II
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION S. 894
To amend the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 to protect civil
rights and otherwise prevent meaningful harm to third parties, and
for other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MARCH6, 2025
Mr. B
OOKER(for himself, Mr. VANHOLLEN, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Mr.
H
ICKENLOOPER, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Ms. CORTEZMASTO, Mr. WELCH,
Ms. B
ALDWIN, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. SCHIFF, Ms. SMITH, Ms. HIRONO, Mr.
S
ANDERS, Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mr. MARKEY, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. PADILLA,
Mr. H
EINRICH, Mr. REED, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. FETTERMAN, and Ms.
W
ARREN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred
to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILL
To amend the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993
to protect civil rights and otherwise prevent meaningful
harm to third parties, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Do No Harm Act’’. 4
VerDate Sep 11 2014 20:57 Mar 19, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S894.IS S894
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 2
•S 894 IS
SEC. 2. EXCEPTION FROM APPLICATION OF ACT WHERE 1
FEDERAL LAW PREVENTS HARM TO OTHERS. 2
Section 3 of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act 3
of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb–1) is amended by adding at 4
the end the following: 5
‘‘(d) A
DDITIONALEXCEPTIONFROMAPPLICATION 6
OFACTWHEREFEDERALLAWPREVENTSHARM TO 7
O
THERS.—Subsections (a), (b), and (c) do not apply to— 8
‘‘(1) any provision of law or its implementation 9
that provides for or requires— 10
‘‘(A) a protection against discrimination or 11
the promotion of equal opportunity, including 12
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000a 13
et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 14
1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), the Family 15
and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 16
2601 et seq.), and the Violence Against Women 17
Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12291 et seq.); 18
‘‘(B) an employer to provide a wage, other 19
compensation, or a benefit, including leave, or 20
a standard protecting collective activity in the 21
workplace; 22
‘‘(C) a protection against child labor, child 23
abuse, or child exploitation; or 24
VerDate Sep 11 2014 20:57 Mar 19, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S894.IS S894
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 3
•S 894 IS
‘‘(D) access to, information about, a refer-1
ral for, provision of, or coverage for, any health 2
care item or service; 3
‘‘(2) any term of a government contract, grant, 4
cooperative agreement, or other award, that provides 5
funds directly or indirectly, and that requires a 6
good, service, function, or activity to be performed 7
for or provided to a beneficiary of or a participant 8
in a program or activity funded, directly or indi-9
rectly, by a government contract, grant, cooperative 10
agreement, or other award; or 11
‘‘(3) the extent that application would result in 12
denying a person the full and equal enjoyment of a 13
good, service, benefit, facility, privilege, advantage, 14
or accommodation provided by the government.’’. 15
SEC. 3. CLARIFICATION OF PRECLUSION OF LITIGATION 16
BETWEEN PRIVATE PARTIES. 17
(a) P
URPOSE.—The purpose of the amendment made 18
by subsection (b) is to clarify the applicability of the Reli-19
gious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 20
2000bb et seq.). 21
(b) P
RECLUSION.—Section 3(c) of the Religious 22
Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb– 23
1(c)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘judi-24
cial proceeding’’ and all that follows through the first pe-25
VerDate Sep 11 2014 20:57 Mar 19, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S894.IS S894
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 4
•S 894 IS
riod and inserting ‘‘judicial proceeding to which a govern-1
ment is a party and obtain appropriate relief against that 2
government.’’. 3
Æ
VerDate Sep 11 2014 20:57 Mar 19, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\S894.IS S894
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS