| 1 | 1 | | I |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION H. R. 2176 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To prohibit certain actions with respect to certain marine reef species, and |
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| 6 | 6 | | for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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| 8 | 8 | | MARCH18, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. C |
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| 10 | 10 | | ASE(for himself and Mr. HUFFMAN) introduced the following bill; which |
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| 11 | 11 | | was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and in addition to |
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| 12 | 12 | | the Committees on Ways and Means, and Foreign Affairs, for a period |
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| 13 | 13 | | to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consider- |
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| 14 | 14 | | ation of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee |
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| 15 | 15 | | concerned |
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| 16 | 16 | | A BILL |
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| 17 | 17 | | To prohibit certain actions with respect to certain marine |
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| 18 | 18 | | reef species, and for other purposes. |
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| 19 | 19 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 20 | 20 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 21 | 21 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 22 | 22 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Saving Natural Eco-4 |
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| 23 | 23 | | systems and Marine Organisms Act of 2025’’ or the ‘‘Sav-5 |
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| 24 | 24 | | ing NEMO Act of 2025’’. 6 |
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| 26 | 26 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 2 |
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| 27 | 27 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 28 | 28 | | SEC. 2. PROHIBITION WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN MARINE 1 |
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| 29 | 29 | | REEF SPECIES. 2 |
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| 30 | 30 | | (a) D |
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| 31 | 31 | | ESIGNATION OFCOVEREDCORALREEFSPE-3 |
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| 32 | 32 | | CIES.— 4 |
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| 33 | 33 | | (1) I |
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| 34 | 34 | | N GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Inte-5 |
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| 35 | 35 | | rior shall designate as a covered coral reef species— 6 |
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| 36 | 36 | | (A) any marine reef species that is listed 7 |
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| 37 | 37 | | in Appendix II of the Convention on Inter-8 |
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| 38 | 38 | | national Trade in Endangered Species of Wild 9 |
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| 39 | 39 | | Fauna and Flora— 10 |
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| 40 | 40 | | (i) as of the effective date of this sec-11 |
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| 41 | 41 | | tion; and 12 |
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| 42 | 42 | | (ii) after the effective date of this sec-13 |
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| 43 | 43 | | tion, unless the Secretary of the Interior, 14 |
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| 44 | 44 | | in consultation with the Secretary of Com-15 |
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| 45 | 45 | | merce, finds, not later than 90 days after 16 |
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| 46 | 46 | | the effective date of the inclusion of such 17 |
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| 47 | 47 | | species in Appendix II, that the take, im-18 |
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| 48 | 48 | | port, and export of such species do not 19 |
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| 49 | 49 | | represent a substantial risk of harm to the 20 |
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| 50 | 50 | | sustainability of such species and the coral 21 |
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| 51 | 51 | | reef ecosystem of such species; and 22 |
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| 52 | 52 | | (B) any marine reef species the take, im-23 |
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| 53 | 53 | | port, or export of which the Secretary of the In-24 |
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| 54 | 54 | | terior and the Secretary of Commerce jointly 25 |
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| 56 | 56 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 3 |
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| 57 | 57 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 58 | 58 | | determine, after notice and opportunity for pub-1 |
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| 59 | 59 | | lic comment— 2 |
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| 60 | 60 | | (i) presents a substantial risk of harm 3 |
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| 61 | 61 | | to the sustainability of such species or the 4 |
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| 62 | 62 | | coral reef ecosystem of such species; or 5 |
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| 63 | 63 | | (ii) results in high mortality rates for 6 |
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| 64 | 64 | | individuals of such species due to poor sur-7 |
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| 65 | 65 | | vivorship in transport or captivity. 8 |
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| 66 | 66 | | (2) R |
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| 67 | 67 | | EMOVAL OF DESIGNATION .— 9 |
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| 68 | 68 | | (A) I |
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| 69 | 69 | | N GENERAL.—The Secretary of the 10 |
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| 70 | 70 | | Interior may remove the designation of a spe-11 |
