Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress House Bill HB3122 Compare Versions

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Old	New	Differences
1	1	I
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION H. R. 3122
5	5	To advance United States national interests by prioritizing the protection
6	6	of internationally recognized human rights and development of the rule
7	7	of law in relations between the United States and Vietnam, and for
8	8	other purposes.
9	9	IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
10	10	APRIL30, 2025
11	11	Mr. S
12	12	MITHof New Jersey (for himself, Mr. CORREA, Mr. TRAN, and Ms. LOF-
13	13	GREN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee
14	14	on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary,
15	15	for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case
16	16	for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the
17	17	committee concerned
18	18	A BILL
19	19	To advance United States national interests by prioritizing
20	20	the protection of internationally recognized human rights
21	21	and development of the rule of law in relations between
22	22	the United States and Vietnam, and for other purposes.
23	23	Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
24	24	tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
25	25	SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3
26	26	(a) S
27	27	HORTTITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 4
28	28	‘‘Vietnam Human Rights Act’’. 5
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31	31	•HR 3122 IH
32	32	(b) TABLE OFCONTENTS.—The table of contents for 1
33	33	this Act is as follows: 2
34	34	Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
35	35	Sec. 2. Findings.
36	36	Sec. 3. Statement of policy.
37	37	Sec. 4. Sanctions for human rights violations in Vietnam.
38	38	Sec. 5. Actions to combat online censorship and surveillance in Vietnam.
39	39	Sec. 6. International religious freedom.
40	40	Sec. 7. Annual reports on United States-Vietnam human rights dialogue meet-
41	41	ings.
42	42	Sec. 8. Definitions.
43	43	SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
44	44	3
45	45	Congress finds the following: 4
46	46	(1) The relationship between the United States 5
47	47	and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has grown 6
48	48	substantially since the end of the trade embargo in 7
49	49	1994, with annual trade between the countries 8
50	50	reaching $124,000,000,000 in 2023. 9
51	51	(2) Expanded economic activity and trade be-10
52	52	tween the United States and Vietnam, has not been 11
53	53	matched by greater political freedom or substantial 12
54	54	improvements in basic human rights for the people 13
55	55	of Vietnam. 14
56	56	(3) Vietnam remains an authoritarian state 15
57	57	ruled by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) 16
58	58	which continues to expand cooperation with the 17
59	59	Communist Party of China (CCP) for example re-18
60	60	cently joining General Secretary Xi Jinping’s anti- 19
61	61	United States ‘‘Community of Common Destiny’’. 20
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64	64	•HR 3122 IH
65	65	(4) According to the Department of State, the 1
66	66	Government of Vietnam engaged the arbitrary arrest 2
67	67	of political activists and individuals who protested 3
68	68	land seizures or other matters deemed politically 4
69	69	sensitive and detained at least 187 persons for polit-5
70	70	ical or human rights activism. 6
71	71	SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 7
72	72	It is the policy of the United States to— 8
73	73	(1) embed human rights concerns across the 9
74	74	full spectrum of official interactions between the 10
75	75	Government of the United States and the Govern-11
76	76	ment of Vietnam to convey the entire spectrum of 12
77	77	United States interests in diplomatic engagement, 13
78	78	including that concrete human rights improvements 14
79	79	are key parts of trade, security, humanitarian co-15
80	80	operation, and economic development; 16
81	81	(2) assess Vietnam’s progress toward respecting 17
82	82	the basic rights of workers, as described the report 18
83	83	required by section 702 of the Foreign Relations Au-19
84	84	thorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107– 20
85	85	228; 22 U.S.C. 2151n note), to ensure that Amer-21
86	86	ican workers are not disadvantaged by unfair labor 22
87	87	practices in Vietnam, and press for Vietnam’s ratifi-23
