| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 1486 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To impose sanctions with respect to economic or industrial espionage by |
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| 6 | 6 | | foreign adversarial companies, and for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 8 | 8 | | FEBRUARY21, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. M |
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| 10 | 10 | | CCORMICK(for himself and Mr. MOOLENAAR) introduced the following |
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| 11 | 11 | | bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in ad- |
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| 12 | 12 | | dition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently |
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| 13 | 13 | | determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provi- |
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| 14 | 14 | | sions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned |
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| 15 | 15 | | A BILL |
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| 16 | 16 | | To impose sanctions with respect to economic or industrial |
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| 17 | 17 | | espionage by foreign adversarial companies, and for other |
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| 18 | 18 | | purposes. |
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| 19 | 19 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 20 | 20 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 21 | 21 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 22 | 22 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Economic Espionage 4 |
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| 23 | 23 | | Prevention Act’’. 5 |
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| 24 | 24 | | SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 6 |
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| 25 | 25 | | Congress finds the following: 7 |
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| 28 | 28 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 29 | 29 | | (1) On March 14, 2024, the Department of 1 |
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| 30 | 30 | | State notified Congress of the following: 2 |
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| 31 | 31 | | (A) People’s Republic of China exports of 3 |
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| 32 | 32 | | semiconductors to Russia have increased sub-4 |
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| 33 | 33 | | stantially since Russia’s full-scale invasion of 5 |
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| 34 | 34 | | Ukraine. 6 |
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| 35 | 35 | | (B) In the second half of 2023, China ex-7 |
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| 36 | 36 | | ported between $25,000,000 and $50,000,000 8 |
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| 37 | 37 | | in additional semiconductors to Russia every 9 |
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| 38 | 38 | | month relative to pre-invasion levels. 10 |
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| 39 | 39 | | (C) During the same period, China also ex-11 |
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| 40 | 40 | | ported between $50,000,000 and $100,000,000 12 |
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| 41 | 41 | | in additional exports to Russia every month to 13 |
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| 42 | 42 | | known transshipment hubs. 14 |
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| 43 | 43 | | (D) These exports include both Chinese 15 |
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| 44 | 44 | | and United States-branded semiconductors (in-16 |
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| 45 | 45 | | tegrated circuits), according to analysis of com-17 |
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| 46 | 46 | | mercially available trade data by the Bureau of 18 |
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| 47 | 47 | | Industry and Security of the Department of 19 |
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| 48 | 48 | | Commerce, and are almost certainly supporting 20 |
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| 49 | 49 | | Russia’s military capabilities based on Ukrain-21 |
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| 50 | 50 | | ian analysis of recovered Russian weapons. 22 |
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| 51 | 51 | | (E) Because of the prevalence of United 23 |
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| 52 | 52 | | States manufacturing equipment in global semi-24 |
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| 53 | 53 | | conductor supply chains, nearly all chips pro-25 |
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| 56 | 56 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 57 | 57 | | duced worldwide, including in the People’s Re-1 |
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| 58 | 58 | | public of China, are subject to United States 2 |
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| 59 | 59 | | export controls if destined for Russia or 3 |
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| 60 | 60 | | Belarus. 4 |
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| 61 | 61 | | (F) All advanced semiconductors described 5 |
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| 62 | 62 | | on the Commerce Control List have been sub-6 |
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| 63 | 63 | | ject to a license requirement if destined to an 7 |
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| 64 | 64 | | entity in Russia since its further invasion of 8 |
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| 65 | 65 | | Ukraine. 9 |
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| 66 | 66 | | (2) On April 3, 2024, Deputy Secretary of 10 |
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| 67 | 67 | | State, Kurt Campbell, said ‘‘I think we have as-11 |
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| 68 | 68 | | sessed, over the course of the last couple of months 12 |
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| 69 | 69 | | that Russia has almost completely reconstituted 13 |
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| 70 | 70 | | militarily. And after the initial setbacks on the bat-14 |
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| 71 | 71 | | tlefield delivered to them by a brave and hearty 15 |
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| 72 | 72 | | group in Ukraine, with the support of China in par-16 |
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| 73 | 73 | | ticular, dual use capabilities and a variety of other 17 |
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| 74 | 74 | | efforts, industrial and commercial, Russia has re-18 |
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| 75 | 75 | | tooled and now poses a threat to Ukraine . . . But 19 |
