Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SB933 Compare Versions

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Old	New	Differences
1	1	II
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION S. 933
5	5	To authorize programs for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
6	6	for fiscal year 2025, and for other purposes.
7	7	IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
8	8	MARCH11 (legislative day, MARCH10), 2025
9	9	Mr. C
10	10	RUZ(for himself, Ms. CANTWELL, Mr. MORAN, Mr. PETERS, Mr.
11	11	S
12	12	CHMITT, Mr. LUJA´N, and Ms. DUCKWORTH) introduced the following
13	13	bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce,
14	14	Science, and Transportation
15	15	A BILL
16	16	To authorize programs for the National Aeronautics and
17	17	Space Administration for fiscal year 2025, and for other
18	18	purposes.
19	19	Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
20	20	tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
21	21	SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3
22	22	(a) S
23	23	HORTTITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 4
24	24	‘‘NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2025’’. 5
25	25	(b) T
26	26	ABLE OFCONTENTS.—The table of contents for 6
27	27	this Act is as follows: 7
28	28	Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
29	29	Sec. 2. Definitions.
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33	33	TITLE I—AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
34	34	Sec. 101. Authorization of NASA for fiscal year 2025.
35	35	TITLE II—EXPLORATION
36	36	Sec. 201. Continuity of purpose for space exploration.
37	37	Sec. 202. Artemis program.
38	38	Sec. 203. Reaffirmation of the Space Launch System.
39	39	Sec. 204. Human-rated lunar landing capabilities.
40	40	Sec. 205. Advanced spacesuit capabilities.
41	41	TITLE III—SPACE OPERATIONS
42	42	Sec. 301. Maximizing United States presence in low-Earth orbit.
43	43	Sec. 302. Commercial Low-Earth Orbit Development Program.
44	44	Sec. 303. Transition to a commercially led low-Earth orbit economy.
45	45	Sec. 304. Nongovernmental missions on the International Space Station.
46	46	Sec. 305. Brief on suborbital crew missions.
47	47	Sec. 306. Lunar communications.
48	48	Sec. 307. Celestial time standardization.
49	49	TITLE IV—SPACE TECHNOLOGY
50	50	Sec. 401. Space Technology Mission Directorate.
51	51	Sec. 402. SBIR phase II flexibility.
52	52	Sec. 403. Sense of Congress on cryogenic fluid valve technology review.
53	53	TITLE V—AERONAUTICS
54	54	Sec. 501. Definitions.
55	55	Sec. 502. Hypersonic research.
56	56	Sec. 503. Advanced materials and manufacturing technology.
57	57	Sec. 504. Unmanned aircraft system and advanced air mobility.
58	58	Sec. 505. Advanced capabilities for emergency response operations.
59	59	Sec. 506. Hydrogen aviation.
60	60	Sec. 507. High-performance chase aircraft.
61	61	Sec. 508. Collaboration with academia.
62	62	TITLE VI—SCIENCE
63	63	Sec. 601. Maintaining a balanced science portfolio.
64	64	Sec. 602. Implementation of science mission cost caps.
65	65	Sec. 603. Reexamination of decadal surveys.
66	66	Sec. 604. Landsat.
67	67	Sec. 605. Commercial satellite data.
68	68	Sec. 606. Planetary science portfolio.
69	69	Sec. 607. Planetary defense.
70	70	Sec. 608. Lunar discovery and exploration.
71	71	Sec. 609. Commercial lunar payload services.
72	72	Sec. 610. Planetary and lunar operations.
73	73	Sec. 611. Mars sample return.
74	74	Sec. 612. Heliophysics research.
75	75	Sec. 613. Geospace dynamics constellation.
76	76	Sec. 614. Nancy Grace Roman Telescope.
77	77	Sec. 615. Chandra X-ray Observatory.
78	78	TITLE VII—STEM EDUCATION
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82	82	Sec. 701. National space grant college and fellowship program.
83	83	Sec. 702. Skilled technical workforce education outreach.
84	84	TITLE VIII—NASA POLICY
85	85	Sec. 801. NASA advisory council.
86	86	Sec. 802. NASA assessment of early cost estimates.
87	87	Sec. 803. Authority for production contracts following other transaction proto-
88	88	type projects.
89	89	Sec. 804. Role of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in com-
90	90	mercial space activities.
91	91	Sec. 805. Restriction on Federal funds relating to certain Chinese space and
92	92	scientific activities.
93	93	Sec. 806. Findings relating to contract flexibility.
94	94	Sec. 807. GAO report.
95	95	Sec. 808. NASA public-private talent program.
96	96	Sec. 809. Mentoring.
97	97	Sec. 810. Drinking water well replacement for Chincoteague, Virginia.
98	98	Sec. 811. Passenger carrier use for astronaut transportation.
99	99	Sec. 812. Rule of construction.
100	100	SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
101	101	1
102	102	In this Act: 2
103	103	(1) A
104	104	DMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-3
105	105	trator’’ means the Administrator of the National 4
106	106	Aeronautics and Space Administration. 5
107	107	(2) A
108	108	PPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON -6
109	109	GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-7
110	110	gress’’ means— 8
111	111	(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 9
112	112	and Transportation of the Senate; and 10
113	113	(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 11
114	114	Technology of the House of Representatives. 12
115	115	(3) C
116	116	ISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘‘cislunar 13
117	117	space’’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 14
118	118	orbit out to and including the region around the sur-15
119	119	face of the Moon. 16
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123	123	(4) COMMERCIAL PROVIDER .—The term ‘‘com-1
124	124	mercial provider’’ means any person providing space 2
125	125	services or space-related capabilities, primary control 3
126	126	of which is held by persons other than the Federal 4
127	127	Government, a State or local government, or a for-5
128	128	eign government. 6
129	129	(5) C
130	130	ONTINUOUS HUMAN PRESENCE ; CONTIN-7
131	131	UOUS PRESENCE.—The terms ‘‘continuous human 8
132	132	presence’’ and ‘‘continuous presence’’ mean the 9
133	133	maintenance by the United States of the presence, 10
134	134	in low-Earth orbit on 1 or more space stations on 11
135	135	a permanent, on-going basis, of not fewer than— 12
136	136	(A) 1 government astronaut; or 13
137	137	(B) 1 astronaut sponsored by the United 14
138	138	States Government. 15
139	139	(6) D
140	140	EEP SPACE.—The term ‘‘deep space’’ 16
141	141	means the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit 17
142	142	that includes cislunar space. 18
143	143	(7) G
144	144	OVERNMENT ASTRONAUT .—The term 19
145	145	‘‘government astronaut’’ has the meaning given such 20
146	146	term in section 50902 of title 51, United States 21
147	147	Code. 22
148	148	(8) ISS.—The term ‘‘ISS’’ means the Inter-23
149	149	national Space Station. 24
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153	153	(9) LOW-EARTH ORBIT.—The term ‘‘low-Earth 1
154	154	orbit’’ means the area encompassing Earth-centered 2
155	155	orbits at an altitude not more than 1,200 miles 3
156	156	(2,000 kilometers). 4
157	157	(10) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the 5
158	158	National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 6
159	159	(11) O
160	160	RION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the 7
161	161	multipurpose crew vehicle described in section 303 of 8
162	162	the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 9
163	163	Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 10
164	164	(12) S
165	165	PACE LAUNCH SYSTEM .—The term 11
166	166	‘‘Space Launch System’’ means the Space Launch 12
167	167	System authorized under section 302 of the National 13
168	168	Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization 14
169	169	Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322). 15
170	170	TITLE I—AUTHORIZATION OF 16
171	171	APPROPRIATIONS 17
172	172	SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF NASA FOR FISCAL YEAR 2025. 18
173	173	For fiscal year 2025, there is authorized to be appro-19
174	174	priated to NASA $25,507,540,000 as follows: 20
175	175	(1) For the Exploration Systems Development 21
176	176	Mission Directorate, $7,648,200,000. 22
177	177	(2) For the Space Operations Mission Direc-23
178	178	torate, $4,473,500,000. 24
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182	182	(3) For the Space Technology Mission Direc-1
183	183	torate, $1,181,800,000. 2
184	184	(4) For the Science Mission Directorate, 3
185	185	$7,575,700,000. 4
186	186	(5) For the Aeronautics Research Mission Di-5
187	187	rectorate, $965,800,000. 6
188	188	(6) For the Office of STEM Engagement, 7
189	189	$143,500,000. 8
190	190	(7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 9
191	191	$3,044,440,000. 10
192	192	(8) For Construction and Environmental Com-11
193	193	pliance and Restoration, $424,100,000. 12
194	194	(9) For Inspector General, $50,500,000. 13
195	195	TITLE II—EXPLORATION 14
196	196	SEC. 201. CONTINUITY OF PURPOSE FOR SPACE EXPLO-15
197	197	RATION. 16
198	198	(a) F
199	199	INDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-17
200	200	ings: 18
201	201	(1) NASA continues to make progress in devel-19
202	202	oping and testing the Space Launch System, Orion, 20
203	203	and associated ground systems, including through 21
204	204	the successful completion of the Artemis I mission in 22
205	205	November 2022 and through continued preparations 23
206	206	for the Artemis II crewed flight demonstration mis-24
207	207	sion. 25
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211	211	(2) The number of spacefaring countries is in-1
212	212	creasing, and foreign countries have expanded activi-2
213	213	ties for space exploration efforts, including efforts to 3
214	214	explore and use the Moon through human and 4
215	215	robotic missions. 5
216	216	(3) A strong and ambitious space exploration 6
217	217	program conducted with international and commer-7
218	218	cial partners is important to maintaining United 8
219	219	States leadership in space and enhancing United 9
220	220	States international competitiveness. 10
221	221	(4) Clear mission objectives that tie to concrete, 11
222	222	long-term programmatic goals provide a measure to 12
223	223	ensure accountability, enhance public support for ex-13
224	224	ploration missions, and provide a clear signal of 14
225	225	commitment to both international and domestic 15
226	226	partners. 16
227	227	(b) C
228	228	ONTINUITY OF EXISTINGCAPABILITIES AND 17
229	229	P
230	230	ROGRAMS.— 18
231	231	(1) As part of the human exploration activities 19
232	232	of the Administration, including progress on Artemis 20
233	233	missions and activities, the Administrator shall con-21
234	234	tinue development of space exploration elements pur-22
235	235	suant to section 10811 of the National Aeronautics 23
236	236	and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 24
237	237	(Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20302). 25
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241	241	(2) The Administrator shall leverage the private 1
242	242	sector for logistical services to the extent practical, 2
243	243	consistent with the Moon to Mars architecture re-3
244	244	quirements and in accordance with section 50131 of 4
245	245	title 51, United States Code. 5
246	246	(3) Congress reaffirms the sense of Congress to 6
247	247	maintain continuity of purpose as described in sec-7
248	248	tion 201 of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-8
249	249	ministration Transition Authorization Act of 2017 9
250	250	(Public Law 115–10; 131 Stat. 21). 10
251	251	SEC. 202. ARTEMIS PROGRAM. 11
252	252	(a) F
253	253	INDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-12
254	254	ings: 13