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| 71 | 71 | | cies as a covered coral reef species if the Sec-12 |
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| 72 | 72 | | retary determines that such removal does not 13 |
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| 73 | 73 | | represent a substantial risk of harm to the sus-14 |
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| 74 | 74 | | tainability of such species or the coral reef eco-15 |
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| 75 | 75 | | system of such species. 16 |
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| 76 | 76 | | (B) R |
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| 77 | 77 | | OLE OF SECRETARY OF COM -17 |
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| 78 | 78 | | MERCE.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the 18 |
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| 79 | 79 | | Secretary of the Interior shall consult with the 19 |
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| 80 | 80 | | Secretary of Commerce with respect to a cov-20 |
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| 81 | 81 | | ered coral reef species described in paragraph 21 |
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| 82 | 82 | | (1)(A) and act jointly with the Secretary of 22 |
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| 83 | 83 | | Commerce with respect to a covered coral reef 23 |
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| 84 | 84 | | species described in subparagraph (1)(B). 24 |
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| 85 | 85 | | (b) P |
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| 86 | 86 | | ROHIBITION.—It is unlawful for any person to— 25 |
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| 88 | 88 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 4 |
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| 89 | 89 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 90 | 90 | | (1) take an individual of any covered coral reef 1 |
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| 91 | 91 | | species within waters under the jurisdiction of the 2 |
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| 92 | 92 | | United States; 3 |
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| 93 | 93 | | (2) import into or export from the United 4 |
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| 94 | 94 | | States an individual of any covered coral reef spe-5 |
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| 95 | 95 | | cies; 6 |
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| 96 | 96 | | (3) possess, sell, purchase, deliver, carry, trans-7 |
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| 97 | 97 | | port, or receive in interstate or foreign commerce an 8 |
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| 98 | 98 | | individual of any covered coral reef species taken or 9 |
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| 99 | 99 | | imported in violation of paragraph (1) or (2); or 10 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (4) attempt to commit any act described in 11 |
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| 101 | 101 | | paragraphs (1) through (3). 12 |
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| 102 | 102 | | (c) E |
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| 103 | 103 | | XCEPTIONS.— 13 |
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| 104 | 104 | | (1) I |
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| 105 | 105 | | N GENERAL.—Subsection (b) does not 14 |
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| 106 | 106 | | apply with respect to an individual of a covered coral 15 |
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| 107 | 107 | | reef species that is— 16 |
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| 108 | 108 | | (A) taken in accordance with a qualified 17 |
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| 109 | 109 | | scientifically-based management plan for such 18 |
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| 110 | 110 | | covered coral reef species, as determined by the 19 |
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| 111 | 111 | | appropriate Secretary; 20 |
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| 112 | 112 | | (B) a product of a qualified cooperative 21 |
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| 113 | 113 | | breeding program for such covered coral reef 22 |
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| 114 | 114 | | species, as determined by the appropriate Sec-23 |
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| 115 | 115 | | retary; 24 |
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| 118 | 118 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 119 | 119 | | (C) a product of a qualified aquaculture or 1 |
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| 120 | 120 | | mariculture facility, as determined by the ap-2 |
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| 121 | 121 | | propriate Secretary; 3 |
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| 122 | 122 | | (D) taken pursuant to authorization by the 4 |
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| 123 | 123 | | Secretary of Commerce, or imported or ex-5 |
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| 124 | 124 | | ported pursuant to authorization by the Sec-6 |
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| 125 | 125 | | retary of the Interior, for scientific purposes, 7 |
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| 126 | 126 | | museum purposes, or zoological breeding or dis-8 |
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| 127 | 127 | | play; or 9 |
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| 128 | 128 | | (E) taken pursuant to— 10 |
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| 129 | 129 | | (i) an applicable incidental take per-11 |
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| 130 | 130 | | mit issued under section 10(a)(1)(B) of 12 |
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| 131 | 131 | | the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 13 |
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| 132 | 132 | | U.S.C. 1539(a)(1)(B)); or 14 |
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| 133 | 133 | | (ii) an applicable permit issued by a 15 |
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| 134 | 134 | | country other than the United States if 16 |
