Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB647 Compare Versions

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11 II
22 119THCONGRESS
33 1
44 STSESSION S. 647
55 To require the Secretary of Commerce to create regional wildland fire research
66 centers, and for other purposes.
77 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
88 FEBRUARY20, 2025
99 Mr. L
1010 UJA´N(for himself, Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. SHEEHY, and Mr. PADILLA) in-
1111 troduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Com-
1212 mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
1313 A BILL
1414 To require the Secretary of Commerce to create regional
1515 wildland fire research centers, and for other purposes.
1616 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
1717 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
1818 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
1919 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Regional Leadership 4
2020 in Wildland Fire Research Act of 2025’’. 5
2121 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 6
2222 In this Act: 7
2323 (1) A
2424 DMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-8
2525 trator’’ means the Administrator of the National 9
2626 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 10
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3030 (2) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON -1
3131 GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-2
3232 gress’’ means— 3
3333 (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 4
3434 and Transportation, the Committee on Energy 5
3535 and Natural Resources, and the Committee on 6
3636 Appropriations of the Senate; 7
3737 (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 8
3838 Technology, the Committee on Natural Re-9
3939 sources, and the Committee on Appropriations 10
4040 of the House of Representatives; and 11
4141 (C) any other committee of Congress with 12
4242 the authority to facilitate the development of 13
4343 wildland fire research. 14
4444 (3) B
4545 OARD.—The term ‘‘Board’’ means the Na-15
4646 tional Center Coordination Board established by sec-16
4747 tion 3(c)(1). 17
4848 (4) C
4949 AREER PATHWAY .—The term ‘‘career 18
5050 pathway’’ has the meaning given that term in sec-19
5151 tion 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity 20
5252 Act (29 U.S.C. 3102). 21
5353 (5) C
5454 HIEF.—The term ‘‘Chief’’ means the Chief 22
5555 of the Forest Service. 23
5656 (6) C
5757 OUNCIL.—The term ‘‘Council’’ means the 24
5858 Wildland Fire Leadership Council established by the 25
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6262 Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agri-1
6363 culture. 2
6464 (7) F
6565 EDERAL SCIENCE AGENCY .—The term 3
6666 ‘‘Federal science agency’’ has the meaning given 4
6767 that term in section 103(f) of the America COM-5
6868 PETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 6
6969 6623(f)). 7
7070 (8) I
7171 NDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 8
7272 has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the 9
7373 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 10
7474 Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 11
7575 (9) I
7676 NSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION .—The 12
7777 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 13
7878 meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the 14
7979 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 15
8080 (10) L
8181 AND-GRANT COLLEGES AND UNIVER -16
8282 SITIES.—The term ‘‘land-grant colleges and univer-17
8383 sities’’ has the meaning given that term in section 18
8484 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Exten-19
8585 sion, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 20
8686 3103). 21
8787 (11) M
8888 INORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION .—The 22
8989 term ‘‘minority-serving institution’’ means an insti-23
9090 tution defined in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) 24
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9494 of section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1
9595 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 2
9696 (12) N
9797 ATIONAL LABORATORY .—The term ‘‘Na-3
