| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 1136 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To authorize sentencing enhancements for certain criminal offenses directed |
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| 6 | 6 | | by or coordinated with foreign governments. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 8 | 8 | | MARCH26, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Ms. H |
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| 10 | 10 | | ASSAN(for herself, Ms. ERNST, Mr. BANKS, and Ms. SLOTKIN) intro- |
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| 11 | 11 | | duced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Com- |
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| 12 | 12 | | mittee on the Judiciary |
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| 13 | 13 | | A BILL |
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| 14 | 14 | | To authorize sentencing enhancements for certain criminal |
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| 15 | 15 | | offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments. |
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| 16 | 16 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 17 | 17 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 18 | 18 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 19 | 19 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Deterring External 4 |
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| 20 | 20 | | Threats and Ensuring Robust Responses to Egregious and 5 |
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| 21 | 21 | | Nefarious Criminal Endeavors Act’’ or the ‘‘DETER-6 |
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| 22 | 22 | | RENCE Act’’. 7 |
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| 23 | 23 | | SEC. 2. KIDNAPPING. 8 |
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| 24 | 24 | | Section 1201 of title 18, United States Code, is 9 |
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| 25 | 25 | | amended— 10 |
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| 27 | 27 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 2 |
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| 28 | 28 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 29 | 29 | | (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub-1 |
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| 30 | 30 | | section (i); 2 |
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| 31 | 31 | | (2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-3 |
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| 32 | 32 | | lowing: 4 |
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| 33 | 33 | | ‘‘(h) S |
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| 34 | 34 | | ENTENCEENHANCEMENTS FOR OFFENSESDI-5 |
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| 35 | 35 | | RECTED BY ORCOORDINATEDWITHFOREIGNGOVERN-6 |
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| 36 | 36 | | MENTS.— 7 |
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| 37 | 37 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 38 | 38 | | N GENERAL.—The sentence of a person 8 |
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| 39 | 39 | | convicted of an offense under subsection (a) may be 9 |
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| 40 | 40 | | increased by up to 10 years if such offense was com-10 |
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| 41 | 41 | | mitted knowingly at the direction of or in coordina-11 |
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| 42 | 42 | | tion with a foreign government or an agent of a for-12 |
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| 43 | 43 | | eign government. 13 |
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| 44 | 44 | | ‘‘(2) C |
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| 45 | 45 | | ONSPIRACY.—The sentence of a person 14 |
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| 46 | 46 | | convicted of conspiring to commit a violation of sub-15 |
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| 47 | 47 | | section (a) as part of a conspiracy under the ele-16 |
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| 48 | 48 | | ments specified in subsection (c) may be increased 17 |
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| 49 | 49 | | by up to 10 years if— 18 |
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| 50 | 50 | | ‘‘(A) 1 or more of the persons involved in 19 |
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| 51 | 51 | | such conspiracy were knowingly acting in co-20 |
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| 52 | 52 | | ordination with a foreign government or an 21 |
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| 53 | 53 | | agent of a foreign government; and 22 |
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| 54 | 54 | | ‘‘(B) the person convicted of conspiring to 23 |
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| 55 | 55 | | commit a violation of subsection (a) knew that 24 |
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| 56 | 56 | | 1 or more of the persons involved in such con-25 |
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| 58 | 58 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 3 |
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| 59 | 59 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 60 | 60 | | spiracy were knowingly acting in coordination 1 |
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| 61 | 61 | | with a foreign government or an agent of a for-2 |
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| 62 | 62 | | eign government. 3 |
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| 63 | 63 | | ‘‘(3) A |
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| 64 | 64 | | TTEMPT.—The sentence of a person con-4 |
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| 65 | 65 | | victed of an attempt to violate subsection (a) may be 5 |
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| 66 | 66 | | increased by up to 5 years if such attempt was 6 |
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| 67 | 67 | | knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with 7 |
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| 68 | 68 | | a foreign government or an agent of a foreign gov-8 |
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| 69 | 69 | | ernment.’’; and 9 |
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| 70 | 70 | | (3) in subsection (i), as so designated, by in-10 |
