| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 578 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To pilot the use of image technician positions in the U.S. Customs and |
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| 6 | 6 | | Border Protection Office of Field Operations. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 8 | 8 | | FEBRUARY13, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mr. L |
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| 10 | 10 | | ANKFORD(for himself, Mr. KELLY, and Mr. CORNYN) introduced the |
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| 11 | 11 | | following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on |
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| 12 | 12 | | Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs |
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| 13 | 13 | | A BILL |
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| 14 | 14 | | To pilot the use of image technician positions in the U.S. |
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| 15 | 15 | | Customs and Border Protection Office of Field Operations. |
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| 16 | 16 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 17 | 17 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 18 | 18 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES. 3 |
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| 19 | 19 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Border Enforcement, 4 |
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| 20 | 20 | | Security, and Trade Facilitation Act of 2025’’ or the 5 |
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| 21 | 21 | | ‘‘BEST Facilitation Act’’. 6 |
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| 24 | 24 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 25 | 25 | | SEC. 2. OFFICE OF FIELD OPERATIONS IMAGE TECHNICIAN 1 |
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| 26 | 26 | | PILOT PROGRAM. 2 |
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| 27 | 27 | | (a) I |
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| 28 | 28 | | NGENERAL.—Section 411(g) of the Homeland 3 |
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| 29 | 29 | | Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 211(g)) is amended by 4 |
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| 30 | 30 | | adding at the end the following: 5 |
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| 31 | 31 | | ‘‘(6) I |
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| 32 | 32 | | MAGE TECHNICIAN PILOT PROGRAM .— 6 |
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| 33 | 33 | | ‘‘(A) I |
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| 34 | 34 | | MAGE TECHNICIAN 1.— 7 |
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| 35 | 35 | | ‘‘(i) I |
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| 36 | 36 | | N GENERAL.—There shall be in 8 |
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| 37 | 37 | | the Office of Field Operations, Image 9 |
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| 38 | 38 | | Technician 1 positions, which shall be 10 |
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| 39 | 39 | | filled in accordance with the provisions 11 |
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| 40 | 40 | | under chapter 33 (relating to appointments 12 |
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| 41 | 41 | | in the competitive service) and chapters 51 13 |
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| 42 | 42 | | and 53 (relating to classification and rates 14 |
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| 43 | 43 | | of pay) of title 5, United States Code. 15 |
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| 44 | 44 | | ‘‘(ii) C |
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| 45 | 45 | | ONDITIONS.—Image Technician 16 |
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| 46 | 46 | | 1 positions— 17 |
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| 47 | 47 | | ‘‘(I) may be filled by existing 18 |
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| 48 | 48 | | U.S. Customs and Border Protection 19 |
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| 49 | 49 | | employees; 20 |
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| 50 | 50 | | ‘‘(II) are not law enforcement of-21 |
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| 51 | 51 | | ficer positions; 22 |
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| 52 | 52 | | ‘‘(III) may not be filled by inde-23 |
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| 53 | 53 | | pendent contractors; and 24 |
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| 55 | 55 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 3 |
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| 56 | 56 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 57 | 57 | | ‘‘(IV) shall be assigned to a re-1 |
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| 58 | 58 | | gional command center established 2 |
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| 59 | 59 | | under subparagraph (F). 3 |
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| 60 | 60 | | ‘‘(iii) D |
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| 61 | 61 | | UTIES.—The duties of an 4 |
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| 62 | 62 | | Image Technician 1 shall include— 5 |
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| 63 | 63 | | ‘‘(I) reviewing non-intrusive in-6 |
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| 64 | 64 | | spection images of conveyances and 7 |
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| 65 | 65 | | containers entering or exiting the 8 |
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| 66 | 66 | | United States through a land, sea, or 9 |
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| 67 | 67 | | air port of entry or international rail 10 |
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| 68 | 68 | | crossing; 11 |
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| 69 | 69 | | ‘‘(II) assessing whether images of 12 |
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| 70 | 70 | | conveyances and containers appear to 13 |
