| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 799 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To establish and implement a multi-year Legal Gold and Mining Partnership |
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| 6 | 6 | | Strategy to reduce the negative environmental and social impacts of |
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| 7 | 7 | | illicit gold mining in the Western Hemisphere, and for other purposes. |
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| 8 | 8 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 9 | 9 | | FEBRUARY27, 2025 |
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| 10 | 10 | | Mr. C |
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| 11 | 11 | | ORNYN(for himself and Mr. KAINE) introduced the following bill; which |
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| 12 | 12 | | was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations |
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| 13 | 13 | | A BILL |
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| 14 | 14 | | To establish and implement a multi-year Legal Gold and |
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| 15 | 15 | | Mining Partnership Strategy to reduce the negative envi- |
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| 16 | 16 | | ronmental and social impacts of illicit gold mining in |
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| 17 | 17 | | the Western Hemisphere, and for other purposes. |
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| 18 | 18 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 19 | 19 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 20 | 20 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 21 | 21 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘United States Legal 4 |
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| 22 | 22 | | Gold and Mining Partnership Act’’. 5 |
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| 23 | 23 | | SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 6 |
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| 24 | 24 | | Congress makes the following findings: 7 |
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| 27 | 27 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 28 | 28 | | (1) The illicit mining, trafficking, and commer-1 |
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| 29 | 29 | | cialization of gold in the Western Hemisphere— 2 |
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| 30 | 30 | | (A) negatively affects the region’s economic 3 |
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| 31 | 31 | | and social dynamics; 4 |
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| 32 | 32 | | (B) strengthens transnational criminal or-5 |
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| 33 | 33 | | ganizations and other international illicit actors; 6 |
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| 34 | 34 | | and 7 |
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| 35 | 35 | | (C) has a deleterious impact on the envi-8 |
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| 36 | 36 | | ronment, indigenous peoples, and food security. 9 |
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| 37 | 37 | | (2) A lack of economic opportunities and the 10 |
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| 38 | 38 | | weak rule of law promote illicit activities, such as il-11 |
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| 39 | 39 | | licit gold mining, which increases the vulnerability of 12 |
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| 40 | 40 | | individuals in mining areas, including indigenous 13 |
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| 41 | 41 | | communities, who have been subjected to trafficking 14 |
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| 42 | 42 | | in persons, other human rights abuses, and popu-15 |
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| 43 | 43 | | lation displacement in relation to mining activity, 16 |
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| 44 | 44 | | particularly in the artisanal and small-scale mining 17 |
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| 45 | 45 | | sector. 18 |
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| 46 | 46 | | (3) Illicit gold mining in Latin America often 19 |
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| 47 | 47 | | involves and benefits transnational criminal organi-20 |
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| 48 | 48 | | zations, drug trafficking organizations, terrorist 21 |
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| 49 | 49 | | groups, and other illegal armed groups that extort 22 |
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| 50 | 50 | | miners and enter into illicit partnerships with them 23 |
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| 51 | 51 | | in order to gain revenue from the illicit activity. 24 |
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| 54 | 54 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 55 | 55 | | (4) Illicit gold supply chains are international in 1 |
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| 56 | 56 | | nature and frequently involve— 2 |
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| 57 | 57 | | (A) the smuggling of gold and supplies, 3 |
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| 58 | 58 | | such as mercury; 4 |
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| 59 | 59 | | (B) trade-based money laundering; and 5 |
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| 60 | 60 | | (C) other cross-border flows of illicit as-6 |
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| 61 | 61 | | sets. 7 |
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| 62 | 62 | | (5) In Latin America, mineral traders and ex-8 |
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| 63 | 63 | | porters, local processors, and shell companies linked 9 |
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| 64 | 64 | | to transnational criminal networks and illegally 10 |
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| 65 | 65 | | armed groups all play a key role in the trafficking, 11 |
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| 66 | 66 | | laundering, and commercialization of illicit gold from 12 |
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| 67 | 67 | | the region. 13 |
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| 68 | 68 | | (6) According to a report on illegally mined 14 |
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| 69 | 69 | | Gold in Latin America by the Global Initiative 15 |
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| 70 | 70 | | Against Transnational Organized Crime— 16 |
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| 71 | 71 | | (A) more than 70 percent of the gold 17 |