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| 76 | 76 | | not just to Ukraine, its new found capabilities pose 20 |
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| 77 | 77 | | a longer term challenge to stability in Europe and 21 |
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| 78 | 78 | | threatens NATO allies.’’. 22 |
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| 79 | 79 | | SEC. 3. REPORT. 23 |
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| 80 | 80 | | (a) I |
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| 81 | 81 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 24 |
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| 82 | 82 | | date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 25 |
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| 86 | 86 | | in coordination with the heads of relevant Federal depart-1 |
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| 87 | 87 | | ments and agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to the 2 |
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| 88 | 88 | | appropriate congressional committees, a written report 3 |
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| 89 | 89 | | that contains the following: 4 |
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| 90 | 90 | | (1) An analysis and description of the extent to 5 |
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| 91 | 91 | | which any foreign person who is a citizen of the Peo-6 |
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| 92 | 92 | | ple’s Republic of China or an entity organized under 7 |
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| 93 | 93 | | the laws of the People’s Republic of China, or any 8 |
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| 94 | 94 | | foreign person or entity controlled by or operating at 9 |
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| 95 | 95 | | the direction of the Government of the People’s Re-10 |
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| 96 | 96 | | public of China— 11 |
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| 97 | 97 | | (A) is knowingly a material source of crit-12 |
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| 98 | 98 | | ical components necessary for the manufacture 13 |
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| 99 | 99 | | of weapons, vehicles, and other military equip-14 |
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| 100 | 100 | | ment by the defense industrial base of the Rus-15 |
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| 101 | 101 | | sian Federation; 16 |
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| 102 | 102 | | (B) has knowingly delivered critical compo-17 |
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| 103 | 103 | | nents to or entered into any agreement relating 18 |
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| 104 | 104 | | to the sale or delivery of critical components 19 |
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| 105 | 105 | | with any entity operating in the defense or in-20 |
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| 106 | 106 | | telligence sectors of the Government of the Rus-21 |
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| 107 | 107 | | sian Federation; 22 |
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| 108 | 108 | | (C) has knowingly delivered critical compo-23 |
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| 109 | 109 | | nents to or entered into any agreement relating 24 |
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| 110 | 110 | | to the sale or delivery of critical components 25 |
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| 113 | 113 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 114 | 114 | | with any country or entity with which the de-1 |
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| 115 | 115 | | fense or intelligence sectors of the Government 2 |
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| 116 | 116 | | of Russian Federation are cooperating in sup-3 |
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| 117 | 117 | | port of Russia’s war against Ukraine; or 4 |
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| 118 | 118 | | (D) has knowingly delivered critical compo-5 |
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| 119 | 119 | | nents to or entered into any agreement relating 6 |
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| 120 | 120 | | to the sale or delivery of critical components 7 |
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| 121 | 121 | | with a foreign person that knowingly and di-8 |
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| 122 | 122 | | rectly provides these components to the defense 9 |
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| 123 | 123 | | or intelligence sectors of the Government of the 10 |
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| 124 | 124 | | Russian Federation. 11 |
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| 125 | 125 | | (2) The extent to which— 12 |
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| 126 | 126 | | (A) any foreign person that is a citizen of 13 |
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| 127 | 127 | | the People’s Republic of China or an entity or-14 |
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| 128 | 128 | | ganized under the laws of the People’s Republic 15 |
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| 129 | 129 | | of China has knowingly engaged, on or after the 16 |
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| 130 | 130 | | date of the enactment of this Act, in trans-17 |
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| 131 | 131 | | actions with a person that is part of, or oper-18 |
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| 132 | 132 | | ates on behalf of, the defense or intelligence 19 |
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| 133 | 133 | | sectors of the Government of the Russian Fed-20 |
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| 134 | 134 | | eration; 21 |
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| 135 | 135 | | (B) any foreign person identified pursuant 22 |
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| 136 | 136 | | to subparagraph (A) has engaged in trans-23 |
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| 137 | 137 | | actions which would constitute a significant 24 |
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| 138 | 138 | | transaction with persons that have been sanc-25 |
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| 141 | 141 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 142 | 142 | | tioned for being part of, or operating on behalf 1 |
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| 143 | 143 | | of, the defense or intelligence sectors of the 2 |
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| 144 | 144 | | Government of the Russian Federation; or 3 |
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| 145 | 145 | | (C) any foreign person identified pursuant 4 |
