Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB642 Compare Versions

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11 II
22 119THCONGRESS
33 1
44 STSESSION S. 642
55 To provide compensation to the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community for the
66 taking without just compensation of land by the United States inside
77 the exterior boundaries of the L’Anse Indian Reservation that were
88 guaranteed to the Community under a treaty signed in 1854, and for
99 other purposes.
1010 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
1111 FEBRUARY19, 2025
1212 Mr. P
1313 ETERS(for himself and Ms. SLOTKIN) introduced the following bill;
1414 which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs
1515 A BILL
1616 To provide compensation to the Keweenaw Bay Indian Com-
1717 munity for the taking without just compensation of land
1818 by the United States inside the exterior boundaries of
1919 the L’Anse Indian Reservation that were guaranteed to
2020 the Community under a treaty signed in 1854, and for
2121 other purposes.
2222 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
2323 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
2424 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
2525 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Keweenaw Bay Indian 4
2626 Community Land Claim Settlement Act of 2025’’. 5
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3030 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 1
3131 Congress finds that— 2
3232 (1) the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community is a 3
3333 federally recognized Indian Tribe residing on the 4
3434 L’Anse Indian Reservation in Baraga County in the 5
3535 Upper Peninsula of the State of Michigan; 6
3636 (2) the Community is a successor in interest to 7
3737 the Treaty with the Chippewa Indians of the Mis-8
3838 sissippi and Lake Superior, made and concluded at 9
3939 La Pointe of Lake Superior October 4, 1842 (7 10
4040 Stat. 591) (referred to in this section as the ‘‘1842 11
4141 Treaty’’), which, among other things, guaranteed the 12
4242 usufructuary rights of the Community over a large 13
4343 area of land that was ceded to the United States, 14
4444 until such time that those usufructuary rights were 15
4545 properly and legally extinguished; 16
4646 (3) the Community is also a successor in inter-17
4747 est to the Treaty with the Chippewa Indians of Lake 18
4848 Superior and the Mississippi, made and concluded at 19
4949 La Pointe September 30, 1854 (10 Stat. 1109) (re-20
5050 ferred to in this section as the ‘‘1854 Treaty’’); 21
5151 (4) article 2, paragraph 1 of the 1854 Treaty 22
5252 created the L’Anse Indian Reservation as a perma-23
5353 nent reservation; 24
5454 (5) pursuant to article 13 of the 1854 Treaty, 25
5555 the 1854 Treaty became ‘‘obligatory on the con-26
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5959 tracting parties’’ when ratified by the President and 1
6060 the Senate on January 10, 1855; 2
6161 (6) in 1850, Congress enacted the Act of Sep-3
6262 tember 28, 1850 (sections 2479 through 2481 of the 4
6363 Revised Statutes (43 U.S.C. 982 through 984)) 5
6464 (commonly known and referred to in this section as 6
6565 the ‘‘Swamp Land Act’’), which authorized the State 7
6666 of Arkansas and other States, including the State of 8
6767 Michigan, to ‘‘construct the necessary levees and 9
6868 drains to reclaim’’ certain unsold ‘‘swamp and over-10
6969 flowed lands, made unfit thereby for cultivation’’ 11
7070 and stating that those lands ‘‘shall remain unsold at 12
7171 the passage of this act’’; 13
7272 (7) following enactment of the Swamp Land 14
7373 Act, the State claimed thousands of acres of swamp 15
7474 land in the State pursuant to that Act; 16
7575 (8) between 1893 and 1937, the General Land 17
7676 Office patented 2,743 acres of land to the State that 18
7777 were located within the exterior boundaries of the 19
7878 Reservation; 20
7979 (9) the right of the Community to use and oc-21
8080 cupy the unsold land within the Reservation had not 22
8181 been extinguished when the United States patented 23
8282 the Reservation Swamp Lands to the State; 24
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8686 (10) in 1852, Congress enacted the Act of Au-1
8787 gust 26, 1852 (10 Stat. 35, chapter 92) (referred to 2
8888 in this section as the ‘‘Canal Land Act’’), to facili-3
8989 tate the building of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal at 4
9090 the Falls of the St. Mary’s River, to connect Lake 5
9191 Superior to Lake Huron; 6
9292 (11) pursuant to the Canal Land Act, the 7
9393 United States granted the State the right to select 8
9494 750,000 acres of unsold public land within the State 9
9595 to defray the cost of construction of the Sault Ste. 10
9696 Marie Canal; 11
9797 (12) the State identified and selected, among 12