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| 72 | 72 | | mined in several Latin American countries, 18 |
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| 73 | 73 | | such as Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, is mined 19 |
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| 74 | 74 | | through illicit means; and 20 |
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| 75 | 75 | | (B) about 80 percent of the gold mined in 21 |
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| 76 | 76 | | Venezuela is mined through illicit means and a 22 |
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| 77 | 77 | | large percentage of such gold is sold— 23 |
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| 78 | 78 | | (i) to Mibiturven, a joint venture op-24 |
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| 79 | 79 | | erated by the Maduro regime composed of 25 |
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| 82 | 82 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 83 | 83 | | Minerven, a gold processor that has been 1 |
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| 84 | 84 | | designated by the Office of Foreign Assets 2 |
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| 85 | 85 | | Control of the Department of the Treas-3 |
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| 86 | 86 | | ury, pursuant to Executive Order 13850 4 |
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| 87 | 87 | | (relating to blocking property of additional 5 |
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| 88 | 88 | | persons contributing to the situation in 6 |
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| 89 | 89 | | Venezuela), and Marilyns Proje Yatirim, 7 |
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| 90 | 90 | | S.A., a Turkish company; or 8 |
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| 91 | 91 | | (ii) through other trafficking and 9 |
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| 92 | 92 | | commercialization networks from which the 10 |
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| 93 | 93 | | Maduro regime benefits financially. 11 |
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| 94 | 94 | | (7) Illegal armed groups and foreign terrorist 12 |
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| 95 | 95 | | organizations, such as the Eje´rcito de Liberacio´n 13 |
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| 96 | 96 | | Nacional (National Liberation Army—ELN), work 14 |
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| 97 | 97 | | with transnational criminal organizations in Ven-15 |
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| 98 | 98 | | ezuela that participate in the illicit mining, traf-16 |
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| 99 | 99 | | ficking, and commercialization of gold. 17 |
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| 100 | 100 | | (8) Transnational criminal organizations based 18 |
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| 101 | 101 | | in Venezuela, such as El Tren de Aragua, have ex-19 |
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| 102 | 102 | | panded their role in the illicit mining, trafficking, 20 |
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| 103 | 103 | | and commercialization of gold to increase their 21 |
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| 104 | 104 | | criminal profits. 22 |
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| 105 | 105 | | (9) Nicaragua’s gold exports during 2021 were 23 |
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| 106 | 106 | | valued at an estimated $989,000,000 in value, of 24 |
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| 107 | 107 | | which— 25 |
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| 110 | 110 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 111 | 111 | | (A) gold valued at an estimated 1 |
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| 112 | 112 | | $898,000,000 was shipped to the United 2 |
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| 113 | 113 | | States; 3 |
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| 114 | 114 | | (B) gold valued at an estimated 4 |
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| 115 | 115 | | $48,700,000 was shipped to Switzerland; 5 |
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| 116 | 116 | | (C) gold valued at an estimated 6 |
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| 117 | 117 | | $39,000,000 was shipped to the United Arab 7 |
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| 118 | 118 | | Emirates; and 8 |
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| 119 | 119 | | (D) gold valued at an estimated 9 |
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| 120 | 120 | | $3,620,000 was shipped to Austria. 10 |
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| 121 | 121 | | SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 11 |
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| 122 | 122 | | In this Act: 12 |
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| 123 | 123 | | (1) A |
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| 124 | 124 | | PPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT -13 |
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| 125 | 125 | | TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-14 |
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| 126 | 126 | | mittees’’ means— 15 |
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| 127 | 127 | | (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 16 |
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| 128 | 128 | | the Senate; 17 |
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| 129 | 129 | | (B) the Committee on Banking, Housing, 18 |
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| 130 | 130 | | and Urban Affairs of the Senate; 19 |
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| 131 | 131 | | (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 20 |
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| 132 | 132 | | the House of Representatives; and 21 |
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| 133 | 133 | | (D) the Committee on Financial Services 22 |
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| 134 | 134 | | of the House of Representatives . 23 |
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| 135 | 135 | | (2) A |
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| 136 | 136 | | RTISANAL AND SMALL -SCALE MINING; 24 |
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| 137 | 137 | | ASM.—The terms ‘‘artisanal and small-scale mining’’ 25 |
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| 140 | 140 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 141 | 141 | | and ‘‘ASM’’ refer to a form of mining common in 1 |
