Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB63 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

Old	New	Differences
1	1	II
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION S. 63
5	5	To amend the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimi-
6	6	nation Act of 1991 to impose sanctions on foreign countries in response
7	7	to acts concerning chemical or biological programs that cause injury
8	8	to other foreign countries, and for other purposes.
9	9	IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
10	10	JANUARY9, 2025
11	11	Mr. B
12	12	ANKS(for himself, Mr. COTTON, and Mr. MORENO) introduced the fol-
13	13	lowing bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on For-
14	14	eign Relations
15	15	A BILL
16	16	To amend the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control
17	17	and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 to impose sanc-
18	18	tions on foreign countries in response to acts concerning
19	19	chemical or biological programs that cause injury to
20	20	other foreign countries, and for other purposes.
21	21	Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
22	22	tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
23	23	SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
24	24	This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Countering Beijing’s 4
25	25	Weaponization of Fentanyl Act’’ or the ‘‘CBW Fentanyl 5
26	26	Act’’. 6
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30	30	SEC. 2. PURPOSES. 1
31	31	Section 302 of the Chemical and Biological Weapons 2
32	32	Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (22 U.S.C. 3
33	33	5601) is amended— 4
34	34	(1) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and 5
35	35	(4) as paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively; 6
36	36	(2) by striking ‘‘that use chemical’’ and insert-7
37	37	ing the following: ‘‘that— 8
38	38	‘‘(A) use chemical’’; 9
39	39	(3) by striking ‘‘law or use’’ and inserting the 10
40	40	following: ‘‘law; 11
41	41	‘‘(B) use’’; and 12
42	42	(4) by striking ‘‘nationals, and to impose’’ and 13
43	43	inserting the following: ‘‘nationals; or 14
44	44	‘‘(C) commit an act concerning a chemical 15
45	45	or biological program that results in injury or 16
46	46	damages to another country; and 17
47	47	‘‘(2) to impose’’. 18
48	48	SEC. 3. PRESIDENTIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 19
49	49	Section 306 of the Chemical and Biological Weapons 20
50	50	Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (22 U.S.C. 21
51	51	5604) is amended— 22
52	52	(1) in the section heading, by inserting before 23
53	53	the period the following: ‘‘
54	54	OR ACTS CONCERNING 24
55	55	A CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAM ’’; 25
56	56	(2) in subsection (a)— 26
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60	60	(A) in paragraph (1)— 1
61	61	(i) by striking ‘‘Whenever’’ and insert-2
62	62	ing the following: 3
63	63	‘‘(A) D
64	64	ETERMINATION REGARDING CHEM -4
65	65	ICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS .—Whenever’’; 5
66	66	and 6
67	67	(ii) by adding at the end the fol-7
68	68	lowing: 8
69	69	‘‘(B) D
70	70	ETERMINATION REGARDING CHEM -9
71	71	ICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAM .—Whenever 10
72	72	credible information becomes available to the 11
73	73	President indicating a substantial possibility 12
74	74	that, on or after the date of the enactment of 13
75	75	the Countering Beijing’s Weaponization of 14
76	76	Fentanyl Act, an individual who is an official, 15
77	77	employee, or agent of a foreign governmental 16
78	78	entity has committed a covered act, the Presi-17
79	79	dent shall, not later than 60 days after the re-18
80	80	ceipt of that information by the President, de-19
81	81	termine whether the individual committed a 20
82	82	covered act. The President shall impose the 21
83	83	sanctions described in section 310 with respect 22
84	84	to the individual if the President determines 23
85	85	that the individual has committed a covered 24
86	86	act.’’; 25
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90	90	(B) in paragraph (2)— 1
91	91	(i) by redesignating subparagraphs 2
92	92	(A) through (E) as clauses (i) through (v), 3
93	93	respectively, and by moving such clauses, 4
94	94	as so redesignated, 2 ems to the right; and 5
95	95	(ii) by striking ‘‘In making the deter-6
96	96	mination under paragraph (1)’’ and insert-7
97	97	ing the following: 8
98	98	‘‘(A) C
99	99	ONSIDERATIONS REGARDING CHEM -9
100	100	ICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS .—In making the 10
101	101	determination under paragraph (1)(A)’’; and 11
102	102	(iii) by adding at the end the fol-12
103	103	lowing: 13
104	104	‘‘(B) C