9898 other land, a minimum of 1,333.25 and up to 2,720 13
9999 acres within the exterior boundaries of the Reserva-14
100100 tion; 15
101101 (13) the Department of the Interior approved 16
102102 the land selections of the State, including the Res-17
103103 ervation Canal Lands, after ratification of the 1854 18
104104 Treaty; 19
105105 (14) the Secretary noted that the approval de-20
106106 scribed in paragraph (13) was ‘‘subject to any valid 21
107107 interfering rights’’; 22
108108 (15) the 1854 Treaty set apart from the public 23
109109 domain all unsold land within the Reservation to the 24
110110 Community as of September 30, 1854, which pre-25
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114114 ceded the date on which the State established legally 1
115115 effective title to the Reservation Canal Lands; 2
116116 (16) the Community made claims to the De-3
117117 partment of the Interior with respect to the Reserva-4
118118 tion Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal 5
119119 Lands, providing legal analysis and ethnohistorical 6
120120 support for those claims; 7
121121 (17) in December 2021, the Department of the 8
122122 Interior stated that ‘‘We have carefully reviewed per-9
123123 tinent documents, including the Tribe’s expert re-10
124124 ports, and have determined that the Tribe’s claims 11
125125 to the Swamp Lands and Canal Lands have merit’’; 12
126126 (18) the United States, through the actions of 13
127127 the General Land Office, deprived the Community of 14
128128 the exclusive use and occupancy of the Reservation 15
129129 Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands 16
130130 within the Reservation, without just compensation as 17
131131 required under the Takings Clause of the Fifth 18
132132 Amendment to the Constitution of the United 19
133133 States; 20
134134 (19) the loss of the Reservation Swamp Lands 21
135135 and the Reservation Canal Lands without just com-22
136136 pensation has— 23
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140140 (A) impacted the exercise by the Commu-1
141141 nity of cultural, religious, and subsistence 2
142142 rights on the land; 3
143143 (B) caused a harmful disconnect between 4
144144 the Community and its land; 5
145145 (C) impacted the ability of the Community 6
146146 to fully exercise its economy within the Reserva-7
147147 tion; and 8
148148 (D) had a negative economic impact on the 9
149149 development of the economy of the Community; 10
150150 (20) certain non-Indian individuals, entities, 11
151151 and local governments occupy land within the 12
152152 boundaries of the Reservation— 13
153153 (A) acquired ownership interests in the 14
154154 Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reservation 15
155155 Canal Lands in good faith; and 16
156156 (B) have an interest in possessing clear 17
157157 title to that land; 18
158158 (21) this Act allows the United States— 19
159159 (A) to secure a fair and equitable settle-20
160160 ment of past inequities suffered by the Commu-21
161161 nity as a result of the actions of the United 22
162162 States that caused the taking of the Reserva-23
163163 tion Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal 24
164164 Lands without just compensation; and 25
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168168 (B) to ensure protection of the ownership 1
169169 of the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Res-2
170170 ervation Canal Lands by non-Indian occupants 3
171171 of the Reservation, through the settlement of 4
172172 the claims of the Community to that land, and 5
173173 through that action, the relief of any clouds on 6
174174 title; 7
175175 (22) a settlement will allow the Community to 8
176176 receive just compensation and the local landowners 9
177177 to obtain clear title to land, without long and pro-10
178178 tracted litigation that would be both costly and det-11
179179 rimental to all involved; and 12
180180 (23) this Act achieves both justice for the Com-13
181181 munity and security for current landowners through 14
182182 a restorative and non-confrontational process. 15
183183 SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 16
184184 The purposes of this Act are— 17
185185 (1) to acknowledge the uncompensated taking 18
186186 by the Federal Government of the Reservation 19
187187 Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands; 20
188188 (2) to provide compensation to the Community 21
189189 for the uncompensated taking of the Reservation 22
190190 Swamp Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands by 23
191191 the Federal Government; 24
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195195 (3) to extinguish all claims by the Community 1
196196 to the Reservation Swamp Lands and the Reserva-2
197197 tion Canal Lands and to confirm the ownership by 3