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| 135 | 135 | | such permit is equivalent to an incidental 17 |
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| 136 | 136 | | take permit described in clause (i), as de-18 |
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| 137 | 137 | | termined by the appropriate Secretary. 19 |
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| 138 | 138 | | (2) D |
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| 139 | 139 | | ESTRUCTIVE COLLECTION PRACTICES .— 20 |
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| 140 | 140 | | The exceptions described in paragraph (1) do not 21 |
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| 141 | 141 | | apply with respect to an individual of a covered coral 22 |
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| 142 | 142 | | reef species that is, as determined by the appro-23 |
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| 143 | 143 | | priate Secretary— 24 |
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| 146 | 146 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 147 | 147 | | (A) taken through the use of any destruc-1 |
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| 148 | 148 | | tive collection practice; or 2 |
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| 149 | 149 | | (B) imported or exported without a certifi-3 |
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| 150 | 150 | | cation by the importer or exporter that such in-4 |
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| 151 | 151 | | dividual to be imported or exported was not 5 |
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| 152 | 152 | | taken through the use of any destructive collec-6 |
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| 153 | 153 | | tion practice. 7 |
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| 154 | 154 | | (d) E |
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| 155 | 155 | | NFORCEMENT.— 8 |
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| 156 | 156 | | (1) C |
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| 157 | 157 | | IVIL PENALTIES.—The Secretary of the 9 |
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| 158 | 158 | | Interior or the Secretary of Commerce, upon finding 10 |
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| 159 | 159 | | a violation of subsection (b), may require the person 11 |
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| 160 | 160 | | responsible for such violation to pay a civil penalty 12 |
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| 161 | 161 | | in an amount determined under a schedule of pen-13 |
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| 162 | 162 | | alties jointly issued by the Secretary of the Interior 14 |
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| 163 | 163 | | and the Secretary of Commerce, but which does not 15 |
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| 164 | 164 | | exceed $25,000 for each violation, and which takes 16 |
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| 165 | 165 | | into account— 17 |
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| 166 | 166 | | (A) the nature of the violation involved; 18 |
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| 167 | 167 | | (B) the monetary value of each individual 19 |
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| 168 | 168 | | of a covered coral reef species that is the sub-20 |
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| 169 | 169 | | ject of the violation involved; 21 |
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| 170 | 170 | | (C) any previous violation of subsection (b) 22 |
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| 171 | 171 | | by the person; and 23 |
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| 173 | 173 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 7 |
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| 174 | 174 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 175 | 175 | | (D) such other factors as the Secretary of 1 |
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| 176 | 176 | | the Interior or the Secretary of Commerce de-2 |
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| 177 | 177 | | termines appropriate. 3 |
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| 178 | 178 | | (2) D |
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| 179 | 179 | | ECLARATORY OR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF .— 4 |
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| 180 | 180 | | The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an 5 |
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| 181 | 181 | | appropriate United States district court seeking de-6 |
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| 182 | 182 | | claratory or injunctive relief for any alleged violation 7 |
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| 183 | 183 | | of subsection (b). 8 |
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| 184 | 184 | | (3) C |
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| 185 | 185 | | RIMINAL PENALTIES.— 9 |
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| 186 | 186 | | (A) I |
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| 187 | 187 | | N GENERAL.—Any person that know-10 |
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| 188 | 188 | | ingly violates subsection (b) shall be fined in ac-11 |
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| 189 | 189 | | cordance with title 18, United States Code, im-12 |
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| 190 | 190 | | prisoned for not more than 6 months, or both. 13 |
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| 191 | 191 | | (B) P |
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| 192 | 192 | | ERSONS ENGAGED IN BUSINESS .— 14 |
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| 193 | 193 | | Any person engaged in business as an importer 15 |
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| 194 | 194 | | or exporter of a covered coral reef species that 16 |
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| 195 | 195 | | knowingly violates subsection (b) shall be fined 17 |
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| 196 | 196 | | in accordance with title 18, United States Code, 18 |
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| 197 | 197 | | imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both. 19 |
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| 198 | 198 | | (C) F |
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| 199 | 199 | | ALSE STATEMENTS IN CERTIFI -20 |