255	255	(1) Exploration of outer space, including explo-14
256	256	ration of the lunar surface and cislunar space, pro-15
257	257	vides benefits and economic opportunity, including 16
258	258	by inspiring future generations and expanding the 17
259	259	science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 18
260	260	workforce needed to sustain United States leader-19
261	261	ship in science, space, and technology. 20
262	262	(2) The lunar south pole is home to shadowed 21
263	263	craters that may contain water ice and other 22
264	264	volatiles. Understanding the nature of lunar polar 23
265	265	volatiles, such as water ice, would advance science 24
266	266	related to the origin and evolution of volatiles in the 25
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270	270	inner solar system and could facilitate the long-term 1
271	271	future of space exploration. Water ice lunar re-2
272	272	sources have the potential to become an enabling 3
273	273	component of future space exploration missions 4
274	274	throughout the solar system, including crewed mis-5
275	275	sions to Mars. 6
276	276	(3) Other countries have demonstrated techno-7
277	277	logical advances and successful robotic missions for 8
278	278	lunar exploration and have announced credible plans 9
279	279	for long-term human exploration of the Moon that 10
280	280	include the intent to establish lunar bases. 11
281	281	(4) United States leadership of and measurable 12
282	282	progress on the exploration of deep space is essential 13
283	283	for guiding development of norms related to oper-14
284	284	ations on and around the Moon and for other space 15
285	285	destinations. 16
286	286	(5) It is in the national interest of the United 17
287	287	States to hold a leadership role in discussions of fu-18
288	288	ture norms governing activities in space, including 19
289	289	those on the lunar surface and in cislunar space. 20
290	290	(b) R
291	291	EQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out activities to 21
292	292	enable Artemis missions under the Moon to Mars Program 22
293	293	set forth in section 10811 of the National Aeronautics and 23
294	294	Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 (Public 24
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298	298	Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note), the Administrator 1
299	299	shall— 2
300	300	(1) use relevant elements set forth in section 3
301	301	10811(b)(2)(B) of the National Aeronautics and 4
302	302	Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 5
303	303	(Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note); 6
304	304	(2) continue to ensure that the elements under 7
305	305	paragraph (1) enable the human exploration of 8
306	306	Mars, consistent with section 10811(b)(2)(C)(i) of 9
307	307	the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 10
308	308	Authorization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167; 51 11
309	309	U.S.C. 20302 note); 12
310	310	(3) engage with international partners, as ap-13
311	311	propriate, in a manner that is consistent with sec-14
312	312	tion 10811(b)(2)(C) the National Aeronautics and 15
313	313	Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 16
314	314	(Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note), and 17
315	315	that increases redundancy, efficiency, and cost sav-18
316	316	ings; and 19
317	317	(4) leverage capabilities provided by United 20
318	318	States commercial providers, as appropriate and 21
319	319	practicable. 22
320	320	(c) U
321	321	NITEDSTATESCOMMERCIALPROVIDERCAPA-23
322	322	BILITIES INSUPPORT OF LUNAREXPLORATIONEF-24
323	323	FORTS.—The Administrator may enter into agreements 25
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327	327	with United States commercial providers or engage in pub-1
328	328	lic-private partnerships to procure capabilities and services 2
329	329	to support the human exploration of the Moon or cislunar 3
330	330	space. 4
331	331	SEC. 203. REAFFIRMATION OF THE SPACE LAUNCH SYS-5
332	332	TEM. 6
333	333	(a) I
334	334	NGENERAL.—Congress reaffirms— 7
335	335	(1) support for the full development of capabili-8
336	336	ties of the Space Launch System as set forth in sec-9
337	337	tion 302(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space 10
338	338	Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 11
339	339	U.S.C. 18322(c)); and 12
340	340	(2) its commitment to the flight rate of the in-13
341	341	tegrated Space Launch System and Orion crew vehi-14
342	342	cle missions set forth in section 10812(b) of the Na-15
343	343	tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-16
344	344	thorization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167; 51 17
345	345	U.S.C. 20301 note). 18
346	346	(b) B
347	347	RIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 19
348	348	date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 20
349	349	provide the appropriate committees of Congress with a 21
350	350	briefing on NASA’s progress towards achieving the flight 22
351	351	rate referred to in subsection (a)(2) and the expected 23
352	352	launch of the integrated Space Launch System and Orion 24
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356	356	crew vehicle missions after which such cadence shall be 1
357	357	achieved. 2
358	358	SEC. 204. HUMAN-RATED LUNAR LANDING CAPABILITIES. 3
359	359	(a) R
360	360	EAFFIRMATION.—Congress reaffirms that the 4
361	361	Moon to Mars program set forth in section 10811 of the 5
362	362	National Aeronautics and Space Administration Author-6
363	363	ization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 7
364	364	20302 note) shall include human-rated lunar landing sys-8
365	365	tems. 9
366	366	(b) H
367	367	UMAN-RATEDLUNARLANDINGCAPABILI-10
368	368	TIES.— 11
369	369	(1) I
370	370	N GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 12
371	371	support the development and demonstration of, and 13
372	372	shall obtain, human-rated lunar landing capabilities 14
373	373	to further the goals of the human exploration road-15
374	374	map under section 432 of the National Aeronautics 16
375	375	and Space Administration Transition Authorization 17
376	376	Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 18
377	377	note) and the Moon to Mars Program set forth in 19
378	378	section 10811 of the National Aeronautics and 20
379	379	Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 21
380	380	(Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note). 22
381	381	(2) R
382	382	ELEVANT REQUIREMENTS .—The Adminis-23
383	383	trator shall ensure that such human-rated lunar 24
384	384	landing capabilities meet all relevant requirements, 25
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388	388	including requirements of the Moon to Mars pro-1
389	389	gram, and for human-rating and certification. 2
390	390	(3) U
391	391	NITED STATES COMMERCIAL PROVIDER .— 3
392	392	Any commercial provider from which the Adminis-4
393	393	trator obtains human-rated lunar landing capabili-5
394	394	ties must be a United States commercial provider. 6
395	395	(4) D
396	396	UTIES OF ADMINISTRATOR .—In carrying 7
397	397	out paragraph (1)— 8
398	398	(A) the Administrator may include 9
399	399	uncrewed lunar landing services; and 10
400	400	(B) the Administrator shall, subject to the 11
401	401	availability of appropriations for such purpose, 12
402	402	seek to obtain capabilities from not fewer than 13
403	403	2 commercial providers. 14
404	404	SEC. 205. ADVANCED SPACESUIT CAPABILITIES. 15
405	405	(a) F
406	406	INDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 16
407	407	(1) Space suits and associated extravehicular 17
408	408	activity (EVA) technologies are critical exploration 18
409	409	technologies that are necessary for future human 19
410	410	deep space exploration efforts, including crewed mis-20
411	411	sions to the Moon. 21
412	412	(2) The NASA civil service workforce at the 22
413	413	Johnson Space Center provides unique capabilities 23
414	414	to design, integrate, and validate Space Suits and 24
415	415	associated EVA technologies. 25
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419	419	(3) Maintaining a strong NASA core com-1
420	420	petency in the design, development, manufacture, 2
421	421	and operation of space suits and related technologies 3
422	422	allows NASA to be an informed purchaser of com-4
423	423	petitively awarded commercial space suits and sub-5
424	424	components. 6
425	425	(4) According to a 2018 NASA Office of In-7
426	426	spector General (OIG) report, current EVAs space 8
427	427	suits, the Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs), 9
428	428	were developed in the late 1970s, are reaching the 10
429	429	end of their useful life, have experienced multiple 11
430	430	maintenance issues that threaten astronaut lives, 12
431	431	and no longer accommodate the varying sizes of a 13
432	432	diverse astronaut corps. 14
433	433	(5) The same NASA OIG report found that 15
434	434	‘‘manufacturers of several critical suit components, 16
435	435	including the very fibers of the suits, have now gone 17
436	436	out of business’’, which further reinforces the impor-18
437	437	tance of NASA’s role in maintaining a space suit 19
438	438	core competency and limiting the risk posed by out-20
439	439	sourcing key national capabilities. 21
440	440	(6) The private sector currently is developing 22
441	441	space suit capabilities. 23
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445	445	(7) Testing space suits and related technologies 1
446	446	on the International Space Station could reduce risk 2
447	447	and improve safety of such suits and technologies. 3
448	448	(b) R
449	449	EQUIREMENT.—The Administrator shall obtain 4
450	450	advanced spacesuit capabilities necessary to achieve the 5
451	451	goals of NASA’s human spaceflight exploration programs. 6
452	452	(c) E
453	453	LIGIBILITY.—Any commercial provider from 7
454	454	which the Administrator obtains advanced spaceflight ca-8
455	455	pabilities shall be a United States commercial provider. 9
456	456	(d) P
457	457	RESERVINGSPACESUITEXPERTISE.— 10
458	458	(1) In carrying out subsection (b), NASA shall 11
459	459	maintain the internal expertise necessary to develop 12
460	460	space suits for both extravehicular activity and sur-13
461	461	face operations, including through partnerships with 14
462	462	the private sector. 15
463	463	(2) The Johnson Space Center shall continue to 16
464	464	manage NASA’s spacesuit and extravehicular activ-17
465	465	ity programs. 18
466	466	(e) B
467	467	RIEFING.— 19
468	468	(1) I
469	469	N GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 20
470	470	after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Ad-21
471	471	ministrator shall provide the appropriate committees 22
472	472	of Congress with a briefing on NASA’s plans for— 23
473	473	(A) in-space testing of advanced spacesuit 24
474	474	capabilities, including— 25
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478	478	(i) space suit tests that shall be con-1
479	479	ducted in microgravity in low-Earth orbit; 2
480	480	and 3
481	481	(ii) space suit tests that shall be con-4
482	482	ducted on the International Space Station 5
483	483	before decommissioning of the Inter-6
484	484	national Space Station; 7
485	485	(B) transitioning from existing spacesuits 8
486	486	in use on the International Space Station to use 9
487	487	of advanced spacesuit capabilities; 10
488	488	(C) future use of advanced spacesuit capa-11
489	489	bilities by government astronauts with any non-12
490	490	governmental platform in low-Earth orbit that 13
491	491	is certified for use by the Administration for 14
492	492	government astronauts; and 15
493	493	(D) disposition of retired spacesuits used 16
494	494	on the Space Shuttle or the International Space 17
495	495	Station. 18