9898 tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given that term 4
9999 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 5
100100 U.S.C. 15801). 6
101101 (13) R
102102 EGIONAL CENTER.—The term ‘‘regional 7
103103 center’’ means a regional wildland fire research cen-8
104104 ter established under section 3. 9
105105 (14) S
106106 EASONAL.—The term ‘‘seasonal’’ means 10
107107 a time range between 3 months and 2 years. 11
108108 (15) S
109109 ECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ 12
110110 means the Secretary of Commerce. 13
111111 (16) S
112112 UBSEASONAL.—The term ‘‘subseasonal’’ 14
113113 means a time range between 2 weeks and 3 months. 15
114114 (17) T
115115 RIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘Trib-16
116116 al organization’’ has the meaning given that term in 17
117117 section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-18
118118 cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 19
119119 (18) W
120120 ILDLAND FIRE.—The term ‘‘wildland 20
121121 fire’’ means any non-structure fire that occurs in 21
122122 vegetation or natural fuels and includes wildfires 22
123123 originating from an unplanned ignition or prescribed 23
124124 fire. 24
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128128 (19) WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT AGEN -1
129129 CIES.—The term ‘‘wildland fire management agen-2
130130 cies’’ means— 3
131131 (A) the Forest Service; 4
132132 (B) the Bureau of Land Management; 5
133133 (C) the National Park Service; 6
134134 (D) the United States Fish and Wildlife 7
135135 Service; and 8
136136 (E) the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 9
137137 (20) W
138138 ILDLAND FIRE RESEARCH .—The term 10
139139 ‘‘wildland fire research’’ means research to better 11
140140 understand— 12
141141 (A) the causes and consequences of 13
142142 wildland fires, including antecedent and con-14
143143 temporaneous factors that increase the risk of 15
144144 catastrophic events; 16
145145 (B) the spread and behavior of wildland 17
146146 fires, including fires in the wildland-urban 18
147147 interface; 19
148148 (C) the efficacy of mitigation strategies for 20
149149 wildland fires; 21
150150 (D) the impact of wildland fires on public 22
151151 health, safety, and the environment; 23
152152 (E) the rehabilitation and restoration of 24
153153 affected ecosystems after wildland fires; and 25
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157157 (F) the development of mitigation strate-1
158158 gies and techniques to improve the safety of 2
159159 wildland fire managers and firefighters. 3
160160 SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL WILDLAND FIRE 4
161161 RESEARCH CENTERS. 5
162162 (a) I
163163 NGENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 6
164164 with the Administrator and the Chief, shall establish a 7
165165 competitive process for the selection and establishment of 8
166166 regional wildland fire research centers in accordance with 9
167167 subsection (b). 10
168168 (b) S
169169 ELECTION ANDESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL 11
170170 C
171171 ENTERS.— 12
172172 (1) I
173173 N GENERAL.—The Secretary shall select 13
174174 not fewer than 7 institutions of higher education or 14
175175 land-grant colleges and universities at which to es-15
176176 tablish a regional center to coordinate the develop-16
177177 ment of wildland fire research. 17
178178 (2) C
179179 RITERIA FOR SELECTION.— 18
180180 (A) I
181181 N GENERAL.—In establishing a re-19
182182 gional center at an institution of higher edu-20
183183 cation or land-grant college or university under 21
184184 this section, the Secretary shall prioritize the 22
185185 selection of institutions, colleges, or universities 23
186186 that meet not fewer than one of the following 24
187187 criteria: 25
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191191 (i) Have existing programs of record 1
192192 in wildland fire research. 2
193193 (ii) Have existing partnerships with 3
194194 research institutions of the Federal Gov-4
195195 ernment and other academic institutions 5
196196 and entities relating to wildland fire re-6
197197 search. 7
198198 (iii) Participate in or lead a program 8
