| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 1401 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To amend title 18, United States Code, to provide a certification process |
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| 6 | 6 | | for the issuance of nondisclosure requirements accompanying certain |
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| 7 | 7 | | administrative subpoenas, to provide for judicial review of such nondisclo- |
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| 8 | 8 | | sure requirements, and for other purposes. |
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| 9 | 9 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 10 | 10 | | APRIL9, 2025 |
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| 11 | 11 | | Mr. K |
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| 12 | 12 | | ENNEDY(for himself, Mr. RICKETTS, and Mr. CORNYN) introduced the |
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| 13 | 13 | | following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the |
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| 14 | 14 | | Judiciary |
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| 15 | 15 | | A BILL |
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| 16 | 16 | | To amend title 18, United States Code, to provide a certifi- |
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| 17 | 17 | | cation process for the issuance of nondisclosure require- |
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| 18 | 18 | | ments accompanying certain administrative subpoenas, |
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| 19 | 19 | | to provide for judicial review of such nondisclosure re- |
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| 20 | 20 | | quirements, and for other purposes. |
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| 21 | 21 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 22 | 22 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 23 | 23 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 24 | 24 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Targeting Child Preda-4 |
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| 25 | 25 | | tors Act of 2025’’. 5 |
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| 26 | 26 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:47 Apr 22, 2025 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1401.IS S1401 |
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| 27 | 27 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 2 |
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| 28 | 28 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 29 | 29 | | SEC. 2. NONDISCLOSURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SUBPOENAS. 1 |
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| 30 | 30 | | Section 3486(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 2 |
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| 31 | 31 | | amended— 3 |
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| 32 | 32 | | (1) by striking ‘‘the Secretary of the Treasury’’ 4 |
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| 33 | 33 | | each place it appears and inserting ‘‘the Secretary of 5 |
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| 34 | 34 | | Homeland Security’’; 6 |
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| 35 | 35 | | (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘ordered by a 7 |
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| 36 | 36 | | court’’; and 8 |
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| 37 | 37 | | (3) in paragraph (6)— 9 |
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| 38 | 38 | | (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘A 10 |
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| 39 | 39 | | United States’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as pro-11 |
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| 40 | 40 | | vided in subparagraph (D), a United States’’; 12 |
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| 41 | 41 | | and 13 |
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| 42 | 42 | | (B) by adding at the end the following: 14 |
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| 43 | 43 | | ‘‘(D)(i)(I) If a subpoena issued under this section as 15 |
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| 44 | 44 | | described in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II) is accompanied by a 16 |
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| 45 | 45 | | certification under subclause (II) of this clause and notice 17 |
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| 46 | 46 | | of the right to judicial review under clause (iii) of this 18 |
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| 47 | 47 | | subparagraph, no recipient of such a subpoena shall dis-19 |
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| 48 | 48 | | close to any person that the Federal official who issued 20 |
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| 49 | 49 | | the subpoena has sought or obtained access to information 21 |
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| 50 | 50 | | or records under this section, for a period of 180 days. 22 |
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| 51 | 51 | | ‘‘(II) The requirements of subclause (I) shall apply 23 |
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| 52 | 52 | | if the Federal official who issued the subpoena certifies 24 |
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| 53 | 53 | | that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this 25 |
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| 54 | 54 | | subsection may result in— 26 |
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| 56 | 56 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 3 |
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| 57 | 57 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 58 | 58 | | ‘‘(aa) endangering the life or physical safety of 1 |
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| 59 | 59 | | an individual; 2 |
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| 60 | 60 | | ‘‘(bb) flight from prosecution; 3 |
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| 61 | 61 | | ‘‘(cc) destruction of or tampering with evidence; 4 |
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| 62 | 62 | | ‘‘(dd) intimidation of potential witnesses; or 5 |
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| 63 | 63 | | ‘‘(ee) otherwise seriously jeopardizing an inves-6 |
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| 64 | 64 | | tigation. 7 |
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| 65 | 65 | | ‘‘(ii)(I) A recipient of a subpoena under this section 8 |
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| 66 | 66 | | as described in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II) may disclose infor-9 |
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| 67 | 67 | | mation otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure 10 |
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| 68 | 68 | | requirement to— 11 |
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| 69 | 69 | | ‘‘(aa) those persons to whom disclosure is nec-12 |
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| 70 | 70 | | essary in order to comply with the request; 13 |
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| 71 | 71 | | ‘‘(bb) an attorney in order to obtain legal advice 14 |
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| 72 | 72 | | or assistance regarding the request; or 15 |
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| 73 | 73 | | ‘‘(cc) other persons as permitted by the Federal 16 |
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| 74 | 74 | | official who issued the subpoena. 17 |
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| 75 | 75 | | ‘‘(II) A person to whom disclosure is made under sub-18 |