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| 142 | 142 | | the developing world that— 2 |
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| 143 | 143 | | (A) typically employs rudimentary, simple, 3 |
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| 144 | 144 | | and low-cost extractive technologies and manual 4 |
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| 145 | 145 | | labor-intensive techniques; 5 |
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| 146 | 146 | | (B) is frequently subject to limited regula-6 |
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| 147 | 147 | | tion; and 7 |
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| 148 | 148 | | (C) often features harsh and dangerous 8 |
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| 149 | 149 | | working conditions. 9 |
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| 150 | 150 | | (3) I |
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| 151 | 151 | | LLICIT ACTORS.—The term ‘‘illicit actors’’ 10 |
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| 152 | 152 | | includes— 11 |
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| 153 | 153 | | (A) any person included on any list of— 12 |
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| 154 | 154 | | (i) United States-designated foreign 13 |
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| 155 | 155 | | terrorist organizations; 14 |
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| 156 | 156 | | (ii) specially designated global terror-15 |
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| 157 | 157 | | ists (as defined in section 594.310 of title 16 |
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| 158 | 158 | | 31, Code of Federal Regulations); 17 |
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| 159 | 159 | | (iii) significant foreign narcotics traf-18 |
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| 160 | 160 | | fickers (as defined in section 808 of the 19 |
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| 161 | 161 | | Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation 20 |
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| 162 | 162 | | Act (21 U.S.C. 1907); or 21 |
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| 163 | 163 | | (iv) blocked persons, as maintained by 22 |
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| 164 | 164 | | the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the 23 |
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| 165 | 165 | | Department of the Treasury; and 24 |
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| 166 | 166 | | (B) drug trafficking organizations. 25 |
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| 169 | 169 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 170 | 170 | | (4) KEY STAKEHOLDERS .—The term ‘‘key 1 |
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| 171 | 171 | | stakeholders’’ means private sector organizations, in-2 |
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| 172 | 172 | | dustry representatives, and civil society groups that 3 |
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| 173 | 173 | | represent communities in areas affected by illicit 4 |
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| 174 | 174 | | mining and trafficking of gold, including indigenous 5 |
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| 175 | 175 | | groups, that are committed to the implementation of 6 |
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| 176 | 176 | | the Legal Gold and Mining Partnership Strategy. 7 |
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| 177 | 177 | | (5) L |
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| 178 | 178 | | EGAL GOLD AND MINING PARTNERSHIP 8 |
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| 179 | 179 | | STRATEGY; STRATEGY.—The terms ‘‘Legal Gold and 9 |
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| 180 | 180 | | Mining Partnership Strategy’’ and ‘‘Strategy’’ mean 10 |
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| 181 | 181 | | the strategy developed pursuant to section 4. 11 |
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| 182 | 182 | | (6) R |
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| 183 | 183 | | ELEVANT FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND 12 |
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| 184 | 184 | | AGENCIES.—The term ‘‘relevant Federal depart-13 |
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| 185 | 185 | | ments and agencies’’ means— 14 |
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| 186 | 186 | | (A) the Department of State; 15 |
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| 187 | 187 | | (B) the Department of the Treasury; 16 |
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| 188 | 188 | | (C) the Department of Homeland Security, 17 |
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| 189 | 189 | | including U.S. Customs and Border Protection 18 |
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| 190 | 190 | | and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce-19 |
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| 191 | 191 | | ment; 20 |
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| 192 | 192 | | (D) the Department of Justice, including 21 |
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| 193 | 193 | | the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the 22 |
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| 194 | 194 | | Drug Enforcement Administration; 23 |
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| 195 | 195 | | (E) the Department of the Interior; 24 |
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| 198 | 198 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 199 | 199 | | (F) the United States Agency for Inter-1 |
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| 200 | 200 | | national Development; and 2 |
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| 201 | 201 | | (G) other Federal agencies designated by 3 |
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| 202 | 202 | | the President. 4 |
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| 203 | 203 | | SEC. 4. LEGAL GOLD AND MINING PARTNERSHIP STRAT-5 |
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| 204 | 204 | | EGY. 6 |
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| 205 | 205 | | (a) S |
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| 206 | 206 | | TRATEGYREQUIRED.—The Secretary of State, 7 |
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| 207 | 207 | | in coordination with the heads of relevant Federal depart-8 |
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| 208 | 208 | | ments and agencies, shall develop a comprehensive, multi- 9 |
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| 209 | 209 | | year strategy, which shall be known as the Legal Gold and 10 |