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| 71 | 71 | | contain anomalies indicating the po-14 |
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| 72 | 72 | | tential presence of contraband, per-15 |
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| 73 | 73 | | sons unlawfully seeking to enter or 16 |
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| 74 | 74 | | exit the United States, or illicitly con-17 |
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| 75 | 75 | | cealed merchandise, including illicit 18 |
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| 76 | 76 | | drugs and terrorist weapons; 19 |
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| 77 | 77 | | ‘‘(III) recommending entry re-20 |
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| 78 | 78 | | lease or exit release for any convey-21 |
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| 79 | 79 | | ances and containers whenever the im-22 |
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| 80 | 80 | | ages of such items do not include no-23 |
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| 81 | 81 | | ticeable anomalies indicating the po-24 |
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| 82 | 82 | | tential presence of contraband, per-25 |
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| 84 | 84 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 4 |
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| 85 | 85 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 86 | 86 | | sons seeking to unlawfully enter or 1 |
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| 87 | 87 | | exit the United States, or illicitly con-2 |
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| 88 | 88 | | cealed merchandise, including illicit 3 |
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| 89 | 89 | | drugs or terrorist weapons, to the 4 |
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| 90 | 90 | | U.S. Customs and Border Protection 5 |
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| 91 | 91 | | Officer responsible for inspecting such 6 |
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| 92 | 92 | | conveyance or container; and 7 |
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| 93 | 93 | | ‘‘(IV) recommending further in-8 |
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| 94 | 94 | | spection of any conveyances and con-9 |
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| 95 | 95 | | tainers whenever the Image Techni-10 |
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| 96 | 96 | | cian reasonably believes that an image 11 |
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| 97 | 97 | | of any such item contains anomalies 12 |
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| 98 | 98 | | indicating the potential presence of 13 |
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| 99 | 99 | | contraband, persons seeking to unlaw-14 |
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| 100 | 100 | | fully enter or exit the United States, 15 |
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| 101 | 101 | | or illicitly concealed merchandise, 16 |
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| 102 | 102 | | such as illicit drugs or terrorist weap-17 |
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| 103 | 103 | | ons, to the U.S. Customs and Border 18 |
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| 104 | 104 | | Protection officer who is responsible 19 |
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| 105 | 105 | | for inspecting such conveyance or con-20 |
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| 106 | 106 | | tainer. 21 |
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| 107 | 107 | | ‘‘(B) I |
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| 108 | 108 | | MAGE TECHNICIAN 2.— 22 |
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| 109 | 109 | | ‘‘(i) I |
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| 110 | 110 | | N GENERAL.—There shall be in 23 |
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| 111 | 111 | | the Office of Field Operations, Image 24 |
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| 112 | 112 | | Technician 2 positions, which shall be 25 |
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| 114 | 114 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 5 |
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| 115 | 115 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 116 | 116 | | filled in accordance with the provisions 1 |
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| 117 | 117 | | under chapter 33 (relating to appointments 2 |
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| 118 | 118 | | in the competitive service) and chapters 51 3 |
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| 119 | 119 | | and 53 (relating to classification and rates 4 |
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| 120 | 120 | | of pay) of title 5, United States Code. 5 |
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| 121 | 121 | | ‘‘(ii) C |
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| 122 | 122 | | ONDITIONS.—Image Technician 6 |
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| 123 | 123 | | 2 positions— 7 |
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| 124 | 124 | | ‘‘(I) may be filled by existing 8 |
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| 125 | 125 | | U.S. Customs and Border Protection 9 |
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| 126 | 126 | | employees; 10 |
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| 127 | 127 | | ‘‘(II) are not law enforcement of-11 |
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| 128 | 128 | | ficer positions; 12 |
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| 129 | 129 | | ‘‘(III) may not be filled by inde-13 |
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| 130 | 130 | | pendent contractors; and 14 |
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| 131 | 131 | | ‘‘(IV) shall be assigned to a re-15 |
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| 132 | 132 | | gional command center established 16 |
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| 133 | 133 | | under subparagraph (F). 17 |
