| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 288 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To support and promote the human rights of Southern Mongolians in the |
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| 6 | 6 | | People’s Republic of China, and for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 8 | 8 | | JANUARY29, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. M |
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| 10 | 10 | | ERKLEY(for himself and Mr. SULLIVAN) introduced the following bill; |
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| 11 | 11 | | which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations |
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| 12 | 12 | | A BILL |
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| 13 | 13 | | To support and promote the human rights of Southern Mon- |
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| 14 | 14 | | golians in the People’s Republic of China, and for other |
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| 15 | 15 | | purposes. |
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| 16 | 16 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 17 | 17 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 18 | 18 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 19 | 19 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Southern Mongolian 4 |
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| 20 | 20 | | Human Rights Policy Act’’. 5 |
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| 21 | 21 | | SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 6 |
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| 22 | 22 | | Congress makes the following findings: 7 |
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| 23 | 23 | | (1) According to the China Statistical Yearbook 8 |
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| 24 | 24 | | for 2021, more than 6,000,000 ethnic Mongolians 9 |
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| 25 | 25 | | live in the People’s Republic of China, of which some 10 |
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| 29 | 29 | | two-thirds live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous 1 |
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| 30 | 30 | | Region, and many others in three prefectures and 2 |
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| 31 | 31 | | eight counties designated as autonomous for Mongo-3 |
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| 32 | 32 | | lians by the Government of the People’s Republic of 4 |
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| 33 | 33 | | China. 5 |
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| 34 | 34 | | (2) Over the centuries, successive central Chi-6 |
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| 35 | 35 | | nese governments have promoted the migration of 7 |
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| 36 | 36 | | Chinese people into the area currently administered 8 |
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| 37 | 37 | | as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and 9 |
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| 38 | 38 | | today only about 18 percent of the population of the 10 |
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| 39 | 39 | | Region is counted as ethnically Mongolian. 11 |
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| 40 | 40 | | (3) In 2020, officials in the Inner Mongolia Au-12 |
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| 41 | 41 | | tonomous Region announced a new policy to effec-13 |
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| 42 | 42 | | tively replace Mongolian as the principal language of 14 |
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| 43 | 43 | | instruction with Chinese, in the subjects of history, 15 |
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| 44 | 44 | | politics, and literature, and shut down Bainu, the 16 |
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| 45 | 45 | | only Mongolian-language-based social media website 17 |
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| 46 | 46 | | based in the country. Beginning in September 2023, 18 |
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| 47 | 47 | | schools across the region largely removed Mongolian- 19 |
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| 48 | 48 | | language instruction from elementary and secondary 20 |
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| 49 | 49 | | schools throughout the region. Reports indicate that 21 |
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| 50 | 50 | | high school and college entrance exams will be con-22 |
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| 51 | 51 | | ducted in Chinese exclusively starting in 2025 and 23 |
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| 52 | 52 | | 2028, respectively. The People’s Republic of China 24 |
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| 53 | 53 | | authorities have banned Mongolian language books 25 |
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| 57 | 57 | | from bookstores and removed signs in the unique, 1 |
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| 58 | 58 | | vertically-written Mongolian script from schools, 2 |
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| 59 | 59 | | buildings, streets, and parks. 3 |
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| 60 | 60 | | (4) The People’s Republic of China officials 4 |
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| 61 | 61 | | launched ‘‘patriotic education’’ campaigns at schools 5 |
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| 62 | 62 | | and universities throughout the Inner Mongolia Au-6 |
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| 63 | 63 | | tonomous Region, designed to suppress manifesta-7 |
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| 64 | 64 | | tions of Mongolian identity in favor of the common 8 |
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| 65 | 65 | | Chinese national identity’’ and encourage ‘‘all ethnic 9 |
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| 66 | 66 | | groups to accept the great mother country, Chinese 10 |
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| 67 | 67 | | nationality, Chinese culture, [and the] Chinese Com-11 |
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| 68 | 68 | | munist Party.’’ In response to the new education 12 |
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| 69 | 69 | | policy, tens of thousands of Southern Mongolians in 13 |