496	496	(2) E
497	497	LEMENTS.—The briefing required by 19
498	498	paragraph (1) shall include— 20
499	499	(A) a detailed justification of compliance 21
500	500	with section 30301 of title 51, United States 22
501	501	Code; and 23
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505	505	(B) a detailed certification and justifica-1
506	506	tion of compliance with section 50503 of title 2
507	507	51, United States Code. 3
508	508	TITLE III—SPACE OPERATIONS 4
509	509	SEC. 301. MAXIMIZING UNITED STATES PRESENCE IN LOW- 5
510	510	EARTH ORBIT. 6
511	511	(a) S
512	512	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-7
513	513	gress that— 8
514	514	(1) it is in the national and economic security, 9
515	515	foreign policy, and scientific interests of the United 10
516	516	States to maintain a continuous presence in low- 11
517	517	Earth orbit; 12
518	518	(2) low-Earth orbit include a mix of crewed and 13
519	519	uncrewed capabilities; 14
520	520	(3) low-Earth orbit should be used to advance 15
521	521	human space exploration, scientific discoveries, and 16
522	522	United States economic competitiveness and com-17
523	523	mercial participation; and 18
524	524	(4) until the date on which a commercial low- 19
525	525	Earth orbit destination capability achieves an initial 20
526	526	operating capability, it is in the national and eco-21
527	527	nomic security, foreign policy, and scientific interests 22
528	528	of the United States to maintain and support the 23
529	529	International Space Station in the same effective 24
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533	533	manner that has made the International Space Sta-1
534	534	tion successful for many years. 2
535	535	(b) C
536	536	ONTINUOUS HUMANPRESENCEREQUIRE-3
537	537	MENT.—The Administrator shall maintain the capability 4
538	538	for a continuous human presence to advance human space 5
539	539	exploration, scientific discoveries, international coopera-6
540	540	tion and United States economic competitiveness and com-7
541	541	mercial participation in low-Earth orbit through and be-8
542	542	yond the useful life of the International Space Station. 9
543	543	(c) C
544	544	OMMERCIALLOW-EARTHORBITDEVELOPMENT 10
545	545	P
546	546	ROGRAM.— 11
547	547	(1) I
548	548	N GENERAL.—The Administrator may es-12
549	549	tablish, within the Space Operations Mission Direc-13
550	550	torate, a Commercial Low-Earth Orbit Development 14
551	551	Program for the purpose of procuring, from 1 or 15
552	552	more United States commercial providers, services to 16
553	553	support activities described in subsection (b) in low- 17
554	554	Earth orbit, as appropriate and practicable. 18
555	555	(2) C
556	556	ONSOLIDATION.—In establishing a pro-19
557	557	gram under paragraph (1), the Administrator may, 20
558	558	as appropriate and practicable, consolidate programs 21
559	559	of other National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-22
560	560	tration centers that support such activities. 23
561	561	(d) P
562	562	ROPERSUPPORT.— 24
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566	566	(1) IN GENERAL.—To adequately maintain the 1
567	567	effective use of the International Space Station, the 2
568	568	Administrator shall, subject to the availability of ap-3
569	569	propriations, seek to maintain the same average 4
570	570	number and frequency of commercial crew and cargo 5
571	571	flights, tempo of operations and crew size, and re-6
572	572	search throughput until such time as 1 or more com-7
573	573	mercial space stations is capable of providing serv-8
574	574	ices to the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-9
575	575	tration. 10
576	576	(2) M
577	577	ANAGED TRANSITION.— 11
578	578	(A) I
579	579	N GENERAL.—When 1 or more com-12
580	580	mercial space stations is capable of providing 13
581	581	services to the National Aeronautics and Space 14
582	582	Administration, the Administrator shall begin 15
583	583	the process of an orderly, managed transition of 16
584	584	operations from the International Space Station 17
585	585	to commercial providers in such a way as to 18
586	586	maintain a continuous human presence. 19
587	587	(B) M
588	588	IXED PORTFOLIO.—In transitioning 20
589	589	operations under subparagraph (A), the Admin-21
590	590	istrator shall seek to maintain the same average 22
591	591	number and frequency of commercial crew and 23
592	592	cargo flights to, and tempo of operations and 24
593	593	crew size and research throughput in, low- 25
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596	596	•S 933 IS
597	597	Earth orbit, managed across a portfolio that in-1
598	598	cludes the International Space Station and 1 or 2
599	599	more commercial space stations. 3
600	600	(3) D
601	601	E-ORBIT VEHICLE.— 4
602	602	(A) I
603	603	N GENERAL.—The Administrator 5
604	604	shall develop a de-orbit vehicle for the eventual 6
605	605	decommissioning of the International Space 7
606	606	Station. 8
607	607	(B) A
608	608	NNUAL REPORT.—Not less frequently 9
609	609	than annually until the date on which the ISS 10
610	610	is decommissioned, the Administrator shall in-11
611	611	clude, in the budget justification materials sub-12
612	612	mitted to Congress in support of the budget of 13
613	613	the President for a fiscal year pursuant to sec-14
614	614	tion 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a re-15
615	615	port that— 16
616	616	(i) contains a description of the an-17
617	617	nual and lifecycle costs for activities re-18
618	618	lated to the de-orbit of the International 19
619	619	Space Station; and 20
620	620	(ii) describes the manner in which 21
621	621	such costs are shared among ISS partners. 22
622	622	(e) W
623	623	AIVER.— 23
624	624	(1) I
625	625	N GENERAL.—The Administrator may 24
626	626	waive the application of subsections (b) and (d) if 25
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630	630	the Administrator determines that technical issues 1
631	631	exist that prohibit the continued safe and effective 2
632	632	operation of the International Space Station, includ-3
633	633	ing issues with crew and cargo flights. 4
634	634	(2) N
635	635	OTIFICATION.—The Administrator shall 5
636	636	notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 6
637	637	Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 7
638	638	Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 8
639	639	Representatives of the exercise of a waiver authority 9
640	640	under paragraph (1). 10
641	641	SEC. 302. COMMERCIAL LOW-EARTH ORBIT DEVELOPMENT 11
642	642	PROGRAM. 12
643	643	(a) C
644	644	ONTINUOUSCREWPRESENCE ANDACTIVITY.— 13
645	645	The Administrator shall use commercial low-Earth orbit 14
646	646	destinations to ensure the continuous presence of United 15
647	647	States Government crew to advance human space explo-16
648	648	ration, scientific discoveries, and United States economic 17
649	649	competitiveness and commercial participation in low-Earth 18
650	650	orbit. 19
651	651	(b) S
652	652	UPPORT AND FUNDING.—The Administrator, 20
653	653	subject to the availability of appropriations, shall support 21
654	654	and fund the Commercial Low-Earth Orbit Development 22
655	655	Program to provide a commercially supported follow-on 23
656	656	capability to the International Space Station. 24
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660	660	(c) DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIALLOW-EARTH 1
661	661	O
662	662	RBITDESTINATIONS.— 2
663	663	(1) S
664	664	OLICITATION.— 3
665	665	(A) I
666	666	N GENERAL.—The Administrator 4
667	667	shall issue a solicitation using full and open 5
668	668	competition to identify commercial entities ca-6
669	669	pable of providing services to the National Aer-7
670	670	onautics and Space Administration on commer-8
671	671	cial destinations in low-Earth orbit. 9
672	672	(B) R
673	673	EQUIREMENTS.—Not later than April 10
674	674	30, 2025, the Administrator shall release a doc-11
675	675	ument outlining the requirements for a com-12
676	676	mercial destination in low-Earth orbit to facili-13
677	677	tate the development of a request for proposal 14
678	678	for services to be provided to National Aero-15
679	679	nautics and Space Administration. 16
680	680	(C) F
681	681	INAL REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL .—Not 17
682	682	later than September 30, 2025, the Adminis-18
683	683	trator shall make available the final request for 19
684	684	proposal to solicit industry proposals for such 20
685	685	services. 21
686	686	(2) S
687	687	ELECTION.— 22
688	688	(A) I
689	689	N GENERAL.—Not later than March 23
690	690	31, 2026, the Administrator shall select from 24
691	691	among commercial entities that submit a pro-25
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695	695	posal in response to the solicitation under para-1
696	696	graph (1), subject to the availability of meri-2
697	697	torious proposals and appropriations, 2 or more 3
698	698	commercial low-Earth orbit destinations to be 4
699	699	developed, with the goal of establishing, not 5
700	700	later than December 31, 2030, not fewer than 6
701	701	1 such destination capable of— 7
702	702	(i) providing safe, efficient, and reli-8
703	703	able operations for continuous human pres-9
704	704	ence in low-Earth orbit; and 10
705	705	(ii) offering such services to the Na-11
706	706	tional Aeronautics and Space Administra-12
707	707	tion. 13
708	708	(B) U
709	709	SE OF FUNDS.—Funds provided by 14
710	710	the Administrator to the Commercial Low- 15
711	711	Earth Orbit Development Program shall be 16
712	712	used to support the selection described in sub-17
713	713	paragraph (A). 18
714	714	(d) T
715	715	RANSITIONPERIOD.—The Administrator may 19
716	716	not de-orbit the International Space Station until the date 20
717	717	on which a commercial low-Earth orbit destination space 21
718	718	station has reached initial operational capability in low- 22
719	719	Earth orbit, in accordance with the managed transition 23
720	720	process described in section 301(d)(2). 24
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724	724	(e) WAIVER.—The Administrator may waive the ap-1
725	725	plication of subsection (d) if— 2
726	726	(1) the Administrator determines that technical 3
727	727	issues exist that prohibit the safe and effective oper-4
728	728	ation of the International Space Station; or 5
729	729	(2) a commercial system is capable of providing 6
730	730	safe, efficient, and reliable operations for National 7
731	731	Aeronautics and Space Administration missions, in-8
732	732	cluding not fewer than 2 mission-related flights. 9
733	733	SEC. 303. TRANSITION TO A COMMERCIALLY LED LOW- 10
734	734	EARTH ORBIT ECONOMY. 11
735	735	(a) S
736	736	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-12
737	737	gress that— 13
738	738	(1) the transition from the International Space 14
739	739	Station to commercial destinations to support a con-15
740	740	tinuous human presence in low-Earth orbit is in the 16
741	741	national and economic security interests of the 17
742	742	United States; and 18
743	743	(2) the United States should— 19
744	744	(A) facilitate partnerships between the 20
745	745	Federal Government, international partners, 21
746	746	and the commercial space sector, including 22
747	747	through the purchase of commercial low-Earth 23
748	748	orbit services, to ensure the evolution of an eco-24
749	749	system with private sector development of new 25
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753	753	technologies, hardware, processes, capabilities, 1
754	754	and other commercial low-Earth orbit service 2
755	755	offerings; and 3
756	756	(B) continue to consider private sector pro-4
757	757	posals that further the development of the low- 5
758	758	Earth orbit economy in which the National Aer-6
759	759	onautics and Space Administration is one of 7