199199 under the Joint Fire Science Program. 9
200200 (iv) Are a minority-serving institution. 10
201201 (B) R
202202 EGIONS.—The Secretary shall estab-11
203203 lish not fewer than one regional center in each 12
204204 of the following regions of the United States: 13
205205 (i) Alaska. 14
206206 (ii) California. 15
207207 (iii) The Northern Rockies. 16
208208 (iv) The Pacific Northwest. 17
209209 (v) The Pacific Islands. 18
210210 (vi) The Southeast. 19
211211 (vii) The Southwest. 20
212212 (3) P
213213 URPOSE.—Each regional center, with re-21
214214 spect to the region covered by the regional center, 22
215215 shall— 23
216216 (A) to the extent practical, coordinate re-24
217217 search with other wildland fire research entities, 25
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221221 such as other academic institutions, the Envi-1
222222 ronmental Protection Agency, the National 2
223223 Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics 3
224224 and Space Administration, the Department of 4
225225 Energy, the United States Geological Survey, 5
226226 and State and regional research organizations; 6
227227 (B) improve the understanding of wildland 7
228228 fire through wildland fire research that can be 8
229229 applied by wildland fire management agencies; 9
230230 (C) develop technologies and other tools to 10
231231 understand, monitor, and predict wildland fire, 11
232232 including— 12
233233 (i) models to predict fire potential and 13
234234 the spread and behavior of wildland fire 14
235235 and smoke; 15
236236 (ii) models to predict how vegetation 16
237237 will respond to changes in the environment 17
238238 and wildland fire; 18
239239 (iii) the integration of technologies to 19
240240 predict the spread and behavior of wildland 20
241241 fire and smoke in as near-real-time as pos-21
242242 sible; and 22
243243 (iv) other innovations to be integrated 23
244244 into operational decision support systems 24
245245 relating to wildland fire; 25
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249249 (D) develop technologies and other tools to 1
250250 safely support land treatments to reduce the se-2
251251 verity of wildland fire; 3
252252 (E) leverage predictive capabilities to re-4
253253 duce the impact of smoke on communities and 5
254254 wildland firefighters; 6
255255 (F) improve the understanding of post-fire 7
256256 risk to the landscape, including flash flooding 8
257257 potential and watershed impacts; 9
258258 (G) test and operate models to support 10
259259 land management decision-making, including 11
260260 through— 12
261261 (i) operating models to support man-13
262262 agement of wildland fire and vegetation; 14
263263 (ii) the demonstration of integration 15
264264 technologies to support management of 16
265265 wildland fire in as near-real-time as pos-17
266266 sible; and 18
267267 (iii) the incorporation of decision 19
268268 science and social science that examines 20
269269 the perception and adoption of information 21
270270 related to wildland fire risk; 22
271271 (H) develop a career pathway training pro-23
272272 gram with respect to carrying out wildland fire 24
273273 research; 25
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277277 (I) develop data management protocols to 1
278278 allow for full and open exchange of data pursu-2
279279 ant to the principles of findability, accessibility, 3
280280 interoperability, and reusability (commonly re-4
281281 ferred to as the ‘‘FAIR principles’’) and archive 5
282282 and access that data; and 6
283283 (J) make its work and data fully and open-7
284284 ly available. 8
285285 (c) N
286286 ATIONALCENTERCOORDINATIONBOARD.— 9
287287 (1) E
288288 STABLISHMENT.—There is established a 10
289289 coordination board, to be known as the ‘‘National 11
290290 Center Coordination Board’’. 12
291291 (2) C
292292 OMPOSITION.— 13
293293 (A) M
294294 EMBERS.— 14
295295 (i) I
296296 N GENERAL.—The Board shall be 15
297297 composed of one member representing each 16
298298 regional center. 17
299299 (ii) A
300300 PPOINTMENT.—Each member 18
301301 under clause (i) shall be selected by the 19
302302 relevant regional center. 20
303303 (B) C
304304 HAIR.—The Administrator and the 21
305305 Chief shall serve as the Co-Chairs of the Board. 22
306306 (3) D
307307 UTIES.—The Board shall— 23