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| 210 | 210 | | Mining Partnership Strategy, to combat illicit gold mining 11 |
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| 211 | 211 | | in the Western Hemisphere. 12 |
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| 212 | 212 | | (b) E |
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| 213 | 213 | | LEMENTS.—The Strategy shall include policies, 13 |
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| 214 | 214 | | programs, and initiatives— 14 |
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| 215 | 215 | | (1) to interrupt the linkages between ASM and 15 |
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| 216 | 216 | | illicit actors that profit from ASM in the Western 16 |
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| 217 | 217 | | Hemisphere; 17 |
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| 218 | 218 | | (2) to deter ASM in environmentally protected 18 |
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| 219 | 219 | | areas, such as national parks and conservation 19 |
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| 220 | 220 | | zones, to prevent mining-related contamination of 20 |
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| 221 | 221 | | critical natural resources, such as water resources, 21 |
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| 222 | 222 | | soil, tropical forests, and other flora and fauna, and 22 |
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| 223 | 223 | | aerosol contamination linked to detrimental health 23 |
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| 224 | 224 | | impacts; 24 |
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| 227 | 227 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 228 | 228 | | (3) to counter the financing and enrichment of 1 |
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| 229 | 229 | | actors involved in the illicit mining, trafficking, and 2 |
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| 230 | 230 | | commercialization of gold, and the abetting of their 3 |
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| 231 | 231 | | activities by— 4 |
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| 232 | 232 | | (A) promoting the exercise of due diligence 5 |
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| 233 | 233 | | and the use of responsible sourcing methods in 6 |
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| 234 | 234 | | the purchase and trade of ASM; 7 |
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| 235 | 235 | | (B) preventing and prohibiting foreign per-8 |
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| 236 | 236 | | sons who control commodity trading chains 9 |
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| 237 | 237 | | linked to illicit actors from enjoying the benefits 10 |
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| 238 | 238 | | of access to the territory, markets or financial 11 |
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| 239 | 239 | | system of the United States, and halting any 12 |
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| 240 | 240 | | such ongoing activity by such foreign persons; 13 |
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| 241 | 241 | | (C) combating related impunity afforded to 14 |
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| 242 | 242 | | illicit actors by addressing corruption in govern-15 |
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| 243 | 243 | | ment institutions; and 16 |
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| 244 | 244 | | (D) supporting the capacity of financial in-17 |
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| 245 | 245 | | telligence units, customs agencies, and other 18 |
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| 246 | 246 | | government institutions focused on anti-money 19 |
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| 247 | 247 | | laundering initiatives and combating the financ-20 |
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| 248 | 248 | | ing of criminal activities and terrorism to exer-21 |
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| 249 | 249 | | cise oversight consistent with the threats posed 22 |
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| 250 | 250 | | by illicit gold mining; 23 |
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| 253 | 253 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 254 | 254 | | (4) to build the capacity of foreign civilian law 1 |
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| 255 | 255 | | enforcement institutions in the Western Hemisphere 2 |
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| 256 | 256 | | to effectively counter— 3 |
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| 257 | 257 | | (A) linkages between illicit gold mining, il-4 |
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| 258 | 258 | | licit actors, money laundering, and other finan-5 |
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| 259 | 259 | | cial crimes, including trade-based money laun-6 |
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| 260 | 260 | | dering; 7 |
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| 261 | 261 | | (B) linkages between illicit gold mining, il-8 |
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| 262 | 262 | | licit actors, trafficking in persons, and forced or 9 |
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| 263 | 263 | | coerced labor, including sex work and child 10 |
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| 264 | 264 | | labor; 11 |
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| 265 | 265 | | (C) the cross-border trafficking of illicit 12 |
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| 266 | 266 | | gold, and the mercury, cyanide, explosives, and 13 |
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| 267 | 267 | | other hazardous materials used in illicit gold 14 |
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| 268 | 268 | | mining; and 15 |
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| 269 | 269 | | (D) surveillance and investigation of illicit 16 |
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| 270 | 270 | | and related activities that are related to or are 17 |
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| 271 | 271 | | indicators of illicit gold mining activities; 18 |
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| 272 | 272 | | (5) to ensure the successful implementation of 19 |
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| 273 | 273 | | the existing Memoranda of Understanding signed 20 |
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| 274 | 274 | | with the Governments of Peru and of Colombia in 21 |
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| 275 | 275 | | 2017 and 2018, respectively, to expand bilateral co-22 |
