| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 1802 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To prohibit the use of animals in federally funded research, promote the |
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| 6 | 6 | | adoption of humane and scientifically advanced alternatives, and ensure |
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| 7 | 7 | | the ethical rehoming of retired research animals, and for other purposes. |
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| 8 | 8 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 9 | 9 | | MARCH3, 2025 |
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| 10 | 10 | | Ms. M |
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| 11 | 11 | | ALLIOTAKIS(for herself and Mr. BEANof Florida) introduced the fol- |
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| 12 | 12 | | lowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and |
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| 13 | 13 | | Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Com- |
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| 14 | 14 | | merce, Agriculture, and Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined |
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| 15 | 15 | | by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall |
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| 16 | 16 | | within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned |
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| 17 | 17 | | A BILL |
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| 18 | 18 | | To prohibit the use of animals in federally funded research, |
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| 19 | 19 | | promote the adoption of humane and scientifically ad- |
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| 20 | 20 | | vanced alternatives, and ensure the ethical rehoming of |
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| 21 | 21 | | retired research animals, and for other purposes. |
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| 22 | 22 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 23 | 23 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 24 | 24 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 25 | 25 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Safeguard Pets, Ani-4 |
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| 26 | 26 | | mals, and Research Ethics Act’’ or the ‘‘SPARE Act’’. 5 |
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| 28 | 28 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 2 |
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| 29 | 29 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 30 | 30 | | SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 1 |
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| 31 | 31 | | Congress finds the following: 2 |
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| 32 | 32 | | (1) Tens of millions of animals are used annu-3 |
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| 33 | 33 | | ally in federally funded research, including dogs, 4 |
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| 34 | 34 | | cats, rabbits, primates, and other species. 5 |
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| 35 | 35 | | (2) Many of these animals cost thousands of 6 |
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| 36 | 36 | | tax dollars each, burdening taxpayers with billions of 7 |
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| 37 | 37 | | dollars annually in inefficient and unnecessary re-8 |
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| 38 | 38 | | search costs. 9 |
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| 39 | 39 | | (3) Modern non-animal research alternatives, 10 |
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| 40 | 40 | | such as human-cell-based models, artificial intel-11 |
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| 41 | 41 | | ligence, and organ-on-chip technology, provide more 12 |
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| 42 | 42 | | reliable and ethical research methods. 13 |
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| 43 | 43 | | (4) The continued use of animals in federally 14 |
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| 44 | 44 | | funded research contradicts existing Three Rs (Re-15 |
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| 45 | 45 | | duce, Refine, Replace) policy goals aimed at reduc-16 |
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| 46 | 46 | | ing reliance on animal models. 17 |
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| 47 | 47 | | (5) Many animals used in federally funded re-18 |
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| 48 | 48 | | search are viable for adoption or sanctuary place-19 |
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| 49 | 49 | | ment upon the cessation of experiments. 20 |
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| 50 | 50 | | SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN RESEARCH, TESTING, 21 |
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| 51 | 51 | | AND EXPERIMENTATION THAT UTILIZES AN 22 |
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| 52 | 52 | | ANIMAL. 23 |
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| 53 | 53 | | (a) I |
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| 54 | 54 | | NGENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in 24 |
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| 55 | 55 | | this section, a Federal department, Federal agency, Fed-25 |
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| 56 | 56 | | eral contractor, subcontractor, or grantee may not author-26 |
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| 58 | 58 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 3 |
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| 59 | 59 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 60 | 60 | | ize, obligate or expend funds for, or otherwise engage in 1 |
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| 61 | 61 | | research, testing, and experimentation that utilizes an ani-2 |
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| 62 | 62 | | mal. 3 |
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| 63 | 63 | | (b) S |
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| 64 | 64 | | ANCTIONS ANDPENALTIES.— 4 |
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| 65 | 65 | | (1) C |
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| 66 | 66 | | IVIL PENALTY.—A Federal contractor, 5 |
