| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 560 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To amend title 18, United States Code, to reauthorize and expand the |
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| 6 | 6 | | National Threat Assessment Center of the Department of Homeland Security. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 8 | 8 | | FEBRUARY13, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. G |
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| 10 | 10 | | RASSLEY(for himself, Ms. CORTEZMASTO, Mr. SCOTTof Florida, Mr. |
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| 11 | 11 | | K |
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| 12 | 12 | | ING, Ms. COLLINS, Ms. HASSAN, and Mr. RICKETTS) introduced the fol- |
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| 13 | 13 | | lowing bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the |
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| 14 | 14 | | Judiciary |
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| 15 | 15 | | A BILL |
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| 16 | 16 | | To amend title 18, United States Code, to reauthorize and |
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| 17 | 17 | | expand the National Threat Assessment Center of the |
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| 18 | 18 | | Department of Homeland Security. |
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| 19 | 19 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 20 | 20 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 21 | 21 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 22 | 22 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘EAGLES Act of 4 |
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| 23 | 23 | | 2025’’. 5 |
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| 24 | 24 | | SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS. 6 |
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| 25 | 25 | | (a) F |
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| 26 | 26 | | INDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 7 |
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| 27 | 27 | | (1) On February 14, 2018, 17 individuals were 8 |
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| 28 | 28 | | murdered in a senseless and violent attack on Mar-9 |
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| 30 | 30 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 2 |
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| 31 | 31 | | •S 560 IS |
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| 32 | 32 | | jory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland 1 |
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| 33 | 33 | | Florida, a school whose mascot is the eagle. 2 |
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| 34 | 34 | | (2) These individuals—Alaina Petty, Alex 3 |
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| 35 | 35 | | Schachter, Alyssa Alhadeff, Cara Loughran, Carmen 4 |
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| 36 | 36 | | Schentrup, Gina Montalto, Helena Ramsay, Jaime 5 |
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| 37 | 37 | | Guttenberg, Joaquin Oliver, Luke Hoyer, Martin 6 |
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| 38 | 38 | | Duque, Meadow Pollack, Nicholas Dworet, Peter 7 |
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| 39 | 39 | | Wang, Aaron Feis, Chris Hixon, and Scott Beigel— 8 |
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| 40 | 40 | | lived lives of warmth, joy, determination, service, 9 |
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| 41 | 41 | | and love, and their loss is mourned by the Nation. 10 |
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| 42 | 42 | | (3) Like many attackers, the shooter in that at-11 |
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| 43 | 43 | | tack exhibited patterns of threatening and con-12 |
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| 44 | 44 | | cerning behavior prior to the massacre that were 13 |
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| 45 | 45 | | alarming and that should have alerted law enforce-14 |
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| 46 | 46 | | ment and other Federal, State, and local officials 15 |
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| 47 | 47 | | about the potential for violence. 16 |
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| 48 | 48 | | (4) Acts of targeted violence, including the at-17 |
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| 49 | 49 | | tack on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, 18 |
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| 50 | 50 | | are preventable. 19 |
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| 51 | 51 | | (5) Lives were saved because of the brave and 20 |
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| 52 | 52 | | exemplary conduct of many students, teachers, and 21 |
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| 53 | 53 | | staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, in-22 |
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| 54 | 54 | | cluding several of the victims of the attack. 23 |
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| 55 | 55 | | (6) The National Threat Assessment Center of 24 |
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| 56 | 56 | | the United States Secret Service (referred to in this 25 |
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| 59 | 59 | | •S 560 IS |
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| 60 | 60 | | Act as the ‘‘Center’’) was established in 1998 to 1 |
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| 61 | 61 | | conduct research on all forms of targeted violence, 2 |
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| 62 | 62 | | including attacks targeting government officials, gov-3 |
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| 63 | 63 | | ernment facilities, workplaces, houses of worship, K– 4 |
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| 64 | 64 | | 12 schools, universities, and mass attacks in public 5 |