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| 276 | 276 | | operation to combat illicit gold mining; 23 |
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| 277 | 277 | | (6) to work with governments in the Western 24 |
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| 278 | 278 | | Hemisphere, bolster the effectiveness of anti-money 25 |
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| 281 | 281 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 282 | 282 | | laundering efforts to combat the financing of illicit 1 |
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| 283 | 283 | | actors in Latin America and the Caribbean and 2 |
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| 284 | 284 | | counter the laundering of proceeds related to illicit 3 |
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| 285 | 285 | | gold mining by— 4 |
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| 286 | 286 | | (A) fostering international and regional co-5 |
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| 287 | 287 | | operation and facilitating intelligence sharing, 6 |
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| 288 | 288 | | as appropriate, to identify and disrupt financial 7 |
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| 289 | 289 | | flows related to the illicit gold mining, traf-8 |
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| 290 | 290 | | ficking, and commercialization of gold and 9 |
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| 291 | 291 | | other minerals and illicit metals; and 10 |
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| 292 | 292 | | (B) supporting the formulation of strate-11 |
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| 293 | 293 | | gies to ensure the compliance of reporting insti-12 |
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| 294 | 294 | | tutions involved in the mining sector and to 13 |
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| 295 | 295 | | promote transparency in mining-sector trans-14 |
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| 296 | 296 | | actions; 15 |
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| 297 | 297 | | (7) to support foreign government efforts— 16 |
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| 298 | 298 | | (A) to facilitate licensing and formalization 17 |
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| 299 | 299 | | processes for ASM miners; 18 |
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| 300 | 300 | | (B) to develop mechanisms to support reg-19 |
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| 301 | 301 | | ulated cultural artisanal mining and artisanal 20 |
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| 302 | 302 | | mining as a job growth area; and 21 |
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| 303 | 303 | | (C) to implement existing environmental 22 |
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| 304 | 304 | | standards; 23 |
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| 307 | 307 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 308 | 308 | | (8) to engage the mining industry to encourage 1 |
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| 309 | 309 | | the building of technical expertise in best practices 2 |
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| 310 | 310 | | and access to new technologies; 3 |
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| 311 | 311 | | (9) to support the establishment of gold com-4 |
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| 312 | 312 | | modity supply chain due diligence, responsible 5 |
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| 313 | 313 | | sourcing, tracing and tracking capacities, and stand-6 |
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| 314 | 314 | | ards-compliant commodity certification systems in 7 |
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| 315 | 315 | | countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, in-8 |
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| 316 | 316 | | cluding efforts recommended in the OECD Due Dili-9 |
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| 317 | 317 | | gence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of 10 |
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| 318 | 318 | | Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High Risk 11 |
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| 319 | 319 | | Areas, Third Edition (2016); 12 |
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| 320 | 320 | | (10) to engage with civil society to reduce the 13 |
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| 321 | 321 | | negative environmental impacts of ASM, particu-14 |
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| 322 | 322 | | larly— 15 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (A) the use of mercury in preliminary re-16 |
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| 324 | 324 | | fining; 17 |
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| 325 | 325 | | (B) the destruction of tropical forests; 18 |
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| 326 | 326 | | (C) the construction of illegal and unregu-19 |
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| 327 | 327 | | lated dams and the resulting valley floods; 20 |
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| 328 | 328 | | (D) the pollution of water resources and 21 |
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| 329 | 329 | | soil; and 22 |
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| 330 | 330 | | (E) the release of dust, which can contain 23 |
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| 331 | 331 | | toxic chemicals and heavy metals that can cause 24 |
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| 332 | 332 | | severe health problems; 25 |
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| 335 | 335 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 336 | 336 | | (11) to aid and encourage ASM miners— 1 |
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| 337 | 337 | | (A) to formalize their business activities, 2 |
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| 338 | 338 | | including through skills training, technical and 3 |
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| 339 | 339 | | business assistance, and access to financing, 4 |
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| 340 | 340 | | loans, and credit; 5 |
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| 341 | 341 | | (B) to utilize mercury-free gold refining 6 |
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| 342 | 342 | | technologies and mining methods that minimize 7 |
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| 343 | 343 | | deforestation, air pollution, and water and soil 8 |
