| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 2052 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To impose sanctions on the Houthis for attacks on international shipping, |
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| 6 | 6 | | and for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 8 | 8 | | MARCH11, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. G |
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| 10 | 10 | | REENof Tennessee (for himself, Mr. MCCAUL, Mr. PERRY, and Mrs. |
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| 11 | 11 | | K |
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| 12 | 12 | | IM) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee |
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| 13 | 13 | | on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, |
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| 14 | 14 | | for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case |
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| 15 | 15 | | for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the |
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| 16 | 16 | | committee concerned |
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| 17 | 17 | | A BILL |
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| 18 | 18 | | To impose sanctions on the Houthis for attacks on |
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| 19 | 19 | | international shipping, and for other purposes. |
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| 20 | 20 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 21 | 21 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 22 | 22 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 23 | 23 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Combating Houthi 4 |
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| 24 | 24 | | Threats and Aggression Act’’. 5 |
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| 25 | 25 | | SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 6 |
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| 26 | 26 | | It is the policy of the United States to work with 7 |
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| 27 | 27 | | United States allies and partners to safeguard maritime 8 |
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| 30 | 30 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 31 | 31 | | security in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including 1 |
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| 32 | 32 | | by supporting interdiction efforts and by opposing attacks 2 |
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| 33 | 33 | | on international shipping that threaten the free flow of 3 |
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| 34 | 34 | | commerce, endanger innocent mariners, and violate inter-4 |
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| 35 | 35 | | national law, as such attacks harm the global economy, 5 |
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| 36 | 36 | | destabilize the Middle East and Africa region, and under-6 |
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| 37 | 37 | | mine United States national security interests. 7 |
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| 38 | 38 | | SEC. 3. REPORT ON CAPABILITY OF THE HOUTHIS TO 8 |
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| 39 | 39 | | THREATEN UNITED STATES NATIONAL SECU-9 |
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| 40 | 40 | | RITY AND FOREIGN POLICY GOALS. 10 |
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| 41 | 41 | | (a) I |
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| 42 | 42 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 11 |
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| 43 | 43 | | date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 12 |
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| 44 | 44 | | the President shall submit to the appropriate congres-13 |
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| 45 | 45 | | sional committees a report on the capability of the Houthis 14 |
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| 46 | 46 | | (also known as ‘‘Ansar Allah’’) to threaten United States 15 |
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| 47 | 47 | | national security and foreign policy goals. 16 |
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| 48 | 48 | | (b) M |
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| 49 | 49 | | ATTERSTOBEINCLUDED.—The report re-17 |
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| 50 | 50 | | quired by subsection (a) shall include the following: 18 |
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| 51 | 51 | | (1) An assessment of senior Houthi leadership’ 19 |
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| 52 | 52 | | intentions and capacity to conduct and sustain mili-20 |
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| 53 | 53 | | tary operations from Yemen that target the United 21 |
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| 54 | 54 | | States, Israel, or global shipping. 22 |
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| 55 | 55 | | (2) A description of the funding, materiel, 23 |
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| 56 | 56 | | training, and other forms of support the Houthis re-24 |
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| 57 | 57 | | ceive from Iran, Hezbollah, or any other entity act-25 |
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| 60 | 60 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 61 | 61 | | ing for or on behalf of Iran, including contributions 1 |
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| 62 | 62 | | to advance the Houthis’ indigenous weapons produc-2 |
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| 63 | 63 | | tion capability and existing weapons arsenal. 3 |
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| 64 | 64 | | (3) A description of the Houthis’ ballistic mis-4 |
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| 65 | 65 | | sile and unmanned delivery systems, including those 5 |
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| 66 | 66 | | that are covered under Category 1 or Category 2 of 6 |
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| 67 | 67 | | the Missile Control Technology Regime and the pre-7 |
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| 68 | 68 | | cision and reach of such weapons. 8 |
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| 69 | 69 | | (4) A description of the Houthis’ maritime ca-9 |
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| 70 | 70 | | pabilities, including sea missiles and drones. 10 |
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| 71 | 71 | | (5) An analysis of the Houthis’ current indige-11 |
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| 72 | 72 | | nous weapons production capabilities and how their 12 |
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| 73 | 73 | | control over the Al-Hudaydah port and Sana’a inter-13 |
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| 74 | 74 | | national airport enables them to sustain weapons 14 |
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| 75 | 75 | | production. 15 |
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| 76 | 76 | | (6) An assessment of the Houthis’ stockpiles 16 |
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| 77 | 77 | | and employment of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 17 |
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| 78 | 78 | | dual-use drone technology, and the countries of ori-18 |