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| 65 | 65 | | spaces. 6 |
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| 66 | 66 | | (7) Research published by the Center on tar-7 |
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| 67 | 67 | | geted violence has shown that— 8 |
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| 68 | 68 | | (A) most incidents were planned in ad-9 |
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| 69 | 69 | | vance; 10 |
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| 70 | 70 | | (B) the attackers’ behavior gave some indi-11 |
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| 71 | 71 | | cation that the individual was planning, or at 12 |
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| 72 | 72 | | least contemplating, an attack; 13 |
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| 73 | 73 | | (C) most attackers had already exhibited a 14 |
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| 74 | 74 | | pattern of behavior that elicited concern by 15 |
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| 75 | 75 | | other people in their lives; and 16 |
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| 76 | 76 | | (D) prior to the attack, someone associated 17 |
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| 77 | 77 | | with the attacker, such as a family member or 18 |
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| 78 | 78 | | peer, often knew the attack was to likely to 19 |
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| 79 | 79 | | occur. 20 |
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| 80 | 80 | | (8) Through their research, the Center devel-21 |
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| 81 | 81 | | oped the behavioral threat assessment model of the 22 |
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| 82 | 82 | | United States Secret Service for preventing targeted 23 |
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| 83 | 83 | | violence, which includes a 3-step process— 24 |
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| 86 | 86 | | •S 560 IS |
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| 87 | 87 | | (A) identifying individuals who are exhib-1 |
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| 88 | 88 | | iting threatening or concerning behaviors that 2 |
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| 89 | 89 | | indicate they may pose a risk of violence; 3 |
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| 90 | 90 | | (B) assessing whether the individual poses 4 |
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| 91 | 91 | | a risk, based on articulable facts; and 5 |
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| 92 | 92 | | (C) risk posed by the individualized 6 |
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| 93 | 93 | | proactive and preventive measures. 7 |
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| 94 | 94 | | (9) The behavioral threat assessment model 8 |
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| 95 | 95 | | works of the United States Secret Service most ef-9 |
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| 96 | 96 | | fectively when all the relevant parties, including local 10 |
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| 97 | 97 | | law enforcement, mental health professionals, work-11 |
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| 98 | 98 | | place managers, school personnel, and members of 12 |
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| 99 | 99 | | the community, are part of a comprehensive protocol 13 |
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| 100 | 100 | | to identify, assess, and manage a potential threat. 14 |
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| 101 | 101 | | (10) The primary goal of behavioral threat as-15 |
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| 102 | 102 | | sessment programs is to prevent targeted violence, 16 |
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| 103 | 103 | | with an emphasis on providing early intervention 17 |
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| 104 | 104 | | and connecting individuals exhibiting threatening or 18 |
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| 105 | 105 | | concerning behavior to existing community resources 19 |
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| 106 | 106 | | for support. 20 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (11) Early intervention is a proven and effective 21 |
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| 108 | 108 | | way to prevent violent conduct that would otherwise 22 |
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| 109 | 109 | | harm others and necessitate more punitive action, 23 |
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| 110 | 110 | | including criminal penalties. 24 |
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| 114 | 114 | | (12) The parties involved need the appropriate 1 |
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| 115 | 115 | | research, guidance, training, and tools to establish 2 |
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| 116 | 116 | | the appropriate mechanisms for implementing this 3 |
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| 117 | 117 | | type of preventative approach. 4 |
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| 118 | 118 | | (13) In K–12 schools, a behavioral threat as-5 |
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| 119 | 119 | | sessment is a proactive approach to identify, assess, 6 |
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| 120 | 120 | | and provide age-appropriate interventions, resources, 7 |
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| 121 | 121 | | and supports for students who display behavior that 8 |
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| 122 | 122 | | elicits concerns for the safety of themselves or oth-9 |
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| 123 | 123 | | ers. 10 |
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| 124 | 124 | | (14) There has been a 79 percent decline in ju-11 |