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| 134 | 134 | | ‘‘(iii) D |
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| 135 | 135 | | UTIES.—The duties of an 18 |
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| 136 | 136 | | Image Technician 2 shall include— 19 |
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| 137 | 137 | | ‘‘(I) carrying out all of the duties 20 |
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| 138 | 138 | | described in subclauses (I) through 21 |
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| 139 | 139 | | (IV) of subparagraph (A)(ii); 22 |
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| 140 | 140 | | ‘‘(II) receiving intelligence from 23 |
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| 141 | 141 | | the National Targeting Center regard-24 |
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| 142 | 142 | | ing tactics, techniques, and proce-25 |
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| 144 | 144 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 6 |
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| 145 | 145 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 146 | 146 | | dures being used at ports of entry and 1 |
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| 147 | 147 | | in the border environment by malign 2 |
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| 148 | 148 | | actors to facilitate the unlawful entry 3 |
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| 149 | 149 | | or exit of contraband, persons, or illic-4 |
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| 150 | 150 | | itly concealed merchandise, such as il-5 |
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| 151 | 151 | | licit drugs or terrorist weapons; and 6 |
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| 152 | 152 | | ‘‘(III) reporting new information 7 |
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| 153 | 153 | | to the National Targeting Center re-8 |
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| 154 | 154 | | garding tactics, techniques, and proce-9 |
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| 155 | 155 | | dures being used at ports of entry and 10 |
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| 156 | 156 | | in the border environment by malign 11 |
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| 157 | 157 | | actors to facilitate the unlawful entry 12 |
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| 158 | 158 | | or exit of contraband, persons, or con-13 |
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| 159 | 159 | | cealed merchandise, such as illicit 14 |
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| 160 | 160 | | drugs or terrorist weapons. 15 |
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| 161 | 161 | | ‘‘(C) S |
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| 162 | 162 | | UPERVISORY U.S. CUSTOMS AND 16 |
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| 163 | 163 | | BORDER PROTECTION OFFICERS .— 17 |
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| 164 | 164 | | ‘‘(i) S |
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| 165 | 165 | | UPERVISION.—All image techni-18 |
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| 166 | 166 | | cians shall be supervised by a Supervisory 19 |
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| 167 | 167 | | U.S. Customs and Border Protection Offi-20 |
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| 168 | 168 | | cer. 21 |
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| 169 | 169 | | ‘‘(ii) D |
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| 170 | 170 | | ISCRETION AND DECISION-MAK-22 |
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| 171 | 171 | | ING AUTHORITY.—The appropriate Super-23 |
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| 172 | 172 | | visory U.S. Customs and Border Protec-24 |
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| 173 | 173 | | tion Officer, while working with image 25 |
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| 175 | 175 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 7 |
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| 176 | 176 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 177 | 177 | | technicians, shall retain the discretion and 1 |
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| 178 | 178 | | final decision-making authority— 2 |
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| 179 | 179 | | ‘‘(I) to release conveyances or 3 |
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| 180 | 180 | | cargo for entry; or 4 |
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| 181 | 181 | | ‘‘(II) to refer such conveyance or 5 |
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| 182 | 182 | | cargo for further inspection. 6 |
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| 183 | 183 | | ‘‘(iii) T |
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| 184 | 184 | | RAINING.—A Supervisory U.S. 7 |
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| 185 | 185 | | Customs and Border Protection Officer 8 |
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| 186 | 186 | | who supervises image technicians shall re-9 |
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| 187 | 187 | | ceive additional training in accordance with 10 |
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| 188 | 188 | | subparagraph (D). 11 |
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| 189 | 189 | | ‘‘(D) T |
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| 190 | 190 | | RAINING REQUIREMENTS .—All 12 |
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| 191 | 191 | | image technicians shall receive annual training 13 |
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| 192 | 192 | | and additional ad hoc training, to the extent 14 |
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| 193 | 193 | | necessary based on current trends, regarding— 15 |
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| 194 | 194 | | ‘‘(i) respecting privacy, civil rights, 16 |
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| 195 | 195 | | and civil liberties, including the protections 17 |