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| 200 | 200 | | CATIONS.—Any person that knowingly makes, 21 |
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| 201 | 201 | | causes to be made, or submits any false mate-22 |
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| 202 | 202 | | rial statement or representation in a certifi-23 |
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| 203 | 203 | | cation under subsection (c)(2)(B) shall be fined 24 |
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| 204 | 204 | | in accordance with title 18, United States Code, 25 |
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| 206 | 206 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 8 |
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| 207 | 207 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 208 | 208 | | imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both, 1 |
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| 209 | 209 | | and may also be prohibited from importing or 2 |
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| 210 | 210 | | exporting any covered coral reef species. 3 |
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| 211 | 211 | | (4) R |
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| 212 | 212 | | EWARDS AND INCIDENTAL EXPENSES .— 4 |
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| 213 | 213 | | (A) I |
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| 214 | 214 | | N GENERAL.—The Secretary of the 5 |
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| 215 | 215 | | Interior or the Secretary of Commerce may pay, 6 |
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| 216 | 216 | | from sums received as penalties, fines, or for-7 |
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| 217 | 217 | | feitures of property for violations of subsection 8 |
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| 218 | 218 | | (b)— 9 |
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| 219 | 219 | | (i) a reward to any person that fur-10 |
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| 220 | 220 | | nishes information which leads to an ar-11 |
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| 221 | 221 | | rest, criminal conviction, civil penalty as-12 |
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| 222 | 222 | | sessment, or forfeiture of property for any 13 |
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| 223 | 223 | | violation of subsection (b); and 14 |
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| 224 | 224 | | (ii) the reasonable and necessary costs 15 |
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| 225 | 225 | | incurred by any person in providing tem-16 |
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| 226 | 226 | | porary care for any individual of a covered 17 |
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| 227 | 227 | | coral reef species pending the disposition 18 |
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| 228 | 228 | | of any civil or criminal proceeding alleging 19 |
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| 229 | 229 | | a violation of subsection (b). 20 |
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| 230 | 230 | | (B) I |
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| 231 | 231 | | NELIGIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT OFFI -21 |
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| 232 | 232 | | CIALS.—Any officer or employee of the United 22 |
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| 233 | 233 | | States or any State or local government who 23 |
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| 234 | 234 | | furnishes information or renders service in the 24 |
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| 236 | 236 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 9 |
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| 237 | 237 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 238 | 238 | | performance of their official duties is ineligible 1 |
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| 239 | 239 | | to receive a reward under this paragraph. 2 |
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| 240 | 240 | | (5) E |
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| 241 | 241 | | XECUTIVE BRANCH ENFORCEMENT .— 3 |
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| 242 | 242 | | (A) S |
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| 243 | 243 | | EARCHES AND SEIZURES .— 4 |
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| 244 | 244 | | (i) I |
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| 245 | 245 | | N GENERAL.—Any person author-5 |
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| 246 | 246 | | ized by the Secretary of the Interior, the 6 |
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| 247 | 247 | | Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of 7 |
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| 248 | 248 | | the Treasury, or the Secretary of the De-8 |
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| 249 | 249 | | partment in which the Coast Guard is op-9 |
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| 250 | 250 | | erating may search for and seize any indi-10 |
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| 251 | 251 | | vidual of a covered coral reef species taken, 11 |
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| 252 | 252 | | imported, exported, possessed, sold, pur-12 |
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| 253 | 253 | | chased, delivered, carried, transported, or 13 |
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| 254 | 254 | | received in violation of subsection (b), as 14 |
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| 255 | 255 | | authorized by law. 15 |
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| 256 | 256 | | (ii) S |
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| 257 | 257 | | EIZED COVERED CORAL REEF 16 |
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| 258 | 258 | | SPECIES.—Each individual of a covered 17 |
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| 259 | 259 | | coral reef species seized under clause (i) 18 |
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| 260 | 260 | | shall be held by any person so authorized 19 |
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| 261 | 261 | | pending disposition of civil or criminal pro-20 |
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| 262 | 262 | | ceedings, or the institution of an action in 21 |