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| 125 | 125 | | venile arrests in K–12 school communities that have 12 |
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| 126 | 126 | | received training from the Center, thus successfully 13 |
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| 127 | 127 | | diverting youth away from the criminal justice sys-14 |
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| 128 | 128 | | tem. 15 |
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| 129 | 129 | | (15) The demand from local communities 16 |
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| 130 | 130 | | throughout the United States for behavioral threat 17 |
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| 131 | 131 | | assessment trainings has significantly increased. 18 |
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| 132 | 132 | | Since its inception, the Center has provided over 19 |
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| 133 | 133 | | 2,575 training sessions to over 273,000 attendees. 20 |
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| 134 | 134 | | (16) From fiscal year 2018 to fiscal year 2022, 21 |
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| 135 | 135 | | the Center has experienced a 117 percent increase in 22 |
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| 136 | 136 | | demand for training sessions, with 5 times as many 23 |
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| 137 | 137 | | participants. 24 |
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| 141 | 141 | | (17) The Center additionally provides consulta-1 |
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| 142 | 142 | | tion and follow-up engagements with government 2 |
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| 143 | 143 | | agencies, law enforcement, schools, and other organi-3 |
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| 144 | 144 | | zations with public safety responsibilities. From fis-4 |
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| 145 | 145 | | cal year 2018 to fiscal year 2022 the Center has 5 |
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| 146 | 146 | | seen a 553 percent increase in consultation activi-6 |
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| 147 | 147 | | ties. 7 |
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| 148 | 148 | | (b) S |
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| 149 | 149 | | ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-8 |
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| 150 | 150 | | gress that a fact-based behavioral threat assessment ap-9 |
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| 151 | 151 | | proach, involving local law enforcement, mental health 10 |
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| 152 | 152 | | professionals, workplace managers, school personnel, other 11 |
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| 153 | 153 | | public safety officials, and members of the community, is 12 |
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| 154 | 154 | | one of the most effective ways to prevent targeted violence 13 |
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| 155 | 155 | | impacting communities across the country, and is a fitting 14 |
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| 156 | 156 | | memorial to those whose lives were taken in the February 15 |
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| 157 | 157 | | 14, 2018, attack on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High 16 |
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| 158 | 158 | | School and those who heroically acted to preserve the lives 17 |
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| 159 | 159 | | of their friends, students, and colleagues. 18 |
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| 160 | 160 | | SEC. 3. REAUTHORIZATION AND EXPANSION OF THE NA-19 |
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| 161 | 161 | | TIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER OF 20 |
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| 162 | 162 | | THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY. 21 |
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| 163 | 163 | | (a) I |
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| 164 | 164 | | NGENERAL.—Chapter 203 of title 18, United 22 |
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| 165 | 165 | | States Code, is amended by inserting after section 3056A 23 |
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| 166 | 166 | | the following: 24 |
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| 170 | 170 | | ‘‘§ 3056B. Functions of the National Threat Assess-1 |
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| 171 | 171 | | ment Center of the United States Secret 2 |
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| 172 | 172 | | Service 3 |
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| 173 | 173 | | ‘‘(a) I |
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| 174 | 174 | | NGENERAL.—There is established a National 4 |
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| 175 | 175 | | Threat Assessment Center (in this section referred to as 5 |
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| 176 | 176 | | the ‘Center’), to be operated by the United States Secret 6 |
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| 177 | 177 | | Service, at the direction of the Secretary of Homeland Se-7 |
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| 178 | 178 | | curity. 8 |
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| 179 | 179 | | ‘‘(b) F |
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| 180 | 180 | | UNCTIONS.—The functions of the Center shall 9 |
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| 181 | 181 | | include the following: 10 |
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| 182 | 182 | | ‘‘(1) Training and education in the area of best 11 |
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| 183 | 183 | | practices on threat assessment and the prevention of 12 |
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| 184 | 184 | | targeted violence. 13 |