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| 70 | 70 | | the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region launched 14 |
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| 71 | 71 | | protests, in which some 300,000 Southern Mongo-15 |
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| 72 | 72 | | lian students boycotted school and teachers went on 16 |
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| 73 | 73 | | strike, and some individuals reportedly committed 17 |
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| 74 | 74 | | suicide in protest. Security authorities responded 18 |
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| 75 | 75 | | harshly by arresting, beating, detaining, jailing, and 19 |
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| 76 | 76 | | placing under home confinement some estimated 20 |
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| 77 | 77 | | 8,000 to 10,000 Southern Mongolians. 21 |
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| 78 | 78 | | (5) Chinese authorities now fully control all ac-22 |
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| 79 | 79 | | tivities of the Chinggis Khan Mausoleum in the 23 |
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| 80 | 80 | | Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, including the 24 |
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| 81 | 81 | | schedule, scale, and ticketing of ritual ceremonies 25 |
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| 85 | 85 | | and approval and monitoring of gatherings, denying 1 |
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| 86 | 86 | | Southern Mongolians the ability to carry out tradi-2 |
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| 87 | 87 | | tional rituals and observances free of government in-3 |
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| 88 | 88 | | terference and profiteering. This has broken an 4 |
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| 89 | 89 | | eight-century-long memorial tradition at the site, 5 |
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| 90 | 90 | | which has served as an historical and cultural rep-6 |
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| 91 | 91 | | resentation of the Mongolian identity. 7 |
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| 92 | 92 | | (6) The People’s Republic of China policies 8 |
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| 93 | 93 | | have undermined the religious heritage of Southern 9 |
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| 94 | 94 | | Mongolians, many of whom follow Tibetan Bud-10 |
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| 95 | 95 | | dhism, including through the destruction of mon-11 |
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| 96 | 96 | | asteries and temples during the Cultural Revolution, 12 |
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| 97 | 97 | | and interference in the ability to choose their own 13 |
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| 98 | 98 | | religious leaders. Restrictions on travel and freedom 14 |
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| 99 | 99 | | of religion or belief inhibit the ability of Southern 15 |
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| 100 | 100 | | Mongolians to affiliate, engage, and communicate 16 |
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| 101 | 101 | | with Mongol communities around the world, espe-17 |
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| 102 | 102 | | cially those with cultural, linguistic and religious 18 |
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| 103 | 103 | | links to people in the country of Mongolia and the 19 |
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| 104 | 104 | | Buryatia, Kamykia, and Tuvan regions of the Rus-20 |
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| 105 | 105 | | sian Federation, resulting in a diminution of their 21 |
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| 106 | 106 | | common cultural heritage. 22 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (7) The People’s Republic of China policies 23 |
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| 108 | 108 | | have effectively ended the traditional Southern Mon-24 |
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| 109 | 109 | | golian economic livelihood of pastoralism, a key 25 |
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| 112 | 112 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 113 | 113 | | marker of Mongol identity, by forcibly resettling 1 |
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| 114 | 114 | | more than 246,000 nomadic households to urban 2 |
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| 115 | 115 | | and agricultural areas where Mandarin language 3 |
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| 116 | 116 | | and Chinese cultural elements dominate. These poli-4 |
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| 117 | 117 | | cies have cut off Southern Mongolians from their an-5 |
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| 118 | 118 | | cestral lands and increased their economic depend-6 |
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| 119 | 119 | | ence on the state, eroding their social cohesion. This 7 |
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| 120 | 120 | | has led to severe social and psychological impacts, 8 |
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| 121 | 121 | | including mental illness and economic deprivation. 9 |
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| 122 | 122 | | (8) The environment of the Inner Mongolia Au-10 |
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| 123 | 123 | | tonomous Region has degraded under the People’s 11 |
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| 124 | 124 | | Republic of China policies that have removed no-12 |
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| 125 | 125 | | mads, ending traditional stewardship of grazing 13 |
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| 126 | 126 | | lands, and exploited natural resources through min-14 |
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| 127 | 127 | | ing and heavy industry without sufficient stake-15 |
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| 128 | 128 | | holder input from local inhabitants, resulting in air 16 |
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| 129 | 129 | | and water pollution and severe health problems 17 |
