| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 428 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To promote space situational awareness and space traffic coordination and |
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| 6 | 6 | | to modify the functions and leadership of the Office of Space Commerce, |
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| 7 | 7 | | and for other purposes. |
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| 8 | 8 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 9 | 9 | | FEBRUARY5, 2025 |
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| 10 | 10 | | Mr. C |
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| 11 | 11 | | ORNYN(for himself, Mr. PETERS, Mr. WICKER, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. |
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| 12 | 12 | | H |
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| 13 | 13 | | ICKENLOOPER, Mr. KELLY, Mr. SCHMITT, and Mr. LUJA´N) introduced |
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| 14 | 14 | | the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee |
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| 15 | 15 | | on Commerce, Science, and Transportation |
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| 16 | 16 | | A BILL |
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| 17 | 17 | | To promote space situational awareness and space traffic |
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| 18 | 18 | | coordination and to modify the functions and leadership |
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| 19 | 19 | | of the Office of Space Commerce, and for other purposes. |
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| 20 | 20 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 21 | 21 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 22 | 22 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 23 | 23 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Situational Awareness 4 |
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| 24 | 24 | | of Flying Elements in Orbit Act’’ or the ‘‘SAFE Orbit 5 |
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| 25 | 25 | | Act’’. 6 |
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| 28 | 28 | | •S 428 IS |
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| 29 | 29 | | SEC. 2. SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AND SPACE TRAF-1 |
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| 30 | 30 | | FIC COORDINATION. 2 |
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| 31 | 31 | | (a) I |
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| 32 | 32 | | NGENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall 3 |
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| 33 | 33 | | facilitate safe operations in space and encourage the devel-4 |
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| 34 | 34 | | opment of commercial space capabilities by acquiring and 5 |
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| 35 | 35 | | disseminating unclassified data, analytics, information, 6 |
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| 36 | 36 | | and services on space activities. 7 |
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| 37 | 37 | | (b) I |
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| 38 | 38 | | MMUNITY.—The United States, any agencies and 8 |
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| 39 | 39 | | instrumentalities thereof, and any individuals, firms, cor-9 |
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| 40 | 40 | | porations, and other persons acting for the United States 10 |
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| 41 | 41 | | Government, including nongovernmental entities, shall be 11 |
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| 42 | 42 | | immune from any suit in any court for any cause of action 12 |
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| 43 | 43 | | arising from the provision or receipt of space situational 13 |
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| 44 | 44 | | awareness services or information, whether or not pro-14 |
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| 45 | 45 | | vided in accordance with this section, or any related action 15 |
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| 46 | 46 | | or omission. 16 |
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| 47 | 47 | | (c) A |
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| 48 | 48 | | CQUISITION OFDATA.—The Assistant Secretary 17 |
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| 49 | 49 | | of Commerce for Space Commerce (established under sec-18 |
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| 50 | 50 | | tion 50702(b) of title 51, United States Code, as amended 19 |
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| 51 | 51 | | by section 3) is authorized to acquire— 20 |
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| 52 | 52 | | (1) data, analytics, information, and services, 21 |
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| 53 | 53 | | including with respect to— 22 |
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| 54 | 54 | | (A) location tracking data; 23 |
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| 55 | 55 | | (B) positional and orbit determination in-24 |
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| 56 | 56 | | formation; and 25 |
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| 57 | 57 | | (C) conjunction data messages; and 26 |
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| 60 | 60 | | •S 428 IS |
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| 61 | 61 | | (2) such other data, analytics, information, and 1 |
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| 62 | 62 | | services as the Secretary of Commerce determines 2 |
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| 63 | 63 | | necessary to avoid collisions of space objects. 3 |
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| 64 | 64 | | (d) D |
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| 65 | 65 | | ATABASE ONSATELLITELOCATION ANDBE-4 |
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| 66 | 66 | | HAVIOR.—The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Space 5 |
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| 67 | 67 | | Commerce shall provide access for the public, at no 6 |
