| 1 | 1 | | II |
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| 2 | 2 | | 119THCONGRESS |
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| 3 | 3 | | 1 |
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| 4 | 4 | | STSESSION S. 841 |
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| 5 | 5 | | To require online dating service providers to provide fraud ban notifications |
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| 6 | 6 | | to online dating service members, and for other purposes. |
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| 7 | 7 | | IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES |
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| 8 | 8 | | MARCH4, 2025 |
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| 9 | 9 | | Mrs. B |
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| 10 | 10 | | LACKBURN(for herself and Mr. HICKENLOOPER) introduced the fol- |
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| 11 | 11 | | lowing bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Com- |
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| 12 | 12 | | merce, Science, and Transportation |
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| 13 | 13 | | A BILL |
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| 14 | 14 | | To require online dating service providers to provide fraud |
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| 15 | 15 | | ban notifications to online dating service members, and |
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| 16 | 16 | | for other purposes. |
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| 17 | 17 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1 |
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| 18 | 18 | | tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 |
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| 19 | 19 | | SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 |
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| 20 | 20 | | This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Romance Scam Pre-4 |
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| 21 | 21 | | vention Act’’. 5 |
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| 22 | 22 | | SEC. 2. ONLINE DATING SAFETY. 6 |
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| 23 | 23 | | (a) F |
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| 24 | 24 | | RAUDBANNOTIFICATION.— 7 |
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| 25 | 25 | | (1) I |
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| 26 | 26 | | N GENERAL.—An online dating service pro-8 |
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| 27 | 27 | | vider shall provide to a member of the online dating 9 |
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| 29 | 29 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 2 |
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| 30 | 30 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 31 | 31 | | service a fraud ban notification if the member has 1 |
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| 32 | 32 | | received a message through the online dating service 2 |
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| 33 | 33 | | from a banned member of the online dating service. 3 |
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| 34 | 34 | | (2) R |
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| 35 | 35 | | EQUIRED CONTENTS .—A fraud ban notifi-4 |
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| 36 | 36 | | cation under paragraph (1) shall include the fol-5 |
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| 37 | 37 | | lowing: 6 |
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| 38 | 38 | | (A) The username or other profile identi-7 |
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| 39 | 39 | | fier of the banned member, as well as the most 8 |
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| 40 | 40 | | recent time when the member to whom the noti-9 |
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| 41 | 41 | | fication is being provided sent or received a 10 |
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| 42 | 42 | | message through the online dating service to or 11 |
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| 43 | 43 | | from the banned member. 12 |
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| 44 | 44 | | (B) A statement, as applicable, that the 13 |
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| 45 | 45 | | banned member identified in subparagraph (A) 14 |
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| 46 | 46 | | may have been using a false identity or at-15 |
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| 47 | 47 | | tempting to defraud members. 16 |
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| 48 | 48 | | (C) A statement that a member should not 17 |
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| 49 | 49 | | send cash or another form of currency or per-18 |
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| 50 | 50 | | sonal financial information to another member. 19 |
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| 51 | 51 | | (D) Information regarding best practices 20 |
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| 52 | 52 | | to avoid online fraud or being defrauded by a 21 |
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| 53 | 53 | | member of an online dating service, which may 22 |
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| 54 | 54 | | be provided through a link to another web page 23 |
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| 55 | 55 | | or disclosure. 24 |
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| 57 | 57 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 3 |
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| 58 | 58 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 59 | 59 | | (E) Contact information to reach the cus-1 |
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| 60 | 60 | | tomer service department of the online dating 2 |
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| 61 | 61 | | service provider. 3 |
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| 62 | 62 | | (3) M |
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| 63 | 63 | | ANNER AND TIMING.— 4 |
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| 64 | 64 | | (A) M |
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| 65 | 65 | | ANNER.—A fraud ban notification 5 |
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| 66 | 66 | | under paragraph (1) shall be— 6 |
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| 67 | 67 | | (i) clear and conspicuous; and 7 |
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| 68 | 68 | | (ii) provided by email, text message, 8 |
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| 69 | 69 | | or, if consented to by the member receiving 9 |
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| 70 | 70 | | the fraud ban notification, other appro-10 |