308308 (A) establish wildland fire science, data 24
309309 management, and sharing protocols, and tech-25
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313313 nological research priorities in cooperation with 1
314314 each regional center and informed by the oper-2
315315 ational needs of wildland fire management 3
316316 agencies; 4
317317 (B) coordinate data collection efforts sup-5
318318 porting the efforts of each regional center, in-6
319319 cluding— 7
320320 (i) building data layers across each re-8
321321 gion described in subsection (b)(2)(B); and 9
322322 (ii) providing updates on the develop-10
323323 ment of wildland fire research models; 11
324324 (C) ensure the coordination of, and avoid 12
325325 unnecessary duplication of, the activities of the 13
326326 regional centers and the activities of institutions 14
327327 of higher education, land-grant colleges and 15
328328 universities, Federal science agencies, and State 16
329329 research organizations with respect to wildland 17
330330 fire research, including— 18
331331 (i) the National Oceanic and Atmos-19
332332 pheric Administration; 20
333333 (ii) the National Laboratories; 21
334334 (iii) the National Aeronautics and 22
335335 Space Administration; 23
336336 (iv) the Environmental Protection 24
337337 Agency; 25
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341341 (v) the United States Fire Adminis-1
342342 tration; 2
343343 (vi) the United States Geological Sur-3
344344 vey; and 4
345345 (vii) any other relevant entity with 5
346346 specialized expertise in wildland fire re-6
347347 search; and 7
348348 (D) support end-to-end applications that 8
349349 assist wildland fire management agencies in 9
350350 adopting technologies and incorporating re-10
351351 search findings produced by the regional cen-11
352352 ters. 12
353353 (4) M
354354 EETINGS.— 13
355355 (A) B
356356 OARD MEETINGS.—The Board shall 14
357357 meet quarterly. 15
358358 (B) P
359359 UBLIC MEETINGS.— 16
360360 (i) I
361361 N GENERAL.—The Board shall 17
362362 hold public meetings with affected stake-18
363363 holders to solicit information from the gen-19
364364 eral public regarding the development and 20
365365 implications of wildland fire research. 21
366366 (ii) F
367367 REQUENCY.—Not less frequently 22
368368 than annually, the Board shall hold at 23
369369 least one public meeting in each State cov-24
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373373 ered by a region described in subsection 1
374374 (b)(2)(B). 2
375375 (5) T
376376 ERM.—A member of the Board shall be 3
377377 appointed for a term of 4 years, except that of the 4
378378 members first appointed, the Secretary shall ensure 5
379379 that approximately— 6
380380 (A)
381381 1
382382 ⁄3of members are appointed for a 7
383383 term of 4 years; 8
384384 (B)
385385 1
386386 ⁄3of members are appointed for a 9
387387 term of 3 years; and 10
388388 (C)
389389 1
390390 ⁄3of members are appointed for a 11
391391 term of 2 years. 12
392392 (6) V
393393 ACANCIES.— 13
394394 (A) I
395395 N GENERAL.—A vacancy on the 14
396396 Board— 15
397397 (i) shall not affect the powers of the 16
398398 Board; and 17
399399 (ii) shall be filled in the same manner 18
400400 as the original appointment was made by 19
401401 not later than 180 days after the date on 20
402402 which the vacancy occurs. 21
403403 (B) F
404404 ILLING UNEXPIRED TERM .—An indi-22
405405 vidual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be ap-23
406406 pointed for the unexpired term of the member 24
407407 replaced. 25
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411411 (7) RECOMMENDATIONS .—Not less frequently 1
412412 than annually, the Board shall submit to the Sec-2
413413 retary and the Council recommendations to improve 3
414414 wildland fire research to be included in the report 4
415415 described in subsection (e). 5
416416 (d) A
417417 DVISORYBOARDS.— 6
418418 (1) I
419419 N GENERAL.—There is established an advi-7
420420 sory board at each regional center, to be known as 8
421421 the ‘‘Regional Advisory Board’’. 9
422422 (2) C
423423 OMPOSITION.— 10
424424 (A) I
425425 N GENERAL.—Each Regional Advi-11
426426 sory Board shall consist of members from, or 12
427427 with responsibility covering, the region covered 13
