 the Secretary of Agriculture. 6
7676 (4) U
7777 NITED STATES.—The term ‘‘United 7
7878 States’’ includes any State, territory, or possession 8
7979 of the United States. 9
8080 SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON PURCHASE OR LEASE OF AGRI-10
8181 CULTURAL LAND IN THE UNITED STATES BY 11
8282 PERSONS ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN FOR-12
8383 EIGN GOVERNMENTS. 13
8484 (a) I
8585 NGENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-14
8686 sion of law, the President shall take such actions as may 15
8787 be necessary to prohibit the purchase or lease by covered 16
8888 persons of— 17
8989 (1) public agricultural land that is owned by the 18
9090 United States and administered by the head of any 19
9191 Federal department or agency, including the Sec-20
9292 retary, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Sec-21
9393 retary of Defense; or 22
9494 (2) private agricultural land located in the 23
9595 United States. 24
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9898 •HR 1438 IH
9999 (b) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 1
100100 all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the 2
101101 International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 3
102102 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out subsection (a). 4
103103 (c) P
104104 ENALTIES.—A person that knowingly violates, 5
105105 attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a viola-6
106106 tion of subsection (a) or any regulation, license, or order 7
107107 issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the 8
108108 penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 9
109109 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 10
110110 (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that com-11
111111 mits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that 12
112112 section. 13
113113 (d) R
114114 ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-14
115115 tion may be construed— 15
116116 (1) to prohibit or otherwise affect the purchase 16
117117 or lease of public or private agricultural land de-17
118118 scribed in subsection (a) by any person other than 18
119119 a covered person; 19
120120 (2) to prohibit or otherwise affect the use of 20
121121 public or private agricultural land described in sub-21
122122 section (a) that is transferred to or acquired by a 22
123123 person other than a covered person from a covered 23
124124 person; or 24
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127127 •HR 1438 IH
128128 (3) to require a covered person that owns or 1
129129 leases public or private agricultural land described in 2
130130 subsection (a) as of the date of enactment of this 3
131131 Act to sell that land. 4
132132 SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON PARTICIPATION IN DEPARTMENT 5
133133 OF AGRICULTURE PROGRAMS BY PERSONS 6
134134 ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN FOREIGN GOV-7
135135 ERNMENTS. 8
136136 (a) I
137137 NGENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 9
138138 (b), notwithstanding any other provision of the law, the 10
139139 President shall take such actions as may be necessary to 11
140140 prohibit participation in Department of Agriculture pro-12
141141 grams by covered persons that have full or partial owner-13
142142 ship of agricultural land in the United States or lease agri-14
143143 cultural land in the United States. 15
144144 (b) E
145145 XCLUSIONS.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to 16
146146 participation in any program— 17
147147 (1) relating to— 18
148148 (A) food inspection or any other food safe-19
149149 ty regulatory requirements; or 20
150150 (B) health and labor safety of individuals; 21
151151 or 22
152152 (2) administered by the Farm Service Agency, 23
153153 with respect to the administration of this Act or the 24
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156156 •HR 1438 IH
157157 Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1
158158 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). 2
159159 (c) P
160160 ROOF OFCITIZENSHIP.—To participate in a De-3
161161 partment of Agriculture program described in subsection 4
162162 (b) (except for a program under this Act or the Agricul-5
163163 tural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 6
164164 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)), a person described in subparagraph 7
165165 (A) of section 2(2) that is a person described in subpara-8
166166 graph (B) of that section shall submit to the Secretary 9
167167 proof that the person is described in subparagraph (B) 10
168168 of that section. 11
169169 SEC. 5. AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLO-12
170170 SURE. 13
171171 (a) I