105	105	ONSIDERATIONS REGARDING CHEM -14
106	106	ICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAM .—In making a 15
107	107	determination under paragraph (1)(B) with re-16
108	108	spect to whether an individual who is an offi-17
109	109	cial, employee, or agent of a foreign govern-18
110	110	mental entity has committed a covered act, the 19
111	111	President shall consider the following: 20
112	112	‘‘(i) Physical and circumstantial evi-21
113	113	dence available relevant to the possibility 22
114	114	that the individual committed a covered 23
115	115	act. 24
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119	119	‘‘(ii) Whether evidence exists that the 1
120	120	chemical or biological program associated 2
121	121	with the covered act has a civilian or mili-3
122	122	tary purpose or application. 4
123	123	‘‘(iii) Whether the foreign govern-5
124	124	mental entity attempted to conceal or with-6
125	125	hold information regarding the covered act 7
126	126	from a relevant international organization 8
127	127	or the government of a foreign country 9
128	128	other than the foreign country most closely 10
129	129	associated with the entity. 11
130	130	‘‘(iv) Whether, and to what extent, 12
131	131	the foreign governmental entity and the 13
132	132	government of the foreign country most 14
133	133	closely associated with the foreign govern-15
134	134	mental entity have voluntarily disclosed 16
135	135	substantive information regarding the cov-17
136	136	ered act to relevant international organiza-18
137	137	tions. 19
138	138	‘‘(v) Whether, and to what extent, the 20
139	139	government of that country is compliant 21
140	140	with the obligations of the country under 22
141	141	each covered treaty.’’; and 23
142	142	(C) in paragraph (3)— 24
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146	146	(i) by striking ‘‘Upon’’ and inserting 1
147	147	the following: 2
148	148	‘‘(A) I
149	149	N GENERAL.—Upon’’; 3
150	150	(ii) by striking ‘‘If the determination 4
151	151	is’’ and inserting the following: 5
152	152	‘‘(B) R
153	153	EPORT REQUIREMENTS .— 6
154	154	‘‘(i) R
155	155	EQUIREMENTS FOR CHEMICAL 7
156	156	OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS DETERMINA -8
157	157	TION.—If the determination is a deter-9
158	158	mination under paragraph (1)(A)’’; and 10
159	159	(iii) by adding at the end the fol-11
160	160	lowing: 12
161	161	‘‘(ii) R
162	162	EQUIREMENTS FOR CHEMICAL 13
163	163	OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAM DETERMINA -14
164	164	TION.—If the determination is a deter-15
165	165	mination under paragraph (1)(B) that an 16
166	166	individual has committed a covered act, the 17
167	167	report shall specify the sanctions to be im-18
168	168	posed pursuant to section 310.’’; and 19
169	169	(3) in subsection (b)— 20
170	170	(A) in paragraph (1)— 21
171	171	(i) by striking ‘‘whether a particular’’ 22
172	172	and inserting the following: ‘‘whether— 23
173	173	‘‘(A) a particular’’; and 24
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177	177	(ii) by striking the period and insert-1
178	178	ing the following: ‘‘; or 2
179	179	‘‘(B) a particular individual, on or after 3
180	180	the date of the enactment of the Countering 4
181	181	Beijing’s Weaponization of Fentanyl Act, has 5
182	182	committed a covered act.’’; and 6
183	183	(B) in paragraph (2)— 7
184	184	(i) by striking ‘‘Not later’’ and insert-8
185	185	ing the following: 9
186	186	‘‘(A) I
187	187	N GENERAL.—Not later’’; 10
188	188	(ii) by striking ‘‘whether the speci-11
189	189	fied’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘wheth-12
190	190	er— 13
191	191	‘‘(i) the specified’’; 14
192	192	(iii) by striking ‘‘nationals. This re-15
193	193	port’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘nation-16
194	194	als; or 17
195	195	‘‘(ii) the specified individual, on or 18
196	196	after the date of the enactment of the 19
197	197	Countering Beijing’s Weaponization of 20
198	198	Fentanyl Act, has committed a covered 21
199	199	act. 22
200	200	‘‘(B) R
201	201	EPORT CONTENTS .—Each report 23
202	202	provided under this paragraph’’; and 24
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206	206	(iv) by striking ‘‘subsection (a)(2)’’ 1
207	207	and inserting ‘‘subparagraph (A) or (B) of 2
208	208	subsection (a)(2), as applicable’’. 3
209	209	SEC. 4. REQUIRED SANCTIONS ON FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN 4
210	210	RESPONSE TO CERTAIN ACTS CONCERNING 5
211	211	CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAM. 6
212	212	The Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and 7
213	213	Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) 8
214	214	is amended by adding at the end the following: 9