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| 71 | 71 | | serting ‘‘D |
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| 72 | 72 | | EFINITION.—’’ before ‘‘As used in this 11 |
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| 73 | 73 | | section’’. 12 |
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| 74 | 74 | | SEC. 3. USE OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE FACILITIES IN 13 |
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| 75 | 75 | | THE COMMISSION OF MURDER-FOR-HIRE. 14 |
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| 76 | 76 | | (a) I |
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| 77 | 77 | | NGENERAL.—Section 1958 of title 18, United 15 |
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| 78 | 78 | | States Code, is amended— 16 |
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| 79 | 79 | | (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-17 |
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| 80 | 80 | | section (c); 18 |
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| 81 | 81 | | (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-19 |
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| 82 | 82 | | lowing: 20 |
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| 83 | 83 | | ‘‘(b) S |
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| 84 | 84 | | ENTENCEENHANCEMENTS FOR OFFENSESDI-21 |
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| 85 | 85 | | RECTED BY ORCOORDINATEDWITHFOREIGNGOVERN-22 |
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| 86 | 86 | | MENTS.—The sentence of a person convicted of an offense 23 |
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| 87 | 87 | | under subsection (a)— 24 |
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| 89 | 89 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 4 |
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| 90 | 90 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 91 | 91 | | ‘‘(1) may be increased by up to 5 years, if such 1 |
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| 92 | 92 | | offense was committed knowingly at the direction of 2 |
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| 93 | 93 | | or in coordination with a foreign government or an 3 |
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| 94 | 94 | | agent of a foreign government; and 4 |
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| 95 | 95 | | ‘‘(2) may be increased by up to 10 years— 5 |
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| 96 | 96 | | ‘‘(A) if such offense was committed know-6 |
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| 97 | 97 | | ingly at the direction of or in coordination with 7 |
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| 98 | 98 | | a foreign government or an agent of a foreign 8 |
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| 99 | 99 | | government; and 9 |
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| 100 | 100 | | ‘‘(B) personal injury results.’’; and 10 |
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| 101 | 101 | | (3) in subsection (c), as so redesignated, by in-11 |
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| 102 | 102 | | serting ‘‘D |
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| 103 | 103 | | EFINITIONS.—’’ before ‘‘As used in this 12 |
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| 104 | 104 | | section’’. 13 |
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| 105 | 105 | | (b) T |
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| 106 | 106 | | ECHNICAL ANDCONFORMINGAMENDMENTS.— 14 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (1) Section 2332b(g)(2) of title 18, United 15 |
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| 108 | 108 | | States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘section 16 |
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| 109 | 109 | | 1958(b)(2)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 1958’’. 17 |
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| 110 | 110 | | (2) Section 1010A(d) of the Controlled Sub-18 |
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| 111 | 111 | | stances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960a(d)) 19 |
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| 112 | 112 | | is amended by striking ‘‘section 1958(b)(1)’’ and in-20 |
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| 113 | 113 | | serting ‘‘section 1958’’. 21 |
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| 115 | 115 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 5 |
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| 116 | 116 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 117 | 117 | | SEC. 4. INFLUENCING, IMPEDING, OR RETALIATING 1 |
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| 118 | 118 | | AGAINST A FEDERAL OFFICIAL BY THREAT-2 |
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| 119 | 119 | | ENING OR INJURING A FAMILY MEMBER. 3 |
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| 120 | 120 | | Section 115(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 4 |
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| 121 | 121 | | amended by adding at the end the following: 5 |
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| 122 | 122 | | ‘‘(5) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense 6 |
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| 123 | 123 | | under subsection (a), if such offense was committed know-7 |
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| 124 | 124 | | ingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign 8 |
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| 125 | 125 | | government or an agent of a foreign government— 9 |
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| 126 | 126 | | ‘‘(A) may be increased by up to 5 years if the 10 |
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| 127 | 127 | | offense committed was an assault involving physical 11 |
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| 128 | 128 | | contact with the victim of that assault or the intent 12 |
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| 129 | 129 | | to commit another felony; 13 |
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| 130 | 130 | | ‘‘(B) may be increased by up to 10 years if— 14 |
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| 131 | 131 | | ‘‘(i) the offense committed was an assault 15 |
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| 132 | 132 | | resulting in bodily injury (including serious bod-16 |