172172 NCLUSION OF SECURITYINTERESTS AND 14
173173 L
174174 EASES INREPORTINGREQUIREMENTS.— 15
175175 (1) I
176176 N GENERAL.—Section 9 of the Agricultural 16
177177 Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 17
178178 U.S.C. 3508) is amended— 18
179179 (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) 19
180180 through (6) as paragraphs (5) through (7), re-20
181181 spectively; and 21
182182 (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the 22
183183 following: 23
184184 ‘‘(4) the term ‘interest’ includes— 24
185185 ‘‘(A) a security interest; and 25
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188188 •HR 1438 IH
189189 ‘‘(B) a lease, without regard to the dura-1
190190 tion of the lease;’’. 2
191191 (2) C
192192 ONFORMING AMENDMENT .—Section 2 of 3
193193 the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act 4
194194 of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501) is amended by striking ‘‘, 5
195195 other than a security interest,’’ each place it ap-6
196196 pears. 7
197197 (b) C
198198 IVILPENALTY.—Section 3 of the Agricultural 8
199199 Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 9
200200 3502) is amended— 10
201201 (1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘exceed 25 11
202202 percent’’ and inserting ‘‘be less than 15 percent, or 12
203203 exceed 30 percent,’’; and 13
204204 (2) by adding at the end the following: 14
205205 ‘‘(c) L
206206 IENS.—On imposing a penalty under sub-15
207207 section (a), the Secretary shall ensure that a lien is placed 16
208208 on the agricultural land with respect to which the violation 17
209209 occurred, which shall be released only on payment of the 18
210210 penalty.’’. 19
211211 (c) T
212212 RANSPARENCY.—Section 7 of the Agricultural 20
213213 Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 21
214214 3506) is amended to read as follows: 22
215215 ‘‘SEC. 7. PUBLIC DATA SETS. 23
216216 ‘‘(a) I
217217 NGENERAL.—The Secretary shall publish in 24
218218 the internet database established under section 742 of di-25
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221221 •HR 1438 IH
222222 vision B of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (7 1
223223 U.S.C. 3501 note; Public Law 118–42) human-readable 2
224224 and machine-readable data sets that— 3
225225 ‘‘(1) contain all data that the Secretary pos-4
226226 sesses relating to reporting under this Act from each 5
227227 report submitted to the Secretary under section 2; 6
228228 and 7
229229 ‘‘(2) as soon as practicable, but not later than 8
230230 30 days, after the date of receipt of any report 9
231231 under section 2, shall be updated with the data from 10
232232 that report. 11
233233 ‘‘(b) I
234234 NCLUDEDDATA.—The data sets established 12
235235 under subsection (a) shall include— 13
236236 ‘‘(1) a description of— 14
237237 ‘‘(A) the purchase price paid for, or any 15
238238 other consideration given for, each interest in 16
239239 agricultural land for which a report is sub-17
240240 mitted under section 2; and 18
241241 ‘‘(B) updated estimated values of each in-19
242242 terest in agricultural land described in subpara-20
243243 graph (A), as that information is made avail-21
244244 able to the Secretary, based on the most re-22
245245 cently assessed value of the agricultural land or 23
246246 another comparable method determined by the 24
247247 Secretary; and 25
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250250 •HR 1438 IH
251251 ‘‘(2) with respect to any agricultural land for 1
252252 which a report is submitted under section 2, updated 2
253253 descriptions of each foreign person who holds an in-3
254254 terest in at least 1 percent of the agricultural land, 4
255255 as that information is made available to the Sec-5
256256 retary, categorized as a majority owner or a minor-6
257257 ity owner that holds an interest in the agricultural 7
258258 land.’’. 8
259259 (d) D
260260 EFINITION OFFOREIGNPERSON.—Section 9(3) 9
261261 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 10
262262 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508(3)) is amended— 11
263263 (1) in subparagraph (C)(ii)(IV), by striking 12
264264 ‘‘and’’ at the end; 13
265265 (2) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ‘‘and’’ 14
266266 after the semicolon; and 15
267267 (3) by adding at the end the following: 16
268268 ‘‘(E) any person, other than an individual 17
269269 or a government, that issues equity securities 18
270270 that are primarily traded on a foreign securities 19
271271 exchange within— 20
272272 ‘‘(i) Iran; 21
273273 ‘‘(ii) North Korea; 22
274274 ‘‘(iii) the People’s Republic of China; 23
275275 or 24
276276 ‘‘(iv) the Russian Federation;’’. 25
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279279 •HR 1438 IH
280280 SEC. 6. REPORTS. 1
281281 (a) R