760	760	many customers. 8
761	761	(b) A
762	762	UTHORIZATION.—The Administrator shall au-9
763	763	thorize activities on the International Space Station and 10
764	764	within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 11
765	765	that develop infrastructure, hardware, processes, capabili-12
766	766	ties, technologies, and personnel to enable the development 13
767	767	of commercial low-Earth orbit destinations and a United 14
768	768	States-led low-Earth orbit economy. 15
769	769	(c) C
770	770	OMMERCIALACTIVITIES.—The Administrator 16
771	771	may permit the use of the International Space Station, 17
772	772	in a manner consistent with the policy and purposes of 18
773	773	the Administration under section 20102 of title 51, United 19
774	774	States Code— 20
775	775	(1) to carry out the activities described in sub-21
776	776	section (b); and 22
777	777	(2) to conduct— 23
778	778	(A) science and technology research with 24
779	779	commercial applications; and 25
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782	782	•S 933 IS
783	783	(B) marketing and sponsorship of services 1
784	784	and products on a cost-reimbursable basis. 2
785	785	(d) R
786	786	EPORTS.—Section 50111 of title 51, United 3
787	787	States Code, is amended by striking subsection (c) and 4
788	788	inserting the following: 5
789	789	‘‘(c) L
790	790	OW-EARTHORBITTRANSITIONPLAN.— 6
791	791	‘‘(1) I
792	792	N GENERAL.—The Administrator, in co-7
793	793	ordination with the ISS management entity (as de-8
794	794	fined in section 2 of the National Aeronautics and 9
795	795	Space Administration Transition Authorization Act 10
796	796	of 2017 (Public Law 115–10)), the commercial low- 11
797	797	Earth orbit management entity, the commercial crew 12
798	798	management entity, International Space Station 13
799	799	partners, and the scientific user community shall de-14
800	800	velop a plan to transition from the current regime 15
801	801	that relies heavily on Administration sponsorship to 16
802	802	a regime where the United States Government is one 17
803	803	of many customers of a low-Earth orbit nongovern-18
804	804	mental human space flight enterprise. 19
805	805	‘‘(2) B
806	806	RIEFING.—Not later than April 1, 2025, 20
807	807	and annually thereafter until the date on which the 21
808	808	International Space Station has de-orbited and not 22
809	809	fewer than 1 commercial destination supports a con-23
810	810	tinuous presence in low-Earth orbit, the Adminis-24
811	811	trator shall provide the Committee on Commerce, 25
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815	815	Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 1
816	816	Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 2
817	817	House of Representatives with a briefing that in-3
818	818	cludes— 4
819	819	‘‘(A) an evaluation of the service life of the 5
820	820	International Space Station through 2030, as a 6
821	821	unique scientific, commercial, and space explo-7
822	822	ration-related facility, including— 8
823	823	‘‘(i) the cost associated with extending 9
824	824	the service life of the International Space 10
825	825	Station through 2030; 11
826	826	‘‘(ii) an assessment of the technical 12
827	827	limiting factors of the service life of the 13
828	828	International Space Station; and 14
829	829	‘‘(iii) such other information as may 15
830	830	be necessary to fully describe the justifica-16
831	831	tion for and feasibility of extending the 17
832	832	service life of the International Space Sta-18
833	833	tion, including the potential scientific or 19
834	834	technological benefits to the Federal Gov-20
835	835	ernment, the public, or academic or com-21
836	836	mercial entities; 22
837	837	‘‘(B) an identification of barriers to the de-23
838	838	velopment and commercialization of the low- 24
839	839	Earth orbit economy, including potential policy, 25
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843	843	regulatory frameworks, research security proto-1
844	844	cols, and intellectual property and data protec-2
845	845	tion laws, that could prohibit— 3
846	846	‘‘(i) commercial research and develop-4
847	847	ment on the International Space Station; 5
848	848	or 6
849	849	‘‘(ii) expansion of a userbase, other 7
850	850	than the Administration, for commercial 8
851	851	destinations in low-Earth orbit; 9
852	852	‘‘(C) the steps the Administration is taking 10
853	853	to eliminate barriers described in subparagraph 11
854	854	(B); 12
855	855	‘‘(D) an identification of the necessary ac-13
856	856	tions and an estimate of the costs to de-orbit 14
857	857	the International Space Station at the end of 15
858	858	its service life; 16
859	859	‘‘(E) the status of the actions identified 17
860	860	under subparagraph (D); 18
861	861	‘‘(F) the impact on the Commercial Low- 19
862	862	Earth Orbit Development Program, the Moon 20
863	863	to Mars program, and any other human explo-21
864	864	ration program of extending the service life of 22
865	865	International Space Station beyond 2030; 23
866	866	‘‘(G) a summary of the status of the tran-24
867	867	sition from the International Space Station to 25
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870	870	•S 933 IS
871	871	commercial destinations in low-Earth orbit, in-1
872	872	cluding— 2
873	873	‘‘(i) the status of the prospects for ac-3
874	874	complishing future mission requirements, 4
875	875	space exploration objectives, recommenda-5
876	876	tions and schedules under the current Na-6
877	877	tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 7
878	878	and Medicine Decadal Survey on Biological 8
879	879	and Physical Sciences in Space, and other 9
880	880	research objectives to maintain United 10
881	881	States leadership in scientific and commer-11
882	882	cial discovery on future commercially led 12
883	883	low-Earth orbit platforms or migration of 13
884	884	such objectives to cis-lunar space (as de-14
885	885	fined in section 2 of the National Aero-15
886	886	nautics and Space Administration Transi-16
887	887	tion Authorization Act of 2017 (Public 17
888	888	Law 115–10); 18
889	889	‘‘(ii) a description of the commercial 19
890	890	low-Earth orbit destination services pro-20
891	891	curement strategy, including status of the 21
892	892	commercial low-Earth orbit destination 22
893	893	procurement timeline and the schedule for 23
894	894	attaining operational capacity of such des-24
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897	897	•S 933 IS
898	898	tinations after contract awards are made; 1
899	899	and 2
900	900	‘‘(iii) a description and schedule of 3
901	901	major milestones and the manner in which 4
902	902	such milestones relate to de-orbiting the 5
903	903	International Space Station; and 6
904	904	‘‘(H) an evaluation of the functions, roles, 7
905	905	and responsibilities for management and oper-8
906	906	ation of the Commercial Low-Earth Orbit De-9
907	907	velopment Program, including an identification 10
908	908	of— 11
909	909	‘‘(i) such functions, roles, and respon-12
910	910	sibilities the Federal Government could re-13
911	911	tain during and at the end of the transi-14
912	912	tion from the International Space Station 15
913	913	to commercial destinations; 16
914	914	‘‘(ii) such functions, roles, and respon-17
915	915	sibilities that would be transferred to the 18
916	916	commercial space sector; 19
917	917	‘‘(iii) the metrics that would indicate 20
918	918	the readiness and ability of the commercial 21
919	919	space sector to assume the functions, roles, 22
920	920	and responsibilities identified under clause 23
921	921	(ii); and 24
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925	925	‘‘(iv) any legislative changes, and any 1
926	926	changes to any agreement or other docu-2
927	927	ment, necessary to enable the mission re-3
928	928	quirements, objectives, steps identified 4
929	929	under subparagraph (C), and recommenda-5
930	930	tions and schedules described in subpara-6
931	931	graph (G)(i). 7
932	932	‘‘(3) L
933	933	OW-EARTH ORBIT DEFINED .—In this 8
934	934	subsection, the term ‘low-Earth orbit’ means the 9
935	935	area encompassing Earth-centered orbits at an alti-10
936	936	tude not more than 1,200 miles (2,000 kilo-11
937	937	meters).’’. 12
938	938	SEC. 304. NONGOVERNMENTAL MISSIONS ON THE INTER-13
939	939	NATIONAL SPACE STATION. 14
940	940	(a) S
941	941	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-15
942	942	gress that— 16
943	943	(1) nongovernmental missions involving crew or 17
944	944	spaceflight participants on the International Space 18
945	945	Station carried out, as appropriate, pursuant to 19
946	946	NASA policies and procedures, and Federal Govern-20
947	947	ment laws and regulations, can provide lessons and 21
948	948	learning experiences for both government and non-22
949	949	government entities to inform the development of fu-23
950	950	ture commercial low-Earth orbit platforms and a 24
951	951	low-Earth orbit economy; and 25
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955	955	(2) the Administrator should share lessons 1
956	956	learned from nongovernmental missions on the 2
957	957	International Space Station to advance the commer-3
958	958	cial human spaceflight industry, to promote the safe-4
959	959	ty of future commercial low-Earth orbit platforms, 5
960	960	and to inform the evolution of policies guiding such 6
961	961	activities in low-Earth orbit. 7
962	962	(b) N
963	963	ONGOVERNMENTAL MISSIONS ON THEISS.— 8
964	964	The Administrator may enter into 1 or more agreements 9
965	965	to enable 1 or more United States commercial providers 10
966	966	to conduct nongovernmental missions on the International 11
967	967	Space Station pursuant to NASA policies and procedures, 12
968	968	and Federal government laws and regulations. 13
969	969	(c) D
970	970	EFINITIONS.—In this section, the terms ‘‘crew’’ 14
971	971	and ‘‘spaceflight participant’’ have the meanings given 15
972	972	such terms in section 50902 of title 51, United States 16
973	973	Code. 17
974	974	SEC. 305. BRIEF ON SUBORBITAL CREW MISSIONS. 18
975	975	Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-19
976	976	ment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide the ap-20
977	977	propriate committees of Congress with a briefing on the 21
978	978	costs, benefits, risks, training requirements, and policy or 22
979	979	legal implications, including liability matters, of launching 23
980	980	United States Government personnel on commercial sub-24
981	981	orbital vehicles. 25
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985	985	SEC. 306. LUNAR COMMUNICATIONS. 1
986	986	(a) F
987	987	INDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-2
988	988	ings: 3
989	989	(1) Reliable communication and navigation ca-4
990	990	pabilities are essential for sustainable human and 5
991	991	robotic exploration of the Moon. 6
992	992	(2) Fostering the development of commercial 7
993	993	capabilities can accelerate the deployment of lunar 8
994	994	communication and navigation services. 9
995	995	(b) A
996	996	UTHORIZATION.—The Administrator is author-10
997	997	ized to develop a robust and resilient architecture for lunar 11
998	998	communications and navigation to support the Adminis-12
999	999	tration’s human and robotic lunar exploration activities. 13
1000	1000	(c) S
1001	1001	TUDY ANDPLAN.—To inform the development 14
1002	1002	described in subsection (b), the Administrator shall con-15
1003	1003	duct a study and develop a plan— 16
1004	1004	(1) to enable interoperable communications and 17
1005	1005	navigation services for cislunar missions; 18
1006	1006	(2) to work with the private sector, other Fed-19
1007	1007	eral agencies, and, as appropriate, international 20
1008	1008	partners to establish technical standards, consistent 21
1009	1009	with section 12(d) of the National Technology 22