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| 71 | 71 | | priate means of communication. 11 |
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| 72 | 72 | | (B) T |
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| 73 | 73 | | IMING.— 12 |
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| 74 | 74 | | (i) I |
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| 75 | 75 | | N GENERAL.—Except as provided 13 |
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| 76 | 76 | | in clauses (ii) and (iii), an online dating 14 |
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| 77 | 77 | | service provider shall provide a fraud ban 15 |
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| 78 | 78 | | notification under paragraph (1) not later 16 |
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| 79 | 79 | | than 24 hours after the fraud ban is initi-17 |
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| 80 | 80 | | ated against the banned member. 18 |
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| 81 | 81 | | (ii) D |
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| 82 | 82 | | ELAY BASED ON JUDGMENT OF 19 |
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| 83 | 83 | | PROVIDER.—If, in the judgment of the on-20 |
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| 84 | 84 | | line dating service provider, the cir-21 |
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| 85 | 85 | | cumstances require a fraud ban notifica-22 |
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| 86 | 86 | | tion under paragraph (1) to be provided 23 |
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| 87 | 87 | | after the 24-hour period described in 24 |
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| 88 | 88 | | clause (i), the online dating service pro-25 |
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| 90 | 90 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 4 |
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| 91 | 91 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 92 | 92 | | vider shall, except as provided in clause 1 |
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| 93 | 93 | | (iii), provide the notification not later than 2 |
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| 94 | 94 | | 3 days after the day on which the fraud 3 |
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| 95 | 95 | | ban is initiated against the banned mem-4 |
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| 96 | 96 | | ber. 5 |
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| 97 | 97 | | (iii) D |
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| 98 | 98 | | ELAY UPON REQUEST OF LAW 6 |
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| 99 | 99 | | ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL .—If, due to an 7 |
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| 100 | 100 | | ongoing investigation, a law enforcement 8 |
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| 101 | 101 | | official requests an online dating service 9 |
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| 102 | 102 | | provider to delay providing a fraud ban no-10 |
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| 103 | 103 | | tification under paragraph (1) beyond the 11 |
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| 104 | 104 | | time when the notification is required to be 12 |
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| 105 | 105 | | provided under clause (i) or (ii), the online 13 |
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| 106 | 106 | | dating service provider— 14 |
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| 107 | 107 | | (I) may not provide the notifica-15 |
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| 108 | 108 | | tion before the end of the period of 16 |
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| 109 | 109 | | delay (including any extension of such 17 |
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| 110 | 110 | | period) requested by the law enforce-18 |
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| 111 | 111 | | ment official; and 19 |
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| 112 | 112 | | (II) shall provide the notification 20 |
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| 113 | 113 | | not later than 3 days after the last 21 |
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| 114 | 114 | | day of the period of delay (including 22 |
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| 115 | 115 | | any extension of such period) re-23 |
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| 116 | 116 | | quested by the law enforcement offi-24 |
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| 117 | 117 | | cial. 25 |
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| 119 | 119 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 5 |
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| 120 | 120 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 121 | 121 | | (4) LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.—An online dat-1 |
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| 122 | 122 | | ing service provider is not liable to a person in a 2 |
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| 123 | 123 | | civil action based on any of the following: 3 |
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| 124 | 124 | | (A) The manner of communication used 4 |
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| 125 | 125 | | under paragraph (3)(A) to provide a fraud ban 5 |
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| 126 | 126 | | notification to a member under paragraph (1). 6 |
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| 127 | 127 | | (B) The timing of a fraud ban notification 7 |
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| 128 | 128 | | under paragraph (3)(B) provided to a member 8 |
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| 129 | 129 | | under paragraph (1). 9 |
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| 130 | 130 | | (C) The disclosure of information in a 10 |
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| 131 | 131 | | fraud ban notification provided under para-11 |
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| 132 | 132 | | graph (1). 12 |
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| 133 | 133 | | (b) E |
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| 134 | 134 | | NFORCEMENT.— 13 |
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| 135 | 135 | | (1) E |
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| 136 | 136 | | NFORCEMENT BY THE COMMISSION .— 14 |
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| 137 | 137 | | (A) U |
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| 138 | 138 | | NFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRAC -15 |
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| 139 | 139 | | TICES.—A violation of this section or a regula-16 |
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| 140 | 140 | | tion promulgated under this section shall be 17 |