428428 by the relevant regional center, including at 14
429429 minimum— 15
430430 (i) one regional representative from 16
431431 each wildland fire management agency, ap-17
432432 pointed by that agency; 18
433433 (ii) one representative from the Coun-19
434434 cil, appointed by the Council; 20
435435 (iii) one representative from a State 21
436436 government agency from each State lo-22
437437 cated in that region, appointed by the Gov-23
438438 ernor of that State; 24
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442442 (iv) one representative from an Indian 1
443443 Tribe or Tribal organization from that re-2
444444 gion, elected under subparagraph 3
445445 (B)(i)(II); and 4
446446 (v) additional representatives elected 5
447447 under subparagraph (B)(ii)(II). 6
448448 (B) E
449449 LECTED MEMBERSHIP .— 7
450450 (i) T
451451 RIBAL MEMBERSHIP.— 8
452452 (I) S
453453 UBCOMMITTEE.—Each Re-9
454454 gional Advisory Board shall solicit and 10
455455 approve, on at least an annual basis, 11
456456 nominations for individuals from orga-12
457457 nizations specified in subparagraph 13
458458 (A)(iv) to serve as a representative on 14
459459 a subcommittee to the Regional Advi-15
460460 sory Board for the purposes of sub-16
461461 clause (II). 17
462462 (II) E
463463 LECTION.—The sub-18
464464 committee described in subclause (I) 19
465465 for a Regional Advisory Board shall 20
466466 elect, on an annual basis, one member 21
467467 of the subcommittee to serve as a 22
468468 member of the Regional Advisory 23
469469 Board under subparagraph (A)(iv) for 24
470470 an annual term. 25
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474474 (ii) ADDITIONAL MEMBERS .— 1
475475 (I) S
476476 UBCOMMITTEE.—Each Re-2
477477 gional Advisory Board shall solicit and 3
478478 approve, on at least an annual basis, 4
479479 nominations for individuals with oper-5
480480 ational expertise in wildland fire miti-6
481481 gation and management to serve as a 7
482482 representative on a subcommittee to 8
483483 the Regional Advisory Board for the 9
484484 purposes of subclause (II), including 10
485485 representatives from, as applicable— 11
486486 (aa) institutions of higher 12
487487 education or land-grant colleges 13
488488 and universities; 14
489489 (bb) nongovernmental orga-15
490490 nizations; 16
491491 (cc) private industry; 17
492492 (dd) the wildland firefighter 18
493493 community, including organiza-19
494494 tions that represent the interests 20
495495 of wildland firefighters; and 21
496496 (ee) Southwest Ecological 22
497497 Restoration Institutes established 23
498498 under section 5(a) of the South-24
499499 west Forest Health and Wildfire 25
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503503 Prevention Act of 2004 (16 1
504504 U.S.C. 6704(a)). 2
505505 (II) E
506506 LECTION.—The sub-3
507507 committee described in subclause (I) 4
508508 for a Regional Advisory Board may 5
509509 elect a member or members of the 6
510510 subcommittee to serve as a member of 7
511511 the Regional Advisory Board under 8
512512 subparagraph (A)(v) for an annual 9
513513 term. 10
514514 (3) C
515515 OMPENSATION.—Each member of a Re-11
516516 gional Advisory Board shall serve on a voluntary 12
517517 basis without compensation. 13
518518 (4) D
519519 UTIES.—Each Regional Advisory Board 14
520520 shall— 15
521521 (A) ensure and support the coordination of 16
522522 wildland fire research between the relevant re-17
523523 gional center and Federal and State land man-18
524524 agement agencies in that region; 19
525525 (B) communicate the operational needs of 20
526526 Federal and State land management agencies 21
527527 and wildland fire management agencies in that 22
528528 region to the relevant regional center and to the 23
529529 Board; 24
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533533 (C) advise, in coordination with the rel-1
534534 evant regional center, on research goals and ob-2
535535 jectives; and 3
536536 (D) assist the relevant regional center with 4
537537 the dissemination of research outputs and data 5
538538 to Federal and State land management agencies 6
539539 and wildland fire management agencies in that 7
540540 region. 8
541541 (5) M
542542 EETINGS.—Each Regional Advisory Board 9
543543 shall meet quarterly in conjunction with the Board 10