1010	1010	Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (Public Law 23
1011	1011	104–113), protocols, and interface requirements for 24
1012	1012	cislunar communications and navigation services and 25
1013	1013	systems; 26
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1017	1017	(3) to support NASA lunar activities; 1
1018	1018	(4) to leverage NASA’s space technology re-2
1019	1019	search, development, and demonstration activities re-3
1020	1020	lated to space communications and navigation; and 4
1021	1021	(5) to evaluate the opportunities, benefits, feasi-5
1022	1022	bility, and challenges of the potential use of commer-6
1023	1023	cial cislunar communication and navigation services, 7
1024	1024	as appropriate, by United States commercial pro-8
1025	1025	viders. 9
1026	1026	SEC. 307. CELESTIAL TIME STANDARDIZATION. 10
1027	1027	(a) S
1028	1028	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-11
1029	1029	gress that— 12
1030	1030	(1) United States leadership of a sustained 13
1031	1031	presence on the Moon and in deep space exploration 14
1032	1032	is important for advancing science, exploration, com-15
1033	1033	mercial growth, and international partnership; 16
1034	1034	(2) the Artemis and Moon to Mars program of 17
1035	1035	the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 18
1036	1036	will involve governmental, commercial, academic, and 19
1037	1037	international partners where there is a need for 20
1038	1038	interoperability between systems; 21
1039	1039	(3) the use of Coordinated Universal Time has 22
1040	1040	challenges when used beyond Earth at other celestial 23
1041	1041	bodies due to relativistic effects; 24
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1045	1045	(4) the United States should lead in developing 1
1046	1046	time standardization for the Moon and other celes-2
1047	1047	tial bodies other than Earth to support interoper-3
1048	1048	ability and safe and sustainable operations; and 4
1049	1049	(5) development of such standardization will ad-5
1050	1050	vance United States leadership in standards setting 6
1051	1051	for global competitiveness, and will benefit other 7
1052	1052	spacefaring countries and entities. 8
1053	1053	(b) D
1054	1054	EVELOPMENT OF CELESTIALTIMESTANDARD-9
1055	1055	IZATION.—The Administrator, in consultation with the Di-10
1056	1056	rector of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall 11
1057	1057	conduct the following activities: 12
1058	1058	(1) Enable the development of celestial time 13
1059	1059	standardization, including by leading the study of, 14
1060	1060	and development of a definition for, a coordinated 15
1061	1061	lunar time. 16
1062	1062	(2) Develop a strategy to implement a coordi-17
1063	1063	nated lunar time that would support future oper-18
1064	1064	ations and infrastructure on and around the Moon. 19
1065	1065	(3) In carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2)— 20
1066	1066	(A) coordinate with relevant Federal enti-21
1067	1067	ties, including the Department of Commerce, 22
1068	1068	the Department of Defense, the Department of 23
1069	1069	State, and the Department of Transportation; 24
1070	1070	and 25
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1074	1074	(B) consult with relevant— 1
1075	1075	(i) private sector entities; 2
1076	1076	(ii) academic entities; and 3
1077	1077	(iii) international standards-setting 4
1078	1078	bodies. 5
1079	1079	(4) Incorporate the following features of a co-6
1080	1080	ordinated lunar time, to the extent practicable, in 7
1081	1081	the development of the strategy developed under 8
1082	1082	paragraph (2): 9
1083	1083	(A) Traceability to Coordinated Universal 10
1084	1084	Time. 11
1085	1085	(B) Accuracy sufficient to support preci-12
1086	1086	sion navigation and science. 13
1087	1087	(C) Resilience to loss of contact with 14
1088	1088	Earth. 15
1089	1089	(D) Scalability to space environments be-16
1090	1090	yond the Earth-Moon system. 17
1091	1091	(c) B
1092	1092	RIEFING.—Not later than 2 years after the date 18
1093	1093	of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall pro-19
1094	1094	vide the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor-20
1095	1095	tation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 21
1096	1096	and Technology of the House of Representatives with a 22
1097	1097	briefing on the strategy developed pursuant to subsection 23
1098	1098	(b)(2), including relevant plans, timelines, and resources 24
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1102	1102	required for the implementation of a coordinated lunar 1
1103	1103	time pursuant to such strategy. 2
1104	1104	TITLE IV—SPACE TECHNOLOGY 3
1105	1105	SEC. 401. SPACE TECHNOLOGY MISSION DIRECTORATE. 4
1106	1106	(a) S
1107	1107	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-5
1108	1108	gress that an independent Space Technology Mission Di-6
1109	1109	rectorate is critical to ensuring continued investments in 7
1110	1110	the development of technologies for missions across the 8
1111	1111	portfolio of NASA, including science, aeronautics, and 9
1112	1112	human exploration. 10
1113	1113	(b) S
1114	1114	PACETECHNOLOGYMISSIONDIRECTORATE.— 11
1115	1115	The Administrator shall maintain a Space Technology 12
1116	1116	Mission Directorate consistent with section 702 of the Na-13
1117	1117	tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition 14
1118	1118	Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 15
1119	1119	20301 note). 16
1120	1120	SEC. 402. SBIR PHASE II FLEXIBILITY. 17
1121	1121	Section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638) 18
1122	1122	is amended in subsection (cc) by striking ‘‘and the Depart-19
1123	1123	ment of Education’’ and inserting ‘‘the Department of 20
1124	1124	Education, and the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-21
1125	1125	ministration’’. 22
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1129	1129	SEC. 403. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CRYOGENIC FLUID 1
1130	1130	VALVE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW. 2
1131	1131	It is the sense of Congress that advancing cryogenic 3
1132	1132	fluid valve technology would support the Administration’s 4
1133	1133	efforts to improve cryogenic fluid management and im-5
1134	1134	prove space vehicle reliability and efficiency. 6
1135	1135	TITLE V—AERONAUTICS 7
1136	1136	SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS. 8
1137	1137	In this title: 9
1138	1138	(1) A
1139	1139	DVANCED AIR MOBILITY; AAM.—The terms 10
1140	1140	‘‘advanced air mobility’’ and ‘‘AAM’’ mean a trans-11
1141	1141	portation system that is comprised of urban air mo-12
1142	1142	bility and regional air mobility using manned or un-13
1143	1143	manned aircraft. 14
1144	1144	(2) R
1145	1145	EGIONAL AIR MOBILITY .—The term ‘‘re-15
1146	1146	gional air mobility’’ means the movement of pas-16
1147	1147	sengers or property by air between 2 points using an 17
1148	1148	airworthy aircraft that— 18
1149	1149	(A) has advanced technologies, such as dis-19
1150	1150	tributed propulsion, vertical takeoff and land-20
1151	1151	ing, powered lift, nontraditional power systems, 21
1152	1152	or autonomous technologies; 22
1153	1153	(B) has a maximum takeoff weight of 23
1154	1154	greater than 1,320 pounds; and 24
1155	1155	(C) is not urban air mobility. 25
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1159	1159	(3) UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM .—The term 1
1160	1160	‘‘unmanned aircraft system’’ has the meanings given 2
1161	1161	such term in section 44801 of title 49, United 3
1162	1162	States Code. 4
1163	1163	(4) U
1164	1164	RBAN AIR MOBILITY.—The term ‘‘urban 5
1165	1165	air mobility’’ means the movement of passengers or 6
1166	1166	property by air between 2 points in different cities 7
1167	1167	or 2 points within the same city using an airworthy 8
1168	1168	aircraft that— 9
1169	1169	(A) has advanced technologies, such as dis-10
1170	1170	tributed propulsion, vertical takeoff and land-11
1171	1171	ing, powered lift, nontraditional power systems, 12
1172	1172	or autonomous technologies; and 13
1173	1173	(B) has a maximum takeoff weight of 14
1174	1174	greater than 1,320 pounds. 15
1175	1175	SEC. 502. HYPERSONIC RESEARCH. 16
1176	1176	(a) S
1177	1177	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-17
1178	1178	gress that— 18
1179	1179	(1) basic and applied hypersonic research— 19
1180	1180	(A) is critical for enabling the development 20
1181	1181	of advanced high-speed aeronautical and space 21
1182	1182	systems; and 22
1183	1183	(B) can improve understanding of tech-23
1184	1184	nical challenges related to high-speed and reus-24
1185	1185	able vehicle technologies, including those related 25
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1189	1189	to propulsion, noise, advanced materials, and 1
1190	1190	entry, descent, and landing operations; 2
1191	1191	(2) investments in hypersonic research are crit-3
1192	1192	ical to sustaining United States global leadership in 4
1193	1193	space and aeronautics; and 5
1194	1194	(3) NASA efforts to study hypersonic re-6
1195	1195	search— 7
1196	1196	(A) should not duplicate, and may com-8
1197	1197	plement, research supported by the Department 9
1198	1198	of Defense; and 10
1199	1199	(B) should be conducted in partnership 11
1200	1200	with universities and industry, as appropriate. 12
1201	1201	(b) H
1202	1202	YPERSONICRESEARCH.—The Administrator, in 13
1203	1203	coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Avia-14
1204	1204	tion Administration and the Secretary of Defense, as ap-15
1205	1205	propriate, and in consultation with industry and academia, 16
1206	1206	shall continue to carry out basic and applied hypersonic 17
1207	1207	research. 18
1208	1208	(c) H
1209	1209	YPERSONICRESEARCHROADMAP.— 19
1210	1210	(1) I
1211	1211	N GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 20
1212	1212	after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Ad-21
1213	1213	ministrator, in consultation with the Administrator 22
1214	1214	of the Federal Aviation Administration, the Sec-23
1215	1215	retary of Defense, industry, and academic institu-24
1216	1216	tions, shall update the hypersonic research roadmap 25
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1220	1220	required under section 603 of the National Aero-1
1221	1221	nautics and Space Administration Transition Au-2
1222	1222	thorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 131 3
1223	1223	Stat. 55). 4
1224	1224	(2) C
1225	1225	ONSIDERATIONS.—In updating the re-5
1226	1226	search roadmap, the Administrator may consider— 6
1227	1227	(A) advancements in— 7
1228	1228	(i) system level design, analysis, and 8
1229	1229	validation of hypersonic aircraft tech-9
1230	1230	nologies; 10
1231	1231	(ii) propulsion capabilities and tech-11
1232	1232	nologies; 12
1233	1233	(iii) vehicle technologies, including ve-13
1234	1234	hicle flow physics and vehicle thermal man-14
1235	1235	agement associated with aerodynamic heat-15
1236	1236	ing; 16
1237	1237	(iv)(I) advanced materials, including 17
1238	1238	materials capable of withstanding high 18
1239	1239	temperatures; 19
1240	1240	(II) demonstrating durable materials; 20
1241	1241	and 21
1242	1242	(III) efforts to apply such materials; 22
1243	1243	and 23
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1247	1247	(v) other areas of hypersonic research 1
1248	1248	as determined appropriate by the Adminis-2
1249	1249	trator; and 3
1250	1250	(B) data trends regarding sonic boom over-4
1251	1251	pressures associated with hypersonic aircraft. 5
1252	1252	(d) R
1253	1253	EPORT ANDBRIEFING.—Not later than 1 year 6
1254	1254	after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-7
1255	1255	trator shall— 8
1256	1256	(1) submit to the appropriate committees of 9