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| 141 | 141 | | treated as a violation of a rule defining an un-18 |
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| 142 | 142 | | fair or deceptive act or practice under section 19 |
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| 143 | 143 | | 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission 20 |
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| 144 | 144 | | Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)). 21 |
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| 145 | 145 | | (B) P |
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| 146 | 146 | | OWERS OF COMMISSION .— 22 |
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| 147 | 147 | | (i) I |
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| 148 | 148 | | N GENERAL.—The Commission 23 |
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| 149 | 149 | | shall enforce this section in the same man-24 |
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| 150 | 150 | | ner, by the same means, and with the 25 |
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| 152 | 152 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 6 |
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| 153 | 153 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 154 | 154 | | same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as 1 |
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| 155 | 155 | | though all applicable terms and provisions 2 |
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| 156 | 156 | | of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 3 |
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| 157 | 157 | | U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into 4 |
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| 158 | 158 | | and made a part of this section, 5 |
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| 159 | 159 | | (ii) P |
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| 160 | 160 | | RIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES .— 6 |
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| 161 | 161 | | Any person who violates this section shall 7 |
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| 162 | 162 | | be subject to the penalties and entitled to 8 |
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| 163 | 163 | | the privileges and immunities provided in 9 |
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| 164 | 164 | | the Federal Trade Commission Act. 10 |
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| 165 | 165 | | (iii) A |
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| 166 | 166 | | UTHORITY PRESERVED .—Noth-11 |
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| 167 | 167 | | ing in this section may be construed to 12 |
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| 168 | 168 | | limit the authority of the Commission 13 |
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| 169 | 169 | | under any other provision of law. 14 |
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| 170 | 170 | | (2) E |
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| 171 | 171 | | NFORCEMENT BY STATES .— 15 |
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| 172 | 172 | | (A) I |
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| 173 | 173 | | N GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-16 |
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| 174 | 174 | | graph (B), in any case in which the attorney 17 |
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| 175 | 175 | | general of a State has reason to believe that an 18 |
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| 176 | 176 | | interest of the residents of the State has been 19 |
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| 177 | 177 | | or is threatened or adversely affected by the en-20 |
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| 178 | 178 | | gagement of any person in an act or practice 21 |
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| 179 | 179 | | that violates this section, the attorney general 22 |
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| 180 | 180 | | of the State may, as parens patriae, bring a 23 |
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| 181 | 181 | | civil action on behalf of the residents of the 24 |
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| 183 | 183 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 7 |
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| 184 | 184 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 185 | 185 | | State in an appropriate district court of the 1 |
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| 186 | 186 | | United States to obtain appropriate relief. 2 |
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| 187 | 187 | | (B) R |
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| 188 | 188 | | IGHTS OF THE COMMISSION .— 3 |
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| 189 | 189 | | (i) N |
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| 190 | 190 | | OTICE TO THE COMMISSION .— 4 |
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| 191 | 191 | | (I) I |
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| 192 | 192 | | N GENERAL.—Except as pro-5 |
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| 193 | 193 | | vided in subclause (III), before initi-6 |
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| 194 | 194 | | ating a civil action under subpara-7 |
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| 195 | 195 | | graph (A), the attorney general of a 8 |
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| 196 | 196 | | State shall notify the Commission in 9 |
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| 197 | 197 | | writing that the attorney general in-10 |
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| 198 | 198 | | tends to bring such civil action. 11 |
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| 199 | 199 | | (II) C |
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| 200 | 200 | | ONTENTS.—The notifica-12 |
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| 201 | 201 | | tion required by subclause (I) shall in-13 |
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| 202 | 202 | | clude a copy of the complaint to be 14 |
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| 203 | 203 | | filed to initiate the civil action. 15 |
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| 204 | 204 | | (III) E |
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| 205 | 205 | | XCEPTION.—If it is not 16 |
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| 206 | 206 | | feasible for the attorney general of a 17 |
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| 207 | 207 | | State to provide the notification re-18 |
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| 208 | 208 | | quired by subclause (I) before initi-19 |