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| 130 | 130 | | among local Southern Mongolians. Bayan Obo, the 18 |
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| 131 | 131 | | largest rare earth mine in the world, is the source 19 |
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| 132 | 132 | | of toxic waste, including radioactive thorium that 20 |
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| 133 | 133 | | has been seeping into groundwater. 21 |
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| 134 | 134 | | (9) Southern Mongolian dissidents, activists, 22 |
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| 135 | 135 | | writers, bloggers, lawyers, and their family members 23 |
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| 136 | 136 | | who have attempted to exercise their freedom of ex-24 |
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| 137 | 137 | | pression and defend their legal rights have been de-25 |
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| 140 | 140 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 141 | 141 | | tained, arrested, imprisoned, and placed under home 1 |
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| 142 | 142 | | confinement by the People’s Republic of China au-2 |
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| 143 | 143 | | thorities. Activist Yanjindulam remains under home 3 |
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| 144 | 144 | | confinement after being released from prison, artist 4 |
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| 145 | 145 | | Ashidaa is still under home confinement, lawyer 5 |
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| 146 | 146 | | Huhbulag has been detained multiple times, and dis-6 |
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| 147 | 147 | | sident Almaz has been frequently harassed and de-7 |
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| 148 | 148 | | tained by the authorities. 8 |
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| 149 | 149 | | (10) Authorities detained rights activist Hada, 9 |
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| 150 | 150 | | who promoted self-determination and democracy for 10 |
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| 151 | 151 | | Southern Mongolians, in 1995 and sentenced him to 11 |
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| 152 | 152 | | 15 years in 1996. He was held without legal basis 12 |
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| 153 | 153 | | for an additional four years following the expiration 13 |
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| 154 | 154 | | of his sentence. Hada was subsequently placed under 14 |
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| 155 | 155 | | home confinement until his disappearance in Sep-15 |
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| 156 | 156 | | tember 2020. In 2011, Hada’s wife Xinna, an out-16 |
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| 157 | 157 | | spoken critic of human rights violations in Southern 17 |
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| 158 | 158 | | Mongolia, was arrested before being sentenced to 18 |
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| 159 | 159 | | three years in prison, suspended for five years. Their 19 |
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| 160 | 160 | | son Uiles was sentenced at the age of 17 to two 20 |
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| 161 | 161 | | years in prison on the basis of multiple fabricated 21 |
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| 162 | 162 | | charges. The family’s welfare and whereabouts have 22 |
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| 163 | 163 | | been unknown since September 2020. 23 |
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| 164 | 164 | | (11) Chinese authorities have subjected South-24 |
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| 165 | 165 | | ern Mongolians to transnational repression. Since 25 |
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| 169 | 169 | | 2009, at least five Southern Mongolian dissidents in 1 |
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| 170 | 170 | | exile have been forcibly returned to China, including 2 |
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| 171 | 171 | | from Mongolia. On May 3, 2023, Chinese police offi-3 |
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| 172 | 172 | | cers detained Lhamjab Borjigin, a long-time dis-4 |
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| 173 | 173 | | sident writer and historian, in Ulaanbaatar, Mon-5 |
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| 174 | 174 | | golia, and forcibly returned him to China on the 6 |
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| 175 | 175 | | same day. Lhamjab Borjigin had escaped from home 7 |
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| 176 | 176 | | confinement on March 6, 2023, after he was sen-8 |
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| 177 | 177 | | tenced to one year in prison, suspended for two 9 |
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| 178 | 178 | | years, for writing a book entitled ‘‘China’s Cultural 10 |
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| 179 | 179 | | Revolution’’. 11 |
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| 180 | 180 | | (12) The Congressional-Executive Commission 12 |
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| 181 | 181 | | on China reported that ‘‘[d]uring the Commission’s 13 |
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| 182 | 182 | | 2023 reporting year, Chinese Communist Party and 14 |
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| 183 | 183 | | government authorities implemented policies that 15 |
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| 184 | 184 | | limited the freedom of ethnic minority groups to ex-16 |
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| 185 | 185 | | press their cultural and religious identities in con-17 |
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| 186 | 186 | | travention of the PRC Regional Ethnic Autonomy 18 |
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| 187 | 187 | | Law and international human rights treaties, includ-19 |
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| 188 | 188 | | ing the International Covenant on Civil and Political 20 |
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| 189 | 189 | | Rights’’. 21 |
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| 190 | 190 | | (13) The Government of the People’s Republic 22 |