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| 68 | 68 | | charge, a fully updated, unclassified database of informa-7 |
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| 69 | 69 | | tion concerning space objects and behavior that includes— 8 |
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| 70 | 70 | | (1) the data and information acquired under 9 |
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| 71 | 71 | | subsection (c), except to the extent that such data 10 |
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| 72 | 72 | | or information is classified or a trade secret (as de-11 |
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| 73 | 73 | | fined in section 1839 of title 18, United States 12 |
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| 74 | 74 | | Code); and 13 |
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| 75 | 75 | | (2) the provision of basic space situational 14 |
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| 76 | 76 | | awareness services and space traffic coordination 15 |
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| 77 | 77 | | based on the data referred to in paragraph (1), in-16 |
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| 78 | 78 | | cluding basic analytics, tracking calculations, and 17 |
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| 79 | 79 | | conjunction data messages. 18 |
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| 80 | 80 | | (e) B |
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| 81 | 81 | | ASICSPACESITUATIONALAWARENESSSERV-19 |
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| 82 | 82 | | ICES.—The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Space 20 |
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| 83 | 83 | | Commerce— 21 |
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| 84 | 84 | | (1) shall provide to satellite operators, at no 22 |
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| 85 | 85 | | charge, basic space situational awareness services, 23 |
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| 86 | 86 | | including the data, analytics, information, and serv-24 |
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| 87 | 87 | | ices described in subsection (c); 25 |
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| 90 | 90 | | •S 428 IS |
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| 91 | 91 | | (2) in carrying out paragraph (1), may not 1 |
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| 92 | 92 | | compete with private sector space situational aware-2 |
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| 93 | 93 | | ness products, to the maximum extent practicable; 3 |
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| 94 | 94 | | and 4 |
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| 95 | 95 | | (3) not less frequently than every 3 years, shall 5 |
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| 96 | 96 | | review the basic space situational awareness services 6 |
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| 97 | 97 | | described in paragraph (1) to ensure that such serv-7 |
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| 98 | 98 | | ices provided by the Federal Government do not 8 |
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| 99 | 99 | | compete with space situational awareness services of-9 |
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| 100 | 100 | | fered by the private sector. 10 |
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| 101 | 101 | | (f) R |
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| 102 | 102 | | EQUIREMENTS FOR DATAACQUISITION AND 11 |
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| 103 | 103 | | D |
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| 104 | 104 | | ISSEMINATION.—In acquiring data, analytics, informa-12 |
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| 105 | 105 | | tion, and services under subsection (c) and disseminating 13 |
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| 106 | 106 | | data, analytics, information, and services under sub-14 |
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| 107 | 107 | | sections (d) and (e), the Assistant Secretary of Commerce 15 |
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| 108 | 108 | | for Space Commerce shall— 16 |
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| 109 | 109 | | (1) leverage commercial capabilities to the max-17 |
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| 110 | 110 | | imum extent practicable; 18 |
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| 111 | 111 | | (2) prioritize the acquisition of data, analytics, 19 |
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| 112 | 112 | | information, and services from commercial industry 20 |
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| 113 | 113 | | located in or licensed in the United States to supple-21 |
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| 114 | 114 | | ment data collected by United States Government 22 |
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| 115 | 115 | | agencies, including the Department of Defense and 23 |
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| 116 | 116 | | the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 24 |
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| 120 | 120 | | (3) appropriately protect proprietary data, in-1 |
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| 121 | 121 | | formation, and systems of firms located in the 2 |
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| 122 | 122 | | United States, including by using appropriate infra-3 |
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| 123 | 123 | | structure and cybersecurity measures, including 4 |
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| 124 | 124 | | measures set forth in the most recent version of the 5 |
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| 125 | 125 | | Cybersecurity Framework, or successor document, 6 |
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| 126 | 126 | | maintained by the National Institute of Standards 7 |
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| 127 | 127 | | and Technology; 8 |
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| 128 | 128 | | (4) facilitate the development of standardization 9 |