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| 76 | 76 | | clause (I) shall be subject to the nondisclosure require-19 |
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| 77 | 77 | | ments applicable to a person to whom a subpoena is issued 20 |
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| 78 | 78 | | under this section in the same manner as the person to 21 |
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| 79 | 79 | | whom the subpoena was issued. 22 |
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| 80 | 80 | | ‘‘(III) Any recipient that discloses to a person de-23 |
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| 81 | 81 | | scribed in subclause (I) information otherwise subject to 24 |
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| 83 | 83 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 4 |
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| 84 | 84 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 85 | 85 | | a nondisclosure requirement shall notify the person of the 1 |
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| 86 | 86 | | applicable nondisclosure requirement. 2 |
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| 87 | 87 | | ‘‘(IV) At the request of the Federal official who 3 |
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| 88 | 88 | | issued the subpoena, any person making or intending to 4 |
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| 89 | 89 | | make a disclosure under item (aa) or (cc) of subclause 5 |
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| 90 | 90 | | (I) shall identify to the individual making the request 6 |
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| 91 | 91 | | under this clause the person to whom such disclosure will 7 |
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| 92 | 92 | | be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to 8 |
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| 93 | 93 | | the request. 9 |
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| 94 | 94 | | ‘‘(iii)(I) A nondisclosure requirement imposed under 10 |
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| 95 | 95 | | clause (i) shall be subject to judicial review under section 11 |
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| 96 | 96 | | 3486A. 12 |
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| 97 | 97 | | ‘‘(II) A subpoena issued under this section as de-13 |
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| 98 | 98 | | scribed in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II), in connection with 14 |
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| 99 | 99 | | which a nondisclosure requirement under clause (i) is im-15 |
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| 100 | 100 | | posed, shall include notice of the availability of judicial re-16 |
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| 101 | 101 | | view described in subclause (I). 17 |
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| 102 | 102 | | ‘‘(iv) A nondisclosure requirement imposed under 18 |
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| 103 | 103 | | clause (i) may be extended in accordance with section 19 |
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| 104 | 104 | | 3486A(a)(4).’’. 20 |
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| 105 | 105 | | SEC. 3. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF NONDISCLOSURE REQUIRE-21 |
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| 106 | 106 | | MENTS. 22 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (a) I |
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| 108 | 108 | | NGENERAL.—Chapter 223 of title 18, United 23 |
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| 109 | 109 | | States Code, is amended by inserting after section 3486 24 |
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| 110 | 110 | | the following: 25 |
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| 111 | 111 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:47 Apr 22, 2025 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1401.IS S1401 |
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| 112 | 112 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 5 |
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| 113 | 113 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 114 | 114 | | ‘‘§ 3486A. Judicial review of nondisclosure require-1 |
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| 115 | 115 | | ments 2 |
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| 116 | 116 | | ‘‘(a) N |
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| 117 | 117 | | ONDISCLOSURE.— 3 |
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| 118 | 118 | | ‘‘(1) I |
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| 119 | 119 | | N GENERAL.— 4 |
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| 120 | 120 | | ‘‘(A) N |
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| 121 | 121 | | OTICE.—If a recipient of a sub-5 |
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| 122 | 122 | | poena under section 3486 as described in sub-6 |
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| 123 | 123 | | section (a)(1)(A)(i)(II) of section 3486 wishes 7 |
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| 124 | 124 | | to have a court review a nondisclosure require-8 |
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| 125 | 125 | | ment imposed in connection with the subpoena, 9 |
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| 126 | 126 | | the recipient may notify the Government or file 10 |
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| 127 | 127 | | a petition for judicial review in any court de-11 |
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| 128 | 128 | | scribed in subsection (a)(5) of section 3486. 12 |
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| 129 | 129 | | ‘‘(B) A |
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| 130 | 130 | | PPLICATION.—Not later than 30 13 |
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| 131 | 131 | | days after the date of receipt of a notification 14 |
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| 132 | 132 | | under subparagraph (A), the Government shall 15 |
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| 133 | 133 | | apply for an order prohibiting the disclosure of 16 |
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| 134 | 134 | | the existence or contents of the relevant sub-17 |
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| 135 | 135 | | poena. An application under this subparagraph 18 |
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| 136 | 136 | | may be filed in the district court of the United 19 |
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| 137 | 137 | | States for the judicial district in which the re-20 |
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| 138 | 138 | | cipient of the subpoena is doing business or in 21 |
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| 139 | 139 | | the district court of the United States for any 22 |
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| 140 | 140 | | judicial district within which the authorized in-23 |
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| 141 | 141 | | vestigation that is the basis for the subpoena is 24 |
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| 142 | 142 | | being conducted. The applicable nondisclosure 25 |
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| 143 | 143 | | requirement shall remain in effect during the 26 |
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| 145 | 145 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 6 |
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| 146 | 146 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 147 | 147 | | pendency of proceedings relating to the require-1 |
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| 148 | 148 | | ment. 2 |
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| 149 | 149 | | ‘‘(C) C |