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| 344 | 344 | | contamination; 9 |
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| 345 | 345 | | (C) to reduce the costs associated with for-10 |
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| 346 | 346 | | malization and compliance with mining regula-11 |
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| 347 | 347 | | tions; and 12 |
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| 348 | 348 | | (D) to fully break away from the influence 13 |
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| 349 | 349 | | of illicit actors who leverage the control of terri-14 |
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| 350 | 350 | | tory and use violence to extort miners and push 15 |
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| 351 | 351 | | them into illicit arrangements; 16 |
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| 352 | 352 | | (12) to interrupt the illicit gold trade in Nica-17 |
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| 353 | 353 | | ragua, including through the use of United States 18 |
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| 354 | 354 | | punitive measures against the government led by 19 |
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| 355 | 355 | | President Daniel Ortega and Vice-President Rosario 20 |
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| 356 | 356 | | Murillo and their collaborators pursuant to Execu-21 |
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| 357 | 357 | | tive Order 14088 (relating to taking additional steps 22 |
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| 358 | 358 | | to address the national emergency with respect to 23 |
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| 359 | 359 | | the situation in Nicaragua), which was issued on Oc-24 |
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| 360 | 360 | | tober 24, 2022; 25 |
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| 364 | 364 | | (13) to assist local journalists with investiga-1 |
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| 365 | 365 | | tions of illicit mining, trafficking, and commer-2 |
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| 366 | 366 | | cialization of gold and its supplies in the Western 3 |
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| 367 | 367 | | Hemisphere; and 4 |
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| 368 | 368 | | (14) to promote responsible sourcing and due 5 |
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| 369 | 369 | | diligence at all levels of gold supply chains. 6 |
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| 370 | 370 | | (c) A |
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| 371 | 371 | | SSESSMENT OF CHALLENGES.—The Strategy 7 |
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| 372 | 372 | | shall include an assessment of the challenges posed by, 8 |
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| 373 | 373 | | and policy recommendations to address— 9 |
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| 374 | 374 | | (1) linkages between ASM sector production 10 |
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| 375 | 375 | | and trade, particularly relating to gold, to the activi-11 |
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| 376 | 376 | | ties of illicit actors, including linkages that help to 12 |
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| 377 | 377 | | finance or enrich such illicit actors or abet their ac-13 |
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| 378 | 378 | | tivities; 14 |
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| 379 | 379 | | (2) linkages between illicit or grey market 15 |
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| 380 | 380 | | trade, and markets in gold and other metals or min-16 |
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| 381 | 381 | | erals and legal trade and commerce in such commod-17 |
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| 382 | 382 | | ities, notably with respect to activities that abet the 18 |
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| 383 | 383 | | entry of such commodities into legal commerce, in-19 |
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| 384 | 384 | | cluding— 20 |
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| 385 | 385 | | (A) illicit cross-border trafficking, includ-21 |
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| 386 | 386 | | ing with respect to goods, persons and illegal 22 |
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| 387 | 387 | | narcotics; 23 |
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| 388 | 388 | | (B) money-laundering; 24 |
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| 392 | 392 | | (C) the financing of illicit actors or their 1 |
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| 393 | 393 | | activities; and 2 |
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| 394 | 394 | | (D) the extralegal entry into the United 3 |
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| 395 | 395 | | States of— 4 |
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| 396 | 396 | | (i) metals or minerals, whether of 5 |
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| 397 | 397 | | legal foreign origin or not; and 6 |
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| 398 | 398 | | (ii) the proceeds of such metals or 7 |
|---|
| 399 | 399 | | minerals; 8 |
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| 400 | 400 | | (3) linkages between the illicit mining, traf-9 |
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| 401 | 401 | | ficking, and commercialization of gold, diamonds, 10 |
|---|
| 402 | 402 | | and precious metals and stones, and the financial 11 |
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| 403 | 403 | | and political activities of the regime of Nicola´s 12 |
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| 404 | 404 | | Maduro of Venezuela; 13 |
|---|
| 405 | 405 | | (4) factors that— 14 |
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| 406 | 406 | | (A) produce linkages between ASM miners 15 |
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| 407 | 407 | | and illicit actors, prompting some ASM miners 16 |
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| 408 | 408 | | to utilize mining practices that are environ-17 |
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| 409 | 409 | | mentally damaging and unsustainable, notably 18 |
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| 410 | 410 | | mining or related ore processing practices 19 |
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| 411 | 411 | | that— 20 |
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| 412 | 412 | | (i) involve the use of elemental mer-21 |
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| 413 | 413 | | cury; or 22 |