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| 185 | 185 | | ‘‘(2) Consultation on complex threat assessment 14 |
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| 186 | 186 | | cases and programs. 15 |
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| 187 | 187 | | ‘‘(3) Research on threat assessment and the 16 |
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| 188 | 188 | | prevention of targeted violence, consistent with evi-17 |
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| 189 | 189 | | dence-based standards and existing laws and regula-18 |
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| 190 | 190 | | tions. 19 |
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| 191 | 191 | | ‘‘(4) Facilitation of information sharing on 20 |
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| 192 | 192 | | threat assessment and the prevention of targeted vi-21 |
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| 193 | 193 | | olence among agencies and organizations with pro-22 |
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| 194 | 194 | | tective or public safety responsibilities, as well as 23 |
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| 195 | 195 | | other public or private entities. 24 |
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| 196 | 196 | | ‘‘(5) Development of evidence-based programs 25 |
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| 197 | 197 | | to promote the standardization of Federal, State, 26 |
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| 200 | 200 | | •S 560 IS |
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| 201 | 201 | | and local threat assessments and best practices for 1 |
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| 202 | 202 | | the prevention of targeted violence. 2 |
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| 203 | 203 | | ‘‘(c) S |
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| 204 | 204 | | AFESCHOOLINITIATIVE.—In carrying out the 3 |
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| 205 | 205 | | functions described in subsection (b), the Center shall es-4 |
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| 206 | 206 | | tablish a national program on targeted school violence pre-5 |
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| 207 | 207 | | vention, focusing on the following activities: 6 |
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| 208 | 208 | | ‘‘(1) R |
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| 209 | 209 | | ESEARCH.—The Center shall— 7 |
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| 210 | 210 | | ‘‘(A) conduct research into targeted school 8 |
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| 211 | 211 | | violence and evidence-based practices in tar-9 |
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| 212 | 212 | | geted school violence prevention, including 10 |
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| 213 | 213 | | school threat assessment; and 11 |
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| 214 | 214 | | ‘‘(B) publish the findings of the Center on 12 |
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| 215 | 215 | | the public website of the United States Secret 13 |
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| 216 | 216 | | Service and on the School Safety Clearinghouse 14 |
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| 217 | 217 | | website, known as www.SchoolSafety.gov. 15 |
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| 218 | 218 | | ‘‘(2) T |
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| 219 | 219 | | RAINING.— 16 |
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| 220 | 220 | | ‘‘(A) I |
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| 221 | 221 | | N GENERAL.—The Center shall de-17 |
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| 222 | 222 | | velop and offer training courses on targeted 18 |
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| 223 | 223 | | school violence prevention to agencies with pro-19 |
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| 224 | 224 | | tective or public safety responsibilities and 20 |
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| 225 | 225 | | other public or private entities, including local 21 |
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| 226 | 226 | | educational agencies. 22 |
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| 227 | 227 | | ‘‘(B) P |
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| 228 | 228 | | LAN.—Not later than 1 year after 23 |
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| 229 | 229 | | the date of enactment of this section, the Cen-24 |
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| 230 | 230 | | ter shall establish a plan to offer its training 25 |
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| 234 | 234 | | and other educational resources to public or pri-1 |
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| 235 | 235 | | vate entities within each State. 2 |
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| 236 | 236 | | ‘‘(3) C |
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| 237 | 237 | | OORDINATION WITH OTHER FEDERAL 3 |
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| 238 | 238 | | AGENCIES.—The Center shall develop research and 4 |
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| 239 | 239 | | training programs under this section in coordination 5 |
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| 240 | 240 | | with the Department of Justice, the Department of 6 |
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| 241 | 241 | | Education, and the Department of Health and 7 |
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| 242 | 242 | | Human Services. 8 |
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| 243 | 243 | | ‘‘(4) C |
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| 244 | 244 | | ONSULTATION WITH ENTITIES OUTSIDE 9 |
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| 245 | 245 | | THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT .—The Center is au-10 |
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| 246 | 246 | | thorized to consult with State and local educational, 11 |