88	88	cation of ILO Conventions No. 87 (Freedom of As-24
89	89	sociation and Protection of the Right to Organize) 25
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92	92	•HR 3122 IH
93	93	and No. 98 (Right to Organize and Collective Bar-1
94	94	gaining) and the recognition of independent labor 2
95	95	unions; 3
96	96	(3) bar from entry into the United States im-4
97	97	ports from Vietnam that include inputs made with 5
98	98	forced labor from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous 6
99	99	Region, such as cotton, aluminum, polysilicon, rayon 7
100	100	or other raw or finished materials identified by the 8
101	101	Department of Homeland Security, per the Uyghur 9
102	102	Forced Labor Prevention Act; and 10
103	103	(4) to protect United States nationals and 11
104	104	United States businesses by taking steps to address 12
105	105	cyber-espionage and transnational repression efforts 13
106	106	conducted by Vietnam’s Ministry of Public Security. 14
107	107	SEC. 4. SANCTIONS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN 15
108	108	VIETNAM. 16
109	109	(a) S
110	110	TATEMENT OFPOLICY.—It is the policy of the 17
111	111	United States to regularly assess reporting from intel-18
112	112	ligence, diplomatic, open source, congressional, and non-19
113	113	governmental organization sources to identify and impose 20
114	114	travel and financial restrictions on officials of the Govern-21
115	115	ment of Vietnam and other foreign persons working di-22
116	116	rectly or indirectly for the Government of Vietnam who, 23
117	117	based on credible evidence— 24
118	118	(1) are— 25
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121	121	•HR 3122 IH
122	122	(A) responsible for, ordered, or are 1
123	123	complicit in the arbitrary detention, torture, en-2
124	124	forced disappearances of individuals in Vietnam 3
125	125	seeking to obtain, exercise, defend, or promote 4
126	126	internationally recognized human rights; or 5
127	127	(B) responsible for, ordered, or are 6
128	128	complicit in acts of significant corruption, in-7
129	129	cluding the expropriation of private or public 8
130	130	assets for personal gain, corruption related to 9
131	131	government contracts or the extraction of nat-10
132	132	ural resources, bribery, or the facilitation or 11
133	133	transfer of the proceeds of corruption to foreign 12
134	134	jurisdictions; 13
135	135	(2) are responsible for surveillance, censorship, 14
136	136	or detention of individuals in Vietnam for exercising 15
137	137	the right to the freedom of expression online or 16
138	138	those responsible for forcing United States compa-17
139	139	nies to censor or reveal personally identifiable infor-18
140	140	mation of any individual exercising this right; or 19
141	141	(3) are responsible for particularly severe viola-20
142	142	tions of religious freedom (as such term is defined 21
143	143	in section 3 of the International Religious Freedom 22
144	144	Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6402)). 23
145	145	(b) S
146	146	ANCTIONS.— 24
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149	149	•HR 3122 IH
150	150	(1) GLOBAL MAGNITSKY HUMAN RIGHTS AC -1
151	151	COUNTABILITY ACT.—The President should impose 2
152	152	sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Human 3
153	153	Rights Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 2656 note) 4
154	154	with respect to any person described in subsection 5
155	155	(a)(1). 6
156	156	(2) D
157	157	EPARTMENT OF STATE , FOREIGN OPER-7
158	158	ATIONS, AND RELATED PROGRAMS APPROPRIATIONS 8
159	159	ACT, 2019.—The Secretary of State should impose 9
160	160	sanctions described in section 7031(c)(1)(A) of the 10
161	161	Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Re-11
162	162	lated Programs Appropriations Act, 2019 (division 12
163	163	F of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019; 13
164	164	Public Law 116–6) with respect to any person de-14
165	165	scribed in subsection (a)(2). 15
166	166	(3) I
167	167	MMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT .—The 16
168	168	Secretary of State should impose the sanctions de-17
169	169	scribed in section 212(a)(2)(G) of the Immigration 18
170	170	and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)(G)) to 19
171	171	any foreign person described in subsection (a)(3). 20
172	172	(c) R
173	173	EPORT.— 21
174	174	(1) I
175	175	N GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 22