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| 146 | 146 | | to subparagraph (A) has been subjected to 5 |
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| 147 | 147 | | sanctions imposed pursuant to sections 231 and 6 |
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| 148 | 148 | | 235 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 7 |
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| 149 | 149 | | Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9525 and 8 |
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| 150 | 150 | | 9529). 9 |
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| 151 | 151 | | (b) F |
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| 152 | 152 | | ORM ANDAVAILABILITY.— 10 |
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| 153 | 153 | | (1) F |
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| 154 | 154 | | ORM.—The report required by subsection 11 |
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| 155 | 155 | | (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 12 |
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| 156 | 156 | | include a classified annex. 13 |
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| 157 | 157 | | (2) A |
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| 158 | 158 | | VAILABILITY.—The unclassified portion of 14 |
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| 159 | 159 | | the report required by subsection (a) may also be 15 |
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| 160 | 160 | | made available to the public. 16 |
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| 161 | 161 | | SEC. 4. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO ECO-17 |
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| 162 | 162 | | NOMIC OR INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE BY FOR-18 |
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| 163 | 163 | | EIGN ADVERSARY ENTITIES. 19 |
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| 164 | 164 | | (a) I |
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| 165 | 165 | | NGENERAL.—On and after the date that is 30 20 |
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| 166 | 166 | | days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Presi-21 |
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| 167 | 167 | | dent (a) may impose the sanctions described in subsection 22 |
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| 168 | 168 | | (c) against any of the foreign persons described in sub-23 |
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| 169 | 169 | | section (b). 24 |
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| 173 | 173 | | (b) FOREIGNPERSONSDESCRIBED.—A foreign per-1 |
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| 174 | 174 | | son is described in this subsection if the President deter-2 |
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| 175 | 175 | | mines on or after the date of the enactment of this Act 3 |
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| 176 | 176 | | that the person is a foreign adversary entity that know-4 |
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| 177 | 177 | | ingly engages in— 5 |
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| 178 | 178 | | (1) economic or industrial espionage with re-6 |
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| 179 | 179 | | spect to trade secrets or proprietary information 7 |
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| 180 | 180 | | owned by United States persons; 8 |
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| 181 | 181 | | (2) the provision of material support or services 9 |
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| 182 | 182 | | to a foreign adversaries’ military, intelligence, or 10 |
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| 183 | 183 | | other national security entities; or 11 |
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| 184 | 184 | | (3) the violation of United States export control 12 |
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| 185 | 185 | | laws. 13 |
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| 186 | 186 | | (c) S |
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| 187 | 187 | | ANCTIONSDESCRIBED.—The sanctions that 14 |
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| 188 | 188 | | may be imposed with respect to a foreign person under 15 |
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| 189 | 189 | | subsection (b) are the following: 16 |
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| 190 | 190 | | (1) P |
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| 191 | 191 | | ROPERTY BLOCKING .—The exercise of all 17 |
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| 192 | 192 | | powers granted to the President by the International 18 |
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| 193 | 193 | | Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 19 |
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| 194 | 194 | | et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit 20 |
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| 195 | 195 | | all transactions in property and interests in property 21 |
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| 196 | 196 | | of the foreign person if such property and interests 22 |
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| 197 | 197 | | in property are in the United States, come within 23 |
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| 198 | 198 | | the United States, or are or come within the posses-24 |
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| 199 | 199 | | sion or control of a United States person. 25 |
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| 202 | 202 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 203 | 203 | | (2) INELIGIBILITY FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, OR 1 |
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| 204 | 204 | | PAROLE.— 2 |
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| 205 | 205 | | (A) V |
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| 206 | 206 | | ISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 3 |
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| 207 | 207 | | alien described in subsection (b) is— 4 |
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| 208 | 208 | | (i) inadmissible to the United States; 5 |
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| 209 | 209 | | (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 6 |
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| 210 | 210 | | documentation to enter the United States; 7 |
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| 211 | 211 | | and 8 |
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| 212 | 212 | | (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 9 |
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| 213 | 213 | | or paroled into the United States or to re-10 |
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| 214 | 214 | | ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-11 |
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| 215 | 215 | | tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 12 |