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| 150 | 150 | | ONSIDERATION.—A district court of 3 |
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| 151 | 151 | | the United States that receives a petition under 4 |
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| 152 | 152 | | subparagraph (A) or an application under sub-5 |
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| 153 | 153 | | paragraph (B) should rule expeditiously, and 6 |
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| 154 | 154 | | shall, subject to paragraph (3), issue a non-7 |
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| 155 | 155 | | disclosure order that includes conditions appro-8 |
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| 156 | 156 | | priate to the circumstances. 9 |
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| 157 | 157 | | ‘‘(2) A |
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| 158 | 158 | | PPLICATION CONTENTS .—An application 10 |
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| 159 | 159 | | for a nondisclosure order or extension thereof or a 11 |
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| 160 | 160 | | response to a petition filed under paragraph (1) 12 |
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| 161 | 161 | | shall include a certification from the Federal official 13 |
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| 162 | 162 | | who issued the subpoena indicating that the absence 14 |
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| 163 | 163 | | of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection 15 |
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| 164 | 164 | | may result in— 16 |
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| 165 | 165 | | ‘‘(A) endangering the life or physical safety 17 |
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| 166 | 166 | | of an individual; 18 |
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| 167 | 167 | | ‘‘(B) flight from prosecution; 19 |
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| 168 | 168 | | ‘‘(C) destruction of or tampering with evi-20 |
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| 169 | 169 | | dence; 21 |
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| 170 | 170 | | ‘‘(D) intimidation of potential witnesses; or 22 |
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| 171 | 171 | | ‘‘(E) otherwise seriously jeopardizing an 23 |
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| 172 | 172 | | investigation. 24 |
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| 174 | 174 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 7 |
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| 175 | 175 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 176 | 176 | | ‘‘(3) STANDARD.—A district court of the 1 |
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| 177 | 177 | | United States shall issue a nondisclosure order or 2 |
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| 178 | 178 | | extension thereof under this subsection if the court 3 |
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| 179 | 179 | | determines that there is reason to believe that disclo-4 |
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| 180 | 180 | | sure of the information subject to the nondisclosure 5 |
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| 181 | 181 | | requirement during the applicable time period may 6 |
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| 182 | 182 | | result in— 7 |
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| 183 | 183 | | ‘‘(A) endangering the life or physical safety 8 |
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| 184 | 184 | | of an individual; 9 |
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| 185 | 185 | | ‘‘(B) flight from prosecution; 10 |
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| 186 | 186 | | ‘‘(C) destruction of or tampering with evi-11 |
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| 187 | 187 | | dence; 12 |
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| 188 | 188 | | ‘‘(D) intimidation of potential witnesses; or 13 |
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| 189 | 189 | | ‘‘(E) otherwise seriously jeopardizing an 14 |
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| 190 | 190 | | investigation. 15 |
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| 191 | 191 | | ‘‘(4) E |
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| 192 | 192 | | XTENSION.—Upon a showing that the 16 |
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| 193 | 193 | | circumstances described in subparagraphs (A) 17 |
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| 194 | 194 | | through (E) of paragraph (3) continue to exist, a 18 |
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| 195 | 195 | | district court of the United States may issue an ex 19 |
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| 196 | 196 | | parte order extending a nondisclosure order imposed 20 |
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| 197 | 197 | | under this subsection or under section 21 |
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| 198 | 198 | | 3486(a)(6)(D) for additional periods of 180 days, 22 |
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| 199 | 199 | | or, if the court determines that the circumstances 23 |
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| 200 | 200 | | necessitate a longer period of nondisclosure, for ad-24 |
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| 201 | 201 | | ditional periods which are longer than 180 days. 25 |
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| 203 | 203 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB 8 |
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| 204 | 204 | | •S 1401 IS |
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| 205 | 205 | | ‘‘(b) CLOSEDHEARINGS.—In all proceedings under 1 |
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| 206 | 206 | | this section, subject to any right to an open hearing in 2 |
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| 207 | 207 | | a contempt proceeding, the court must close any hearing 3 |
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| 208 | 208 | | to the extent necessary to prevent an unauthorized disclo-4 |
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| 209 | 209 | | sure of a request for records, a report, or other informa-5 |
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| 210 | 210 | | tion made to any person or entity under section 3486. Pe-6 |
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| 211 | 211 | | titions, filings, records, orders, certifications, and sub-7 |
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| 212 | 212 | | poenas must also be kept under seal to the extent and 8 |
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| 213 | 213 | | as long as necessary to prevent the unauthorized disclo-9 |
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| 214 | 214 | | sure of a subpoena under section 3486.’’. 10 |
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| 215 | 215 | | (b) C |
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| 216 | 216 | | LERICALAMENDMENT.—The table of sections 11 |
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| 217 | 217 | | at the beginning of chapter 223 of title 18, United States 12 |
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| 218 | 218 | | Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 13 |
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| 219 | 219 | | section 3486 the following: 14 |
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| 220 | 220 | | ‘‘3486A. Judicial review of nondisclosure requirements.’’. |
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| 221 | 221 | | Æ |
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| 223 | 223 | | mprince on LAP1J3WLY3PROD with $$_JOB |
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