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| 263 | 263 | | rem for forfeiture of each such individual 22 |
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| 264 | 264 | | pursuant to subparagraph (C), except that 23 |
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| 265 | 265 | | the appropriate Secretary may, in lieu of 24 |
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| 266 | 266 | | holding each such individual, allow the 25 |
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| 268 | 268 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 10 |
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| 269 | 269 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 270 | 270 | | owner or consignee to post a bond or other 1 |
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| 271 | 271 | | surety satisfactory to the appropriate Sec-2 |
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| 272 | 272 | | retary, but upon forfeiture of any such 3 |
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| 273 | 273 | | property to the United States, or the aban-4 |
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| 274 | 274 | | donment or waiver of any claim to any 5 |
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| 275 | 275 | | such property, it shall be disposed of 6 |
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| 276 | 276 | | (other than by sale to the general public) 7 |
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| 277 | 277 | | by the appropriate Secretary in such a 8 |
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| 278 | 278 | | manner, consistent with the purposes of 9 |
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| 279 | 279 | | this section, as the appropriate Secretary 10 |
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| 280 | 280 | | shall by regulation prescribe. 11 |
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| 281 | 281 | | (B) C |
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| 282 | 282 | | ITATIONS.—If any officer authorized 12 |
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| 283 | 283 | | to enforce the provisions of this section finds 13 |
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| 284 | 284 | | that a person has violated subsection (b), such 14 |
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| 285 | 285 | | officer may, in accordance with regulations 15 |
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| 286 | 286 | | jointly issued by the Secretary of the Interior, 16 |
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| 287 | 287 | | the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary 17 |
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| 288 | 288 | | of the Department in which the Coast Guard is 18 |
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| 289 | 289 | | operating, issue a citation to the violator. 19 |
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| 290 | 290 | | (C) F |
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| 291 | 291 | | ORFEITURE.— 20 |
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| 292 | 292 | | (i) C |
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| 293 | 293 | | OVERED CORAL REEF SPECIES .— 21 |
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| 294 | 294 | | Any individual of a covered coral reef spe-22 |
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| 295 | 295 | | cies taken, imported, exported, possessed, 23 |
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| 296 | 296 | | sold, delivered, carried, transported, or re-24 |
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| 297 | 297 | | ceived in interstate or foreign commerce in 25 |
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| 300 | 300 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 301 | 301 | | violation of subsection (b) shall be subject 1 |
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| 302 | 302 | | to forfeiture to the United States. 2 |
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| 303 | 303 | | (ii) E |
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| 304 | 304 | | QUIPMENT USED IN UNLAWFUL 3 |
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| 305 | 305 | | PRACTICES.—All guns, traps, nets, and 4 |
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| 306 | 306 | | other equipment and vessels, vehicles, air-5 |
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| 307 | 307 | | craft, and other means of transportation 6 |
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| 308 | 308 | | used to aid a violation of subsection (b), 7 |
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| 309 | 309 | | shall be subject to forfeiture to the United 8 |
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| 310 | 310 | | States upon the conviction of the person 9 |
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| 311 | 311 | | that owns such equipment or means of 10 |
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| 312 | 312 | | transportation of a criminal violation pur-11 |
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| 313 | 313 | | suant to subparagraph (A) or (B) of para-12 |
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| 314 | 314 | | graph (3). 13 |
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| 315 | 315 | | (D) O |
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| 316 | 316 | | THER PROVISIONS OF LAW .—Any 14 |
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| 317 | 317 | | provision of law relating to the seizure, for-15 |
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| 318 | 318 | | feiture, and condemnation of a vessel for viola-16 |
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| 319 | 319 | | tion of a customs law, the disposition of such 17 |
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| 320 | 320 | | vessel or the proceeds from the sale thereof, 18 |
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| 321 | 321 | | and the remission or mitigation of such for-19 |
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| 322 | 322 | | feiture shall apply to any seizure or forfeiture 20 |
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| 323 | 323 | | incurred or allegedly incurred under this sec-21 |
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| 324 | 324 | | tion, insofar as such provision of law is applica-22 |
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| 325 | 325 | | ble and not inconsistent with the provisions of 23 |
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| 326 | 326 | | this section, except that all powers, rights, and 24 |