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| 191 | 191 | | of China’s policies have undermined the ability of 23 |
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| 192 | 192 | | Southern Mongolians to exercise their rights under 24 |
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| 193 | 193 | | international law to safeguard and develop their own 25 |
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| 196 | 196 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 197 | 197 | | language, culture, religion or belief, and economic 1 |
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| 198 | 198 | | livelihoods, as part of a deliberate effort to erase 2 |
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| 199 | 199 | | their distinct Mongolian culture and Sinicize the 3 |
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| 200 | 200 | | Southern Mongolian people. 4 |
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| 201 | 201 | | SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 5 |
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| 202 | 202 | | It is the policy of the United States— 6 |
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| 203 | 203 | | (1) to support and promote human rights of 7 |
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| 204 | 204 | | Southern Mongolians in the People’s Republic of 8 |
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| 205 | 205 | | China, including the fundamental freedoms of ex-9 |
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| 206 | 206 | | pression, peaceful assembly, and religion or belief, 10 |
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| 207 | 207 | | and rights related to arbitrary detention, discrimina-11 |
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| 208 | 208 | | tion, and other abuses; 12 |
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| 209 | 209 | | (2) to support the aspirations of the Southern 13 |
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| 210 | 210 | | Mongolian people to safeguard their cultural and lin-14 |
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| 211 | 211 | | guistic heritage, including the ability to use and pro-15 |
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| 212 | 212 | | mote their own spoken and written language, and 16 |
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| 213 | 213 | | protect their traditional pastoralist way of life that 17 |
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| 214 | 214 | | they have maintained for thousands of years; and 18 |
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| 215 | 215 | | (3) to press the Government of the People’s Re-19 |
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| 216 | 216 | | public of China to allow the Southern Mongolian 20 |
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| 217 | 217 | | people the ability to enjoy autonomy promised them. 21 |
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| 218 | 218 | | SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 22 |
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| 219 | 219 | | It is the sense of Congress that— 23 |
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| 220 | 220 | | (1) the United States supports the liberty and 24 |
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| 221 | 221 | | legitimate aspirations of the Southern Mongolian 25 |
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| 224 | 224 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 225 | 225 | | people to safeguard their cultural and linguistic her-1 |
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| 226 | 226 | | itage and practice their traditional way of life with-2 |
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| 227 | 227 | | out threat of forced assimilation policies of the Gov-3 |
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| 228 | 228 | | ernment of the People’s Republic of China and the 4 |
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| 229 | 229 | | Chinese Communist Party; 5 |
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| 230 | 230 | | (2) the President should— 6 |
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| 231 | 231 | | (A) condemn human rights abuses against 7 |
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| 232 | 232 | | Southern Mongolians by authorities of the Peo-8 |
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| 233 | 233 | | ple’s Republic of China; and 9 |
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| 234 | 234 | | (B) call on such authorities to allow South-10 |
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| 235 | 235 | | ern Mongolians the ability to exercise the au-11 |
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| 236 | 236 | | tonomy guaranteed by the People’s Republic of 12 |
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| 237 | 237 | | China, including to conduct their affairs and re-13 |
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| 238 | 238 | | ceive education in their own spoken and written 14 |
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| 239 | 239 | | language; 15 |
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| 240 | 240 | | (3) the Secretary of State should— 16 |
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| 241 | 241 | | (A) work with United States allies and 17 |
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| 242 | 242 | | partners and through multilateral institutions 18 |
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| 243 | 243 | | to advocate for the human rights of Southern 19 |
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| 244 | 244 | | Mongolians; 20 |
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| 245 | 245 | | (B) urge the United Nations Human 21 |
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| 246 | 246 | | Rights Council to prioritize assessment of the 22 |
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| 247 | 247 | | human rights of Southern Mongolians in its re-23 |
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| 248 | 248 | | views of the People’s Republic of China compli-24 |
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| 249 | 249 | | ance with international human rights law, in-25 |
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| 252 | 252 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 253 | 253 | | cluding through the Universal Periodic Review 1 |
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| 254 | 254 | | process, and to request travel by United Na-2 |
