Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress House Bill HR168 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

Old	New	Differences
1	1	IV
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION H. RES. 168
5	5	Reaffirming the United States commitment to respecting the sovereignty
6	6	of Mexico and condemning calls for military action in Mexico without
7	7	Mexico’s consent and congressional authorization.
8	8	IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
9	9	FEBRUARY27, 2025
10	10	Mr. C
11	11	ASTROof Texas (for himself, Mr. GARCI´Aof Illinois, Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ,
12	12	Mr. M
13	13	EEKS, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Ms. OCASIO-CORTEZ, Mr. CASAR, Mr.
14	14	K
15	15	HANNA, Ms. KAMLAGER-DOVE, Mr. VARGAS, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mrs.
16	16	T
17	17	ORRESof California, Mr. JACKSONof Illinois, Ms. OMAR, Ms. TITUS,
18	18	Mr. G
19	19	OMEZ, Mr. CARSON, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. GRIJALVA, Ms. JACOBS,
20	20	Mrs. C
21	21	HERFILUS-MCCORMICK, Ms. NORTON, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, and Ms.
22	22	T
23	23	LAIB) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the
24	24	Committee on Foreign Affairs
25	25	RESOLUTION
26	26	Reaffirming the United States commitment to respecting the
27	27	sovereignty of Mexico and condemning calls for military
28	28	action in Mexico without Mexico’s consent and congres-
29	29	sional authorization.
30	30	Whereas Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations,
31	31	to which the United States is a party, states, ‘‘All Mem-
32	32	bers shall refrain in their international relations from the
33	33	threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or
34	34	political independence of any state, or in any other man-
35	35	ner . . .’’;
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38	38	•HRES 168 IH
39	39	Whereas the Charter of the Organization of American States,
40	40	to which the United States is a party, Article 3(h) of
41	41	Chapter III states, ‘‘An act of aggression against one
42	42	American State is an act of aggression against all the
43	43	other American States’’, and Article 3(i) states, ‘‘Con-
44	44	troversies of an international character arising between
45	45	two or more American States shall be settled by peaceful
46	46	procedures’’;
47	47	Whereas Article 22 of the Charter of the Organization of
48	48	American States declares, ‘‘The American States bind
49	49	themselves in their international relations not to have re-
50	50	course to the use of force, except in the case of self de-
51	51	fense in accordance with existing treaties or in fulfillment
52	52	thereof’’;
53	53	Whereas the United States and Mexico have cooperated for
54	54	several decades on a variety of issues such as trade, in-
55	55	vestment, counter-narcotics, migration, rule of law, and
56	56	security, including through recent high-level security and
57	57	economic dialogues;
58	58	Whereas unilateral military action in Mexico could result in
59	59	further violence and displacement in the country, contrib-
60	60	uting to forced migration within the Western Hemisphere
61	61	including the United States;
62	62	Whereas Mexico is the largest trading partner of the United
63	63	States, and unilateral military action in Mexico could
64	64	trigger severe bilateral consequences that drive up ex-
65	65	penses for workers and consumers in the United States;
66	66	Whereas unilateral military action in Mexico by the United
67	67	States risks trapping the United States military in an in-
68	68	tractable conflict, endangering the lives of United States
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71	71	•HRES 168 IH
72	72	service members and civilians in both Mexico and the
73	73	United States; and
74	74	Whereas it is in the interest of the United States to work
75	75	with the Mexican government to address the challenges
76	76	posed by transnational criminal organizations: Now,
77	77	therefore, be it
78	78	Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 1
79	79	(1) respects the sovereignty of Mexico, as pro-2
80	80	tected by the principles of the Charter of the United 3
81	81	Nations and the Charter of the Organization of 4
82	82	American States; 5
83	83	(2) rejects and condemns the use of military 6
84	84	force by the United States against entities based in 7
85	85	Mexico if conducted without the consent of the Mexi-8
86	86	can Government and without an explicit authoriza-9
87	87	tion for the use of military force enacted by Con-10
88	88	gress; 11
89	89	(3) recognizes that any act of aggression on 12
90	90	Mexico’s sovereign territory without their consent 13
91	91	could be considered an act of war and a violation of 14
92	92	international law; 15
93	93	(4) emphasizes that any actions by the Presi-16
94	94	dent to engage in hostilities in Mexico without con-17
95	95	gressional authorization and for purposes other than 18
96	96	repelling a sudden attack would impinge on the con-19
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99	99	•HRES 168 IH
100	100	stitutional separation of powers and implicate the 1
101	101	War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.); 2
102	102	(5) underscores that any designation of an enti-3
103	103	ty, including transnational criminal organizations, as 4
104	104	a foreign terrorist organization under United States 5
105	105	law on its own does not provide the President the 6
106	106	authority to conduct military actions against that 7
107	107	entity; 8
108	108	(6) reaffirms the President’s inherent power to 9
109	109	repel sudden attacks on United States persons and 10
110	110	territory while noting that the manufacture, trans-11
111	111	portation, and sale of fentanyl and related chemical 12
112	112	compounds is not an invasion, predatory incursion, 13
113	113	or other armed attack by a foreign adversary and 14
114	114	should not serve as the basis for using military force 15
115	115	without congressional authorization; and 16
116	116	(7) calls on continued United States engage-17
117	117	ment with Mexico and strong bilateral relations to 18
118	118	support productive and effective means of combating 19
119	119	rising crime, violence, and drug trafficking. 20
120	120	Æ
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