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| 79 | 79 | | gin for these products. 19 |
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| 80 | 80 | | (c) A |
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| 81 | 81 | | PPROPRIATECONGRESSIONALCOMMITTEESDE-20 |
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| 82 | 82 | | FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-21 |
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| 83 | 83 | | sional committees’’ means— 22 |
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| 84 | 84 | | (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 23 |
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| 85 | 85 | | Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-24 |
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| 86 | 86 | | resentatives; and 25 |
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| 89 | 89 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 90 | 90 | | (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 1 |
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| 91 | 91 | | the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 2 |
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| 92 | 92 | | SEC. 4. REPORT ON HOUTHI ATTACKS THAT THREATEN 3 |
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| 93 | 93 | | FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION IN THE RED SEA 4 |
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| 94 | 94 | | AND GULF OF ADEN. 5 |
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| 95 | 95 | | (a) I |
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| 96 | 96 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 6 |
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| 97 | 97 | | day of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the 7 |
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| 98 | 98 | | President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 8 |
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| 99 | 99 | | committees a report on the following: 9 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (1) A summary of Houthi (also known as 10 |
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| 101 | 101 | | ‘‘Ansar Allah’’) attacks that threaten freedom of 11 |
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| 102 | 102 | | navigation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. 12 |
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| 103 | 103 | | (2) An assessment of the impact that Houthi 13 |
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| 104 | 104 | | threats to freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and 14 |
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| 105 | 105 | | Gulf of Aden have on United States security inter-15 |
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| 106 | 106 | | ests. 16 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (3) An assessment of the impact that Houthi 17 |
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| 108 | 108 | | threats to freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and 18 |
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| 109 | 109 | | Gulf of Aden have on the global economy, including 19 |
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| 110 | 110 | | the United States economy. 20 |
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| 111 | 111 | | (4) An assessment of Iran’s role in the Houthis’ 21 |
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| 112 | 112 | | attacks that threaten freedom of navigation in the 22 |
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| 113 | 113 | | Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, including Iran’s provi-23 |
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| 114 | 114 | | sion of targeting assistance to the Houthis. 24 |
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| 117 | 117 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 118 | 118 | | (5) A description of China’s presence in the 1 |
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| 119 | 119 | | Red Sea and Gulf of Aden during the reporting pe-2 |
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| 120 | 120 | | riod. 3 |
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| 121 | 121 | | (6) An assessment of how the Houthis’ attacks 4 |
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| 122 | 122 | | in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden impact Russia, 5 |
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| 123 | 123 | | China, and Iran’s freedom of navigation in those wa-6 |
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| 124 | 124 | | terways relative to the United States and our part-7 |
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| 125 | 125 | | ners’ freedom of navigation. 8 |
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| 126 | 126 | | (b) S |
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| 127 | 127 | | COPE.—The initial report required by subsection 9 |
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| 128 | 128 | | (a) shall address the period beginning on October 7, 2023, 10 |
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| 129 | 129 | | and ending on the date that is 90 days after date of the 11 |
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| 130 | 130 | | enactment of this Act, and each subsequent report shall 12 |
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| 131 | 131 | | address the one-year period following the conclusion of the 13 |
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| 132 | 132 | | prior report. 14 |
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| 133 | 133 | | (c) A |
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| 134 | 134 | | PPROPRIATECONGRESSIONALCOMMITTEESDE-15 |
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| 135 | 135 | | FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-16 |
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| 136 | 136 | | sional committees’’ means— 17 |
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| 137 | 137 | | (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 18 |
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| 138 | 138 | | Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-19 |
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| 139 | 139 | | resentatives; and 20 |
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| 140 | 140 | | (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 21 |
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| 141 | 141 | | the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 22 |
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| 144 | 144 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 145 | 145 | | SEC. 5. REPORT ON VIOLATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS 1 |
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| 146 | 146 | | ARMS EMBARGO AGAINST YEMEN AUTHOR-2 |
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| 147 | 147 | | IZED UNDER UNITED NATIONS SECURITY 3 |
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| 148 | 148 | | COUNCIL RESOLUTION 2216. 4 |
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| 149 | 149 | | (a) I |
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| 150 | 150 | | NGENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 5 |
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| 151 | 151 | | date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 6 |
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| 152 | 152 | | the President shall submit to the appropriate congres-7 |
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| 153 | 153 | | sional committees a report on the following: 8 |