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| 255 | 255 | | tions officials to assess conditions of Southern 3 |
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| 256 | 256 | | Mongolians in the People’s Republic of China; 4 |
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| 257 | 257 | | (C) promote the right of Southern Mongo-5 |
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| 258 | 258 | | lians to protect their spoken and written lan-6 |
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| 259 | 259 | | guage; 7 |
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| 260 | 260 | | (D) promote the freedom of religion or be-8 |
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| 261 | 261 | | lief of Southern Mongolians; 9 |
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| 262 | 262 | | (E) work with the United Nations Edu-10 |
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| 263 | 263 | | cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 11 |
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| 264 | 264 | | (UNESCO) to identify and protect world herit-12 |
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| 265 | 265 | | age sites in areas of traditional Mongolian cul-13 |
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| 266 | 266 | | ture in the People’s Republic of China; and 14 |
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| 267 | 267 | | (F) coordinate closely with the inter-15 |
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| 268 | 268 | | national community on targeted sanctions and 16 |
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| 269 | 269 | | visa restrictions; 17 |
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| 270 | 270 | | (4) the United States companies and individ-18 |
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| 271 | 271 | | uals operating in areas designated as autonomous 19 |
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| 272 | 272 | | for Mongolians in the People’s Republic of China 20 |
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| 273 | 273 | | should take steps to ensure that their commercial 21 |
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| 274 | 274 | | activities do not contribute to human rights viola-22 |
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| 275 | 275 | | tions, undermine the autonomous rights of Southern 23 |
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| 276 | 276 | | Mongolians, or contribute to the environmental deg-24 |
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| 280 | 280 | | radation or resettlement of nomads in those areas; 1 |
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| 281 | 281 | | and 2 |
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| 282 | 282 | | (5) the United States Ambassador to the Peo-3 |
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| 283 | 283 | | ple’s Republic of China should expeditiously seek to 4 |
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| 284 | 284 | | meet with Hada and his family members, as well as 5 |
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| 285 | 285 | | other Southern Mongolian dissidents, activists, writ-6 |
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| 286 | 286 | | ers, and lawyers who are either in prison or under 7 |
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| 287 | 287 | | detention or home confinement. 8 |
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| 288 | 288 | | SEC. 5. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MATTERS. 9 |
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| 289 | 289 | | (a) I |
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| 290 | 290 | | NNERMONGOLIASECTION INUNITEDSTATES 10 |
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| 291 | 291 | | E |
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| 292 | 292 | | MBASSY INBEIJING, CHINA.— 11 |
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| 293 | 293 | | (1) I |
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| 294 | 294 | | N GENERAL.—The Secretary of State 12 |
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| 295 | 295 | | should consider establishing an Inner Mongolian 13 |
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| 296 | 296 | | team within the United States Embassy in Beijing, 14 |
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| 297 | 297 | | China, to follow political, economic, and social devel-15 |
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| 298 | 298 | | opments in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 16 |
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| 299 | 299 | | and other areas designated by the People’s Republic 17 |
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| 300 | 300 | | of China as autonomous for Mongolians, with due 18 |
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| 301 | 301 | | consideration given to hiring Southern Mongolians 19 |
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| 302 | 302 | | as Locally Employed Staff. 20 |
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| 303 | 303 | | (2) R |
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| 304 | 304 | | ESPONSIBILITIES.—Responsibilities of a 21 |
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| 305 | 305 | | team devoted to Inner Mongolia should include re-22 |
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| 306 | 306 | | porting on human rights issues and access to areas 23 |
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| 307 | 307 | | designated as autonomous for Mongolians by United 24 |
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| 308 | 308 | | States Government officials, journalists, nongovern-25 |
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| 312 | 312 | | mental organizations, and the Southern Mongolian 1 |
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| 313 | 313 | | diaspora. 2 |
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| 314 | 314 | | (3) L |
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| 315 | 315 | | ANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS .—The Sec-3 |
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| 316 | 316 | | retary of State should ensure that the Department 4 |
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| 317 | 317 | | of State has sufficient proficiency in Mongolian lan-5 |
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| 318 | 318 | | guage in order to carry out paragraph (1), and that 6 |