1257	1257	Congress the updated research roadmap under sub-10
1258	1258	section (c); and 11
1259	1259	(2) provide the appropriate committees of Con-12
1260	1260	gress with a briefing on the research conducted 13
1261	1261	under subsection (b), including with respect to the 14
1262	1262	manner in which such research aligns with such up-15
1263	1263	dated research roadmap. 16
1264	1264	SEC. 503. ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING 17
1265	1265	TECHNOLOGY. 18
1266	1266	(a) R
1267	1267	EPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 19
1268	1268	of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall sub-20
1269	1269	mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 21
1270	1270	on the status of NASA activities relating to subsections 22
1271	1271	(e) and (f) of section 10831 of the National Aeronautics 23
1272	1272	and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 24
1273	1273	(Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 40102 note). 25
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1277	1277	(b) UPDATE ANDBRIEFING.—Not later than 2 years 1
1278	1278	after the date on which the report required by subsection 2
1279	1279	(a) is submitted, the Administrator shall— 3
1280	1280	(1) submit to the appropriate committees of 4
1281	1281	Congress an update to the findings contained in 5
1282	1282	such report; and 6
1283	1283	(2) provide the appropriate committees of Con-7
1284	1284	gress with a briefing on such update. 8
1285	1285	SEC. 504. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM AND ADVANCED 9
1286	1286	AIR MOBILITY. 10
1287	1287	The Administrator shall continue research, as appro-11
1288	1288	priate and necessary, in collaboration with the Adminis-12
1289	1289	trator of Federal Aviation Administration, the heads of 13
1290	1290	other relevant Federal agencies, and appropriate rep-14
1291	1291	resentatives of academia and industry, on unmanned air-15
1292	1292	craft systems and advanced air mobility. 16
1293	1293	SEC. 505. ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR EMERGENCY RE-17
1294	1294	SPONSE OPERATIONS. 18
1295	1295	(a) I
1296	1296	NGENERAL.—The Administrator may continue 19
1297	1297	to conduct research and development activities under the 20
1298	1298	Advanced Capabilities for Emergency Response Oper-21
1299	1299	ations (ACERO) project, or appropriate successor project 22
1300	1300	or projects, to improve aerial responses to wildfires. 23
1301	1301	(b) B
1302	1302	RIEFING.— 24
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1306	1306	(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 1
1307	1307	after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Ad-2
1308	1308	ministrator shall provide the appropriate committees 3
1309	1309	of Congress with a briefing on ongoing research and 4
1310	1310	development activities related to improving aerial re-5
1311	1311	sponses to wildfires. 6
1312	1312	(2) E
1313	1313	LEMENTS.—The briefing required by 7
1314	1314	paragraph (1) shall include the following: 8
1315	1315	(A) An identification of any topic related 9
1316	1316	to improvement of aerial responses to wildfires 10
1317	1317	that could benefit from further research. 11
1318	1318	(B) A description of collaboration with 12
1319	1319	other relevant Federal agencies. 13
1320	1320	(C) A description of any continuing efforts 14
1321	1321	under this section. 15
1322	1322	(D) Any other information the Adminis-16
1323	1323	trator considers appropriate. 17
1324	1324	SEC. 506. HYDROGEN AVIATION. 18
1325	1325	(a) I
1326	1326	NGENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-19
1327	1327	propriations for such purpose, the Administrator may 20
1328	1328	carry out research on emerging technologies related to hy-21
1329	1329	drogen aviation. 22
1330	1330	(b) R
1331	1331	EPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 23
1332	1332	of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall pro-24
1333	1333	vide the appropriate committees of Congress with a brief-25
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1337	1337	ing on the ongoing research under subsection (a) that in-1
1338	1338	cludes— 2
1339	1339	(1) an identification of any agency with which 3
1340	1340	NASA has partnered on such research; and 4
1341	1341	(2) a description of anticipated further actions 5
1342	1342	and activities related to the topic of hydrogen avia-6
1343	1343	tion. 7
1344	1344	SEC. 507. HIGH-PERFORMANCE CHASE AIRCRAFT. 8
1345	1345	(a) S
1346	1346	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-9
1347	1347	gress that— 10
1348	1348	(1) NASA programs benefit from and rely upon 11
1349	1349	high-performance chase aircraft for providing re-12
1350	1350	search and mission support; and 13
1351	1351	(2) NASA currently faces maintenance chal-14
1352	1352	lenges related to its aging high-performance aircraft 15
1353	1353	fleet, which is resulting in increased program costs. 16
1354	1354	(b) B
1355	1355	RIEFING.—Not later than 60 days after the date 17
1356	1356	of the enactment of this Act, and biannually thereafter, 18
1357	1357	the Administrator shall provide the appropriate commit-19
1358	1358	tees of Congress with a briefing on the strategy of NASA 20
1359	1359	relating to the following: 21
1360	1360	(1) Collaboration with the Department of De-22
1361	1361	fense on efforts for research and flight asset sharing 23
1362	1362	to support NASA’s research mission support and 24
1363	1363	pilot training requirements. 25
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1367	1367	(2) Efforts to seek aircraft parts and engines to 1
1368	1368	keep NASA’s current fleet of chase aircraft oper-2
1369	1369	ational, including potential use of 3D additive manu-3
1370	1370	factured parts. 4
1371	1371	(3) Strategies for acquiring or using through 5
1372	1372	loan, sharing, or other agreements, as appropriate, 6
1373	1373	Department of Defense aircraft to support NASA’s 7
1374	1374	research and mission support activities, as required. 8
1375	1375	SEC. 508. COLLABORATION WITH ACADEMIA. 9
1376	1376	It is the sense of Congress that— 10
1377	1377	(1) colleges and universities are hubs of re-11
1378	1378	search and innovation, with expertise in various 12
1379	1379	fields of science and aeronautics; 13
1380	1380	(2) collaborating with academia allows NASA to 14
1381	1381	access cutting-edge research and expertise that can 15
1382	1382	further enable advancements in aeronautics research 16
1383	1383	and technology and address complex aeronautical 17
1384	1384	challenges; 18
1385	1385	(3) a cutting-edge civil aeronautics research and 19
1386	1386	development program can inspire the next genera-20
1387	1387	tion to pursue education and careers in science, 21
1388	1388	technology, engineering, and mathematics, including 22
1389	1389	aeronautics; and 23
1390	1390	(4) opportunities for students to participate in 24
1391	1391	NASA-supported academic research and develop-25
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1395	1395	ment projects, such as the University Leadership 1
1396	1396	Initiative, the University Students Research Chal-2
1397	1397	lenge, the National Space Grant College and Fellow-3
1398	1398	ship Project, and related aeronautic projects and 4
1399	1399	competitions, contributes to training the next gen-5
1400	1400	eration and developing the aeronautics workforce to 6
1401	1401	support continued United States leadership and eco-7
1402	1402	nomic growth in civil aeronautics and aviation. 8
1403	1403	TITLE VI—SCIENCE 9
1404	1404	SEC. 601. MAINTAINING A BALANCED SCIENCE PORTFOLIO. 10
1405	1405	(a) S
1406	1406	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—Congress reaffirms the 11
1407	1407	sense of Congress that— 12
1408	1408	(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of ac-13
1409	1409	tivities consisting of research and analysis grant pro-14
1410	1410	grams, technology development, suborbital research 15
1411	1411	activities, and small, medium, and large space mis-16
1412	1412	sions, contributes to a robust and productive science 17
1413	1413	program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and 18
1414	1414	discovery; and 19
1415	1415	(2) the Administrator should set science prior-20
1416	1416	ities by following the recommendations and guidance 21
1417	1417	provided by the scientific community through the 22
1418	1418	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 23
1419	1419	Medicine decadal surveys. 24
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1423	1423	(b) POLICYREAFFIRMATION.—Congress reaffirms 1
1424	1424	the policy of the United States set forth in section 501(c) 2
1425	1425	of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 3
1426	1426	Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115– 4
1427	1427	10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note), which states, ‘‘It is the policy 5
1428	1428	of the United States to ensure, to the extent practicable, 6
1429	1429	a steady cadence of large, medium, and small science mis-7
1430	1430	sions’’. 8
1431	1431	SEC. 602. IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENCE MISSION COST 9
1432	1432	CAPS. 10
1433	1433	(a) S
1434	1434	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-11
1435	1435	gress that— 12
1436	1436	(1) NASA science missions address compelling 13
1437	1437	scientific questions prioritized by the National Acad-14
1438	1438	emies decadal surveys, and often such missions ex-15
1439	1439	ceed expectations in terms of performance, longevity, 16
1440	1440	and scientific impact; 17
1441	1441	(2) the Administrator should continue to pursue 18
1442	1442	an ambitious science program while also seeking to 19
1443	1443	avoid excessive cost growth that has the potential to 20
1444	1444	affect the balance across the Science portfolio and 21
1445	1445	within the Science Divisions; 22
1446	1446	(3) audits by the NASA Inspector General and 23
1447	1447	the Government Accountability Office have reported 24
1448	1448	that early cost estimates for missions in the prelimi-25
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1452	1452	nary phases of conception and development are im-1
1453	1453	mature and unreliable, and the cost of a mission 2
1454	1454	typically is not well-understood until the project is 3
1455	1455	further along in the development process; 4
1456	1456	(4) cost growth of a mission beyond its early 5
1457	1457	cost estimates is a challenge for budget planning 6
1458	1458	and has the potential to affect other missions in the 7
1459	1459	Science Mission Directorate portfolio, including 8
1460	1460	through delays to future mission solicitations; and 9
1461	1461	(5) relying on early cost estimates made prior 10
1462	1462	to preliminary design review for science missions 11
1463	1463	which then experience such cost growth may 12
1464	1464	disincentivize program and cost discipline moving 13
1465	1465	forward. 14
1466	1466	(b) R
1467	1467	EQUIREMENT.—To the maximum extent prac-15
1468	1468	ticable, the Administrator shall ensure that, unless over-16
1469	1469	whelmingly necessary to do otherwise, NASA— 17
1470	1470	(1) minimizes changes to requirements, capa-18
1471	1471	bilities, and mission objectives under to fixed-price 19
1472	1472	contracts with commercial providers; and 20
1473	1473	(2) otherwise adheres to the requirements, ca-21
1474	1474	pabilities, and mission objectives of such contracts. 22
1475	1475	(c) R
1476	1476	EPORT.— 23
1477	1477	(1) I
1478	1478	N GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 24
1479	1479	the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comp-25
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1483	1483	troller General of the United States shall submit to 1
1484	1484	the appropriate committees of Congress a report of 2
1485	1485	NASA practices related to the establishment of and 3