544544 meeting under subsection (c)(4)(A). 11
545545 (6) T
546546 ERM.—Unless specified otherwise, a mem-12
547547 ber of a Regional Advisory Board shall serve for a 13
548548 term of 4 years. 14
549549 (7) V
550550 ACANCIES.— 15
551551 (A) I
552552 N GENERAL.—A vacancy on a Re-16
553553 gional Advisory Board— 17
554554 (i) shall not affect the powers of the 18
555555 Regional Advisory Board; and 19
556556 (ii) shall be filled in the same manner 20
557557 as the original appointment was made by 21
558558 not later than 180 days after the date on 22
559559 which the vacancy occurs. 23
560560 (B) F
561561 ILLING UNEXPIRED TERM .—An indi-24
562562 vidual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be ap-25
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566566 pointed for the unexpired term of the member 1
567567 replaced. 2
568568 (e) R
569569 EPORT ONWILDLANDFIRERESEARCH.—Not 3
570570 later than each of 2 years and 4 years after the date of 4
571571 the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Council, 5
572572 in consultation with the Board, shall submit to the appro-6
573573 priate committees of Congress a report describing— 7
574574 (1) the progress each regional center has made 8
575575 in the development of wildland fire research; and 9
576576 (2) recommendations to improve wildland fire 10
577577 research. 11
578578 (f) C
579579 ONSULTATION.—In carrying out the require-12
580580 ments of this section, the Secretary shall consult with— 13
581581 (1) Federal science agencies; 14
582582 (2) the Office of Science and Technology Policy; 15
583583 and 16
584584 (3) the Council. 17
585585 (g) A
586586 UTHORIZATION OFAPPROPRIATIONS.— 18
587587 (1) I
588588 N GENERAL.— 19
589589 (A) R
590590 EGIONAL CENTERS .—For estab-20
591591 lishing and administering the regional centers 21
592592 established under subsection (a), there is au-22
593593 thorized to be appropriated— 23
594594 (i) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 24
595595 (ii) $61,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; 25
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598598 •S 647 IS
599599 (iii) $62,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; 1
600600 (iv) $63,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; 2
601601 and 3
602602 (v) $64,000,000 for fiscal year 2030. 4
603603 (B) B
604604 OARD.—For the Board established 5
605605 under subsection (c), there is authorized to be 6
606606 appropriated $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 7
607607 2026 through 2030. 8
608608 (2) E
609609 LIGIBLE USE OF FUNDS .—A regional cen-9
610610 ter may use amounts appropriated pursuant to an 10
611611 authorization of appropriations under paragraph 11
612612 (1)(A) for construction or the acquisition of equip-12
613613 ment necessary to carry out the requirements of this 13
614614 Act. 14
615615 (3) F
616616 LEXIBILITY.— 15
617617 (A) I
618618 N GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-16
619619 graph (B), the Secretary shall adjust appropria-17
620620 tions under paragraph (1) between the regional 18
621621 centers established under subsection (a) as 19
622622 needed to account for differences in administra-20
623623 tive costs and research challenges specific to a 21
624624 particular region. 22
625625 (B) N
626626 OTICE.—Before adjusting appropria-23
627627 tions under subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year, 24
628628 the Administrator shall— 25
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632632 (i) include that adjustment in the 1
633633 budget justification materials submitted by 2
634634 the Administrator and the Chief in support 3
635635 of the budget of the President (as sub-4
636636 mitted to Congress under section 1105 of 5
637637 title 31, United States Code) for that fiscal 6
638638 year; and 7
639639 (ii) provide notice of that adjustment 8
640640 to the appropriate committees of Congress. 9
641641 (4) T
642642 RANSFER OF FUNDS .—A Federal science 10
643643 agency may transfer, as necessary, additional appro-11
644644 priated amounts to a regional center for the purpose 12
645645 of carrying out wildland fire research described in 13
646646 subsection (b)(3)(B). 14
647647 Æ
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