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| 196 | 196 | | against unreasonable searches and seizures 18 |
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| 197 | 197 | | afforded by the First and Fourth Amend-19 |
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| 198 | 198 | | ments to the Constitution of the United 20 |
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| 199 | 199 | | States, as applicable and as interpreted by 21 |
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| 200 | 200 | | the Federal courts; 22 |
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| 201 | 201 | | ‘‘(ii) analyzing images generated by 23 |
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| 202 | 202 | | non-intrusive inspection technologies or 24 |
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| 205 | 205 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 206 | 206 | | any successor technologies deployed by 1 |
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| 207 | 207 | | U.S. Customs and Border Protection; 2 |
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| 208 | 208 | | ‘‘(iii) identifying commodities and 3 |
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| 209 | 209 | | merchandise in images generated by non- 4 |
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| 210 | 210 | | intrusive inspection technologies or any 5 |
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| 211 | 211 | | successor technologies deployed by U.S. 6 |
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| 212 | 212 | | Customs and Border Protection; 7 |
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| 213 | 213 | | ‘‘(iv) identifying contraband, persons 8 |
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| 214 | 214 | | who are seeking to unlawfully enter or exit 9 |
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| 215 | 215 | | the United States, or illicitly concealed 10 |
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| 216 | 216 | | merchandise, such as illicit drugs or ter-11 |
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| 217 | 217 | | rorist weapons, in images generated by 12 |
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| 218 | 218 | | non-intrusive technologies or any successor 13 |
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| 219 | 219 | | technologies deployed by U.S. Customs and 14 |
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| 220 | 220 | | Border Protection; 15 |
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| 221 | 221 | | ‘‘(v) tactics, techniques, and proce-16 |
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| 222 | 222 | | dures being used at ports of entry and in 17 |
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| 223 | 223 | | the border environment by malign actors to 18 |
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| 224 | 224 | | facilitate the unlawful entry or exit of con-19 |
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| 225 | 225 | | traband, persons, or illicitly concealed mer-20 |
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| 226 | 226 | | chandise, such as illicit drugs or terrorist 21 |
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| 227 | 227 | | weapons; and 22 |
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| 228 | 228 | | ‘‘(vi) any other training that the Com-23 |
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| 229 | 229 | | missioner of U.S. Customs and Border 24 |
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| 230 | 230 | | Protection determines to be relevant to the 25 |
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| 233 | 233 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 234 | 234 | | duties described in subparagraphs (A)(iii) 1 |
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| 235 | 235 | | or (B)(iii). 2 |
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| 236 | 236 | | ‘‘(E) A |
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| 237 | 237 | | NNUAL ASSESSMENT .—All image 3 |
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| 238 | 238 | | technicians shall receive annual testing with re-4 |
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| 239 | 239 | | spect to their— 5 |
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| 240 | 240 | | ‘‘(i) accuracy in image analysis; 6 |
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| 241 | 241 | | ‘‘(ii) timeliness in image analysis; and 7 |
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| 242 | 242 | | ‘‘(iii) ability to ascertain tactics, tech-8 |
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| 243 | 243 | | niques, and procedures being used at ports 9 |
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| 244 | 244 | | of entry and in the border environment by 10 |
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| 245 | 245 | | malign actors to facilitate the unlawful 11 |
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| 246 | 246 | | entry or exit of contraband, persons, or il-12 |
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| 247 | 247 | | licitly concealed merchandise, such as illicit 13 |
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| 248 | 248 | | drugs or terrorist weapons. 14 |
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| 249 | 249 | | ‘‘(F) C |
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| 250 | 250 | | OMMAND CENTERS .—As part of the 15 |
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| 251 | 251 | | pilot program established under this paragraph, 16 |
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| 252 | 252 | | the Executive Assistant Commissioner of the 17 |
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| 253 | 253 | | Office of Field Operations shall establish 5 re-18 |
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| 254 | 254 | | gional command centers at land, rail, air, and 19 |
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| 255 | 255 | | sea ports in which image technicians shall re-20 |
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| 256 | 256 | | view non-intrusive inspection images. 21 |
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| 257 | 257 | | ‘‘(G) R |
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| 258 | 258 | | ULE OF CONSTRUCTION .—Nothing 22 |