215	215	‘‘SEC. 310. SANCTIONS ON FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN RE-10
216	216	SPONSE TO ACTS CONCERNING CHEMICAL 11
217	217	OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAMS. 12
218	218	‘‘(a) I
219	219	NITIALSANCTIONS.—If the President makes a 13
220	220	determination pursuant to section 306(a)(1)(B) with re-14
221	221	spect to an individual who is an official, employee, or 15
222	222	agent of a foreign governmental entity, the President 16
223	223	shall, not later than 30 days of making the determination, 17
224	224	impose the following sanctions with respect to the foreign 18
225	225	country most closely associated with that entity: 19
226	226	‘‘(1) Suspension of all scientific cooperative pro-20
227	227	grams and agreements between the United States 21
228	228	and that country. 22
229	229	‘‘(2) A prohibition on the export, reexport, or 23
230	230	in-country transfer of items classified under Cat-24
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234	234	egory 1 or Category 2 of the Commerce Control List 1
235	235	to or in that country. 2
236	236	‘‘(3) A prohibition on the procurement of, or 3
237	237	entry into a contract to procure, a good or service 4
238	238	from a person operating in the chemical or biological 5
239	239	sectors of the economy of that country. 6
240	240	‘‘(b) I
241	241	NTERMEDIATEAPPLICATION OFSANCTIONS.— 7
242	242	‘‘(1) R
243	243	EPORT TO CONGRESS .—Not later than 8
244	244	120 days after making a determination pursuant to 9
245	245	section 306(a)(1)(B) with respect to an individual 10
246	246	who is an official, employee, or agent of a foreign 11
247	247	governmental entity, the President shall submit to 12
248	248	the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 13
249	249	Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Re-14
250	250	lations of the Senate a report that states whether— 15
251	251	‘‘(A) the foreign governmental entity or 16
252	252	the government of the foreign country most 17
253	253	closely associated with that entity— 18
254	254	‘‘(i) has adequately addressed the cov-19
255	255	ered act that was the basis for the deter-20
256	256	mination; 21
257	257	‘‘(ii) has voluntarily provided sub-22
258	258	stantive information regarding the covered 23
259	259	act to the United States Government and 24
260	260	relevant international organizations; and 25
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264	264	‘‘(iii) has developed or is developing 1
265	265	measures to prevent the commission of 2
266	266	covered acts in the future; and 3
267	267	‘‘(B) the government of that country is 4
268	268	compliant with the obligations of the country 5
269	269	under each covered treaty. 6
270	270	‘‘(2) S
271	271	ANCTIONS REQUIRED .—If the report re-7
272	272	quired by paragraph (1) states that any action de-8
273	273	scribed in paragraph (1) has not been taken by the 9
274	274	foreign governmental entity or the government of 10
275	275	the foreign country, as applicable, the President 11
276	276	shall impose not fewer than 2 of the following sanc-12
277	277	tions with respect to the foreign country: 13
278	278	‘‘(A) Termination of assistance provided to 14
279	279	the country pursuant to the Foreign Assistance 15
280	280	Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), except 16
281	281	for urgent humanitarian assistance, food, or 17
282	282	other agricultural commodities or products. 18
283	283	‘‘(B) A prohibition on the export, reexport, 19
284	284	or in-country transfer of items controlled under 20
285	285	the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 21
286	286	U.S.C. 4801 et seq.) to or in the country, in-22
287	287	cluding items controlled for reasons related to 23
288	288	the national security interests of the United 24
289	289	States under the Export Administration Regu-25
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293	293	lations, except that such prohibition shall not 1
294	294	apply to a transaction subject to the reporting 2
295	295	requirements of title V of the National Security 3
296	296	Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 413 et seq.). 4
297	297	‘‘(C) A prohibition on the issuance of a li-5
298	298	cense for the export, reexport, or retransfer of 6
299	299	an item on the United States Munitions List 7
300	300	(established pursuant to section 38 of the Arms 8
301	301	Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778)) if the li-9
302	302	cense includes the country as a party. 10
303	303	‘‘(3) A
304	304	DDITIONAL SANCTIONS AUTHORIZED .— 11
305	305	‘‘(A) I
306	306	N GENERAL.—The President may 12
307	307	order the United States Government not to 13
308	308	issue a license or grant a specific permission or 14