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| 209 | 209 | | ating a civil action under subpara-20 |
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| 210 | 210 | | graph (A), the attorney general shall 21 |
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| 211 | 211 | | notify the Commission immediately 22 |
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| 212 | 212 | | upon instituting the civil action. 23 |
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| 213 | 213 | | (ii) I |
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| 214 | 214 | | NTERVENTION BY THE COMMIS -24 |
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| 215 | 215 | | SION.—Upon receiving the notice required 25 |
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| 217 | 217 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 8 |
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| 218 | 218 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 219 | 219 | | by clause (i)(I), the Commission may inter-1 |
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| 220 | 220 | | vene in the civil action and, upon inter-2 |
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| 221 | 221 | | vening— 3 |
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| 222 | 222 | | (I) be heard on all matters aris-4 |
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| 223 | 223 | | ing in the civil action; and 5 |
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| 224 | 224 | | (II) file petitions for appeal of a 6 |
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| 225 | 225 | | decision in the civil action. 7 |
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| 226 | 226 | | (C) L |
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| 227 | 227 | | IMITATION ON STATE ACTION WHILE 8 |
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| 228 | 228 | | FEDERAL ACTION IS PENDING .—If the Commis-9 |
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| 229 | 229 | | sion has instituted a civil action for a violation 10 |
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| 230 | 230 | | of this section or a regulation promulgated 11 |
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| 231 | 231 | | under this section, no attorney general of a 12 |
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| 232 | 232 | | State may bring an action under subparagraph 13 |
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| 233 | 233 | | (A) during the pendency of that action against 14 |
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| 234 | 234 | | any defendant named in the complaint of the 15 |
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| 235 | 235 | | Commission for any violation of this section or 16 |
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| 236 | 236 | | a regulation promulgated under this section al-17 |
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| 237 | 237 | | leged in the complaint. 18 |
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| 238 | 238 | | (D) R |
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| 239 | 239 | | ULE OF CONSTRUCTION .—For pur-19 |
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| 240 | 240 | | poses of bringing a civil action under this sub-20 |
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| 241 | 241 | | section, nothing in this subsection may be con-21 |
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| 242 | 242 | | strued to prevent the attorney general of a 22 |
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| 243 | 243 | | State from exercising the powers conferred on 23 |
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| 244 | 244 | | the attorney general by the laws of the State to 24 |
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| 245 | 245 | | conduct investigations, to administer oaths or 25 |
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| 247 | 247 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 9 |
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| 248 | 248 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 249 | 249 | | affirmations, or to compel the attendance of 1 |
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| 250 | 250 | | witnesses or the production of documentary or 2 |
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| 251 | 251 | | other evidence. 3 |
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| 252 | 252 | | (E) A |
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| 253 | 253 | | CTIONS BY OTHER STATE OFFI -4 |
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| 254 | 254 | | CIALS.—In addition to a civil action brought by 5 |
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| 255 | 255 | | an attorney general under subparagraph (A), 6 |
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| 256 | 256 | | any other consumer protection officer of a State 7 |
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| 257 | 257 | | who is authorized by the State to do so may 8 |
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| 258 | 258 | | bring a civil action under subparagraph (A), 9 |
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| 259 | 259 | | subject to the same requirements and limita-10 |
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| 260 | 260 | | tions that apply under this paragraph to a civil 11 |
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| 261 | 261 | | action brought by an attorney general. 12 |
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| 262 | 262 | | (c) O |
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| 263 | 263 | | NENATIONALSTANDARD.— 13 |
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| 264 | 264 | | (1) I |
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| 265 | 265 | | N GENERAL.—A State, or political subdivi-14 |
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| 266 | 266 | | sion thereof, may not maintain, enforce, prescribe, 15 |
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| 267 | 267 | | or continue in effect any law, rule, regulation, re-16 |
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| 268 | 268 | | quirement, standard, or other provision having the 17 |
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| 269 | 269 | | force and effect of law of the State, or political sub-18 |
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| 270 | 270 | | division of the State, that requires an online dating 19 |
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| 271 | 271 | | service provider to notify, prohibits an online dating 20 |
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| 272 | 272 | | service provider from notifying, or otherwise affects 21 |
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| 273 | 273 | | the manner in which an online dating service pro-22 |
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| 274 | 274 | | vider is required or permitted to notify, a member 23 |
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| 275 | 275 | | of the online dating service that the member has re-24 |