176	176	submit to the appropriate congressional committees 23
177	177	a report on sanctions imposed on persons described 24
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180	180	•HR 3122 IH
181	181	in subsection (a) under the provisions of law de-1
182	182	scribed in subsection (b), including information on— 2
183	183	(A) the number of times sanctions were 3
184	184	imposed on such persons under such provisions 4
185	185	of law; 5
186	186	(B) the reasons for imposing such sanc-6
187	187	tions; and 7
188	188	(C) where appropriate, an identification of 8
189	189	the sanctioned persons. 9
190	190	(2) I
191	191	NCLUSION.—The report required by this 10
192	192	subsection shall be submitted as part of the report 11
193	193	required by section of the Foreign Relations Author-12
194	194	ization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–228; 13
195	195	22 U.S.C. 2151n note). 14
196	196	SEC. 5. ACTIONS TO COMBAT ONLINE CENSORSHIP AND 15
197	197	SURVEILLANCE IN VIETNAM. 16
198	198	(a) F
199	199	INDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 17
200	200	(1) Vietnam continues to have one of the 18
201	201	world’s most restrictive internet environments, with 19
202	202	pervasive filtering of content and the frequent ar-20
203	203	rests of bloggers and others whose only offense is to 21
204	204	advocate online for positions different than those 22
205	205	held by the government. 23
206	206	(2) Since 2013, the Government of Vietnam has 24
207	207	issued laws and decrees, including a cybersecurity 25
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210	210	•HR 3122 IH
211	211	law, that increased its ability to surveil its citizens 1
212	212	without judicial oversight or recourse. The cyberse-2
213	213	curity law has been used to charge Vietnamese citi-3
214	214	zens with vague crimes of ‘‘negating revolutionary 4
215	215	achievements’’ and distributing ‘‘misleading informa-5
216	216	tion among the people’’. Vietnam’s Penal Code and 6
217	217	Decree 15 have also been used to render many legiti-7
218	218	mate online activities illegal, leading to the arrest 8
219	219	and detentions of political prisoners. 9
220	220	(3) Vietnam has recently enacted Decree 147, 10
221	221	a stringent internet regulation that took effect on 11
222	222	December 25, 2024. Decree 147 significantly 12
223	223	tightens governmental control over the internet in 13
224	224	Vietnam, posing substantial threats to human rights 14
225	225	and freedom of speech by enforcing user identifica-15
226	226	tion, facilitating state surveillance, and enabling 16
227	227	rapid censorship of online content. 17
228	228	(4) The Government of Vietnam uses the cyber-18
229	229	security law to require United States companies to 19
230	230	store information in Vietnam, censor social media 20
231	231	posts on demand, and to turn over sensitive personal 21
232	232	information about users. Companies such as 22
233	233	Facebook and Google comply with these requests, in-23
234	234	cluding through the censorship of social media con-24
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237	237	•HR 3122 IH
238	238	tent of United States citizens and permanent resi-1
239	239	dent aliens. 2
240	240	(5) United States companies Facebook and 3
241	241	YouTube have been instrumental in this crackdown, 4
242	242	complying with Vietnam’s request to censor and 5
243	243	‘‘geoblock’’ content determined to violate local Viet-6
244	244	namese law, which often contradicts international 7
245	245	law and Vietnam’s treaty obligations. 8
246	246	(6) In the first half of 2020, Facebook in-9
247	247	creased its content restrictions in Vietnam by 983 10
248	248	percent, a dramatic increase from the second half of 11
249	249	2019. 12
250	250	(7) Facebook complied with 90 percent of Viet-13
251	251	nam’s censorship requests and YouTube with 95 14
252	252	percent of such requests, a fact the Government of 15
253	253	Vietnam noted with satisfaction. 16
254	254	(8) As of December 31, 2023, the local legal 17
255	255	provisions that directly enabled Facebook and 18
256	256	YouTube’s censorship, Articles 117 and 331 of Viet-19
257	257	nam’s Penal Code, were used to imprison most of 20
258	258	the 258 prisoners of conscience. 21
259	259	(9) A free and open internet and the free flow 22
260	260	of news and information— 23
261	261	(A) are fundamental components of United 24
262	262	States foreign policy because they foster eco-25
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265	265	•HR 3122 IH