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| 319 | 319 | | the United States Embassy in Beijing, China, has 7 |
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| 320 | 320 | | sufficient resources to hire Local Employed Staff 8 |
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| 321 | 321 | | proficient in the Mongolian language, as appro-9 |
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| 322 | 322 | | priate. 10 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (b) R |
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| 324 | 324 | | EPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 11 |
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| 325 | 325 | | of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 12 |
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| 326 | 326 | | submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-13 |
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| 327 | 327 | | ate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 14 |
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| 328 | 328 | | of Representatives a report on the staffing described in 15 |
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| 329 | 329 | | subsection (a). 16 |
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| 330 | 330 | | SEC. 6. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. 17 |
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| 331 | 331 | | (a) H |
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| 332 | 332 | | UMANRIGHTSREPORTS.—The Ambassador at 18 |
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| 333 | 333 | | Large for International Religious Freedom shall, con-19 |
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| 334 | 334 | | sistent with the duties under sections 101(c) and 102(a) 20 |
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| 335 | 335 | | of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 21 |
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| 336 | 336 | | U.S.C. 6411(c), 6412(a)), assist the Secretary of State to 22 |
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| 337 | 337 | | assess the impact of the restrictions on Tibetan Buddhism 23 |
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| 338 | 338 | | by the Government of the People’s Republic of China on 24 |
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| 339 | 339 | | the religious freedom of— 25 |
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| 342 | 342 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 343 | 343 | | (1) practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism in the 1 |
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| 344 | 344 | | People’s Republic of China who are not Tibetan; and 2 |
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| 345 | 345 | | (2) practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism outside 3 |
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| 346 | 346 | | the People’s Republic of China, including their abil-4 |
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| 347 | 347 | | ity to travel to and share information with practi-5 |
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| 348 | 348 | | tioners inside the People’s Republic of China. 6 |
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| 349 | 349 | | (b) A |
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| 350 | 350 | | NNUALREPORT ONINTERNATIONALRELIGIOUS 7 |
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| 351 | 351 | | F |
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| 352 | 352 | | REEDOM.—The Secretary of State, with the assistance 8 |
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| 353 | 353 | | of the Ambassador at Large for International Religious 9 |
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| 354 | 354 | | Freedom, shall ensure that the report required under sec-10 |
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| 355 | 355 | | tions 101(c) and 102(b) of the International Religious 11 |
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| 356 | 356 | | Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6411(c), 6412(b)) as-12 |
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| 357 | 357 | | sesses, as appropriate, the impact of the restrictions on 13 |
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| 358 | 358 | | Tibetan Buddhism by the Government of the People’s Re-14 |
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| 359 | 359 | | public of China on the religious freedom of — 15 |
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| 360 | 360 | | (1) practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism in the 16 |
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| 361 | 361 | | People’s Republic of China who are not Tibetan; and 17 |
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| 362 | 362 | | (2) practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism outside 18 |
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| 363 | 363 | | the People’s Republic of China, including their abil-19 |
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| 364 | 364 | | ity to travel to and share information with practi-20 |
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| 365 | 365 | | tioners inside the People’s Republic of China. 21 |
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| 368 | 368 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 369 | 369 | | SEC. 7. IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR 1 |
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| 370 | 370 | | HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES AGAINST SOUTHERN 2 |
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| 371 | 371 | | MONGOLIANS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 3 |
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| 372 | 372 | | CHINA; IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. 4 |
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| 373 | 373 | | (a) R |
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| 374 | 374 | | EPORTREQUIRED.— 5 |
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| 375 | 375 | | (1) I |
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| 376 | 376 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 6 |
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| 377 | 377 | | after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-7 |
|---|
| 378 | 378 | | nually thereafter, the President shall submit to the 8 |
|---|
| 379 | 379 | | appropriate congressional committees a report that 9 |
|---|
| 380 | 380 | | identifies each foreign person, including any official 10 |