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| 154 | 154 | | (1) A description of violations or attempted vio-9 |
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| 155 | 155 | | lations of the United Nations arms embargo against 10 |
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| 156 | 156 | | Yemen authorized under United Nations Security 11 |
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| 157 | 157 | | Council Resolution 2216 (2015) and successor reso-12 |
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| 158 | 158 | | lutions. 13 |
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| 159 | 159 | | (2) A list of incidents in which the United 14 |
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| 160 | 160 | | States or other countries interdicted weapons and 15 |
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| 161 | 161 | | related components believed to be intended for the 16 |
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| 162 | 162 | | Houthis, including— 17 |
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| 163 | 163 | | (A) for each interdiction incident, what 18 |
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| 164 | 164 | | specific entity conducted the interdiction, the 19 |
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| 165 | 165 | | circumstances and location of such interdiction, 20 |
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| 166 | 166 | | what weapons or components were seized and 21 |
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| 167 | 167 | | the believed origins of such components, and 22 |
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| 168 | 168 | | under what authority each such seizure took 23 |
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| 169 | 169 | | place; 24 |
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| 170 | 170 | | (B) a description of what United States 25 |
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| 171 | 171 | | Government resources are currently devoted to 26 |
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| 174 | 174 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 175 | 175 | | identifying, disrupting, interdicting, or other-1 |
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| 176 | 176 | | wise dismantling the flow of illicit weapons in-2 |
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| 177 | 177 | | tended for the Houthis, and identifying under 3 |
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| 178 | 178 | | what authorities these activities take place; and 4 |
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| 179 | 179 | | (C) United States coordination with inter-5 |
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| 180 | 180 | | national partners on efforts to identify, disrupt, 6 |
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| 181 | 181 | | dismantle or interdict illicit weapons flows to 7 |
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| 182 | 182 | | the Houthis, including identifying United States 8 |
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| 183 | 183 | | security assistance and cooperation programs 9 |
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| 184 | 184 | | that contribute to the interdiction efforts of 10 |
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| 185 | 185 | | such partners. 11 |
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| 186 | 186 | | (b) S |
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| 187 | 187 | | COPE.—The initial report required by subsection 12 |
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| 188 | 188 | | (a) shall address the period beginning on January 1, 2022, 13 |
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| 189 | 189 | | and ending on the date that is 90 days after date of the 14 |
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| 190 | 190 | | enactment of this Act, and each subsequent report shall 15 |
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| 191 | 191 | | address the one-year period following the conclusion of the 16 |
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| 192 | 192 | | prior report. 17 |
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| 193 | 193 | | (c) A |
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| 194 | 194 | | PPROPRIATECONGRESSIONALCOMMITTEESDE-18 |
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| 195 | 195 | | FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-19 |
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| 196 | 196 | | sional committees’’ means— 20 |
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| 197 | 197 | | (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 21 |
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| 198 | 198 | | Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-22 |
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| 199 | 199 | | resentatives; and 23 |
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| 200 | 200 | | (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 24 |
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| 201 | 201 | | the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 25 |
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| 204 | 204 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 205 | 205 | | SEC. 6. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO ANY ATTACKS BY 1 |
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| 206 | 206 | | THE HOUTHIS ON INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING 2 |
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| 207 | 207 | | IN THE RED SEA AND GULF OF ADEN AND 3 |
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| 208 | 208 | | OTHER MILITARY SUPPORT TO THE 4 |
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| 209 | 209 | | HOUTHIS. 5 |
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| 210 | 210 | | (a) I |
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| 211 | 211 | | NGENERAL.—The President shall impose the 6 |
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| 212 | 212 | | sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any 7 |
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| 213 | 213 | | foreign person the President determines, on or after the 8 |
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| 214 | 214 | | date of enactment of this Act— 9 |
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| 215 | 215 | | (1) to be responsible for or complicit in, or to 10 |
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| 216 | 216 | | have directly or indirectly engaged in, any attacks by 11 |
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| 217 | 217 | | the Houthis (also known as ‘‘Ansar Allah’’) that 12 |
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| 218 | 218 | | threaten international shipping in the Red Sea or 13 |
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| 219 | 219 | | Gulf of Aden; 14 |
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| 220 | 220 | | (2) knowingly engages in, or attempts to engage 15 |
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| 221 | 221 | | in, activities or transactions that have materially 16 |
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| 222 | 222 | | contributed to, or pose a significant risk of materi-17 |
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| 223 | 223 | | ally contributing to the conduct described in para-18 |
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| 224 | 224 | | graph (1); or 19 |
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| 225 | 225 | | (3) knowingly engages in any activity that ma-20 |