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| 247 | 247 | | law enforcement, and mental health officials and pri-12 |
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| 248 | 248 | | vate entities in the development of research and 13 |
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| 249 | 249 | | training programs under this section. 14 |
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| 250 | 250 | | ‘‘(5) I |
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| 251 | 251 | | NTERACTIVE WEBSITE .—The Center may 15 |
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| 252 | 252 | | create an interactive website to disseminate informa-16 |
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| 253 | 253 | | tion and data on evidence-based practices in tar-17 |
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| 254 | 254 | | geted school violence prevention. 18 |
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| 255 | 255 | | ‘‘(d) H |
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| 256 | 256 | | IRING OFADDITIONALPERSONNEL.—The Di-19 |
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| 257 | 257 | | rector of the United States Secret Service may hire addi-20 |
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| 258 | 258 | | tional personnel to comply with the requirements of this 21 |
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| 259 | 259 | | section, which, if the Director exercises such authority, 22 |
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| 260 | 260 | | shall include— 23 |
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| 261 | 261 | | ‘‘(1) at least 1 employee with expertise in child 24 |
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| 262 | 262 | | psychological development; and 25 |
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| 266 | 266 | | ‘‘(2) at least 1 employee with expertise in school 1 |
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| 267 | 267 | | threat assessment. 2 |
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| 268 | 268 | | ‘‘(e) R |
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| 269 | 269 | | EPORT TOCONGRESS.—Not later than two 3 |
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| 270 | 270 | | years after the date of enactment of this section, the Di-4 |
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| 271 | 271 | | rector of the United States Secret Service shall submit to 5 |
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| 272 | 272 | | the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on 6 |
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| 273 | 273 | | Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and the Com-7 |
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| 274 | 274 | | mittee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee 8 |
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| 275 | 275 | | on the Judiciary, the Committee on Education and Work-9 |
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| 276 | 276 | | force, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House 10 |
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| 277 | 277 | | of Representatives a report on actions taken by the United 11 |
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| 278 | 278 | | States Secret Service to implement provisions of this sec-12 |
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| 279 | 279 | | tion, which shall include information relating to the fol-13 |
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| 280 | 280 | | lowing: 14 |
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| 281 | 281 | | ‘‘(1) The number of employees hired (on a full- 15 |
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| 282 | 282 | | time equivalent basis). 16 |
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| 283 | 283 | | ‘‘(2) The number of individuals in each State 17 |
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| 284 | 284 | | trained in threat assessment. 18 |
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| 285 | 285 | | ‘‘(3) The number of school districts in each 19 |
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| 286 | 286 | | State trained in school threat assessment or targeted 20 |
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| 287 | 287 | | school violence prevention. 21 |
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| 288 | 288 | | ‘‘(4) Information on Federal, State, and local 22 |
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| 289 | 289 | | agencies trained or otherwise assisted by the Center. 23 |
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| 293 | 293 | | ‘‘(5) A formal evaluation indicating whether the 1 |
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| 294 | 294 | | training and other assistance provided by the Center 2 |
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| 295 | 295 | | is effective. 3 |
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| 296 | 296 | | ‘‘(6) A formal evaluation indicating whether the 4 |
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| 297 | 297 | | training and other assistance provided by the Center 5 |
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| 298 | 298 | | was implemented by the school. 6 |
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| 299 | 299 | | ‘‘(7) A summary of the Center’s research activi-7 |
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| 300 | 300 | | ties and findings. 8 |
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| 301 | 301 | | ‘‘(8) A strategic plan for disseminating the 9 |
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| 302 | 302 | | Center’s educational and training resources to each 10 |
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| 303 | 303 | | State. 11 |
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| 304 | 304 | | ‘‘(f) A |
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| 305 | 305 | | UTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 12 |
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| 306 | 306 | | is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 13 |
