Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB1184 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

Old	New	Differences
1	1	II
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION S. 1184
5	5	To direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to negotiate with the Govern-
6	6	ment of Canada regarding an agreement for integrated cross border
7	7	aerial law enforcement operations, and for other purposes.
8	8	IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
9	9	MARCH27, 2025
10	10	Ms. H
11	11	ASSAN(for herself and Mr. LANKFORD) introduced the following bill;
12	12	which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Secu-
13	13	rity and Governmental Affairs
14	14	A BILL
15	15	To direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to negotiate
16	16	with the Government of Canada regarding an agreement
17	17	for integrated cross border aerial law enforcement oper-
18	18	ations, and for other purposes.
19	19	Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
20	20	tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
21	21	SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
22	22	This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cross Border Aerial 4
23	23	Law Enforcement Operations Act’’. 5
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26	26	•S 1184 IS
27	27	SEC. 2. INTEGRATED CROSS BORDER AERIAL LAW EN-1
28	28	FORCEMENT OPERATIONS PROGRAM. 2
29	29	(a) A
30	30	UTHORIZATION.—If authorized pursuant to a bi-3
31	31	lateral agreement between the United States Government 4
32	32	and the Government of Canada, the Secretary of Home-5
33	33	land Security may establish an integrated cross border 6
34	34	aerial law enforcement program (referred to in this section 7
35	35	as the ‘‘Program’’) along the international border between 8
36	36	the United States and Canada, which may be modeled off 9
37	37	the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border 10
38	38	Maritime Law Enforcement Operations Between the Gov-11
39	39	ernment of the United States of America and the Govern-12
40	40	ment of Canada, done at Detroit May 26, 2009. 13
41	41	(b) P
42	42	ROGRAMELEMENTS.— 14
43	43	(1) P
44	44	ARTICIPANTS.—The Program may be 15
45	45	staffed by approved law enforcement officers from— 16
46	46	(A) U.S. Customs and Border Protection; 17
47	47	(B) the United States Coast Guard; 18
48	48	(C) Homeland Security Investigations; 19
49	49	(D) any other Federal law enforcement 20
50	50	agency, as appropriate, designated by the Sec-21
51	51	retary of Homeland Security; and 22
52	52	(E) appropriate law enforcement agencies 23
53	53	of the Government of Canada. 24
54	54	(2) S
55	55	COPE.—The jurisdiction of the Program 25
56	56	shall be limited to the territory located within 50 26
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59	59	•S 1184 IS
60	60	miles of either side of the international border be-1
61	61	tween the United States and Canada unless— 2
62	62	(A) a situation within such territory re-3
63	63	quires an aircraft to leave from or return to an 4
64	64	airport, heliport, or base of operations located 5
65	65	outside such territory; or 6
66	66	(B) there are exigent circumstances relat-7
67	67	ing to authorized Program activities, as defined 8
68	68	in the underlying bilateral agreement, including 9
69	69	an emergency on an aircraft or an emergency 10
70	70	on the ground. 11
71	71	(3) C
72	72	IVIL RIGHTS.—The Program shall ensure 12
73	73	that the civil rights, civil liberties, and privacy of all 13
74	74	individuals within the jurisdiction of the United 14
75	75	States are guaranteed in accordance with Federal 15
76	76	law. 16
77	77	(4) N
78	78	OTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS .— 17
79	79	(A) B
80	80	ILATERAL AGREEMENT .—Not later 18
81	81	than 30 days after receiving a copy of a bilat-19
82	82	eral agreement described in subsection (a), the 20
83	83	Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a 21
84	84	signed copy of such agreement to the Com-22
85	85	mittee on Homeland Security and Govern-23
86	86	mental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on 24
87	87	Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee 25
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90	90	•S 1184 IS
91	91	on Homeland Security of the House of Rep-1
92	92	resentatives, and the Committee on Foreign Af-2
93	93	fairs of the House of Representatives. 3
94	94	(B) P