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| 67 | 67 | | subcontractor, or grantee that violates subsection (a) 6 |
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| 68 | 68 | | or subsection (f)(1) shall be subject to a civil penalty 7 |
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| 69 | 69 | | in an amount of not more than $250,000. 8 |
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| 70 | 70 | | (2) S |
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| 71 | 71 | | ANCTIONS.— 9 |
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| 72 | 72 | | (A) F |
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| 73 | 73 | | EDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND AGEN -10 |
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| 74 | 74 | | CIES.—If the Secretary of Agriculture or the 11 |
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| 75 | 75 | | Director of the National Institutes of Health 12 |
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| 76 | 76 | | determines that a Federal department or agen-13 |
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| 77 | 77 | | cy has violated subsection (a) or subsection 14 |
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| 78 | 78 | | (f)(1), such department or agency shall imple-15 |
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| 79 | 79 | | ment a plan, which may include a reporting re-16 |
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| 80 | 80 | | quirement, prescribed by such Secretary or Di-17 |
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| 81 | 81 | | rector, as the case may be, to correct the viola-18 |
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| 82 | 82 | | tion. 19 |
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| 83 | 83 | | (B) F |
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| 84 | 84 | | EDERAL CONTRACTORS , SUB-20 |
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| 85 | 85 | | CONTRACTORS, AND GRANTEES .—Notwith-21 |
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| 86 | 86 | | standing any other provision of law, if the Sec-22 |
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| 87 | 87 | | retary of Agriculture or the Director of the Na-23 |
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| 88 | 88 | | tional Institutes of Health determines, after 24 |
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| 89 | 89 | | reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing, 25 |
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| 91 | 91 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 4 |
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| 92 | 92 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 93 | 93 | | that a Federal contractor, subcontractor, or 1 |
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| 94 | 94 | | grantee has violated subsection (a) or sub-2 |
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| 95 | 95 | | section (f)(1), such contractor, subcontractor, 3 |
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| 96 | 96 | | or grantee may be prohibited from receiving, for 4 |
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| 97 | 97 | | a period of time specified by such Secretary or 5 |
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| 98 | 98 | | Director, as the case may be, a Federal grant 6 |
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| 99 | 99 | | for research, testing, and experimentation. 7 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (c) D |
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| 101 | 101 | | ELAYEDAPPLICATION.— 8 |
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| 102 | 102 | | (1) E |
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| 103 | 103 | | IGHTEEN MONTHS .—With respect to re-9 |
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| 104 | 104 | | search, testing, and experimentation that utilizes an 10 |
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| 105 | 105 | | animal and relates to cosmetic testing, toxicity test-11 |
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| 106 | 106 | | ing, or basic psychological or behavioral experi-12 |
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| 107 | 107 | | menting, subsection (a) shall not apply until 18 13 |
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| 108 | 108 | | months after the date of the enactment of this sec-14 |
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| 109 | 109 | | tion. 15 |
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| 110 | 110 | | (2) T |
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| 111 | 111 | | HREE YEARS.—With respect to research, 16 |
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| 112 | 112 | | testing, and experimentation that utilizes an animal 17 |
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| 113 | 113 | | and relates to biomedical experimenting or drug 18 |
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| 114 | 114 | | testing, subsection (a) shall not apply until three 19 |
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| 115 | 115 | | years after the date of the enactment of this section. 20 |
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| 116 | 116 | | (d) E |
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| 117 | 117 | | XCEPTIONS.— 21 |
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| 118 | 118 | | (1) C |
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| 119 | 119 | | ERTAIN VETERINARY RESEARCH OR ANI -22 |
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| 120 | 120 | | MALS.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to research, 23 |
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| 121 | 121 | | testing, and experimentation that utilizes an animal 24 |
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| 122 | 122 | | and relates to any of the following: 25 |
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| 125 | 125 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 126 | 126 | | (A) Clinical veterinary research. 1 |
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| 127 | 127 | | (B) A physical exam, training program, or 2 |
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| 128 | 128 | | study relating to a military animal or service 3 |
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| 129 | 129 | | animal. 4 |
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| 130 | 130 | | (2) C |
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| 131 | 131 | | ONGRESSIONAL AUTHORIZATION .—A Fed-5 |