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| 133 | 133 | | ily injury (as that term is defined in section 17 |
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| 134 | 134 | | 1365 of this title)); 18 |
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| 135 | 135 | | ‘‘(ii) the offense involved any conduct that, 19 |
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| 136 | 136 | | if the conduct occurred in the special maritime 20 |
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| 137 | 137 | | and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, 21 |
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| 138 | 138 | | would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title; 22 |
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| 139 | 139 | | or 23 |
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| 140 | 140 | | ‘‘(iii) a dangerous weapon was used during 24 |
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| 141 | 141 | | and in relation to the offense; and 25 |
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| 143 | 143 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 6 |
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| 144 | 144 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 145 | 145 | | ‘‘(C) may be increased by up to 10 years if the 1 |
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| 146 | 146 | | offense committed was a murder, attempted murder, 2 |
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| 147 | 147 | | or conspiracy to murder.’’. 3 |
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| 148 | 148 | | SEC. 5. STALKING. 4 |
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| 149 | 149 | | Section 2261A of title 18, United States Code, is 5 |
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| 150 | 150 | | amended— 6 |
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| 151 | 151 | | (1) by striking ‘‘Whoever—’’ and inserting ‘‘(a) 7 |
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| 152 | 152 | | I |
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| 153 | 153 | | NGENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection (b), 8 |
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| 154 | 154 | | whoever—’’; and 9 |
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| 155 | 155 | | (2) by adding at the end the following: 10 |
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| 156 | 156 | | ‘‘(b) E |
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| 157 | 157 | | NHANCEDPENALTIES FOR OFFENSESIN-11 |
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| 158 | 158 | | VOLVINGFOREIGNGOVERNMENTS.—The sentence of a 12 |
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| 159 | 159 | | person convicted of an offense under paragraph (1) or (2) 13 |
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| 160 | 160 | | of subsection (a), if such offense was committed knowingly 14 |
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| 161 | 161 | | at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign gov-15 |
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| 162 | 162 | | ernment or an agent of a foreign government— 16 |
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| 163 | 163 | | ‘‘(1) may be increased by up to 5 years if— 17 |
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| 164 | 164 | | ‘‘(A) serious bodily injury (including per-18 |
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| 165 | 165 | | manent disfigurement or life threatening bodily 19 |
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| 166 | 166 | | injury) to the victim results; 20 |
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| 167 | 167 | | ‘‘(B) the offender uses a dangerous weap-21 |
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| 168 | 168 | | on during the offense; or 22 |
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| 169 | 169 | | ‘‘(C) the victim of the offense is under the 23 |
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| 170 | 170 | | age of 18 years; 24 |
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| 172 | 172 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 7 |
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| 173 | 173 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 174 | 174 | | ‘‘(2) may be increased by up to 10 years if 1 |
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| 175 | 175 | | death of the victim results; and 2 |
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| 176 | 176 | | ‘‘(3) may be increased by up to 30 months in 3 |
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| 177 | 177 | | any other case.’’. 4 |
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| 178 | 178 | | SEC. 6. PROTECTION OF OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF 5 |
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| 179 | 179 | | THE UNITED STATES. 6 |
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| 180 | 180 | | Section 1114 of title 18, United States Code, is 7 |
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| 181 | 181 | | amended— 8 |
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| 182 | 182 | | (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-9 |
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| 183 | 183 | | section (c); and 10 |
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| 184 | 184 | | (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-11 |
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| 185 | 185 | | lowing: 12 |
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| 186 | 186 | | ‘‘(b) S |
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| 187 | 187 | | ENTENCEENHANCEMENTS FOR OFFENSESDI-13 |
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| 188 | 188 | | RECTED BY ORCOORDINATEDWITHFOREIGNGOVERN-14 |
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| 189 | 189 | | MENTS.—The sentence of a person convicted of an offense 15 |
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| 190 | 190 | | under subsection (a) may be increased by up to 10 years 16 |
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| 191 | 191 | | if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction 17 |
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| 192 | 192 | | of or in coordination with a foreign government or an 18 |
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| 193 | 193 | | agent of a foreign government.’’. 19 |
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| 194 | 194 | | SEC. 7. PRESIDENTIAL AND PRESIDENTIAL STAFF ASSAS-20 |