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| 226 | 226 | | terially contributes to the supply, sale, or transfer 21 |
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| 227 | 227 | | directly or indirectly of arms and related materiel of 22 |
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| 228 | 228 | | all types, including weapons and ammunition, mili-23 |
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| 229 | 229 | | tary vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equip-24 |
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| 230 | 230 | | ment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and 25 |
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| 231 | 231 | | technical assistance, training, financial or other as-26 |
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| 234 | 234 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 235 | 235 | | sistance, to any foreign person engaging in the con-1 |
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| 236 | 236 | | duct described in paragraph (1). 2 |
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| 237 | 237 | | (b) S |
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| 238 | 238 | | ANCTIONSDESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-3 |
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| 239 | 239 | | scribed in this subsection are the following: 4 |
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| 240 | 240 | | (1) B |
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| 241 | 241 | | LOCKING OF PROPERTY .—The President 5 |
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| 242 | 242 | | shall exercise all authorities granted under the Inter-6 |
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| 243 | 243 | | national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 7 |
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| 244 | 244 | | U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 8 |
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| 245 | 245 | | and prohibit all transactions in property and inter-9 |
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| 246 | 246 | | ests in property of the foreign person if such prop-10 |
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| 247 | 247 | | erty and interests in property are in the United 11 |
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| 248 | 248 | | States, come within the United States, or come with-12 |
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| 249 | 249 | | in the possession or control of a United States per-13 |
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| 250 | 250 | | son. 14 |
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| 251 | 251 | | (2) I |
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| 252 | 252 | | NELIGIBILITY FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, OR 15 |
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| 253 | 253 | | PAROLE.— 16 |
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| 254 | 254 | | (A) V |
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| 255 | 255 | | ISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 17 |
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| 256 | 256 | | alien described in subsection (a) shall be— 18 |
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| 257 | 257 | | (i) inadmissible to the United States; 19 |
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| 258 | 258 | | (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 20 |
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| 259 | 259 | | documentation to enter the United States; 21 |
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| 260 | 260 | | and 22 |
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| 261 | 261 | | (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 23 |
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| 262 | 262 | | or paroled into the United States or to re-24 |
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| 263 | 263 | | ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-25 |
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| 266 | 266 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 267 | 267 | | tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 1 |
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| 268 | 268 | | seq.). 2 |
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| 269 | 269 | | (B) C |
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| 270 | 270 | | URRENT VISAS REVOKED .— 3 |
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| 271 | 271 | | (i) I |
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| 272 | 272 | | N GENERAL.—The visa or other 4 |
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| 273 | 273 | | entry documentation of any alien described 5 |
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| 274 | 274 | | in subsection (a) is subject to revocation 6 |
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| 275 | 275 | | regardless of the issue date of the visa or 7 |
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| 276 | 276 | | other entry documentation. 8 |
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| 277 | 277 | | (ii) I |
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| 278 | 278 | | MMEDIATE EFFECT .—A revoca-9 |
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| 279 | 279 | | tion under clause (i) shall, in accordance 10 |
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| 280 | 280 | | with section 221(i) of the Immigration and 11 |
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| 281 | 281 | | Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i))— 12 |
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| 282 | 282 | | (I) take effect immediately; and 13 |
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| 283 | 283 | | (II) cancel any other valid visa or 14 |
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| 284 | 284 | | entry documentation that is in the 15 |
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| 285 | 285 | | possession of the alien. 16 |
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| 286 | 286 | | (c) P |
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| 287 | 287 | | ENALTIES.—Any person that violates, or at-17 |
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| 288 | 288 | | tempts to violate, subsection (b) or any regulation, license, 18 |
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| 289 | 289 | | or order issued pursuant to that subsection, shall be sub-19 |
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| 290 | 290 | | ject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 20 |
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| 291 | 291 | | of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic 21 |
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| 292 | 292 | | Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a per-22 |
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| 293 | 293 | | son that commits an unlawful act described in subsection 23 |
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| 294 | 294 | | (a) of that section. 24 |
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| 295 | 295 | | (d) W |
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| 296 | 296 | | AIVER.— 25 |
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| 299 | 299 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 300 | 300 | | (1) IN GENERAL.—The President may waive, 1 |
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| 301 | 301 | | on a case-by-case basis, the application of sanctions 2 |
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| 302 | 302 | | under this section for periods not to exceed 180 days 3 |