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| 132 | 132 | | eral department, Federal agency, Federal contractor, 6 |
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| 133 | 133 | | subcontractor, or grantee may authorize, obligate or 7 |
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| 134 | 134 | | expend funds for, or otherwise engage in research, 8 |
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| 135 | 135 | | testing, and experimentation that utilizes an animal 9 |
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| 136 | 136 | | if the following requirements are satisfied: 10 |
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| 137 | 137 | | (A) The head of such department, agency, 11 |
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| 138 | 138 | | contractor, subcontractor, or grantee submits to 12 |
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| 139 | 139 | | Congress an application that states the fol-13 |
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| 140 | 140 | | lowing: 14 |
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| 141 | 141 | | (i) Such research, testing, and experi-15 |
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| 142 | 142 | | mentation would relate to an infectious 16 |
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| 143 | 143 | | disease or national security. 17 |
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| 144 | 144 | | (ii) Such research, testing, and experi-18 |
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| 145 | 145 | | mentation would utilize such animal spar-19 |
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| 146 | 146 | | ingly. 20 |
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| 147 | 147 | | (iii) Such head has determined that 21 |
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| 148 | 148 | | an alternative does not exist for such re-22 |
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| 149 | 149 | | search, testing, and experimentation. 23 |
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| 150 | 150 | | (B) After Congress receives the application 24 |
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| 151 | 151 | | described in subparagraph (A), Congress enacts 25 |
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| 154 | 154 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 155 | 155 | | a joint resolution that authorizes such research, 1 |
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| 156 | 156 | | testing, and experimentation for a period of not 2 |
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| 157 | 157 | | more than one year. 3 |
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| 158 | 158 | | (e) F |
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| 159 | 159 | | EDERALRESEARCHMODERNIZATIONFUND.— 4 |
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| 160 | 160 | | (1) I |
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| 161 | 161 | | N GENERAL.—The Federal Research Mod-5 |
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| 162 | 162 | | ernization Fund (in this subsection referred to as 6 |
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| 163 | 163 | | the ‘‘Fund’’) is established in the National Science 7 |
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| 164 | 164 | | Foundation. 8 |
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| 165 | 165 | | (2) F |
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| 166 | 166 | | UNCTIONS.—Not later than one year after 9 |
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| 167 | 167 | | the date of the enactment of this section, the Direc-10 |
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| 168 | 168 | | tor of the National Science Foundation, through the 11 |
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| 169 | 169 | | Fund, shall carry out the following: 12 |
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| 170 | 170 | | (A) Establish a program to award grants 13 |
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| 171 | 171 | | on a competitive basis to transition research, 14 |
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| 172 | 172 | | testing, and experimentation that utilizes an 15 |
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| 173 | 173 | | animal to research, testing, and experimen-16 |
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| 174 | 174 | | tation that does not utilize an animal, and not 17 |
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| 175 | 175 | | less than one grant under such program shall 18 |
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| 176 | 176 | | be awarded to a non-profit rescue or rehabilita-19 |
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| 177 | 177 | | tion organization. 20 |
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| 178 | 178 | | (B) For Federal contractors engaging in 21 |
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| 179 | 179 | | research, testing, and experimentation that uti-22 |
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| 180 | 180 | | lizes an animal, offer training to such contrac-23 |
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| 181 | 181 | | tors to transition such research, testing, and ex-24 |
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| 183 | 183 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 7 |
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| 184 | 184 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 185 | 185 | | perimentation to research, testing, and experi-1 |
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| 186 | 186 | | mentation that does not utilize an animal. 2 |
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| 187 | 187 | | (C) Establish a program to facilitate col-3 |
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| 188 | 188 | | laboration between entities to expedite any 4 |
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| 189 | 189 | | transition of research, testing, and experimen-5 |
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| 190 | 190 | | tation that utilizes an animal to research, test-6 |
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| 191 | 191 | | ing, and experimentation that does not utilize 7 |
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| 192 | 192 | | an animal. 8 |
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| 193 | 193 | | (D) Establish a program to support the 9 |
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| 194 | 194 | | validation and standardization of research, test-10 |