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| 276 | 276 | | ceived a message from or sent a message to a mem-25 |
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| 278 | 278 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 10 |
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| 279 | 279 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 280 | 280 | | ber whose account or profile on the online dating 1 |
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| 281 | 281 | | service is the subject of a fraud ban through the on-2 |
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| 282 | 282 | | line dating service. 3 |
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| 283 | 283 | | (2) R |
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| 284 | 284 | | ULE OF CONSTRUCTION .—This subsection 4 |
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| 285 | 285 | | may not be construed to preempt any law of a State 5 |
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| 286 | 286 | | or political subdivision of a State relating to con-6 |
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| 287 | 287 | | tracts or torts. 7 |
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| 288 | 288 | | (d) D |
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| 289 | 289 | | EFINITIONS.—In this section: 8 |
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| 290 | 290 | | (1) B |
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| 291 | 291 | | ANNED MEMBER .—The term ‘‘banned 9 |
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| 292 | 292 | | member’’ means a member of an online dating serv-10 |
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| 293 | 293 | | ice whose account or profile on the online dating 11 |
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| 294 | 294 | | service is the subject of a fraud ban. 12 |
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| 295 | 295 | | (2) C |
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| 296 | 296 | | OMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 13 |
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| 297 | 297 | | means the Federal Trade Commission. 14 |
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| 298 | 298 | | (3) F |
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| 299 | 299 | | RAUD BAN.—The term ‘‘fraud ban’’ means 15 |
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| 300 | 300 | | the termination or suspension of the account or pro-16 |
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| 301 | 301 | | file of a member of an online dating service because, 17 |
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| 302 | 302 | | in the judgment of the online dating service pro-18 |
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| 303 | 303 | | vider, there is a significant risk the member will at-19 |
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| 304 | 304 | | tempt to obtain cash or another form of currency 20 |
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| 305 | 305 | | from another member through fraudulent means. 21 |
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| 306 | 306 | | (4) M |
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| 307 | 307 | | EMBER.—The term ‘‘member’’ means an 22 |
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| 308 | 308 | | individual who— 23 |
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| 309 | 309 | | (A) submits to an online dating service 24 |
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| 310 | 310 | | provider the information required by the pro-25 |
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| 312 | 312 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB 11 |
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| 313 | 313 | | •S 841 IS |
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| 314 | 314 | | vider to establish an account or profile on the 1 |
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| 315 | 315 | | online dating service; and 2 |
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| 316 | 316 | | (B) is allowed by the provider to establish 3 |
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| 317 | 317 | | such an account or profile. 4 |
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| 318 | 318 | | (5) O |
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| 319 | 319 | | NLINE DATING SERVICE .—The term ‘‘on-5 |
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| 320 | 320 | | line dating service’’ means a service that— 6 |
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| 321 | 321 | | (A) is provided through a website or a mo-7 |
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| 322 | 322 | | bile application; and 8 |
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| 323 | 323 | | (B) offers members access to dating or ro-9 |
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| 324 | 324 | | mantic relationships with other members by ar-10 |
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| 325 | 325 | | ranging or facilitating the social introduction of 11 |
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| 326 | 326 | | members. 12 |
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| 327 | 327 | | (6) O |
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| 328 | 328 | | NLINE DATING SERVICE PROVIDER .—The 13 |
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| 329 | 329 | | term ‘‘online dating service provider’’ means a per-14 |
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| 330 | 330 | | son engaged in the business of offering an online 15 |
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| 331 | 331 | | dating service. 16 |
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| 332 | 332 | | (7) S |
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| 333 | 333 | | TATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each 17 |
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| 334 | 334 | | State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 18 |
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| 335 | 335 | | each commonwealth, territory, or possession of the 19 |
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| 336 | 336 | | United States, and each federally recognized Indian 20 |
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| 337 | 337 | | Tribe. 21 |
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| 338 | 338 | | (e) E |
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| 339 | 339 | | FFECTIVEDATE.—This section shall take effect 22 |
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| 340 | 340 | | on the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment 23 |
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| 341 | 341 | | of this Act. 24 |
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| 342 | 342 | | Æ |
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| 344 | 344 | | kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB |
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