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| 303 | 303 | | with respect to a foreign person only if, not later 4 |
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| 304 | 304 | | than 15 days prior to the date on which the waiver 5 |
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| 305 | 305 | | is to take effect, the President submits to the appro-6 |
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| 306 | 306 | | priate congressional committees a written determina-7 |
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| 307 | 307 | | tion and justification that the waiver is in the na-8 |
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| 308 | 308 | | tional security interests of the United States. 9 |
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| 309 | 309 | | (2) B |
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| 310 | 310 | | RIEFING.—Not later than 60 days after 10 |
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| 311 | 311 | | the issuance of a waiver under paragraph (1), and 11 |
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| 312 | 312 | | every 180 days thereafter while the waiver remains 12 |
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| 313 | 313 | | in effect, the President shall brief the appropriate 13 |
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| 314 | 314 | | congressional committees on the reasons for the 14 |
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| 315 | 315 | | waiver. 15 |
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| 316 | 316 | | (e) I |
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| 317 | 317 | | MPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 16 |
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| 318 | 318 | | all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the 17 |
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| 319 | 319 | | International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 18 |
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| 320 | 320 | | U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section. 19 |
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| 321 | 321 | | (f) R |
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| 322 | 322 | | EGULATIONS.— 20 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (1) I |
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| 324 | 324 | | N GENERAL.—The President shall, not 21 |
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| 325 | 325 | | later than 120 days after the date of the enactment 22 |
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| 326 | 326 | | of this Act, promulgate regulations as necessary for 23 |
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| 327 | 327 | | the implementation of this section. 24 |
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| 330 | 330 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 331 | 331 | | (2) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS .—Not later 1 |
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| 332 | 332 | | than 10 days before the promulgation of regulations 2 |
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| 333 | 333 | | under this subsection, the President shall notify the 3 |
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| 334 | 334 | | appropriate congressional committees of the pro-4 |
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| 335 | 335 | | posed regulations and the provisions of this section 5 |
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| 336 | 336 | | that the regulations are implementing. 6 |
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| 337 | 337 | | (g) E |
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| 338 | 338 | | XCEPTIONS.— 7 |
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| 339 | 339 | | (1) E |
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| 340 | 340 | | XCEPTION FOR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVI -8 |
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| 341 | 341 | | TIES.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply 9 |
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| 342 | 342 | | to any activity subject to the reporting requirements 10 |
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| 343 | 343 | | under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 11 |
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| 344 | 344 | | (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intel-12 |
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| 345 | 345 | | ligence activities of the United States. 13 |
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| 346 | 346 | | (2) E |
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| 347 | 347 | | XCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH INTER -14 |
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| 348 | 348 | | NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND FOR LAW ENFORCE -15 |
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| 349 | 349 | | MENT ACTIVITIES.—Sanctions under this section 16 |
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| 350 | 350 | | shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting 17 |
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| 351 | 351 | | or paroling the alien into the United States is nec-18 |
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| 352 | 352 | | essary— 19 |
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| 353 | 353 | | (A) to permit the United States to comply 20 |
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| 354 | 354 | | with the Agreement regarding the Head-21 |
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| 355 | 355 | | quarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake 22 |
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| 356 | 356 | | Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force 23 |
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| 357 | 357 | | November 21, 1947, between the United Na-24 |
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| 358 | 358 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:25 Mar 25, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H2052.IH H2052 |
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| 359 | 359 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 13 |
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| 360 | 360 | | •HR 2052 IH |
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| 361 | 361 | | tions and the United States, or other applicable 1 |
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| 362 | 362 | | international obligations; or 2 |
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| 363 | 363 | | (B) to carry out or assist authorized law 3 |
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| 364 | 364 | | enforcement activity in the United States. 4 |
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| 365 | 365 | | SEC. 7. SUNSET. 5 |
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| 366 | 366 | | This Act shall terminate on the date that is 5 years 6 |
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| 367 | 367 | | after the date of the enactment of this Act. 7 |
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| 368 | 368 | | Æ |
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| 369 | 369 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:25 Mar 25, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\H2052.IH H2052 |
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| 370 | 370 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS |
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