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| 327 | 327 | | duties conferred or imposed by the customs 25 |
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| 330 | 330 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 331 | 331 | | laws upon any officer or employee of the De-1 |
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| 332 | 332 | | partment of the Treasury shall, for the pur-2 |
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| 333 | 333 | | poses of this section, be exercised or performed 3 |
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| 334 | 334 | | by the Secretary of Commerce or by such per-4 |
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| 335 | 335 | | sons as the Secretary of Commerce may des-5 |
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| 336 | 336 | | ignate. 6 |
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| 337 | 337 | | (6) C |
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| 338 | 338 | | ITIZEN ACTIONS.— 7 |
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| 339 | 339 | | (A) I |
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| 340 | 340 | | N GENERAL.—Except as provided in 8 |
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| 341 | 341 | | subparagraph (D), any person may commence a 9 |
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| 342 | 342 | | civil action to enjoin any person, including the 10 |
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| 343 | 343 | | United States and any other governmental in-11 |
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| 344 | 344 | | strumentality or agency (to the extent allowed 12 |
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| 345 | 345 | | by the 11th Amendment to the Constitution), 13 |
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| 346 | 346 | | that is alleged to be in violation of subsection 14 |
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| 347 | 347 | | (b). 15 |
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| 348 | 348 | | (B) J |
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| 349 | 349 | | URISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS .— 16 |
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| 350 | 350 | | The United States District Court for the judi-17 |
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| 351 | 351 | | cial district in which the alleged violation occurs 18 |
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| 352 | 352 | | shall have jurisdiction in all actions brought 19 |
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| 353 | 353 | | under this paragraph, without regard to the 20 |
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| 354 | 354 | | amount in controversy or the citizenship of the 21 |
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| 355 | 355 | | parties. 22 |
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| 356 | 356 | | (C) I |
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| 357 | 357 | | NTERVENTION BY ATTORNEY GEN -23 |
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| 358 | 358 | | ERAL.—In any action under this paragraph in 24 |
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| 359 | 359 | | which the United States is not a party, the At-25 |
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| 362 | 362 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 363 | 363 | | torney General may intervene on behalf of the 1 |
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| 364 | 364 | | United States as a matter of right. 2 |
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| 365 | 365 | | (D) E |
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| 366 | 366 | | XCEPTIONS.—No action may be com-3 |
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| 367 | 367 | | menced under this paragraph for an alleged vio-4 |
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| 368 | 368 | | lation of subsection (b)— 5 |
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| 369 | 369 | | (i) before the date that is 60 days 6 |
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| 370 | 370 | | after the date on which written notice of 7 |
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| 371 | 371 | | such alleged violation is given to the Sec-8 |
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| 372 | 372 | | retary of the Interior, the Secretary of 9 |
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| 373 | 373 | | Commerce, and any alleged violator of 10 |
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| 374 | 374 | | such subsection; or 11 |
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| 375 | 375 | | (ii) if the Secretary of the Interior, 12 |
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| 376 | 376 | | the Secretary of Commerce, or the Attor-13 |
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| 377 | 377 | | ney General has initiated an enforcement 14 |
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| 378 | 378 | | action under this subsection with respect 15 |
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| 379 | 379 | | to such alleged violation. 16 |
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| 380 | 380 | | (E) R |
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| 381 | 381 | | ECOVERY OF COURT COSTS .—In any 17 |
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| 382 | 382 | | action brought pursuant to subparagraph (A), 18 |
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| 383 | 383 | | the court may award costs of litigation (includ-19 |
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| 384 | 384 | | ing reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) 20 |
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| 385 | 385 | | to any party whenever the court determines 21 |
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| 386 | 386 | | such award is appropriate. 22 |
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| 387 | 387 | | (F) R |
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| 388 | 388 | | ELIEF UNDER OTHER LAWS .—The 23 |
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| 389 | 389 | | injunctive relief provided by this paragraph 24 |
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| 390 | 390 | | shall not restrict any right which any person 25 |
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| 392 | 392 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 14 |
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| 393 | 393 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 394 | 394 | | may have under any statute or common law to 1 |