|---|
| 381 | 381 | | of the Government of the People’s Republic of 11 |
|---|
| 382 | 382 | | China, that the President determines is responsible 12 |
|---|
| 383 | 383 | | for any of the following with respect to Southern 13 |
|---|
| 384 | 384 | | Mongolians in the People’s Republic of China: 14 |
|---|
| 385 | 385 | | (A) Torture. 15 |
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| 386 | 386 | | (B) Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treat-16 |
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| 387 | 387 | | ment or punishment. 17 |
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| 388 | 388 | | (C) Prolonged or arbitrary detention with-18 |
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| 389 | 389 | | out charges and trial. 19 |
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| 390 | 390 | | (D) Causing the disappearance of persons 20 |
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| 391 | 391 | | by the abduction and clandestine detention of 21 |
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| 392 | 392 | | those persons. 22 |
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| 393 | 393 | | (E) Other flagrant denial of the right to 23 |
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| 394 | 394 | | life, liberty, or the security of persons. 24 |
|---|
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| 397 | 397 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 398 | 398 | | (F) Other gross violations of internation-1 |
|---|
| 399 | 399 | | ally recognized human rights committed against 2 |
|---|
| 400 | 400 | | Southern Mongolians. 3 |
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| 401 | 401 | | (2) F |
|---|
| 402 | 402 | | ORM.—The report required by paragraph 4 |
|---|
| 403 | 403 | | (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 5 |
|---|
| 404 | 404 | | include a classified annex. 6 |
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| 405 | 405 | | (b) I |
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| 406 | 406 | | MPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The President 7 |
|---|
| 407 | 407 | | should impose sanctions pursuant to one or more of the 8 |
|---|
| 408 | 408 | | following authorities with respect to each foreign person 9 |
|---|
| 409 | 409 | | identified in the report required by subsection (a): 10 |
|---|
| 410 | 410 | | (1) The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Ac-11 |
|---|
| 411 | 411 | | countability Act (22 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.). 12 |
|---|
| 412 | 412 | | (2) Section 7031(c)(1)(A) of the Department of 13 |
|---|
| 413 | 413 | | State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs 14 |
|---|
| 414 | 414 | | Appropriations Act, 2024 (division F of Public Law 15 |
|---|
| 415 | 415 | | 118–47; 8 U.S.C. 1182 note). 16 |
|---|
| 416 | 416 | | (3) Section 212(a)(2)(G) of the Immigration 17 |
|---|
| 417 | 417 | | and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)(G)). 18 |
|---|
| 418 | 418 | | (c) S |
|---|
| 419 | 419 | | UNSET.—This section, and any sanctions im-19 |
|---|
| 420 | 420 | | posed under this section, shall terminate on the date that 20 |
|---|
| 421 | 421 | | is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 21 |
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| 422 | 422 | | (d) D |
|---|
| 423 | 423 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 22 |
|---|
| 424 | 424 | | (1) A |
|---|
| 425 | 425 | | PPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT -23 |
|---|
| 426 | 426 | | TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-24 |
|---|
| 427 | 427 | | mittees’’ means— 25 |
|---|
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| 430 | 430 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 431 | 431 | | (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 1 |
|---|
| 432 | 432 | | and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 2 |
|---|
| 433 | 433 | | Urban Affairs of the Senate; and 3 |
|---|
| 434 | 434 | | (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 4 |
|---|
| 435 | 435 | | the Committee on Financial Services of the 5 |
|---|
| 436 | 436 | | House of Representatives. 6 |
|---|
| 437 | 437 | | (2) F |
|---|
| 438 | 438 | | OREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per-7 |
|---|
| 439 | 439 | | son’’ means an individual or entity that is not a 8 |
|---|
| 440 | 440 | | United States person. 9 |
|---|
| 441 | 441 | | (3) U |
|---|
| 442 | 442 | | NITED STATES PERSON .—The term 10 |
|---|
| 443 | 443 | | ‘‘United States person’’ means— 11 |
|---|
| 444 | 444 | | (A) a United States citizen or an alien law-12 |
|---|
| 445 | 445 | | fully admitted for permanent residence to the 13 |
|---|
| 446 | 446 | | United States; 14 |
|---|
| 447 | 447 | | (B) an entity organized under the laws of 15 |
|---|
| 448 | 448 | | the United States or of any jurisdiction within 16 |
|---|
| 449 | 449 | | the United States, including a foreign branch of 17 |
|---|
| 450 | 450 | | such an entity; or 18 |
|---|
| 451 | 451 | | (C) any person in the United States. 19 |
|---|
| 452 | 452 | | SEC. 8. VOICE OF AMERICA BROADCASTS IN THE MONGO-20 |
|---|
| 453 | 453 | | LIAN LANGUAGE. 21 |
|---|
| 454 | 454 | | (a) E |
|---|
| 455 | 455 | | STABLISHMENT OF SERVICE.—Not later than 22 |
|---|
| 456 | 456 | | 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 23 |
|---|
| 457 | 457 | | Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for 24 |
|---|
| 458 | 458 | | Global Media shall establish, through the Voice of Amer-25 |
|---|
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| 461 | 461 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 462 | 462 | | ica, a service to provide Voice of America Mongolian lan-1 |
|---|
| 463 | 463 | | guage programming to Mongolian language speakers in 2 |
|---|
| 464 | 464 | | Mongolia, the People’s Republic of China, and the Russian 3 |
|---|
| 465 | 465 | | Federation. 4 |
|---|
| 466 | 466 | | (b) R |
|---|
| 467 | 467 | | EPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 5 |
|---|
| 468 | 468 | | of the enactment of this Act, the Chief Executive Officer 6 |
|---|
| 469 | 469 | | of the United States Agency for Global Media shall submit 7 |
|---|
| 470 | 470 | | to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 8 |
|---|
| 471 | 471 | | the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-9 |
|---|
| 472 | 472 | | resentatives a report detailing the implementation of this 10 |
|---|
| 473 | 473 | | section, including a description of programming and 11 |
|---|
| 474 | 474 | | broadcast hours. 12 |