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| 259 | 259 | | in this paragraph may be construed to affect 23 |
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| 260 | 260 | | the discretion and final decision-making author-24 |
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| 261 | 261 | | ity given to U.S. Customs and Border Protec-25 |
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| 263 | 263 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 10 |
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| 264 | 264 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 265 | 265 | | tion Officers to release conveyances or cargo for 1 |
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| 266 | 266 | | entry or exit or to refer such conveyances or 2 |
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| 267 | 267 | | cargo for further inspection.’’. 3 |
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| 268 | 268 | | (b) E |
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| 269 | 269 | | FFECTIVEDATE.— 4 |
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| 270 | 270 | | (1) S |
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| 271 | 271 | | UNSET.—The amendment made by sub-5 |
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| 272 | 272 | | section (a) shall cease to have effect on the date that 6 |
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| 273 | 273 | | is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this 7 |
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| 274 | 274 | | Act. 8 |
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| 275 | 275 | | (2) T |
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| 276 | 276 | | RANSFERS AUTHORIZED .—Upon the ter-9 |
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| 277 | 277 | | mination of the pilot program established by section 10 |
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| 278 | 278 | | 411(g)(6) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as 11 |
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| 279 | 279 | | added by subsection (a), individuals occupying 12 |
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| 280 | 280 | | Image Technician 1 or Image Technician 2 positions 13 |
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| 281 | 281 | | in the Office of Field Operations may transfer to 14 |
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| 282 | 282 | | comparable positions within U.S. Customs and Bor-15 |
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| 283 | 283 | | der Protection or the Department of Homeland Se-16 |
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| 284 | 284 | | curity. 17 |
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| 285 | 285 | | SEC. 3. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 18 |
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| 286 | 286 | | (a) S |
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| 287 | 287 | | EMIANNUALREPORTS.—Not later than 180 19 |
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| 288 | 288 | | days after the hiring of the first positions described in sec-20 |
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| 289 | 289 | | tion 411(g)(6) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as 21 |
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| 290 | 290 | | added by section 2, and every 180 days thereafter, the 22 |
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| 291 | 291 | | Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, in 23 |
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| 292 | 292 | | consultation with the Executive Assistant Commissioner 24 |
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| 293 | 293 | | of the Office of Field Operations, shall submit a report 25 |
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| 296 | 296 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 297 | 297 | | to the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern-1 |
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| 298 | 298 | | mental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Home-2 |
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| 299 | 299 | | land Security of the House of Representatives that identi-3 |
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| 300 | 300 | | fies— 4 |
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| 301 | 301 | | (1) the number of Image Technician 1 and 5 |
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| 302 | 302 | | Image Technician 2 positions filled during the re-6 |
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| 303 | 303 | | porting period; 7 |
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| 304 | 304 | | (2) the number of Image Technician 1 and 8 |
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| 305 | 305 | | Image Technician 2 positions currently employed by 9 |
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| 306 | 306 | | the Office of Field Operations, disaggregated by— 10 |
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| 307 | 307 | | (A) port of entry or field office; 11 |
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| 308 | 308 | | (B) image technician position; and 12 |
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| 309 | 309 | | (C) command center, as applicable; 13 |
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| 310 | 310 | | (3) the daily average number of images scanned 14 |
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| 311 | 311 | | by each Image Technician 1 and each Image Techni-15 |
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| 312 | 312 | | cian 2; 16 |
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| 313 | 313 | | (4) training methodologies utilized to train 17 |
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| 314 | 314 | | image technicians; 18 |
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| 315 | 315 | | (5) assessment passage rates of image techni-19 |
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| 316 | 316 | | cians; 20 |
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| 317 | 317 | | (6) the impact of image technicians on interdic-21 |