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| 395 | 395 | | seek enforcement of any standard or limitation 2 |
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| 396 | 396 | | or to seek any other relief. 3 |
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| 397 | 397 | | (7) A |
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| 398 | 398 | | MERICAN SAMOA.—For the purposes of 4 |
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| 399 | 399 | | any action brought under this subsection, American 5 |
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| 400 | 400 | | Samoa shall be included within the judicial district 6 |
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| 401 | 401 | | of the United States District Court for the District 7 |
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| 402 | 402 | | of Hawaii. 8 |
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| 403 | 403 | | (e) D |
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| 404 | 404 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 9 |
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| 405 | 405 | | (1) A |
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| 406 | 406 | | PPROPRIATE SECRETARY .—The term ‘‘ap-10 |
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| 407 | 407 | | propriate Secretary’’ means— 11 |
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| 408 | 408 | | (A) the Secretary of Commerce with re-12 |
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| 409 | 409 | | spect to domestic matters; 13 |
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| 410 | 410 | | (B) the Secretary of Commerce and the 14 |
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| 411 | 411 | | Secretary of the Interior with respect to foreign 15 |
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| 412 | 412 | | matters; or 16 |
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| 413 | 413 | | (C) the Secretary with jurisdiction over the 17 |
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| 414 | 414 | | waters in which the matter is located with re-18 |
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| 415 | 415 | | spect to matters located in waters within the 19 |
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| 416 | 416 | | exclusive economic zone. 20 |
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| 417 | 417 | | (2) C |
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| 418 | 418 | | OVERED CORAL REEF SPECIES .—The term 21 |
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| 419 | 419 | | ‘‘covered coral reef species’’ means any marine reef 22 |
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| 420 | 420 | | species designated by the Secretary of the Interior 23 |
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| 421 | 421 | | under subsection (a). 24 |
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| 422 | 422 | | (3) D |
|---|
| 423 | 423 | | ESTRUCTIVE COLLECTION PRACTICE .— 25 |
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| 426 | 426 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 427 | 427 | | (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘destructive 1 |
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| 428 | 428 | | collection practice’’ means any practice used to 2 |
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| 429 | 429 | | take an individual of a covered coral reef spe-3 |
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| 430 | 430 | | cies that involves the use of any of the fol-4 |
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| 431 | 431 | | lowing: 5 |
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| 432 | 432 | | (i) Reef-dredging. 6 |
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| 433 | 433 | | (ii) Explosives. 7 |
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| 434 | 434 | | (iii) Poison. 8 |
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| 435 | 435 | | (iv) Any other destructive collection 9 |
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| 436 | 436 | | practice identified by the Secretary of 10 |
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| 437 | 437 | | Commerce by regulation, in consultation 11 |
|---|
| 438 | 438 | | with the Secretary of the Interior. 12 |
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| 439 | 439 | | (B) P |
|---|
| 440 | 440 | | RESENCE OF POISONS.—For the pur-13 |
|---|
| 441 | 441 | | poses of this paragraph, the presence of any 14 |
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| 442 | 442 | | poison, or any metabolite associated with any 15 |
|---|
| 443 | 443 | | such poison, in an individual of a covered coral 16 |
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| 444 | 444 | | reef species shall constitute evidence that poison 17 |
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| 445 | 445 | | was used in the take of such individual. 18 |
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| 446 | 446 | | (4) E |
|---|
| 447 | 447 | | XCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE .—The term 19 |
|---|
| 448 | 448 | | ‘‘exclusive economic zone’’ has the meaning given 20 |
|---|
| 449 | 449 | | the term in section 3 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fish-21 |
|---|
| 450 | 450 | | ery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 22 |
|---|
| 451 | 451 | | 1802). 23 |
|---|
| 452 | 452 | | (5) M |
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| 453 | 453 | | ARINE REEF SPECIES.—The term ‘‘marine 24 |
|---|
| 454 | 454 | | reef species’’— 25 |
|---|
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| 457 | 457 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 458 | 458 | | (A) means a marine species that— 1 |
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| 459 | 459 | | (i) as determined by the Secretary of 2 |
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| 460 | 460 | | the Interior, lives primarily within a coral 3 |
|---|
| 461 | 461 | | reef, including species of coral; and 4 |
|---|
| 462 | 462 | | (ii) is collected commercially for the 5 |
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| 463 | 463 | | aquarium and curio trade; and 6 |
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| 464 | 464 | | (B) does not include a marine species de-7 |
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| 465 | 465 | | scribed in subparagraph (A) that is ordinarily 8 |
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| 466 | 466 | | taken for human consumption. 9 |