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| 195 | 195 | | ing, and experimentation that does not utilize 11 |
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| 196 | 196 | | an animal. 12 |
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| 197 | 197 | | (f) A |
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| 198 | 198 | | NIMALRELEASEPROGRAM.— 13 |
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| 199 | 199 | | (1) I |
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| 200 | 200 | | N GENERAL.—Any federally funded re-14 |
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| 201 | 201 | | search facility that has utilized an animal for re-15 |
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| 202 | 202 | | search, testing, and experimentation prohibited 16 |
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| 203 | 203 | | under this section shall carry out the following: 17 |
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| 204 | 204 | | (A) Not later than one year after the date 18 |
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| 205 | 205 | | of the enactment of this section, establish a 19 |
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| 206 | 206 | | program to release each such animal to any of 20 |
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| 207 | 207 | | the following: 21 |
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| 208 | 208 | | (i) An animal rescue organization. 22 |
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| 209 | 209 | | (ii) An accredited sanctuary. 23 |
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| 210 | 210 | | (iii) A licensed animal shelter. 24 |
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| 214 | 214 | | (iv) An individual eligible to receive 1 |
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| 215 | 215 | | such animal. 2 |
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| 216 | 216 | | (B) In carrying out the program described 3 |
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| 217 | 217 | | in subparagraph (A), consult with an accredited 4 |
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| 218 | 218 | | sanctuary or a specialist in animal behavioral 5 |
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| 219 | 219 | | rehabilitation. 6 |
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| 220 | 220 | | (C) Before releasing such animal pursuant 7 |
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| 221 | 221 | | to such subparagraph, receive from a licensed 8 |
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| 222 | 222 | | veterinarian a certification that states such ani-9 |
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| 223 | 223 | | mal is suitable for release. 10 |
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| 224 | 224 | | (D) Not later than 16 months after the 11 |
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| 225 | 225 | | date of the enactment of this section and quar-12 |
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| 226 | 226 | | terly thereafter, submit to the Animal and 13 |
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| 227 | 227 | | Plant Health Inspection Service of the Depart-14 |
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| 228 | 228 | | ment of Agriculture and the Office of Labora-15 |
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| 229 | 229 | | tory Animal Welfare of the National Institutes 16 |
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| 230 | 230 | | of Health information relating to the number of 17 |
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| 231 | 231 | | animals released pursuant to such subpara-18 |
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| 232 | 232 | | graph. 19 |
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| 233 | 233 | | (2) P |
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| 234 | 234 | | UBLIC DATABASE.—Not later than 20 20 |
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| 235 | 235 | | months after the date of the enactment of this sec-21 |
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| 236 | 236 | | tion, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Director 22 |
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| 237 | 237 | | of the National Institutes of Health shall jointly de-23 |
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| 238 | 238 | | velop, maintain not less than quarterly, and make 24 |
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| 240 | 240 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 9 |
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| 241 | 241 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 242 | 242 | | publicly available a database on each animal released 1 |
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| 243 | 243 | | pursuant such program. 2 |
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| 244 | 244 | | (g) A |
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| 245 | 245 | | UDITS.—Not later than one year after the date 3 |
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| 246 | 246 | | of the enactment of this section and annually thereafter, 4 |
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| 247 | 247 | | the Comptroller General of the United States, in consulta-5 |
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| 248 | 248 | | tion with the personnel of the Animal and Plant Health 6 |
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| 249 | 249 | | Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture and 7 |
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| 250 | 250 | | the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare of the National 8 |
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| 251 | 251 | | Institutes of Health, shall carry out the following: 9 |
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| 252 | 252 | | (1) Audit each Federal department, Federal 10 |
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| 253 | 253 | | agency, Federal contractor, subcontractor, or grant-11 |
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| 254 | 254 | | ee for compliance with this section. 12 |
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| 255 | 255 | | (2) Submit a report to Congress on the compli-13 |
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| 256 | 256 | | ance of each such department, agency, contractor, 14 |
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| 257 | 257 | | subcontractor, or grantee with this section. 15 |
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| 258 | 258 | | (h) C |