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| 307 | 307 | | $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030. 14 |
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| 308 | 308 | | ‘‘(g) N |
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| 309 | 309 | | OFUNDSTOPROVIDEFIREARMSTRAIN-15 |
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| 310 | 310 | | ING.—Amounts made available to carry out this section 16 |
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| 311 | 311 | | may not be used to train any person in the use of a fire-17 |
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| 312 | 312 | | arm. 18 |
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| 313 | 313 | | ‘‘(h) N |
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| 314 | 314 | | OEFFECT ONOTHERLAWS.—Nothing in this 19 |
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| 315 | 315 | | section may be construed to preclude or contradict any 20 |
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| 316 | 316 | | other provision of law authorizing training in the use of 21 |
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| 317 | 317 | | firearms. 22 |
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| 318 | 318 | | ‘‘(i) T |
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| 319 | 319 | | ERMINATION.—This section shall terminate on 23 |
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| 320 | 320 | | September 30, 2030. 24 |
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| 321 | 321 | | ‘‘(j) D |
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| 322 | 322 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 25 |
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| 325 | 325 | | •S 560 IS |
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| 326 | 326 | | ‘‘(1) EVIDENCE-BASED.—The term ‘evidence- 1 |
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| 327 | 327 | | based’ means— 2 |
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| 328 | 328 | | ‘‘(A) strong evidence from at least one 3 |
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| 329 | 329 | | well-designed and well-implemented experi-4 |
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| 330 | 330 | | mental study; 5 |
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| 331 | 331 | | ‘‘(B) moderate evidence from at least one 6 |
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| 332 | 332 | | well-designed and well-implemented quasi-exper-7 |
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| 333 | 333 | | imental study; or 8 |
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| 334 | 334 | | ‘‘(C) promising evidence from at least one 9 |
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| 335 | 335 | | well-designed and well-implemented correla-10 |
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| 336 | 336 | | tional study with statistical controls for selec-11 |
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| 337 | 337 | | tion bias. 12 |
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| 338 | 338 | | ‘‘(2) L |
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| 339 | 339 | | OCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY .—The term 13 |
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| 340 | 340 | | ‘local educational agency’ has the meaning given 14 |
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| 341 | 341 | | such term under section 8101 of the Elementary 15 |
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| 342 | 342 | | and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 16 |
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| 343 | 343 | | 7801). 17 |
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| 344 | 344 | | ‘‘(3) S |
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| 345 | 345 | | TATE.—The term ‘State’ means any 18 |
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| 346 | 346 | | State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 19 |
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| 347 | 347 | | the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Is-20 |
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| 348 | 348 | | lands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Common-21 |
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| 349 | 349 | | wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.’’. 22 |
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| 350 | 350 | | (b) T |
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| 351 | 351 | | ECHNICAL, CONFORMING, ANDCLERICAL 23 |
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| 352 | 352 | | A |
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| 353 | 353 | | MENDMENTS.— 24 |
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| 355 | 355 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 13 |
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| 356 | 356 | | •S 560 IS |
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| 357 | 357 | | (1) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMEND -1 |
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| 358 | 358 | | MENT.—Section 4 of the Presidential Threat Protec-2 |
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| 359 | 359 | | tion Act of 2000 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note) is repealed. 3 |
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| 360 | 360 | | (2) C |
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| 361 | 361 | | LERICAL AMENDMENT .—The table of sec-4 |
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| 362 | 362 | | tions for chapter 203 of title 18, United States 5 |
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| 363 | 363 | | Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating 6 |
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| 364 | 364 | | to section 3056A the following new item: 7 |
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| 365 | 365 | | ‘‘3056B. Functions of the National Threat Assessment Center of the United |
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| 366 | 366 | | States Secret Service.’’. |
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| 367 | 367 | | Æ |
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