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| 414 | 414 | | (ii) result in labor, health, environ-23 |
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| 415 | 415 | | mental, and safety code infractions and 24 |
|---|
| 416 | 416 | | workplace hazards; and 25 |
|---|
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| 420 | 420 | | (B) lead some ASM miners to operate in 1 |
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| 421 | 421 | | the extralegal or poorly regulated informal sec-2 |
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| 422 | 422 | | tor, and often prevent such miners from im-3 |
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| 423 | 423 | | proving the socioeconomic status of themselves 4 |
|---|
| 424 | 424 | | and their families and communities, or hinder 5 |
|---|
| 425 | 425 | | their ability to formalize their operations, en-6 |
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| 426 | 426 | | hance their technical and business capacities, 7 |
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| 427 | 427 | | and access finance of fair market prices for 8 |
|---|
| 428 | 428 | | their output; 9 |
|---|
| 429 | 429 | | (5) mining-related trafficking in persons and 10 |
|---|
| 430 | 430 | | forced or coerced labor, including sex work and child 11 |
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| 431 | 431 | | labor; and 12 |
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| 432 | 432 | | (6) the use of elemental mercury and cyanide in 13 |
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| 433 | 433 | | ASM operations, including the technical aims and 14 |
|---|
| 434 | 434 | | scope of such usage and its impact on human health 15 |
|---|
| 435 | 435 | | and the environment, including flora, fauna, water 16 |
|---|
| 436 | 436 | | resources, soil, and air quality. 17 |
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| 437 | 437 | | (d) F |
|---|
| 438 | 438 | | OREIGNASSISTANCE.—The Strategy shall de-18 |
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| 439 | 439 | | scribe— 19 |
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| 440 | 440 | | (1) existing foreign assistance programs that 20 |
|---|
| 441 | 441 | | address elements of the Strategy; and 21 |
|---|
| 442 | 442 | | (2) additional foreign assistance resources need-22 |
|---|
| 443 | 443 | | ed to fully implement the Strategy. 23 |
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| 444 | 444 | | (e) S |
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| 445 | 445 | | UBMISSION.—Not later than 180 days after the 24 |
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| 446 | 446 | | date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-25 |
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| 449 | 449 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 450 | 450 | | mit the Strategy to the appropriate congressional commit-1 |
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| 451 | 451 | | tees. 2 |
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| 452 | 452 | | (f) S |
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| 453 | 453 | | EMIANNUALBRIEFINGS.—Not later than 180 3 |
|---|
| 454 | 454 | | days after submission of the Strategy, and semiannually 4 |
|---|
| 455 | 455 | | thereafter for the following 3 years, the Secretary of State, 5 |
|---|
| 456 | 456 | | or the Secretary’s designee, shall provide a briefing to the 6 |
|---|
| 457 | 457 | | appropriate congressional committees regarding the imple-7 |
|---|
| 458 | 458 | | mentation of the strategy, including efforts to leverage 8 |
|---|
| 459 | 459 | | international support and develop a public-private partner-9 |
|---|
| 460 | 460 | | ship to build responsible gold value chains with other gov-10 |
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| 461 | 461 | | ernments. 11 |
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| 462 | 462 | | SEC. 5. CLASSIFIED BRIEFING ON ILLICIT GOLD MINING IN 12 |
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| 463 | 463 | | VENEZUELA. 13 |
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| 464 | 464 | | Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-14 |
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| 465 | 465 | | ment of this Act, the Secretary of State, or the Secretary’s 15 |
|---|
| 466 | 466 | | designee, in coordination with the Director of National In-16 |
|---|
| 467 | 467 | | telligence, shall provide a classified briefing to the appro-17 |
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| 468 | 468 | | priate congressional committees, the Select Committee on 18 |
|---|
| 469 | 469 | | Intelligence of the Senate, and the Permanent Select Com-19 |
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| 470 | 470 | | mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives 20 |
|---|
| 471 | 471 | | that describes— 21 |
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| 472 | 472 | | (1) the activities related to illicit gold mining, 22 |
|---|
| 473 | 473 | | including the illicit mining, trafficking, and commer-23 |
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| 474 | 474 | | cialization of gold, inside Venezuelan territory car-24 |
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| 475 | 475 | | ried out by illicit actors, including defectors from the 25 |
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| 479 | 479 | | Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) 1 |
|---|
| 480 | 480 | | and members of the National Liberation Army 2 |
|---|
| 481 | 481 | | (ELN); and 3 |
|---|
| 482 | 482 | | (2) Venezuela’s illicit gold trade with foreign 4 |
|---|
| 483 | 483 | | governments, including the Government of the Re-5 |
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| 484 | 484 | | public of Turkey and the Government of the Islamic 6 |
|---|
| 485 | 485 | | Republic of Iran. 7 |
|---|
| 486 | 486 | | SEC. 6. INVESTIGATION OF THE ILLICIT GOLD TRADE IN 8 |
|---|
| 487 | 487 | | VENEZUELA. 9 |
|---|
| 488 | 488 | | The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Sec-10 |
|---|
| 489 | 489 | | retary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, and allied 11 |
|---|
| 490 | 490 | | and partner governments in the Western Hemisphere, 12 |
|---|
| 491 | 491 | | shall— 13 |
|---|
| 492 | 492 | | (1) lead a coordinated international effort to 14 |
|---|
| 493 | 493 | | carry out financial investigations to identify and 15 |
|---|
| 494 | 494 | | track assets taken from the people and institutions 16 |
|---|
| 495 | 495 | | in Venezuela that are linked to money laundering 17 |
|---|
| 496 | 496 | | and illicit activities, including mining-related activi-18 |
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| 497 | 497 | | ties, by sharing financial investigations intelligence, 19 |
|---|
| 498 | 498 | | as appropriate and as permitted by law; and 20 |
|---|