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| 259 | 259 | | ONGRESSIONALHEARINGS.—Not later than two 16 |
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| 260 | 260 | | years after the date of the enactment of this section and 17 |
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| 261 | 261 | | annually thereafter, each House of Congress shall hold a 18 |
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| 262 | 262 | | hearing on the annual report submitted under subsection 19 |
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| 263 | 263 | | (g). 20 |
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| 264 | 264 | | (i) C |
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| 265 | 265 | | ONFLICT.—If a conflict exists between the Ani-21 |
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| 266 | 266 | | mal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.), or the Federal 22 |
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| 267 | 267 | | Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), 23 |
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| 268 | 268 | | and this section, this section shall apply. 24 |
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| 269 | 269 | | (j) D |
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| 270 | 270 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 25 |
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| 273 | 273 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 274 | 274 | | (1) ACCREDITED SANCTUARY .—The term ‘‘ac-1 |
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| 275 | 275 | | credited sanctuary’’ means a facility or organization 2 |
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| 276 | 276 | | that satisfies the following requirements: 3 |
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| 277 | 277 | | (A) Provides lifetime care and shelter to 4 |
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| 278 | 278 | | animals. 5 |
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| 279 | 279 | | (B) Maintains animals in a protective envi-6 |
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| 280 | 280 | | ronment without engaging in breeding, commer-7 |
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| 281 | 281 | | cial trade, or for-profit public exhibition. 8 |
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| 282 | 282 | | (C) Possesses an accreditation by a nation-9 |
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| 283 | 283 | | ally recognized accrediting body, such as the 10 |
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| 284 | 284 | | Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries, or 11 |
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| 285 | 285 | | another entity designated by the Secretary of 12 |
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| 286 | 286 | | Agriculture. 13 |
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| 287 | 287 | | (D) Adheres to standards of animal care, 14 |
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| 288 | 288 | | including adequate housing, nutrition, and vet-15 |
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| 289 | 289 | | erinary attention, verified through periodic re-16 |
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| 290 | 290 | | views conducted as a condition of such accredi-17 |
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| 291 | 291 | | tation. 18 |
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| 292 | 292 | | (2) A |
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| 293 | 293 | | NIMAL.—The term ‘‘animal’’ means a liv-19 |
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| 294 | 294 | | ing or dead dog, cat, non-human primate, guinea 20 |
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| 295 | 295 | | pig, hamster, rabbit, or other warm-blooded animal 21 |
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| 296 | 296 | | that the Secretary of Agriculture designates as being 22 |
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| 297 | 297 | | used, or intended to be used, for research, testing, 23 |
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| 298 | 298 | | and experimentation, exhibition, or as a pet. 24 |
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| 301 | 301 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 302 | 302 | | (3) ANIMAL RESCUE ORGANIZATION .—The term 1 |
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| 303 | 303 | | ‘‘animal rescue organization’’ means an organization 2 |
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| 304 | 304 | | that satisfies the following requirements: 3 |
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| 305 | 305 | | (A) Is described in section 501(c)(3) of the 4 |
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| 306 | 306 | | Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt 5 |
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| 307 | 307 | | from tax under section 501(a) of such Code. 6 |
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| 308 | 308 | | (B) Is primarily dedicated to the rescue, 7 |
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| 309 | 309 | | rehabilitation, and placement of animals into 8 |
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| 310 | 310 | | adoptive homes or other suitable environments, 9 |
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| 311 | 311 | | including with respect to the following: 10 |
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| 312 | 312 | | (i) Taking custody of such animals 11 |
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| 313 | 313 | | from research facilities, shelters, or other 12 |
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| 314 | 314 | | sources. 13 |
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| 315 | 315 | | (ii) Providing necessary care, includ-14 |
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| 316 | 316 | | ing veterinary treatment and socialization, 15 |
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| 317 | 317 | | to such animals. 16 |
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| 318 | 318 | | (iii) Facilitating the adoption or 17 |
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| 319 | 319 | | transfer of such animals to permanent 18 |
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| 320 | 320 | | placements. 19 |
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| 321 | 321 | | (iv) Maintaining records of the intake, 20 |