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| 129 | 129 | | and consistency in data reporting, in collaboration 10 |
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| 130 | 130 | | with satellite owners and operators, commercial 11 |
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| 131 | 131 | | space situational awareness data and service pro-12 |
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| 132 | 132 | | viders, the academic community, nonprofit organiza-13 |
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| 133 | 133 | | tions, and the Director of the National Institute of 14 |
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| 134 | 134 | | Standards and Technology; and 15 |
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| 135 | 135 | | (5) encourage foreign governments to partici-16 |
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| 136 | 136 | | pate in unclassified data sharing arrangements for 17 |
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| 137 | 137 | | space situational awareness and space traffic coordi-18 |
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| 138 | 138 | | nation. 19 |
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| 139 | 139 | | (g) O |
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| 140 | 140 | | THERTRANSACTIONAUTHORITY.—In carrying 20 |
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| 141 | 141 | | out the activities required by this section, the Secretary 21 |
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| 142 | 142 | | of Commerce shall enter into such contracts, leases, coop-22 |
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| 143 | 143 | | erative agreements, or other transactions as may be nec-23 |
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| 144 | 144 | | essary. 24 |
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| 147 | 147 | | •S 428 IS |
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| 148 | 148 | | (h) SPACEOBJECTDEFINED.—In this section, the 1 |
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| 149 | 149 | | term ‘‘space object’’ means any object launched into space, 2 |
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| 150 | 150 | | or created in space, robotically or by humans, including 3 |
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| 151 | 151 | | an object’s component parts. 4 |
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| 152 | 152 | | SEC. 3. OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCE. 5 |
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| 153 | 153 | | (a) D |
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| 154 | 154 | | EFINITIONS.— 6 |
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| 155 | 155 | | (1) I |
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| 156 | 156 | | N GENERAL.—Section 50701 of title 51, 7 |
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| 157 | 157 | | United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 8 |
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| 158 | 158 | | ‘‘§ 50701. Definitions 9 |
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| 159 | 159 | | ‘‘In this chapter: 10 |
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| 160 | 160 | | ‘‘(1) A |
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| 161 | 161 | | SSISTANT SECRETARY .—The term ‘As-11 |
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| 162 | 162 | | sistant Secretary’ means the Assistant Secretary of 12 |
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| 163 | 163 | | Commerce for Space Commerce. 13 |
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| 164 | 164 | | ‘‘(2) B |
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| 165 | 165 | | UREAU.—The term ‘Bureau’ means the 14 |
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| 166 | 166 | | Bureau of Space Commerce established under sec-15 |
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| 167 | 167 | | tion 50702. 16 |
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| 168 | 168 | | ‘‘(3) O |
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| 169 | 169 | | RBITAL DEBRIS.—The term ‘orbital de-17 |
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| 170 | 170 | | bris’— 18 |
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| 171 | 171 | | ‘‘(A) means— 19 |
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| 172 | 172 | | ‘‘(i) any human-made space object or-20 |
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| 173 | 173 | | biting Earth that— 21 |
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| 174 | 174 | | ‘‘(I) no longer serves an intended 22 |
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| 175 | 175 | | purpose; 23 |
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| 176 | 176 | | ‘‘(II) has reached the end of its 24 |
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| 177 | 177 | | mission; or 25 |
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| 181 | 181 | | ‘‘(III) is incapable of safe maneu-1 |
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| 182 | 182 | | ver or operation; and 2 |
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| 183 | 183 | | ‘‘(ii) a rocket body and other hard-3 |
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| 184 | 184 | | ware left in orbit as a result of normal 4 |
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| 185 | 185 | | launch and operational activities; and 5 |
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| 186 | 186 | | ‘‘(B) includes fragmentation debris pro-6 |
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| 187 | 187 | | duced by failure or collision of human-made 7 |
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| 188 | 188 | | space objects. 8 |
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| 189 | 189 | | ‘‘(4) S |
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| 190 | 190 | | ECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means 9 |
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| 191 | 191 | | the Secretary of Commerce. 10 |
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| 192 | 192 | | ‘‘(5) S |
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| 193 | 193 | | PACE OBJECT.—The term ‘space object’ 11 |
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| 194 | 194 | | means any object launched into space or created in 12 |