| 499 | 499 | | (2) provide technical assistance to help eligible 21 |
|---|
| 500 | 500 | | governments in Latin America establish legislative 22 |
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| 501 | 501 | | and regulatory frameworks capable of imposing and 23 |
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| 502 | 502 | | effectively implementing targeted sanctions on— 24 |
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| 506 | 506 | | (A) officials of the Maduro regime who are 1 |
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| 507 | 507 | | directly engaged in the illicit mining, traf-2 |
|---|
| 508 | 508 | | ficking, and commercialization of gold; and 3 |
|---|
| 509 | 509 | | (B) foreign persons engaged in the laun-4 |
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| 510 | 510 | | dering of illicit gold assets linked to designated 5 |
|---|
| 511 | 511 | | terrorist and drug trafficking organizations. 6 |
|---|
| 512 | 512 | | SEC. 7. LEVERAGING INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT. 7 |
|---|
| 513 | 513 | | In implementing the Strategy pursuant to section 4, 8 |
|---|
| 514 | 514 | | the President should direct United States representatives 9 |
|---|
| 515 | 515 | | accredited to relevant multilateral institutions and devel-10 |
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| 516 | 516 | | opment banks and United States ambassadors in the 11 |
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| 517 | 517 | | Western Hemisphere to use the influence of the United 12 |
|---|
| 518 | 518 | | States to foster international cooperation to achieve the 13 |
|---|
| 519 | 519 | | objectives of this Act, including— 14 |
|---|
| 520 | 520 | | (1) marshaling resources and political support; 15 |
|---|
| 521 | 521 | | and 16 |
|---|
| 522 | 522 | | (2) encouraging the development of policies and 17 |
|---|
| 523 | 523 | | consultation with key stakeholders to accomplish 18 |
|---|
| 524 | 524 | | such objectives and provisions. 19 |
|---|
| 525 | 525 | | SEC. 8. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TO BUILD RESPON-20 |
|---|
| 526 | 526 | | SIBLE GOLD VALUE CHAINS. 21 |
|---|
| 527 | 527 | | (a) B |
|---|
| 528 | 528 | | ESTPRACTICES.—The Secretary of State (re-22 |
|---|
| 529 | 529 | | ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’), in coordina-23 |
|---|
| 530 | 530 | | tion with the Governments of Colombia, of Ecuador, and 24 |
|---|
| 531 | 531 | | of Peru, and with other democratically-elected govern-25 |
|---|
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| 534 | 534 | | •S 799 IS |
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| 535 | 535 | | ments in the region, shall consult with the Government 1 |
|---|
| 536 | 536 | | of Switzerland regarding best practices developed through 2 |
|---|
| 537 | 537 | | the Swiss Better Gold Initiative (a public-private partner-3 |
|---|
| 538 | 538 | | ship that aims to improve transparency and traceability 4 |
|---|
| 539 | 539 | | in the international gold trade). 5 |
|---|
| 540 | 540 | | (b) I |
|---|
| 541 | 541 | | NGENERAL.—The Secretary shall coordinate 6 |
|---|
| 542 | 542 | | with the Governments of Colombia, of Ecuador, of Peru, 7 |
|---|
| 543 | 543 | | and of other democratically-elected governments in the re-8 |
|---|
| 544 | 544 | | gion determined by the Secretary to establish a public-pri-9 |
|---|
| 545 | 545 | | vate partnership to advance the best practices identified 10 |
|---|
| 546 | 546 | | pursuant to subsection (a), including supporting program-11 |
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| 547 | 547 | | ming in participating countries that will— 12 |
|---|
| 548 | 548 | | (1) support the ASM gold mining sector’s for-13 |
|---|
| 549 | 549 | | malization and compliance with the existing environ-14 |
|---|
| 550 | 550 | | mental and labor standards in participating coun-15 |
|---|
| 551 | 551 | | tries; 16 |
|---|
| 552 | 552 | | (2) increase awareness of access to financing 17 |
|---|
| 553 | 553 | | for ASM gold miners who are taking significant 18 |
|---|
| 554 | 554 | | steps to formalize their operations and comply with 19 |
|---|
| 555 | 555 | | the existing labor and environmental standards in 20 |
|---|
| 556 | 556 | | participating countries; 21 |
|---|
| 557 | 557 | | (3) enhance the traceability and support the es-22 |
|---|
| 558 | 558 | | tablishment of a certification process for ASM gold; 23 |
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| 559 | 559 | | (4) support a public relations campaign to pro-24 |
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| 560 | 560 | | mote responsibly-sourced gold; 25 |
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| 564 | 564 | | (5) include representatives of local civil society 1 |
|---|
| 565 | 565 | | to work towards soliciting the free and informed 2 |
|---|
| 566 | 566 | | consent of those living on lands with mining poten-3 |
|---|
| 567 | 567 | | tial; 4 |
|---|
| 568 | 568 | | (6) facilitate contact between vendors of respon-5 |
|---|
| 569 | 569 | | sibly-sourced gold and United States companies; and 6 |
|---|
| 570 | 570 | | (7) promote policies and practices in partici-7 |
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| 571 | 571 | | pating countries that are conducive to the formaliza-8 |
|---|
| 572 | 572 | | tion of ASM gold mining and promoting adherence 9 |
|---|
| 573 | 573 | | of ASM to internationally-recognized best practices 10 |
|---|
| 574 | 574 | | and standards. 11 |
|---|
| 575 | 575 | | (c) M |
|---|
| 576 | 576 | | EETING.—The Secretary or the Administrator 12 |
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| 577 | 577 | | of the United States Agency for International Develop-13 |
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| 578 | 578 | | ment, without delegation and in coordination with the gov-14 |
|---|
| 579 | 579 | | ernments of participating countries, should— 15 |
|---|
| 580 | 580 | | (1) host a meeting with senior representatives 16 |
|---|
| 581 | 581 | | of the private sector and international governmental 17 |
|---|
| 582 | 582 | | and nongovernmental partners; and 18 |
|---|
| 583 | 583 | | (2) make commitments to improve due diligence 19 |
|---|
| 584 | 584 | | and increase the responsible sourcing of gold. 20 |
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| 585 | 585 | | SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 21 |
|---|
| 586 | 586 | | Out of funds appropriated to the Department of 22 |
|---|
| 587 | 587 | | State for fiscal years 2025 and 2026, there is authorized 23 |
|---|
| 588 | 588 | | to be appropriated to the Department of State not more 24 |
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| 592 | 592 | | than $10,000,000 to implement the Legal Gold and Min-1 |
|---|
| 593 | 593 | | ing Partnership Strategy developed pursuant to section 4. 2 |
|---|
| 594 | 594 | | Æ |
|---|
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