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| 216 | 216 | | seq.). 13 |
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| 217 | 217 | | (B) C |
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| 218 | 218 | | URRENT VISAS REVOKED .— 14 |
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| 219 | 219 | | (i) I |
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| 220 | 220 | | N GENERAL.—An alien described 15 |
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| 221 | 221 | | in subsection (b) is subject to revocation of 16 |
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| 222 | 222 | | any visa or other entry documentation re-17 |
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| 223 | 223 | | gardless of when the visa or other entry 18 |
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| 224 | 224 | | documentation is or was issued. 19 |
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| 225 | 225 | | (ii) I |
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| 226 | 226 | | MMEDIATE EFFECT .—A revoca-20 |
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| 227 | 227 | | tion under clause (i) shall take effect im-21 |
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| 228 | 228 | | mediately and automatically cancel any 22 |
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| 229 | 229 | | other valid visa or entry documentation 23 |
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| 230 | 230 | | that is in the alien’s possession. 24 |
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| 231 | 231 | | (d) E |
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| 232 | 232 | | XCEPTIONS.— 25 |
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| 236 | 236 | | (1) EXCEPTION FOR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVI -1 |
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| 237 | 237 | | TIES.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply 2 |
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| 238 | 238 | | to any activity subject to the reporting requirements 3 |
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| 239 | 239 | | under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 4 |
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| 240 | 240 | | (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intel-5 |
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| 241 | 241 | | ligence activities of the United States. 6 |
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| 242 | 242 | | (2) E |
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| 243 | 243 | | XCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH INTER -7 |
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| 244 | 244 | | NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS .—Sanctions under sub-8 |
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| 245 | 245 | | section (c)(2) shall not apply with respect to the ad-9 |
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| 246 | 246 | | mission of an alien if admitting or paroling the alien 10 |
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| 247 | 247 | | into the United States is necessary to permit the 11 |
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| 248 | 248 | | United States to comply with— 12 |
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| 249 | 249 | | (A) the Agreement regarding the Head-13 |
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| 250 | 250 | | quarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake 14 |
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| 251 | 251 | | Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force 15 |
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| 252 | 252 | | November 21, 1947, between the United Na-16 |
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| 253 | 253 | | tions and the United States; or 17 |
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| 254 | 254 | | (B) other applicable international obliga-18 |
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| 255 | 255 | | tions. 19 |
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| 256 | 256 | | (3) E |
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| 257 | 257 | | XCEPTION TO CARRY OUT OR ASSIST LAW 20 |
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| 258 | 258 | | ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES .—Sanctions under sub-21 |
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| 259 | 259 | | section (c)(2) shall not apply with respect to an alien 22 |
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| 260 | 260 | | if admitting or paroling the alien into the United 23 |
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| 261 | 261 | | States is necessary to carry out or assist law en-24 |
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| 262 | 262 | | forcement activity in the United States. 25 |
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| 266 | 266 | | (e) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica-1 |
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| 267 | 267 | | tion of sanctions under this section with respect to a for-2 |
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| 268 | 268 | | eign person for renewable periods of not more than 180 3 |
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| 269 | 269 | | days each if the President determines and submits to the 4 |
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| 270 | 270 | | appropriate congressional committees a report that con-5 |
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| 271 | 271 | | tains a determination of the President that such a waiver 6 |
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| 272 | 272 | | is in the national security interests of the United States. 7 |
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| 273 | 273 | | (f) I |
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| 274 | 274 | | MPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 8 |
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| 275 | 275 | | (1) I |
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| 276 | 276 | | MPLEMENTATION.—The President may ex-9 |
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| 277 | 277 | | ercise the authorities provided to the President 10 |
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| 278 | 278 | | under sections 203 and 205 of the International 11 |
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| 279 | 279 | | Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 12 |
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| 280 | 280 | | and 1704) to the extent necessary to carry out this 13 |
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| 281 | 281 | | section. 14 |
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| 282 | 282 | | (2) P |
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| 283 | 283 | | ENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-15 |
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| 284 | 284 | | tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 16 |