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| 195 | 195 | | space robotically or by humans, including the compo-13 |
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| 196 | 196 | | nent parts of such an object. 14 |
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| 197 | 197 | | ‘‘(6) S |
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| 198 | 198 | | PACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS .—The 15 |
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| 199 | 199 | | term ‘space situational awareness’ means— 16 |
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| 200 | 200 | | ‘‘(A) the identification, characterization, 17 |
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| 201 | 201 | | tracking, and the predicted movement and be-18 |
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| 202 | 202 | | havior of space objects and orbital debris; and 19 |
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| 203 | 203 | | ‘‘(B) the understanding of the space oper-20 |
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| 204 | 204 | | ational environment. 21 |
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| 205 | 205 | | ‘‘(7) S |
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| 206 | 206 | | PACE TRAFFIC COORDINATION .—The 22 |
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| 207 | 207 | | term ‘space traffic coordination’ means the planning, 23 |
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| 208 | 208 | | assessment, and coordination of activities to enhance 24 |
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| 212 | 212 | | the safety, stability, and sustainability of operations 1 |
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| 213 | 213 | | in the space environment.’’. 2 |
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| 214 | 214 | | (2) C |
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| 215 | 215 | | LERICAL AMENDMENT .—The table of sec-3 |
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| 216 | 216 | | tions for chapter 507 of title 51, United States 4 |
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| 217 | 217 | | Code, is amended by striking the item relating to 5 |
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| 218 | 218 | | section 50701 and inserting the following: 6 |
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| 219 | 219 | | ‘‘50701. Definitions.’’. |
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| 220 | 220 | | (b) TRANSITION OF OFFICE TOBUREAU.—Sub-7 |
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| 221 | 221 | | section (a) of section 50702 of title 51, United States 8 |
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| 222 | 222 | | Code, is amended by inserting before the period at the 9 |
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| 223 | 223 | | end the following: ‘‘, which, not later than 5 years after 10 |
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| 224 | 224 | | the date of the enactment of this Act, shall be elevated 11 |
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| 225 | 225 | | by the Secretary of Commerce from an office within the 12 |
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| 226 | 226 | | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to a 13 |
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| 227 | 227 | | bureau reporting directly to the Office of the Secretary 14 |
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| 228 | 228 | | of Commerce’’. 15 |
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| 229 | 229 | | (c) A |
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| 230 | 230 | | DDITIONALFUNCTIONS OF BUREAU.—Sub-16 |
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| 231 | 231 | | section (c) of such section is amended— 17 |
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| 232 | 232 | | (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 18 |
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| 233 | 233 | | inserting a semicolon; 19 |
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| 234 | 234 | | (2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at 20 |
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| 235 | 235 | | the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 21 |
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| 236 | 236 | | (3) by adding at the end the following: 22 |
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| 237 | 237 | | ‘‘(6) to perform space situational awareness and 23 |
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| 238 | 238 | | space traffic management duties pursuant to the 24 |
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| 239 | 239 | | SAFE Orbit Act.’’. 25 |
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| 242 | 242 | | •S 428 IS |
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| 243 | 243 | | (d) ASSISTANTSECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR 1 |
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| 244 | 244 | | S |
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| 245 | 245 | | PACECOMMERCE.— 2 |
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| 246 | 246 | | (1) I |
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| 247 | 247 | | N GENERAL.—Subsection (b) of such sec-3 |
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| 248 | 248 | | tion is amended to read as follows: 4 |
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| 249 | 249 | | ‘‘(b) A |
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| 250 | 250 | | SSISTANTSECRETARY.—The Bureau shall be 5 |
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| 251 | 251 | | headed by the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Space 6 |
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| 252 | 252 | | Commerce, who shall— 7 |
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| 253 | 253 | | ‘‘(1) be appointed by the President, by and with 8 |
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| 254 | 254 | | the advice and consent of the Senate; 9 |
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| 255 | 255 | | ‘‘(2) report directly to the Secretary of Com-10 |
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| 256 | 256 | | merce; and 11 |
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| 257 | 257 | | ‘‘(3) have a rate of pay that is equal to the rate 12 |