198198 the current landowners of the Reservation Swamp 4
199199 Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands, who ob-5
200200 tained that land in good faith; 6
201201 (4) to extinguish all potential claims by the 7
202202 Community against the United States, the State, 8
203203 and current landowners concerning title to, use of, 9
204204 or occupancy of the Reservation Swamp Lands and 10
205205 the Reservation Canal Lands; and 11
206206 (5) to authorize the Secretary— 12
207207 (A) to compensate the Community; and 13
208208 (B) to take any other action necessary to 14
209209 carry out this Act. 15
210210 SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. 16
211211 In this Act: 17
212212 (1) C
213213 OMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘Community’’ 18
214214 means the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community. 19
215215 (2) C
216216 OUNTY.—The term ‘‘County’’ means 20
217217 Baraga County, Michigan. 21
218218 (3) R
219219 ESERVATION.—The term ‘‘Reservation’’ 22
220220 means the L’Anse Indian Reservation, located in— 23
221221 (A) T. 51 N., R. 33 W.; 24
222222 (B) T. 51 N., R. 32 W.; 25
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226226 (C) T. 50 N., R. 33 W., E
227227 1
228228 ⁄2; 1
229229 (D) T. 50 N., R. 32 W., W
230230 1
231231 ⁄2; and 2
232232 (E) that portion of T. 51 N., R. 31 W. 3
233233 lying west of Huron Bay. 4
234234 (4) R
235235 ESERVATION CANAL LANDS .—The term 5
236236 ‘‘Reservation Canal Lands’’ means the 1,333.25 to 6
237237 2,720 acres of Community land located within the 7
238238 exterior boundaries of the Reservation that the Fed-8
239239 eral Government conveyed to the State pursuant to 9
240240 the Act of August 26, 1852 (10 Stat. 35, chapter 10
241241 92). 11
242242 (5) R
243243 ESERVATION SWAMP LANDS .—The term 12
244244 ‘‘Reservation Swamp Lands’’ means the 2,743 acres 13
245245 of land located within the exterior boundaries of the 14
246246 Reservation that the Federal Government conveyed 15
247247 to the State between 1893 and 1937 pursuant to the 16
248248 Act of September 28, 1850 (sections 2479 through 17
249249 2481 of the Revised Statutes (43 U.S.C. 982 18
250250 through 984)) (commonly known as the ‘‘Swamp 19
251251 Land Act’’). 20
252252 (6) S
253253 ECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 21
254254 the Secretary of the Interior. 22
255255 (7) S
256256 TATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means the State 23
257257 of Michigan. 24
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261261 SEC. 5. PAYMENTS. 1
262262 (a) T
263263 RANSFER OFFUNDS.—As soon as practicable 2
264264 after the date on which the amount authorized to be ap-3
265265 propriated under subsection (c) is made available to the 4
266266 Secretary, the Secretary shall transfer $33,900,000 to the 5
267267 Community. 6
268268 (b) U
269269 SE OFFUNDS.— 7
270270 (1) I
271271 N GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 8
272272 the Community may use the amount received under 9
273273 subsection (a) for any lawful purpose, including— 10
274274 (A) governmental services; 11
275275 (B) economic development; 12
276276 (C) natural resources protection; and 13
277277 (D) land acquisition. 14
278278 (2) R
279279 ESTRICTION ON USE OF FUNDS .—The 15
280280 community may not use the amount received under 16
281281 subsection (a) to acquire land for gaming purposes. 17
282282 (c) A
283283 UTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 18
284284 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 19
285285 out subsection (a) $33,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, to 20
286286 remain available until expended. 21
287287 SEC. 6. EXTINGUISHMENT OF CLAIMS. 22
288288 (a) I
289289 NGENERAL.—Effective on the date on which the 23
290290 Community receives the payment under section 5(a), all 24
291291 claims of the Community to the Reservation Swamp 25
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295295 Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands owned by persons 1
296296 or entities other than the Community are extinguished. 2
297297 (b) C
298298 LEARTITLE.—Effective on the date on which 3
299299 the Community receives the payment under section 5(a), 4
300300 the title of all current owners to the Reservation Swamp 5
301301 Lands and the Reservation Canal Lands is cleared of all 6
302302 preexisting rights held by the Community and any of the 7
303303 members of the Community. 8
304304 SEC. 7. EFFECT. 9
305305 Nothing in this Act authorizes— 10
306306 (1) the Secretary to take land into trust for the 11
307307 benefit of the Community for gaming purposes; or 12
308308 (2) the Community to use land acquired using 13
309309 amounts received under this Act for gaming pur-14
310310 poses. 15
311311 Æ
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