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| 467 | 467 | | (6) Q |
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| 468 | 468 | | UALIFIED AQUACULTURE OR 10 |
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| 469 | 469 | | MARICULTURE FACILITY .—The term ‘‘qualified 11 |
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| 470 | 470 | | aquaculture or mariculture facility’’ means an aqua-12 |
|---|
| 471 | 471 | | culture or mariculture facility that, with respect to 13 |
|---|
| 472 | 472 | | a covered coral reef species— 14 |
|---|
| 473 | 473 | | (A) only sells individuals of the covered 15 |
|---|
| 474 | 474 | | coral reef species that are produced by such fa-16 |
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| 475 | 475 | | cility; 17 |
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| 476 | 476 | | (B) operates in a manner that is not detri-18 |
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| 477 | 477 | | mental to the conservation of the covered coral 19 |
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| 478 | 478 | | reef species in the wild; 20 |
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| 479 | 479 | | (C) operates in a manner that does not 21 |
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| 480 | 480 | | harm the coral reef ecosystem of the covered 22 |
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| 481 | 481 | | coral reef species, including by introducing non- 23 |
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| 482 | 482 | | indigenous species or pathogens; and 24 |
|---|
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| 485 | 485 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 486 | 486 | | (D) operates with safeguards sufficient to 1 |
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| 487 | 487 | | prevent the escape of— 2 |
|---|
| 488 | 488 | | (i) captive individuals of the covered 3 |
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| 489 | 489 | | coral reef species; and 4 |
|---|
| 490 | 490 | | (ii) eggs, larvae, young, fragments, 5 |
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| 491 | 491 | | and other organs of propagation of such 6 |
|---|
| 492 | 492 | | covered coral reef species. 7 |
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| 493 | 493 | | (7) Q |
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| 494 | 494 | | UALIFIED COOPERATIVE BREEDING PRO -8 |
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| 495 | 495 | | GRAM.—The term ‘‘qualified cooperative breeding 9 |
|---|
| 496 | 496 | | program’’ means a cooperative breeding program 10 |
|---|
| 497 | 497 | | that— 11 |
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| 498 | 498 | | (A) is designed to promote the conserva-12 |
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| 499 | 499 | | tion of a covered coral reef species and main-13 |
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| 500 | 500 | | tain such covered coral reef species in the wild 14 |
|---|
| 501 | 501 | | by enhancing the propagation and survival of 15 |
|---|
| 502 | 502 | | such covered coral reef species; and 16 |
|---|
| 503 | 503 | | (B) is developed and administered by, or in 17 |
|---|
| 504 | 504 | | conjunction with, an aquarium, conservation, or 18 |
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| 505 | 505 | | zoological organization that meets standards es-19 |
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| 506 | 506 | | tablished by the appropriate Secretary. 20 |
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| 507 | 507 | | (8) Q |
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| 508 | 508 | | UALIFIED SCIENTIFICALLY -BASED MAN-21 |
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| 509 | 509 | | AGEMENT PLAN.—The term ‘‘qualified scientifically- 22 |
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| 510 | 510 | | based management plan’’ means a scientifically- 23 |
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| 511 | 511 | | based management plan that— 24 |
|---|
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| 514 | 514 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 515 | 515 | | (A) provides for the conservation of a cov-1 |
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| 516 | 516 | | ered coral reef species and the habitat of such 2 |
|---|
| 517 | 517 | | covered coral reef species; 3 |
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| 518 | 518 | | (B) provides that individuals of a covered 4 |
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| 519 | 519 | | coral reef species are taken in a manner and in 5 |
|---|
| 520 | 520 | | quantities that— 6 |
|---|
| 521 | 521 | | (i) do not threaten the biological sus-7 |
|---|
| 522 | 522 | | tainability of such covered coral reef spe-8 |
|---|
| 523 | 523 | | cies or the role of such covered coral reef 9 |
|---|
| 524 | 524 | | species in the coral reef ecosystem of such 10 |
|---|
| 525 | 525 | | covered coral reef species; and 11 |
|---|
| 526 | 526 | | (ii) minimize the adverse impact of 12 |
|---|
| 527 | 527 | | the take of such covered coral reef species 13 |
|---|
| 528 | 528 | | on the coral reef ecosystem of such covered 14 |
|---|
| 529 | 529 | | coral reef species; 15 |
|---|
| 530 | 530 | | (C) addresses factors relevant to the con-16 |
|---|
| 531 | 531 | | servation of the covered coral reef species, in-17 |
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| 532 | 532 | | cluding— 18 |
|---|
| 533 | 533 | | (i) illegal trade; 19 |
|---|
| 534 | 534 | | (ii) domestic trade; 20 |
|---|
| 535 | 535 | | (iii) subsistence use; 21 |
|---|
| 536 | 536 | | (iv) disease; 22 |
|---|
| 537 | 537 | | (v) habitat loss; and 23 |
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| 538 | 538 | | (vi) cumulative effects of the take of 24 |
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| 539 | 539 | | the covered coral reef species; and 25 |
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| 542 | 542 | | •HR 2176 IH |
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| 543 | 543 | | (D) prohibits the use of destructive collec-1 |
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| 544 | 544 | | tion practices. 2 |
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| 545 | 545 | | (f) E |
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| 546 | 546 | | FFECTIVEDATE.—This section shall take effect 3 |
|---|
| 547 | 547 | | on the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment 4 |
|---|
| 548 | 548 | | of this section. 5 |
|---|
| 549 | 549 | | Æ |
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