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| 285 | 285 | | violation of subsection (a) or any regulation, license, 17 |
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| 286 | 286 | | or order issued to carry out that subsection shall be 18 |
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| 287 | 287 | | subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) 19 |
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| 288 | 288 | | and (c) of section 206 of the International Emer-20 |
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| 289 | 289 | | gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the 21 |
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| 290 | 290 | | same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 22 |
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| 291 | 291 | | act described in subsection (a) of that section. 23 |
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| 292 | 292 | | (3) P |
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| 293 | 293 | | ROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES FOR SANC -24 |
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| 294 | 294 | | TIONS.—The President shall establish procedures 25 |
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| 298 | 298 | | and guidelines for the implementation and enforce-1 |
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| 299 | 299 | | ment of sanctions imposed under this section. 2 |
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| 300 | 300 | | (4) A |
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| 301 | 301 | | NNUAL REPORT.— 3 |
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| 302 | 302 | | (A) Unless the exception in subparagraph 4 |
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| 303 | 303 | | (B) applies, not later than one year after the 5 |
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| 304 | 304 | | date of the enactment of this Act, and for each 6 |
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| 305 | 305 | | of the 5 years thereafter, the President shall 7 |
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| 306 | 306 | | submit to the appropriate congressional com-8 |
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| 307 | 307 | | mittees a report on any notable developments 9 |
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| 308 | 308 | | regarding economic or industrial espionage ac-10 |
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| 309 | 309 | | tivities by foreign persons. 11 |
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| 310 | 310 | | (B) The President shall not be required to 12 |
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| 311 | 311 | | submit the annual report described by subpara-13 |
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| 312 | 312 | | graph (A) if the President has imposed sanc-14 |
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| 313 | 313 | | tions as authorized under this section within 15 |
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| 314 | 314 | | the previous calendar year. 16 |
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| 315 | 315 | | (g) R |
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| 316 | 316 | | ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of this 17 |
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| 317 | 317 | | section, a transaction shall not be construed to include 18 |
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| 318 | 318 | | participation in an international standards-setting body or 19 |
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| 319 | 319 | | the activities of such a body. 20 |
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| 320 | 320 | | SEC. 5. CLARIFYING AMENDMENTS. 21 |
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| 321 | 321 | | Section 203 of the International Emergency Eco-22 |
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| 322 | 322 | | nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702) is amended— 23 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (1) in subsection (b)— 24 |
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| 327 | 327 | | (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 1 |
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| 328 | 328 | | by striking ‘‘, directly or indirectly’’; 2 |
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| 329 | 329 | | (B) in paragraph (3)— 3 |
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| 330 | 330 | | (i) by striking ‘‘including but not lim-4 |
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| 331 | 331 | | ited to’’ and all that follows through ‘‘news 5 |
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| 332 | 332 | | wire feeds.’’ and inserting ‘‘except to the 6 |
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| 333 | 333 | | extent that the President determines that 7 |
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| 334 | 334 | | such imports and exports would seriously 8 |
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| 335 | 335 | | impair his ability to deal with any national 9 |
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| 336 | 336 | | emergency declared under section 202.’’; 10 |
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| 337 | 337 | | and 11 |
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| 338 | 338 | | (ii) by striking ‘‘under section 5 of the 12 |
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| 339 | 339 | | Export Administration Act of 1979, or 13 |
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| 340 | 340 | | under section 6 of such Act’’ and inserting 14 |
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| 341 | 341 | | ‘‘under other statutory or regulatory ex-15 |
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| 342 | 342 | | port control authorities’’; and 16 |
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| 343 | 343 | | (C) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘, ex-17 |
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| 344 | 344 | | cept to the extent that the President determines 18 |
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| 345 | 345 | | that such imports and exports would seriously 19 |
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| 346 | 346 | | impair the ability to deal with any national 20 |
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| 347 | 347 | | emergency declared under section 202’’ before 21 |
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| 348 | 348 | | the period at the end; and 22 |
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| 349 | 349 | | (2) by adding at the end the following: 23 |
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| 350 | 350 | | ‘‘(d) R |
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| 351 | 351 | | ULES OFCONSTRUCTIONRELATING TOSEN-24 |
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| 352 | 352 | | SITIVE ANDPERSONALDATA.—The communication, the 25 |
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| 355 | 355 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 356 | 356 | | importation to a country, or the exportation from a coun-1 |