282282 EPORTFROM THESECRETARY ON FOREIGN 2
283283 O
284284 WNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURALLAND IN THEUNITED 3
285285 S
286286 TATES.— 4
287287 (1) I
288288 N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 5
289289 the date of enactment of this Act, and once every 2 6
290290 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Con-7
291291 gress a report describing— 8
292292 (A) the risks and benefits, as determined 9
293293 by the Secretary, that are associated with for-10
294294 eign ownership or lease of agricultural land in 11
295295 rural areas (as defined in section 520 of the 12
296296 Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490)); 13
297297 (B) the intended and unintended misrepre-14
298298 sentation of foreign land ownership in the an-15
299299 nual reports prepared by the Secretary describ-16
300300 ing foreign holdings of agricultural land due to 17
301301 inaccurate reporting of foreign holdings of agri-18
302302 cultural land; 19
303303 (C) the specific work that the Secretary 20
304304 has undertaken to monitor erroneous reporting 21
305305 required by the Agricultural Foreign Invest-22
306306 ment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et 23
307307 seq.) that would result in a violation or civil 24
308308 penalty; and 25
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311311 •HR 1438 IH
312312 (D) the role of State and local government 1
313313 authorities in tracking foreign ownership of ag-2
314314 ricultural land in the United States. 3
315315 (2) P
316316 ROTECTION OF INFORMATION .—In car-4
317317 rying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall estab-5
318318 lish a plan to ensure the protection of personally 6
319319 identifiable information. 7
320320 (b) R
321321 EPORTFROM THEDIRECTOR OFNATIONALIN-8
322322 TELLIGENCE ON FOREIGNOWNERSHIP OF AGRICUL-9
323323 TURALLAND IN THEUNITEDSTATES.— 10
324324 (1) I
325325 N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 11
326326 the date of enactment of this Act, and once every 2 12
327327 years thereafter, the Director of National Intel-13
328328 ligence shall submit to the congressional recipients 14
329329 described in paragraph (2) a report describing— 15
330330 (A) an analysis of foreign malign influence 16
331331 (as defined in section 119C(e) of the National 17
332332 Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3059(e))) by 18
333333 covered persons that have foreign ownership in 19
334334 the United States agriculture industry; and 20
335335 (B) the primary motives, as determined by 21
336336 the Director of National Intelligence, of foreign 22
337337 investors to acquire agricultural land. 23
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340340 •HR 1438 IH
341341 (2) CONGRESSIONAL RECIPIENTS DESCRIBED .— 1
342342 The report under paragraph (1) shall be submitted 2
343343 to— 3
344344 (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, 4
345345 and Urban Affairs of the Senate; 5
346346 (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri-6
347347 tion, and Forestry of the Senate; 7
348348 (C) the Select Committee on Intelligence of 8
349349 the Senate; 9
350350 (D) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 10
351351 the Senate; 11
352352 (E) the Committee on Financial Services 12
353353 of the House of Representatives; 13
354354 (F) the Committee on Agriculture of the 14
355355 House of Representatives; 15
356356 (G) the Permanent Select Committee on 16
357357 Intelligence of the House of Representatives; 17
358358 (H) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 18
359359 the House of Representatives; 19
360360 (I) the majority leader of the Senate; 20
361361 (J) the minority leader of the Senate; 21
362362 (K) the Speaker of the House of Rep-22
363363 resentatives; and 23
364364 (L) the minority leader of the House of 24
365365 Representatives. 25
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368368 •HR 1438 IH
369369 (3) CLASSIFICATION.—The report under para-1
370370 graph (1) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, 2
371371 but may include a classified annex. 3
372372 (c) G
373373 OVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICERE-4
374374 PORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 5
375375 of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 6
376376 shall submit to Congress a report describing— 7
377377 (1) a review of resources, staffing, and expertise 8
378378 for carrying out the Agricultural Foreign Investment 9
379379 Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), and 10
380380 enforcement issues limiting the effectiveness of that 11
381381 Act; and 12
382382 (2) any recommended necessary changes to that 13
383383 Act. 14
384384 Æ
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