266	266	nomic growth, protect individual liberties, and 1
267	267	advance national security; 2
268	268	(B) are critical to the advancement of both 3
269	269	United States economic interests and inter-4
270	270	nationally recognized human rights globally; 5
271	271	and 6
272	272	(C) are severely hindered by Vietnam’s cy-7
273	273	bersecurity law which would allow the Govern-8
274	274	ment of Vietnam to access private data, spy on 9
275	275	users, require United States businesses to turn 10
276	276	over personally identifiable information or block 11
277	277	content of users, including outside of Vietnam, 12
278	278	and further restrict already limited online 13
279	279	speech. 14
280	280	(b) S
281	281	TATEMENT OFPOLICY.—It is the policy of the 15
282	282	United States to— 16
283	283	(1) pursue an open and free internet in Viet-17
284	284	nam as an issue promoting United States economic 18
285	285	interests and advancing internationally-recognized 19
286	286	human rights; 20
287	287	(2) engage all appropriate United States Gov-21
288	288	ernment agencies to promote the free flow of news 22
289	289	and information in Vietnam; 23
290	290	(3) use all appropriate United States diplomatic 24
291	291	instruments to pressure the Government of Vietnam 25
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294	294	•HR 3122 IH
295	295	to halt requests to force social media companies to 1
296	296	disclose identity, or block accounts and content of 2
297	297	individuals whose content the Government dis-3
298	298	approves; 4
299	299	(4) use all available diplomatic instruments 5
300	300	available to pursue trade policies with Vietnam that 6
301	301	expand internet freedom and the information econ-7
302	302	omy in Vietnam by— 8
303	303	(A) ensuring the free flow of information 9
304	304	across the global network; 10
305	305	(B) promoting stronger international 11
306	306	transparency rules; and 12
307	307	(C) ensuring fair and equal treatment of 13
308	308	online services regardless of country of origin; 14
309	309	and 15
310	310	(5) require companies with contracts with the 16
311	311	United States Government that accede to requests of 17
312	312	the Government of Vietnam to engage in censorship 18
313	313	or to reveal sensitive personal information to report 19
314	314	such requests to the Department of State at the 20
315	315	time such requests occur and to report the nature of 21
316	316	such requests and the companies’ responses publicly. 22
317	317	(c) A
318	318	CTIONS.—The Secretary of State is authorized 23
319	319	to take such actions as may be necessary to— 24
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322	322	•HR 3122 IH
323	323	(1) prioritize the immediate distribution of cen-1
324	324	sorship circumvention tools for computers and 2
325	325	smartphones in Vietnam; and 3
326	326	(2) prioritize projects to ensure the safety and 4
327	327	privacy of bloggers and journalists and human rights 5
328	328	defenders in Vietnam. 6
329	329	(d) B
330	330	RIEFING.—The Secretary of State, in consulta-7
331	331	tion with the Secretary of Commerce and the United 8
332	332	States Trade Representative, should brief the appropriate 9
333	333	congressional committees on an action plan outlining ef-10
334	334	forts to— 11
335	335	(1) promote internet freedom and the free flow 12
336	336	of news and information in Vietnam; and 13
337	337	(2) promote efforts to assist United States 14
338	338	internet companies to fulfill their stated missions to 15
339	339	promote openness, transparency, and connectivity by 16
340	340	opposing requests by the Government of Vietnam to 17
341	341	remove political speech or content of journalists, es-18
342	342	pecially when content is removed from the accounts 19
343	343	of users in the United States. 20
344	344	SEC. 6. INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. 21
345	345	(a) F
346	346	INDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 22
347	347	(1) The promotion and protection of the univer-23
348	348	sally recognized right to the freedom of religion is a 24
349	349	priority of United States foreign policy as stated in 25
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352	352	•HR 3122 IH
353	353	section 402 of the International Religious Freedom 1
354	354	Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6442) and the Bipartisan 2
355	355	Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability 3
356	356	Act of 2015 (title I of Public Law 114–26; 19 4