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| 357 | 357 | | try, directly or indirectly, whether commercial or other-2 |
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| 358 | 358 | | wise, of bulk sensitive personal data or of source code used 3 |
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| 359 | 359 | | in a connected software application may not be construed 4 |
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| 360 | 360 | | to constitute— 5 |
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| 361 | 361 | | ‘‘(1) a ‘postal, telegraphic, telephonic, or other 6 |
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| 362 | 362 | | personal communication’, for purposes of subsection 7 |
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| 363 | 363 | | (b)(1); or 8 |
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| 364 | 364 | | ‘‘(2) an importation from a country, or an ex-9 |
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| 365 | 365 | | portation to a country, of ‘information or informa-10 |
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| 366 | 366 | | tional materials’, for purposes of subsection (b)(3).’’. 11 |
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| 367 | 367 | | SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. 12 |
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| 368 | 368 | | In this Act: 13 |
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| 369 | 369 | | (1) A |
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| 370 | 370 | | PPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT -14 |
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| 371 | 371 | | TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-15 |
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| 372 | 372 | | mittees’’ means— 16 |
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| 373 | 373 | | (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 17 |
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| 374 | 374 | | the House of Representatives; and 18 |
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| 375 | 375 | | (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 19 |
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| 376 | 376 | | the Senate. 20 |
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| 377 | 377 | | (2) E |
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| 378 | 378 | | CONOMIC OR INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE .— 21 |
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| 379 | 379 | | The term ‘‘economic or industrial espionage’’ has 22 |
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| 380 | 380 | | the meaning given that term in section 1637(d) of 23 |
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| 381 | 381 | | the Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon Na-24 |
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| 384 | 384 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 385 | 385 | | tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1 |
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| 386 | 386 | | 2015. 2 |
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| 387 | 387 | | (3) F |
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| 388 | 388 | | OREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per-3 |
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| 389 | 389 | | son’’ means any person that is not a United States 4 |
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| 390 | 390 | | person. 5 |
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| 391 | 391 | | (4) K |
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| 392 | 392 | | NOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, with 6 |
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| 393 | 393 | | respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, 7 |
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| 394 | 394 | | means that a person has actual knowledge, or should 8 |
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| 395 | 395 | | have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the 9 |
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| 396 | 396 | | result. 10 |
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| 397 | 397 | | (5) O |
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| 398 | 398 | | WN, PROPRIETARY INFORMATION , AND 11 |
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| 399 | 399 | | TRADE SECRET.—The terms ‘‘own’’, ‘‘proprietary in-12 |
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| 400 | 400 | | formation’’, and ‘‘trade secret’’ have the meanings 13 |
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| 401 | 401 | | given those terms in section 1637(d) of the Carl 14 |
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| 402 | 402 | | Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National De-15 |
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| 403 | 403 | | fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (50 16 |
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| 404 | 404 | | U.S.C. 1708(d)). 17 |
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| 405 | 405 | | (6) P |
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| 406 | 406 | | ERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means an in-18 |
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| 407 | 407 | | dividual or entity. 19 |
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| 408 | 408 | | (7) U |
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| 409 | 409 | | NITED STATES PERSON .—The term 20 |
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| 410 | 410 | | ‘‘United States person’’ means— 21 |
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| 411 | 411 | | (A) a United States citizen or an alien law-22 |
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| 412 | 412 | | fully admitted for permanent residence to the 23 |
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| 413 | 413 | | United States; or 24 |
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| 416 | 416 | | •HR 1486 IH |
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| 417 | 417 | | (B) an entity organized under the laws of 1 |
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| 418 | 418 | | the United States or any jurisdiction within the 2 |
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| 419 | 419 | | United States, including a foreign branch of 3 |
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| 420 | 420 | | such an entity. 4 |
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| 421 | 421 | | (8) F |
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| 422 | 422 | | OREIGN ADVERSARY .—The term ‘‘foreign 5 |
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| 423 | 423 | | adversary’’ means the countries listed in section 7.4 6 |
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| 424 | 424 | | of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations. 7 |
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| 425 | 425 | | Æ |
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