1486	1486	compliance with cost caps of competitively selected, 4
1487	1487	principal investigator-led science missions. 5
1488	1488	(2) E
1489	1489	LEMENTS.—The report required by para-6
1490	1490	graph (1) shall— 7
1491	1491	(A) assess current cost cap values and de-8
1492	1492	termine whether existing cost cap amounts are 9
1493	1493	appropriate for different classes of missions; 10
1494	1494	(B) consider the effectiveness of cost caps 11
1495	1495	in maintaining a varied and balanced portfolio 12
1496	1496	of mission types within the Science Mission Di-13
1497	1497	rectorate; 14
1498	1498	(C) describe the information NASA re-15
1499	1499	quires as part of a proposal submission related 16
1500	1500	to project cost estimates and proposal compli-17
1501	1501	ance with cost caps, and assess whether such 18
1502	1502	required information provides sufficient insight 19
1503	1503	or confidence in the estimates; 20
1504	1504	(D) consider NASA processes for assessing 21
1505	1505	proposed cost estimates and the accuracy of 22
1506	1506	such assessments for past competitively se-23
1507	1507	lected, principal investigator-led science mis-24
1508	1508	sions; and 25
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1512	1512	(E) for the period starting on January 1, 1
1513	1513	2000 and ending on the date of the enactment 2
1514	1514	of this Act— 3
1515	1515	(i) a list of— 4
1516	1516	(I) competitively selected, prin-5
1517	1517	cipal investigator-led science missions 6
1518	1518	for which costs have exceeded the as-7
1519	1519	sociated cost cap; and 8
1520	1520	(II) reason the mission costs ex-9
1521	1521	ceeded the cost cap; 10
1522	1522	(ii) an assessment of NASA’s role in 11
1523	1523	predicting, preventing, or managing com-12
1524	1524	petitively-selected, principal investigator-led 13
1525	1525	science mission cost increases; and 14
1526	1526	(iii) a description of the impact of in-15
1527	1527	creased competitively-selected, principal in-16
1528	1528	vestigator-led science mission costs beyond 17
1529	1529	the cost caps on— 18
1530	1530	(I) the missions for which the 19
1531	1531	cost cap has been breached; and 20
1532	1532	(II) other missions within the ap-21
1533	1533	plicable division and within the 22
1534	1534	Science Mission Directorate. 23
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1538	1538	SEC. 603. REEXAMINATION OF DECADAL SURVEYS. 1
1539	1539	Section 20305(c) of title 51, United States Code, is 2
1540	1540	amended by inserting ‘‘, significant changes to the NASA 3
1541	1541	budget,’’ after ‘‘growth’’. 4
1542	1542	SEC. 604. LANDSAT. 5
1543	1543	Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-6
1544	1544	ment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 7
1545	1545	appropriate committees of Congress a report describing— 8
1546	1546	(1) the Administrator’s efforts to comply with 9
1547	1547	section 60134 of title 51, United States Code; 10
1548	1548	(2) aspects of Landsat NEXT or any other 11
1549	1549	Landsat observations that— 12
1550	1550	(A) could be provided by private sector 13
1551	1551	data-buys or service procurements; and 14
1552	1552	(B) could— 15
1553	1553	(i) meet associated science require-16
1554	1554	ments while maintaining or exceeding the 17
1555	1555	quality, integrity, and continuity of the 18
1556	1556	Landsat observational capabilities and per-19
1557	1557	formance, including requirements nec-20
1558	1558	essary to ensure high-quality calibrated 21
1559	1559	data continuity and traceability with the 22
1560	1560	50-year Landsat data record; and 23
1561	1561	(ii) comply with nondiscriminatory 24
1562	1562	availability of unenhanced data and public 25
1563	1563	archiving of data pursuant to section 26
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1567	1567	60141 and 60142 of title 51, United 1
1568	1568	States Code, and all other relevant Federal 2
1569	1569	laws, regulations, and policies related to 3
1570	1570	open science and data accessibility; 4
1571	1571	(3) any potential tradeoffs or other impacts of 5
1572	1572	the requirements described in clauses (i) and (ii) of 6
1573	1573	paragraph (2)(B) that could reduce the benefit of 7
1574	1574	Landsat data for scientific and applied uses or re-8
1575	1575	duce the Federal Government’s ability to make such 9
1576	1576	data available for the widest possible use; and 10
1577	1577	(4) recommendations and opportunities for the 11
1578	1578	Federal Government to mitigate potential tradeoffs 12
1579	1579	or impacts identified under paragraph (3) or to oth-13
1580	1580	erwise facilitate private sector data-buys or service 14
1581	1581	procurements. 15
1582	1582	SEC. 605. COMMERCIAL SATELLITE DATA. 16
1583	1583	(a) F
1584	1584	INDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-17
1585	1585	ings: 18
1586	1586	(1) Section 60501 of title 51, United States 19
1587	1587	Code, states that the goal for the Earth Science pro-20
1588	1588	gram of NASA shall be to pursue a program of 21
1589	1589	Earth observations, research, and applications activi-22
1590	1590	ties to better understand the Earth, how it supports 23
1591	1591	life, and how human activities affect its ability to do 24
1592	1592	so in the future. 25
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1596	1596	(2) Section 50115 of title 51, United States 1
1597	1597	Code, states that the Administrator of NASA shall, 2
1598	1598	to the extent possible and while satisfying the sci-3
1599	1599	entific requirements of NASA, and where appro-4
1600	1600	priate, of other Federal agencies and scientific re-5
1601	1601	searchers, acquire, where cost effective, space-based 6
1602	1602	commercial Earth remote sensing data, services, dis-7
1603	1603	tribution, and applications from a commercial pro-8
1604	1604	vider. 9
1605	1605	(3) The Administrator of NASA established the 10
1606	1606	Commercial SmallSat Data Acquisition Pilot Pro-11
1607	1607	gram in 2017 to identify, validate, and acquire from 12
1608	1608	commercial sources data that support the Earth 13
1609	1609	science research and application goals. 14
1610	1610	(4) The Administrator of NASA has— 15
1611	1611	(A) determined that the pilot program de-16
1612	1612	scribed in paragraph (3) has been a success, as 17
1613	1613	described in the final evaluation entitled ‘‘Com-18
1614	1614	mercial SmallSat Data Acquisition Program 19
1615	1615	Pilot Evaluation Report’’ issued in 2020; 20
1616	1616	(B) established a formal process for evalu-21
1617	1617	ating and onboarding new commercial vendors 22
1618	1618	in such pilot program; 23
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1622	1622	(C) increased the number of commercial 1
1623	1623	vendors and commercial data products available 2
1624	1624	through such pilot program; and 3
1625	1625	(D) expanded procurement arrangements 4
1626	1626	with commercial vendors to broaden user access 5
1627	1627	to provide commercial Earth remote sensing 6
1628	1628	data and imagery to federally funded research-7
1629	1629	ers. 8
1630	1630	(b) C
1631	1631	OMMERCIALSATELLITEDATAACQUISITION 9
1632	1632	P
1633	1633	ROGRAM.— 10
1634	1634	(1) I
1635	1635	N GENERAL.—Chapter 603 of title 51, 11
1636	1636	United States Code, is amended by adding at the 12
1637	1637	end the following: 13
1638	1638	‘‘§ 60307. Commercial satellite data acquisition pro-14
1639	1639	gram 15
1640	1640	‘‘(a) I
1641	1641	NGENERAL.—The Administrator, acting 16
1642	1642	through the Earth Science Division of the Science Mission 17
1643	1643	Directorate, shall continue to acquire and disseminate cost 18
1644	1644	effective and appropriate commercial Earth remote sens-19
1645	1645	ing data and imagery in order to satisfy the operational 20
1646	1646	and scientific requirements of the Administration, and as 21
1647	1647	appropriate, the scientific requirements of other Federal 22
1648	1648	agencies and scientific researchers to augment or com-23
1649	1649	plement the suite of Earth observations acquired by the 24
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1653	1653	Administration, other United States Government agencies, 1
1654	1654	and international partners. 2
1655	1655	‘‘(b) D
1656	1656	ATAPUBLICATION ANDTRANSPARENCY.—The 3
1657	1657	terms and conditions of commercial Earth remote sensing 4
1658	1658	data and imagery acquisitions under the program de-5
1659	1659	scribed in subsection (a) shall take into consideration— 6
1660	1660	‘‘(1) the publication of commercial data or im-7
1661	1661	agery for scientific purposes; or 8
1662	1662	‘‘(2) the publication of information that is de-9
1663	1663	rived from, incorporates, or enhances the original 10
1664	1664	commercial data or imagery of a vendor. 11
1665	1665	‘‘(c) A
1666	1666	UTHORIZATION.—In carrying out the program 12
1667	1667	under this section, the Administrator may— 13
1668	1668	‘‘(1) procure the commercial Earth remote 14
1669	1669	sensing data and imagery from commercial vendors 15
1670	1670	to advance scientific research and applications in ac-16
1671	1671	cordance with subsection (a); and 17
1672	1672	‘‘(2) establish or modify end-use license terms 18
1673	1673	and conditions to allow for the widest-possible use of 19
1674	1674	procured commercial Earth remote sensing data and 20
1675	1675	imagery by individuals other than NASA-funded 21
1676	1676	users, consistent with the goals of the program. 22
1677	1677	‘‘(d) U
1678	1678	NITEDSTATESVENDORS.—Commercial Earth 23
1679	1679	remote sensing data and imagery referred to in sub-24
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1683	1683	sections (a) and (c) shall, to the maximum extent prac-1
1684	1684	ticable, be procured from United States vendors. 2
1685	1685	‘‘(e) R
1686	1686	EPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 3
1687	1687	date of the enactment of this section, and annually there-4
1688	1688	after, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 5
1689	1689	Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 6
1690	1690	the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 7
1691	1691	House of Representatives a report that includes the fol-8
1692	1692	lowing information regarding the agreements, vendors, li-9
1693	1693	cense terms, and uses of commercial Earth remote sensing 10
1694	1694	data and imagery under this section: 11
1695	1695	‘‘(1)(A) In the case of the initial report, a list 12
1696	1696	of all agreements that are providing commercial 13
1697	1697	Earth remote sensing data and imagery to NASA as 14
1698	1698	of the date of the report. 15
1699	1699	‘‘(B) For each subsequent report, a list of all 16
1700	1700	agreements that have provided commercial Earth re-17
1701	1701	mote sensing data and imagery to NASA during the 18
1702	1702	reporting period. 19
1703	1703	‘‘(2) A description of the end-use license terms 20
1704	1704	and conditions for each such vendor. 21
1705	1705	‘‘(3) A description of the manner in which each 22
1706	1706	such agreement is advancing scientific research and 23
1707	1707	applications, including priorities recommended by 24
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1711	1711	the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 1
1712	1712	and Medicine decadal surveys. 2
1713	1713	‘‘(4) Information specifying whether the Admin-3
1714	1714	istrator has entered into an agreement with a com-4
1715	1715	mercial vendor or a Federal agency that permits the 5
1716	1716	use of data and imagery by Federal Government em-6
1717	1717	ployees, contractors, or non-Federal users.’’. 7
1718	1718	(2) C
1719	1719	LERICAL AMENDMENT .—The table of con-8
1720	1720	tents for chapter 603 of title 51, United States 9
1721	1721	Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-10
1722	1722	lowing: 11
1723	1723	‘‘60307. Commercial Satellite Data Acquisition Program.’’.
1724	1724	SEC. 606. PLANETARY SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.