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| 195 | 195 | | SINATION, KIDNAPPING, AND ASSAULT. 21 |
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| 196 | 196 | | Section 1751 of title 18, United States Code, is 22 |
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| 197 | 197 | | amended— 23 |
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| 198 | 198 | | (1) by redesignating subsections (f) through (k) 24 |
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| 199 | 199 | | as subsections (g) through (i), respectively; and 25 |
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| 201 | 201 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 8 |
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| 202 | 202 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 203 | 203 | | (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol-1 |
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| 204 | 204 | | lowing: 2 |
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| 205 | 205 | | ‘‘(f)(1) The sentence of a person convicted of an of-3 |
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| 206 | 206 | | fense under subsection (a), (b), or (c) may be increased 4 |
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| 207 | 207 | | by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly 5 |
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| 208 | 208 | | at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign gov-6 |
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| 209 | 209 | | ernment or an agent of a foreign government. 7 |
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| 210 | 210 | | ‘‘(2) The sentence of a person convicted of conspiring 8 |
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| 211 | 211 | | to kill or kidnap any individual designated in subsection 9 |
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| 212 | 212 | | (a) as part of a conspiracy under the elements specified 10 |
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| 213 | 213 | | in subsection (d) may be increased by up to 10 years if— 11 |
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| 214 | 214 | | ‘‘(A) 1 or more of the persons involved in such 12 |
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| 215 | 215 | | conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination 13 |
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| 216 | 216 | | with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign 14 |
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| 217 | 217 | | government; and 15 |
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| 218 | 218 | | ‘‘(B) the person convicted of conspiring to kill 16 |
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| 219 | 219 | | or kidnap an individual designated in subsection (a) 17 |
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| 220 | 220 | | knew that 1 or more of the persons involved in such 18 |
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| 221 | 221 | | conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination 19 |
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| 222 | 222 | | with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign 20 |
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| 223 | 223 | | government. 21 |
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| 224 | 224 | | ‘‘(3) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense 22 |
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| 225 | 225 | | under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years 23 |
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| 226 | 226 | | if— 24 |
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| 228 | 228 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 9 |
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| 229 | 229 | | •S 1136 IS |
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| 230 | 230 | | ‘‘(A) the victim was any person designated in 1 |
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| 231 | 231 | | subsection (a)(1); and 2 |
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| 232 | 232 | | ‘‘(B) such offense was committed knowingly at 3 |
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| 233 | 233 | | the direction of or in coordination with a foreign 4 |
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| 234 | 234 | | government or an agent of a foreign government. 5 |
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| 235 | 235 | | ‘‘(4) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense 6 |
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| 236 | 236 | | under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years 7 |
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| 237 | 237 | | if— 8 |
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| 238 | 238 | | ‘‘(A) the victim was any person designated in 9 |
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| 239 | 239 | | subsection (a)(2); and 10 |
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| 240 | 240 | | ‘‘(B) such offense was committed knowingly at 11 |
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| 241 | 241 | | the direction of or in coordination with a foreign 12 |
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| 242 | 242 | | government or an agent of a foreign government. 13 |
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| 243 | 243 | | ‘‘(5) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense 14 |
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| 244 | 244 | | under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years 15 |
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| 245 | 245 | | if— 16 |
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| 246 | 246 | | ‘‘(A)(i) the offense involved the use of a dan-17 |
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| 247 | 247 | | gerous weapon; or 18 |
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| 248 | 248 | | ‘‘(ii) personal injury resulted; and 19 |
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| 249 | 249 | | ‘‘(B) such offense was committed knowingly at 20 |
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| 250 | 250 | | the direction of or in coordination with a foreign 21 |
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| 251 | 251 | | government or an agent of a foreign government.’’. 22 |
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| 252 | 252 | | Æ |
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| 254 | 254 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS |
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