309	309	authority under a provision of law described in 15
310	310	subparagraph (B) to export a good or service to 16
311	311	a foreign country subject to sanctions imposed 17
312	312	under paragraph (2). 18
313	313	‘‘(B) P
314	314	ROVISIONS OF LAW DESCRIBED .— 19
315	315	The provisions of law described in this subpara-20
316	316	graph are the following: 21
317	317	‘‘(i) The Export Control Reform Act 22
318	318	of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.). 23
319	319	‘‘(ii) The Arms Export Control Act 24
320	320	(22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.). 25
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324	324	‘‘(iii) The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 1
325	325	(42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.). 2
326	326	‘‘(iv) Any other statute that requires 3
327	327	the prior review and approval of the 4
328	328	United States Government as a condition 5
329	329	for the export of goods or services. 6
330	330	‘‘(c) F
331	331	INALAPPLICATION OFSANCTIONS.— 7
332	332	‘‘(1) P
333	333	RESIDENTIAL DETERMINATION .—Not 8
334	334	later than 210 days after making a determination 9
335	335	pursuant to section 306(a)(1)(B) with respect to an 10
336	336	individual who is an official, employee, or agent of 11
337	337	a foreign governmental entity, the President shall 12
338	338	submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 13
339	339	House of Representatives and the Committee on 14
340	340	Foreign Relations of the Senate a report that states 15
341	341	whether— 16
342	342	‘‘(A) the foreign governmental entity or 17
343	343	the government of the foreign country most 18
344	344	closely associated with that entity— 19
345	345	‘‘(i) has adequately addressed the cov-20
346	346	ered act that was the basis for the deter-21
347	347	mination; 22
348	348	‘‘(ii) has voluntarily provided sub-23
349	349	stantive information regarding the covered 24
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353	353	act to the United States Government and 1
354	354	relevant international organizations; and 2
355	355	‘‘(iii) has developed or is developing 3
356	356	measures to prevent the commission of 4
357	357	covered acts in the future; and 5
358	358	‘‘(B) the government of the country is 6
359	359	compliant with the obligations of the country 7
360	360	under each covered treaty. 8
361	361	‘‘(2) E
362	362	FFECT OF DETERMINATION .—If the re-9
363	363	port required by paragraph (1) states that any ac-10
364	364	tion described in paragraph (1) has not been taken 11
365	365	by the foreign governmental entity or the govern-12
366	366	ment of the foreign country, as applicable, the Presi-13
367	367	dent shall prohibit any transaction that— 14
368	368	‘‘(A) is— 15
369	369	‘‘(i) in foreign commerce; or 16
370	370	‘‘(ii) a transfer of credit or payment 17
371	371	by, through, or to a financial institution; 18
372	372	‘‘(B) is subject to the jurisdiction of the 19
373	373	United States; and 20
374	374	‘‘(C) involves a financial interest of the 21
375	375	country. 22
376	376	‘‘(d) T
377	377	ERMINATION OF SANCTIONS.—The President 23
378	378	shall terminate each sanction imposed with respect to a 24
379	379	foreign country pursuant to this section if, on or after the 25
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383	383	date that is 1 year after the first date on which the sanc-1
384	384	tion was imposed, the President certifies to Congress 2
385	385	that— 3
386	386	‘‘(1) the government of the country, or the for-4
387	387	eign governmental entity of which the individual who 5
388	388	committed the covered act that was the basis for the 6
389	389	imposition of such sanctions was an official, em-7
390	390	ployee, or agent— 8
391	391	‘‘(A) has adequately addressed the act; 9
392	392	‘‘(B) has made or is making restitution to 10
393	393	persons harmed by the covered act, including 11
394	394	United States nationals; 12
395	395	‘‘(C) has voluntarily provided substantive 13
396	396	information regarding the covered act to the 14
397	397	United States Government and relevant inter-15
398	398	national organizations; and 16
399	399	‘‘(D) has developed or is developing meas-17
400	400	ures to prevent the commission of covered acts 18
401	401	in the future; and 19
402	402	‘‘(2) the government of the country is compliant 20
403	403	with the obligations of the country under each cov-21
404	404	ered treaty. 22
405	405	‘‘(e) W
406	406	AIVER.— 23
407	407	‘‘(1) I
408	408	N GENERAL.—The President may, for pe-24
409	409	riods of not more than 180 days, waive the imposi-25
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412	412	•S 63 IS
413	413	tion of sanctions required under this section if the 1
414	414	President certifies to the Committee on Foreign Af-2