95	95	ROGRAM ELEMENTS AND SCOPE .— 4
96	96	Not later than 30 days after the implementa-5
97	97	tion of the Program, the Secretary of Homeland 6
98	98	Security shall submit a written description of 7
99	99	the elements and scope of the Program to the 8
100	100	congressional committees listed under subpara-9
101	101	graph (A). 10
102	102	(5) P
103	103	RIVACY, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND CIVIL LIB-11
104	104	ERTIES TRAINING.— 12
105	105	(A) I
106	106	N GENERAL.—Any agreement de-13
107	107	scribed in subsection (a) shall include specific 14
108	108	provisions that— 15
109	109	(i) are intended to protect the privacy 16
110	110	and civil liberties of United States citizens; 17
111	111	and 18
112	112	(ii) ensure that cross border aerial law 19
113	113	enforcement operations are conducted in a 20
114	114	manner that— 21
115	115	(I) respects individual rights; and 22
116	116	(II) complies with applicable 23
117	117	United States laws. 24
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121	121	(B) TRAINING.—Any officer of the United 1
122	122	States or of Canada, before participating in the 2
123	123	Program, shall complete sufficient training to 3
124	124	ensure they understand their responsibilities to 4
125	125	protect the privacy, civil liberties, and civil 5
126	126	rights of United States citizens. 6
127	127	(c) C
128	128	OMMUNICATIONS.—Each of the agencies re-7
129	129	ferred to in subsection (b)(1) are authorized to establish 8
130	130	necessary communication protocols for the safety of cross 9
131	131	border aerial law enforcement operations. 10
132	132	(d) F
133	133	AILURETOFINALIZEPROGRAMREPORT.—If 11
134	134	the Program is not established on or before the date that 12
135	135	is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, 13
136	136	the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report 14
137	137	to the congressional committees referred to in subsection 15
138	138	(b)(4)(A) that includes— 16
139	139	(1) a description of any unresolved issues that 17
140	140	are preventing the establishment of the Program; 18
141	141	(2) any actions that Congress could take to fa-19
142	142	cilitate the establishment of such Program; 20
143	143	(3) any potential concerns relating to civil 21
144	144	rights, civil liberties, or privacy that have impacted 22
145	145	the establishment of the Program; and 23
146	146	(4) a recommendation regarding whether— 24
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150	150	(A) the Secretary should continue trying to 1
151	151	establish such Program; or 2
152	152	(B) such Program is not needed. 3
153	153	SEC. 3. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM REPORT. 4
154	154	Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 5
155	155	of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall sub-6
156	156	mit an unclassified report, with a classified annex, if nec-7
157	157	essary, to the congressional committees referred to in sec-8
158	158	tion 2(b)(4)(A) that describes the use of unmanned air-9
159	159	craft systems (referred to in this section as ‘‘UAS’’) along 10
160	160	the northern international border of the United States, in-11
161	161	cluding— 12
162	162	(1) interagency coordination to mitigate incur-13
163	163	sions from unauthorized UAS; 14
164	164	(2) any jurisdictional issues that would prevent 15
165	165	the mitigation of unauthorized UAS; 16
166	166	(3) the use of UAS by malign actors— 17
167	167	(A) to collect intelligence or surveil law en-18
168	168	forcement operations; 19
169	169	(B) to move contraband, persons, or pay-20
170	170	loads across the international border; or 21
171	171	(C) to conduct espionage; 22
172	172	(4) an assessment of the feasibility for joint, 23
173	173	cross-border law enforcement operations involving 24
174	174	UAS or counter-unmanned aircraft systems; and 25
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178	178	(5) the potential risks to civil rights, civil lib-1
179	179	erties, and privacy resulting from the Department of 2
180	180	Homeland Security operating UAS and counter-un-3
181	181	manned aircraft systems along the northern border 4
182	182	of the United States. 5
183	183	SEC. 4. NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS. 6
184	184	No additional funds are authorized to be appro-7
185	185	priated for the purpose of carrying out this Act. 8
186	186	Æ
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