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| 258 | 258 | | payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule under 13 |
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| 259 | 259 | | section 5315 of title 5.’’. 14 |
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| 260 | 260 | | (2) C |
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| 261 | 261 | | ONFORMING AMENDMENTS .— 15 |
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| 262 | 262 | | (A) Section 50702(d) of title 51, United 16 |
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| 263 | 263 | | States Code, is amended— 17 |
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| 264 | 264 | | (i) in the subsection heading, by strik-18 |
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| 265 | 265 | | ing ‘‘D |
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| 266 | 266 | | IRECTOR’’ and inserting ‘‘ASSIST-19 |
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| 267 | 267 | | ANTSECRETARY’’; and 20 |
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| 268 | 268 | | (ii) in the matter preceding paragraph 21 |
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| 269 | 269 | | (1), by striking ‘‘Director’’ and inserting 22 |
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| 270 | 270 | | ‘‘Assistant Secretary’’. 23 |
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| 271 | 271 | | (B) Section 5315 of title 5, United States 24 |
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| 272 | 272 | | Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Assistant Secre-25 |
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| 275 | 275 | | •S 428 IS |
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| 276 | 276 | | taries of Commerce (11)’’ and inserting ‘‘As-1 |
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| 277 | 277 | | sistant Secretaries of Commerce (12)’’. 2 |
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| 278 | 278 | | (3) R |
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| 279 | 279 | | EFERENCES.—On and after the date of 3 |
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| 280 | 280 | | the enactment of this Act, any reference in any law 4 |
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| 281 | 281 | | or regulation to the Director of the Office of Space 5 |
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| 282 | 282 | | Commerce shall be deemed to be a reference to the 6 |
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| 283 | 283 | | Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Space Com-7 |
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| 284 | 284 | | merce. 8 |
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| 285 | 285 | | (e) T |
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| 286 | 286 | | RANSITIONREPORT.— 9 |
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| 287 | 287 | | (1) I |
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| 288 | 288 | | N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 10 |
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| 289 | 289 | | the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 11 |
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| 290 | 290 | | of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate com-12 |
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| 291 | 291 | | mittees of Congress a report that sets forth transi-13 |
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| 292 | 292 | | tion and continuity of operations plans for the func-14 |
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| 293 | 293 | | tional and administrative transfer of the Office of 15 |
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| 294 | 294 | | Space Commerce from the National Oceanic and At-16 |
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| 295 | 295 | | mospheric Administration to a bureau reporting to 17 |
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| 296 | 296 | | the Office of the Secretary of Commerce. 18 |
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| 297 | 297 | | (2) G |
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| 298 | 298 | | OAL.—The goal of transition and con-19 |
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| 299 | 299 | | tinuity of operations planning shall be to minimize 20 |
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| 300 | 300 | | the cost and administrative burden of establishing 21 |
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| 301 | 301 | | the Bureau of Space Commerce while maximizing 22 |
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| 302 | 302 | | the efficiency and effectiveness of the functions and 23 |
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| 303 | 303 | | responsibilities of the Bureau of Space Commerce, in 24 |
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| 307 | 307 | | accordance with this section and the amendments 1 |
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| 308 | 308 | | made by this section. 2 |
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| 309 | 309 | | (3) A |
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| 310 | 310 | | PPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS 3 |
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| 311 | 311 | | DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appro-4 |
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| 312 | 312 | | priate committees of Congress’’ means— 5 |
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| 313 | 313 | | (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 6 |
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| 314 | 314 | | and Transportation and the Committee on Ap-7 |
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| 315 | 315 | | propriations of the Senate; and 8 |
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| 316 | 316 | | (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 9 |
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| 317 | 317 | | Technology and the Committee on Appropria-10 |
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| 318 | 318 | | tions of the House of Representatives. 11 |
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| 319 | 319 | | Æ |
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