|---|
| 475 | 475 | | (c) A |
|---|
| 476 | 476 | | UTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 13 |
|---|
| 477 | 477 | | authorized to be appropriated to the Voice of America for 14 |
|---|
| 478 | 478 | | purposes of carrying out this section $2,000,000 for each 15 |
|---|
| 479 | 479 | | of fiscal years 2025 and 2026. 16 |
|---|
| 480 | 480 | | SEC. 9. SUPPORT FOR SOUTHERN MONGOLIAN CULTURE. 17 |
|---|
| 481 | 481 | | (a) R |
|---|
| 482 | 482 | | EPRESSEDCULTURESPRESERVATION.— 18 |
|---|
| 483 | 483 | | (1) S |
|---|
| 484 | 484 | | ENSE OF CONGRESS .—It is the sense of 19 |
|---|
| 485 | 485 | | Congress that the Smithsonian Institution should 20 |
|---|
| 486 | 486 | | fund activities to help preserve cultures endangered 21 |
|---|
| 487 | 487 | | by the repressive policies of the People’s Republic of 22 |
|---|
| 488 | 488 | | China, including those of Southern Mongolians, Ti-23 |
|---|
| 489 | 489 | | betans, Uyghurs, and Hong Kongers, through the 24 |
|---|
| 490 | 490 | | World Cultures Center and other programs designed 25 |
|---|
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| 493 | 493 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 494 | 494 | | to promote preservation efforts, as well as research, 1 |
|---|
| 495 | 495 | | exhibitions, and education programming. 2 |
|---|
| 496 | 496 | | (2) R |
|---|
| 497 | 497 | | EPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 3 |
|---|
| 498 | 498 | | the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 4 |
|---|
| 499 | 499 | | of the Smithsonian Institution shall submit to the 5 |
|---|
| 500 | 500 | | Committee on Rules and Administration of the Sen-6 |
|---|
| 501 | 501 | | ate and the Committee on House Administration of 7 |
|---|
| 502 | 502 | | the House of Representatives a report on its plans 8 |
|---|
| 503 | 503 | | to help preserve cultures endangered by the policies 9 |
|---|
| 504 | 504 | | of the People’s Republic of China, including those of 10 |
|---|
| 505 | 505 | | Southern Mongolians, Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Hong 11 |
|---|
| 506 | 506 | | Kongers. 12 |
|---|
| 507 | 507 | | (b) A |
|---|
| 508 | 508 | | SSISTANCE FOR CULTURALORGANIZATIONS, 13 |
|---|
| 509 | 509 | | M |
|---|
| 510 | 510 | | USEUMS, ANDLIBRARIES.— 14 |
|---|
| 511 | 511 | | (1) S |
|---|
| 512 | 512 | | ENSE OF CONGRESS .—It is the sense of 15 |
|---|
| 513 | 513 | | Congress that the Director of the Institute for Mu-16 |
|---|
| 514 | 514 | | seum and Library Sciences should establish a grant 17 |
|---|
| 515 | 515 | | program, or make available grants through an exist-18 |
|---|
| 516 | 516 | | ing program, to support efforts by diaspora commu-19 |
|---|
| 517 | 517 | | nities in the United States to preserve their cultural 20 |
|---|
| 518 | 518 | | heritage that is threatened by the repressive policies 21 |
|---|
| 519 | 519 | | of the People’s Republic of China, including the ef-22 |
|---|
| 520 | 520 | | forts of Southern Mongolians, Tibetans, Uyghurs, 23 |
|---|
| 521 | 521 | | and Hong Kongers. 24 |
|---|
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| 524 | 524 | | •S 288 IS |
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| 525 | 525 | | (2) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 1 |
|---|
| 526 | 526 | | the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director 2 |
|---|
| 527 | 527 | | of the Institute for Museum and Library Sciences 3 |
|---|
| 528 | 528 | | shall submit to the Committee on Health, Edu-4 |
|---|
| 529 | 529 | | cation, Labor and Pensions of the Senate and the 5 |
|---|
| 530 | 530 | | Committee on Education and Workforce of the 6 |
|---|
| 531 | 531 | | House of Representatives a report on the feasibility 7 |
|---|
| 532 | 532 | | of establishing a grant program, or to otherwise 8 |
|---|
| 533 | 533 | | make available grants through an existing program, 9 |
|---|
| 534 | 534 | | to support efforts by diaspora communities in the 10 |
|---|
| 535 | 535 | | United States to preserve their cultural heritage that 11 |
|---|
| 536 | 536 | | is threatened by the repressive policies of the Peo-12 |
|---|
| 537 | 537 | | ple’s Republic of China, including those of Southern 13 |
|---|
| 538 | 538 | | Mongolians, Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Hong Kongers, 14 |
|---|
| 539 | 539 | | including efforts to engage with such diaspora com-15 |
|---|
| 540 | 540 | | munities. 16 |
|---|
| 541 | 541 | | SEC. 10. SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS IN SOUTHERN MON-17 |
|---|
| 542 | 542 | | GOLIA. 18 |
|---|
| 543 | 543 | | (a) D |
|---|
| 544 | 544 | | ECLARATION OFPOLICY.—It is the policy of the 19 |
|---|
| 545 | 545 | | United States to support the right of Southern Mongolians 20 |
|---|
| 546 | 546 | | to make decisions in accordance with principles of auton-21 |
|---|
| 547 | 547 | | omy regarding their economic development, including the 22 |
|---|
| 548 | 548 | | ability to maintain traditional livelihoods, such as pas-23 |
|---|
| 549 | 549 | | toralism, as well as cultural preservation, environmental 24 |
|---|
| 550 | 550 | | sustainability, and resource extraction, in areas designated 25 |
|---|
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| 554 | 554 | | as autonomous for Southern Mongolians in the People’s 1 |
|---|
| 555 | 555 | | Republic of China. 2 |
|---|
| 556 | 556 | | (b) I |
|---|
| 557 | 557 | | NTERNATIONAL FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS.— 3 |
|---|
| 558 | 558 | | The Secretary of the Treasury should instruct the United 4 |
|---|
| 559 | 559 | | States executive director of each international financial in-5 |
|---|
| 560 | 560 | | stitution to use the voice and vote of the United States 6 |
|---|
| 561 | 561 | | to support financing of projects in areas designated as au-7 |
|---|
| 562 | 562 | | tonomous for Southern Mongolians in the People’s Repub-8 |
|---|
| 563 | 563 | | lic of China if such projects do not provide incentives for 9 |
|---|
| 564 | 564 | | the migration and settlement of non-Mongolians into 10 |
|---|
| 565 | 565 | | Southern Mongolian areas or facilitate the transfer of 11 |
|---|
| 566 | 566 | | ownership of Southern Mongolian land and natural re-12 |
|---|
| 567 | 567 | | sources to non-Mongolians, are based on a thorough 13 |
|---|
| 568 | 568 | | needs-assessment, foster self-sufficiency of the Southern 14 |
|---|
| 569 | 569 | | Mongolian people, respect Mongolian culture, traditions, 15 |
|---|
| 570 | 570 | | and traditional livelihoods, and are subject to effective 16 |
|---|
| 571 | 571 | | monitoring. 17 |
|---|
| 572 | 572 | | Æ |
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