357	357	U.S.C. 4201 et seq.) which requires the Administra-5
358	358	tion to take religious freedom into account when ne-6
359	359	gotiating trade agreements. 7
360	360	(2) In 2024, the United States Commission on 8
361	361	International Religious Freedom recommended to 9
362	362	the United States Government to designate Vietnam 10
363	363	as a ‘‘country of particular concern’’, or CPC, for 11
364	364	engaging in systematic, ongoing, and egregious viola-12
365	365	tions of religious freedom, as defined by the Inter-13
366	366	national Religious Freedom Act (IRFA), and to sup-14
367	367	port legislative efforts to improve religious freedom 15
368	368	in Vietnam, including the Vietnam Human Rights 16
369	369	Act. 17
370	370	(3) On December 29, 2023, in accordance with 18
371	371	the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, 19
372	372	the Secretary of State, for the second consecutive 20
373	373	year, placed Vietnam on the Special Watch List for 21
374	374	having engaged in or tolerated severe violations of 22
375	375	religious freedom. 23
376	376	(b) S
377	377	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-24
378	378	gress that— 25
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382	382	(1) the designation of Vietnam as a country of 1
383	383	particular concern for religious freedom pursuant to 2
384	384	section 402(b)(1) of the International Religious 3
385	385	Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6442(b)(1)) would 4
386	386	be a powerful and effective tool in highlighting 5
387	387	abuses of religious freedom in Vietnam and in en-6
388	388	couraging improvement in the respect for human 7
389	389	rights in Vietnam; and 8
390	390	(2) the Secretary of State should, in accordance 9
391	391	with the recommendation of the United States Com-10
392	392	mission on International Religious Freedom, des-11
393	393	ignate Vietnam as a country of particular concern 12
394	394	for religious freedom. 13
395	395	SEC. 7. ANNUAL REPORTS ON UNITED STATES-VIETNAM 14
396	396	HUMAN RIGHTS DIALOGUE MEETINGS. 15
397	397	Section 702 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 16
398	398	Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–228; 22 U.S.C. 17
399	399	2151n note) is amended by adding at the end the fol-18
400	400	lowing: 19
401	401	‘‘(9) Ending incidents of torture, police beat-20
402	402	ings, deaths in police custody, and mob or societal 21
403	403	violence targeting religious groups or dissidents. 22
404	404	‘‘(10) Returning properties of independent reli-23
405	405	gious communities or organizations that have been 24
406	406	reportedly expropriated by the Government of Viet-25
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409	409	•HR 3122 IH
410	410	nam or by government-sanctioned religious organiza-1
411	411	tions. 2
412	412	‘‘(11) Addressing individual claims by United 3
413	413	States citizens whose properties have been expropri-4
414	414	ated by the Government of Vietnam without effec-5
415	415	tive, prompt, and fair compensation. 6
416	416	‘‘(12) Implementing section 4 of the Girls 7
417	417	Count Act of (Public Law 114–24; 22 U.S.C. 2151 8
418	418	note) and how such section has been applied in Viet-9
419	419	nam. 10
420	420	‘‘(13) Ensuring internet freedom and specific 11
421	421	efforts to ensure the safety and privacy of Viet-12
422	422	namese bloggers and journalists on the internet or 13
423	423	other forms of electronic communication.’’. 14
424	424	SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. 15
425	425	In this Act: 16
426	426	(1) A
427	427	PPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT -17
428	428	TEES.—Except as otherwise provided, the term ‘‘ap-18
429	429	propriate congressional committees’’ means the 19
430	430	Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-20
431	431	resentatives and the Committee on Foreign Rela-21
432	432	tions of the Senate. 22
433	433	(2) I
434	434	NTERNET.—The term ‘‘internet’’ has the 23
435	435	meaning given such term in section 231(e)(3) of the 24
436	436	Communications Act of (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(3)). 25
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440	440	(3) PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMA -1
441	441	TION.—The term ‘‘personally identifiable informa-2
442	442	tion’’ means data in a form that identifies a par-3
443	443	ticular person. 4
444	444	Æ
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