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| 318 | 318 | | tion rates at ports of entry and international rail 22 |
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| 319 | 319 | | crossings at which image technicians are stationed 23 |
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| 320 | 320 | | or from which image technicians review images, in-24 |
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| 321 | 321 | | cluding— 25 |
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| 324 | 324 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 325 | 325 | | (A) throughput increases or decreases at 1 |
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| 326 | 326 | | such ports of entry and international rail cross-2 |
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| 327 | 327 | | ings; 3 |
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| 328 | 328 | | (B) increases or decreases in waiting times 4 |
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| 329 | 329 | | at such ports of entry and international rail 5 |
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| 330 | 330 | | crossings; 6 |
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| 331 | 331 | | (C) average wait times at such ports of 7 |
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| 332 | 332 | | entry and international rail crossings; and 8 |
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| 333 | 333 | | (D) increases or decreases of seizures of 9 |
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| 334 | 334 | | contraband, persons seeking to unlawfully enter 10 |
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| 335 | 335 | | or exit the United States, or illicitly concealed 11 |
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| 336 | 336 | | merchandise, such as illicit drugs or terrorist 12 |
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| 337 | 337 | | weapons, broken down by type of seizure and 13 |
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| 338 | 338 | | port of entry or international rail crossing; 14 |
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| 339 | 339 | | (7) the impact of image technicians on U.S. 15 |
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| 340 | 340 | | Customs and Border Protection’s capability to re-16 |
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| 341 | 341 | | view non-intrusive inspection images of conveyances 17 |
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| 342 | 342 | | and containers entering or exiting the United States 18 |
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| 343 | 343 | | through a land, sea, or air port of entry or inter-19 |
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| 344 | 344 | | national rail crossing; 20 |
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| 345 | 345 | | (8) an assessment of the effectiveness with 21 |
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| 346 | 346 | | which image technicians carry out the duties de-22 |
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| 347 | 347 | | scribed in subparagraphs (A)(iii) and (B)(iii) of sec-23 |
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| 348 | 348 | | tion 411(g)(6) of the Homeland Security Act of 24 |
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| 349 | 349 | | 2002, as added by section 2(a), compared to any 25 |
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| 350 | 350 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:43 Mar 08, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S578.IS S578 |
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| 351 | 351 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 13 |
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| 352 | 352 | | •S 578 IS |
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| 353 | 353 | | U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers who 1 |
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| 354 | 354 | | are assigned such duties; 2 |
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| 355 | 355 | | (9) the progress made in establishing command 3 |
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| 356 | 356 | | centers under the pilot program established by such 4 |
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| 357 | 357 | | section; 5 |
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| 358 | 358 | | (10) any infrastructure or resource needs re-6 |
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| 359 | 359 | | quired to establish such command centers; and 7 |
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| 360 | 360 | | (11) the ports of entry and international rail 8 |
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| 361 | 361 | | crossing, as applicable, that are supported by such 9 |
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| 362 | 362 | | a command center. 10 |
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| 363 | 363 | | (b) B |
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| 364 | 364 | | IANNUALBRIEFINGS.—The Executive Assistant 11 |
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| 365 | 365 | | Commissioner of the Office of Field Operations shall pro-12 |
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| 366 | 366 | | vide biannual briefings to the Committee on Homeland Se-13 |
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| 367 | 367 | | curity and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 14 |
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| 368 | 368 | | Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Rep-15 |
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| 369 | 369 | | resentatives regarding the information described in the 16 |
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| 370 | 370 | | latest report submitted pursuant to subsection (a). 17 |
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| 371 | 371 | | Æ |
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| 372 | 372 | | VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:43 Mar 08, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\S578.IS S578 |
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| 373 | 373 | | ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS |
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