415	415	fairs of the House of Representatives and the Com-3
416	416	mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that the 4
417	417	waiver is vital to the national security interests of 5
418	418	the United States. 6
419	419	‘‘(2) S
420	420	UNSET.—The President may not exercise 7
421	421	the authority described in paragraph (1) on or after 8
422	422	the date that is 5 years after the date of the enact-9
423	423	ment of the Countering Beijing’s Weaponization of 10
424	424	Fentanyl Act. 11
425	425	‘‘SEC. 311. DEFINITIONS. 12
426	426	‘‘In this title: 13
427	427	‘‘(1) C
428	428	HEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PROGRAM .— 14
429	429	The term ‘chemical or biological program’ means a 15
430	430	program to produce, develop, or distribute— 16
431	431	‘‘(A) a chemical or biological weapon; 17
432	432	‘‘(B) benzylfentanyl; 18
433	433	‘‘(C) 4-anilinopiperidine; or 19
434	434	‘‘(D) norfentanyl precursors. 20
435	435	‘‘(2) C
436	436	OMMERCE CONTROL LIST .—The term 21
437	437	‘Commerce Control List’ means the list maintained 22
438	438	by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the De-23
439	439	partment of Commerce and set forth in Supplement 24
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443	443	No. 1 to part 774 of the Export Administration 1
444	444	Regulations. 2
445	445	‘‘(3) C
446	446	OVERED ACT.—The term ‘covered act’ 3
447	447	means an act by an individual who is an official, em-4
448	448	ployee, or agent of a foreign governmental entity, 5
449	449	if— 6
450	450	‘‘(A) the individual knew or should have 7
451	451	known that the act would result in injury or 8
452	452	damages to a foreign country other than the 9
453	453	foreign country most closely associated with 10
454	454	that entity; and 11
455	455	‘‘(B) the act concerns a chemical or bio-12
456	456	logical program that is owned, controlled, or di-13
457	457	rected by, or subject to the jurisdiction of, that 14
458	458	entity. 15
459	459	‘‘(4) C
460	460	OVERED TREATY .—The term ‘covered 16
461	461	treaty’ means— 17
462	462	‘‘(A) the Convention on the Prohibition of 18
463	463	the Development, Production and Stockpiling of 19
464	464	Bacteriological and Toxin Weapons and on 20
465	465	their Destruction, done at Washington, London, 21
466	466	and Moscow, April 10, 1972 (commonly re-22
467	467	ferred to as the ‘Biological Weapons Conven-23
468	468	tion’); and 24
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471	471	•S 63 IS
472	472	‘‘(B) the Convention on the Prohibition of 1
473	473	the Development, Production, Stockpiling and 2
474	474	Use of Chemical Weapons and on their De-3
475	475	struction, done at Geneva September 3, 1992, 4
476	476	and entered into force April 29, 1997 (com-5
477	477	monly referred to as the ‘Chemical Weapons 6
478	478	Convention’). 7
479	479	‘‘(5) E
480	480	XPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULA -8
481	481	TIONS.—The term ‘Export Administration Regula-9
482	482	tions’ means the regulations set forth in subchapter 10
483	483	C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regu-11
484	484	lations (or successor regulations). 12
485	485	‘‘(6) F
486	486	OREIGN GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY .—The 13
487	487	term ‘foreign governmental entity’ means— 14
488	488	‘‘(A) the government of a foreign country; 15
489	489	‘‘(B) the government of a political subdivi-16
490	490	sion of a foreign country; 17
491	491	‘‘(C) an agency or instrumentality of a for-18
492	492	eign state, as such term is defined in section 19
493	493	1603(b) of title 28, United States Code; 20
494	494	‘‘(D) an entity that is directly or indirectly 21
495	495	controlled or beneficially owned by a govern-22
496	496	ment described in subparagraph (A) or (B); 23
497	497	‘‘(E) an entity that acts on behalf of or as 24
498	498	an agent of such a government; or 25
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501	501	•S 63 IS
502	502	‘‘(F) an entity that— 1
503	503	‘‘(i) receives significant material sup-2
504	504	port from a such a government; and 3
505	505	‘‘(ii) is engaged in— 4
506	506	‘‘(I) the provision of commercial 5
507	507	services; 6
508	508	‘‘(II) shipping; 7
509	509	‘‘(III) manufacturing; 8
510	510	‘‘(IV) producing; or 9
511	511	‘‘(V) exporting.’’. 10
512	512	SEC. 5. CONFORMING AMENDMENT. 11
513	513	Section 307(a) of the Chemical and Biological Weap-12
514	514	ons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (22 13
515	515	U.S.C. 5605(a)) is amended, in the matter preceding 14
516	516	paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘section 306(a)(1)’’ and insert-15
517	517	ing ‘‘section 306(a)(1)(A)’’. 16
518	518	Æ
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