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| 322 | 322 | | care, and disposition of such animals. 21 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (C) Does not engage in the commercial 22 |
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| 324 | 324 | | sale or trade of animals. 23 |
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| 325 | 325 | | (4) C |
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| 326 | 326 | | LINICAL VETERINARY RESEARCH .—The 24 |
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| 327 | 327 | | term ‘‘clinical veterinary research’’ means research 25 |
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| 330 | 330 | | •HR 1802 IH |
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| 331 | 331 | | on a dog or cat with a naturally occurring disease 1 |
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| 332 | 332 | | or injury that is conducted— 2 |
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| 333 | 333 | | (A) for the benefit of the dog or cat; and 3 |
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| 334 | 334 | | (B) with the intention of studying the ef-4 |
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| 335 | 335 | | fect of a procedure, device, or treatment pro-5 |
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| 336 | 336 | | tocol. 6 |
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| 337 | 337 | | (5) G |
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| 338 | 338 | | RANTEE.—The term ‘‘grantee’’ means an 7 |
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| 339 | 339 | | entity that receives Federal research funds under a 8 |
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| 340 | 340 | | grant agreement with a Federal department or agen-9 |
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| 341 | 341 | | cy. 10 |
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| 342 | 342 | | (6) L |
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| 343 | 343 | | ICENSED ANIMAL SHELTER .—The term 11 |
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| 344 | 344 | | ‘‘licensed animal shelter’’ means a facility that satis-12 |
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| 345 | 345 | | fies the following requirements: 13 |
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| 346 | 346 | | (A) Is operated by or under contract with 14 |
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| 347 | 347 | | a State or local government, a duly incor-15 |
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| 348 | 348 | | porated humane society, or an organization de-16 |
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| 349 | 349 | | scribed in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Rev-17 |
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| 350 | 350 | | enue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under 18 |
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| 351 | 351 | | section 501(a) of such Code. 19 |
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| 352 | 352 | | (B) Is licensed or registered under any ap-20 |
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| 353 | 353 | | plicable law to impound, harbor, or care for 21 |
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| 354 | 354 | | stray, abandoned, or surrendered animals, in-22 |
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| 355 | 355 | | cluding animals released from research facili-23 |
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| 356 | 356 | | ties. 24 |
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| 360 | 360 | | (C) Provides humane care and treatment 1 |
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| 361 | 361 | | to such animals. 2 |
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| 362 | 362 | | (D) Facilitates the adoption or transfer of 3 |
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| 363 | 363 | | such animals to suitable placements. 4 |
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| 364 | 364 | | (7) M |
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| 365 | 365 | | ILITARY ANIMAL.—The term ‘‘military 5 |
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| 366 | 366 | | animal’’ has the meaning given the term in section 6 |
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| 367 | 367 | | 2583 of title 10, United States Code. 7 |
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| 368 | 368 | | (8) R |
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| 369 | 369 | | ESEARCH, TESTING, AND EXPERIMEN -8 |
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| 370 | 370 | | TATION.—The term ‘‘research, testing, and experi-9 |
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| 371 | 371 | | mentation’’ includes any of the following: 10 |
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| 372 | 372 | | (A) Basic research. 11 |
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| 373 | 373 | | (B) Behavioral research. 12 |
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| 374 | 374 | | (C) Infectious disease research. 13 |
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| 375 | 375 | | (D) Drug and device development and test-14 |
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| 376 | 376 | | ing. 15 |
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| 377 | 377 | | (E) Cosmetic development and testing. 16 |
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| 378 | 378 | | (F) Chemical development and testing. 17 |
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| 379 | 379 | | (G) Biomedical training. 18 |
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| 380 | 380 | | (9) S |
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| 381 | 381 | | ERVICE ANIMAL.—The term ‘‘service ani-19 |
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| 382 | 382 | | mal’’ has the meaning given the term in section 37.3 20 |
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| 383 | 383 | | of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations. 21 |
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| 384 | 384 | | (10) S |
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| 385 | 385 | | UBCONTRACTOR.—The term ‘‘subcon-22 |
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| 386 | 386 | | tractor’’ means an entity that performs work under 23 |
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| 390 | 390 | | a subcontract funded by a Federal research grant or 1 |
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| 391 | 391 | | another Federal contract. 2 |
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| 392 | 392 | | Æ |
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