1725	1725	12
1726	1726	(a) S
1727	1727	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-13
1728	1728	gress that— 14
1729	1729	(1) planetary science missions advance the sci-15
1730	1730	entific understanding of the solar system and the 16
1731	1731	place of humans in it while also advancing the de-17
1732	1732	sign and operations of spacecraft and robotic engi-18
1733	1733	neering; and 19
1734	1734	(2) the Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship 20
1735	1735	programs allow NASA to fund a range of missions 21
1736	1736	that vary in size, cost, and complexity, and main-22
1737	1737	taining balance across these mission classes allows 23
1738	1738	for a broad scope of discoveries and scientific ad-24
1739	1739	vances. 25
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1743	1743	(b) MISSIONPRIORITIESREAFFIRMATION.—Con-1
1744	1744	gress reaffirms the direction in section 502(b)(1) of the 2
1745	1745	National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transi-3
1746	1746	tion Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 4
1747	1747	U.S.C. 20301 note) that— 5
1748	1748	(1) in accordance with the priorities established 6
1749	1749	in the most recent Planetary Science Decadal Sur-7
1750	1750	vey, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest 8
1751	1751	extent practicable, the completion of a balanced set 9
1752	1752	of Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship missions 10
1753	1753	at the cadence recommended by the most recent 11
1754	1754	Planetary Science Decadal Survey; and 12
1755	1755	(2) consistent with the missions described in 13
1756	1756	paragraph (1), and while maintaining the continuity 14
1757	1757	of scientific data and steady development of capabili-15
1758	1758	ties and technologies, the Administrator may seek, if 16
1759	1759	necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, sched-17
1760	1760	ule, and scope in light of changing budget projec-18
1761	1761	tions. 19
1762	1762	SEC. 607. PLANETARY DEFENSE. 20
1763	1763	(a) N
1764	1764	EAR-EARTHOBJECTSURVEY ANDPOLICY.— 21
1765	1765	Section 808 of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-22
1766	1766	ministration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 23
1767	1767	18387), is amended in subsection (b) by striking ‘‘imple-24
1768	1768	ment, before September 30, 2012,’’ and inserting ‘‘, in co-25
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1772	1772	ordination with the NASA Administrator, maintain and 1
1773	1773	regularly update’’. 2
1774	1774	(b) P
1775	1775	OLICY ONNEAR-EARTHOBJECTS ANDRESPON-3
1776	1776	SIBLEFEDERALAGENCY.—Section 71103 of title 51, 4
1777	1777	United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 5
1778	1778	‘‘§ 71103. Policy on near-Earth objects and respon-6
1779	1779	sible Federal agency 7
1780	1780	‘‘The Director of the Office of Science and Tech-8
1781	1781	nology Policy, in coordination with the Administrator, 9
1782	1782	shall maintain and regularly update policy for notifying 10
1783	1783	Federal agencies and relevant emergency response institu-11
1784	1784	tions of an impending near-Earth object threat, if near- 12
1785	1785	term public safety is at risk, and provide recommendations 13
1786	1786	for a Federal agency or agencies to be responsible for— 14
1787	1787	‘‘(1) protecting the United States from a near- 15
1788	1788	Earth object that is expected to collide with Earth; 16
1789	1789	and 17
1790	1790	‘‘(2) implementing a deflection campaign, in 18
1791	1791	consultation with international bodies, should one be 19
1792	1792	necessary.’’. 20
1793	1793	(c) P
1794	1794	LANETARYDEFENSECOORDINATIONOFFICE.— 21
1795	1795	Chapter 711 of title 51, United States Code, is amended 22
1796	1796	by adding at the end the following: 23
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1800	1800	‘‘§ 71105. Planetary Defense Coordination Office 1
1801	1801	‘‘(a) O
1802	1802	FFICE.—As directed in section 10825 of the 2
1803	1803	National Aeronautics and Space Administration Author-3
1804	1804	ization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167), the Adminis-4
1805	1805	trator shall maintain an office within the Planetary 5
1806	1806	Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate to be 6
1807	1807	known as the ‘Planetary Defense Coordination Office’. 7
1808	1808	‘‘(b) R
1809	1809	ESPONSIBILITIES.—Consistent with the direc-8
1810	1810	tion in section 10825 of the National Aeronautics and 9
1811	1811	Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 (Public 10
1812	1812	Law 117–167) the Planetary Defense Coordination Office 11
1813	1813	under subsection (a) shall— 12
1814	1814	‘‘(1) plan, develop, and implement a program to 13
1815	1815	survey threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to 14
1816	1816	or greater than 140 meters in diameter, as required 15
1817	1817	by section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics 16
1818	1818	and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 17
1819	1819	(Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922); 18
1820	1820	‘‘(2) identify, track, and characterize potentially 19
1821	1821	hazardous near-Earth objects, issue warnings of the 20
1822	1822	effects of potential impacts of such objects, and in-21
1823	1823	vestigate strategies and technologies for mitigating 22
1824	1824	the potential impacts of such objects; and 23
1825	1825	‘‘(3) assist in coordinating government planning 24
1826	1826	for a response to a potential impact of a near-Earth 25
1827	1827	objects.’’. 26
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1831	1831	(d) CONFORMINGAMENDMENT.—The table of con-1
1832	1832	tents for chapter 711 of title 51, United States Code, is 2
1833	1833	amended— 3
1834	1834	(1) by striking the item relating to section 4
1835	1835	71103 and inserting the following: 5
1836	1836	‘‘71103. Policy on near-Earth objects and responsible Federal agency.’’; and
1837	1837	(2) by adding at the end the following: 6
1838	1838	‘‘71105. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.’’.
1839	1839	SEC. 608. LUNAR DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION.
1840	1840	7
1841	1841	(a) I
1842	1842	NGENERAL.—The Administrator may carry out, 8
1843	1843	within the Science Mission Directorate, a program to ac-9
1844	1844	complish science objectives for the Moon, with an organi-10
1845	1845	zational structure that aligns responsibility, authority, and 11
1846	1846	accountability, as recommended by the most recent 12
1847	1847	decadal survey for planetary science and astrobiology. 13
1848	1848	(b) O
1849	1849	BJECTIVES ANDREQUIREMENTS.—In carrying 14
1850	1850	out the program under subsection (a), the Administrator 15
1851	1851	shall direct the Science Mission Directorate, in consulta-16
1852	1852	tion with the Exploration Systems Development Mission 17
1853	1853	Directorate and the Space Technology Mission Direc-18
1854	1854	torate, to define high-priority lunar science objectives, in-19
1855	1855	formed by decadal and other scientific consensus rec-20
1856	1856	ommendations, and related requirements of an integrated 21
1857	1857	Artemis science strategy for human and robotic missions 22
1858	1858	to the Moon. 23
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1862	1862	(c) INSTRUMENTATION .—The program under sub-1
1863	1863	section (a) shall assess the need for and facilitate the de-2
1864	1864	velopment of instrumentation to support the scientific ex-3
1865	1865	ploration of the Moon. 4
1866	1866	SEC. 609. COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD SERVICES. 5
1867	1867	(a) S
1868	1868	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-6
1869	1869	gress that— 7
1870	1870	(1) the Administrator’s encouragement and 8
1871	1871	support for commercial services for lunar surface de-9
1872	1872	livery capabilities and other related services serves 10
1873	1873	the national interest; and 11
1874	1874	(2) commercial providers benefit from an ap-12
1875	1875	proach that places low-cost, noncritical instruments 13
1876	1876	on initial deliveries using small- and medium-size 14
1877	1877	landers before proceeding to larger landers for more 15
1878	1878	complex payloads. 16
1879	1879	(b) C
1880	1880	OMMERCIALLUNARPAYLOADSERVICES.—The 17
1881	1881	Administrator is authorized to continue the Commercial 18
1882	1882	Lunar Payload Services program for the purpose of pro-19
1883	1883	curing, from 1 or more United States commercial pro-20
1884	1884	viders, services for delivery of NASA science payloads, and 21
1885	1885	the payloads of other NASA mission directorates, as ap-22
1886	1886	propriate and practicable, to the lunar surface. 23
1887	1887	(c) R
1888	1888	ELATIONSHIP TO OTHERMISSIONDIREC-24
1889	1889	TORATES.—A Mission Directorate that seeks to obtain 25
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1893	1893	commercial lunar payload services under the program re-1
1894	1894	ferred to in subsection (b) shall provide funding for— 2
1895	1895	(1) any payload, instrument, or other item 3
1896	1896	sponsored by the Mission Directorate for delivery 4
1897	1897	through the program; and 5
1898	1898	(2) the cost of the commercial lunar payload 6
1899	1899	services obtained on behalf of the Mission Direc-7
1900	1900	torate. 8
1901	1901	(d) I
1902	1902	MPLEMENTATION.—In implementing any such 9
1903	1903	activities under subsection (b), the Administrator shall— 10
1904	1904	(1) conduct updated market research on the 11
1905	1905	commercial lunar economy and identify any changes 12
1906	1906	since the last market analysis; 13
1907	1907	(2) assess NASA’s needs from and role in and 14
1908	1908	contribution to the commercial lunar delivery mar-15
1909	1909	ket; 16
1910	1910	(3) based on the needs identified under para-17
1911	1911	graph (2), assess the effectiveness of the task order 18
1912	1912	approach in advancing commercial development of 19
1913	1913	lunar delivery services, including an assessment of 20
1914	1914	the appropriate number of providers necessary to 21
1915	1915	support NASA commercial lunar delivery needs, and 22
1916	1916	identify any challenges and recommendations for im-23
1917	1917	provement; and 24
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1921	1921	(4) strengthen procedures related to the selec-1
1922	1922	tion, manifesting, interfaces, and requirements of 2
1923	1923	payloads and other relevant factors that could con-3
1924	1924	tribute to minimizing future NASA-directed changes 4
1925	1925	to projects following commercial lunar payload serv-5
1926	1926	ice contract awards. 6
1927	1927	(e) C
1928	1928	OORDINATION.—The Administrator shall ensure 7
1929	1929	coordination between Mission Directorates and the Moon 8
1930	1930	to Mars Program on the administration of the program 9
1931	1931	referred to in subsection (b) so as to ensure the alignment 10
1932	1932	of goals for lunar delivery services. 11
1933	1933	SEC. 610. PLANETARY AND LUNAR OPERATIONS. 12
1934	1934	(a) S
1935	1935	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-13
1936	1936	gress that— 14
1937	1937	(1) existing NASA lunar and Martian orbital 15
1938	1938	missions are operating well beyond their planned 16
1939	1939	mission lifespans; 17
1940	1940	(2) NASA relies on such aging infrastructure 18
1941	1941	for observations, communications relay, and other 19
1942	1942	operations to support critical NASA missions; and 20
1943	1943	(3) the United States plans to increase its ac-21
1944	1944	tivities on and around both the Moon and Mars in 22
1945	1945	coming years. 23
1946	1946	(b) P
1947	1947	LAN.—The Administrator shall develop a plan 24
1948	1948	to ensure continuity of operations and sufficient observa-25
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1952	1952	tional and operational capabilities on and around the 1
1953	1953	Moon and Mars necessary to continue to enable a robust 2
1954	1954	science program and human exploration program for the 3
1955	1955	Moon and Mars well into the future. Such plan shall con-4
1956	1956	sider opportunities to engage both private and inter-5
1957	1957	national partners in future operations. 6
1958	1958	SEC. 611. MARS SAMPLE RETURN. 7
1959	1959	(a) I
1960	1960	NGENERAL.—The Administrator shall, subject 8
1961	1961	to the availability of appropriations, lead a Mars Sample 9
1962	1962	Return program to enable the return to Earth of scientif-10
1963	1963	ically selected samples from the surface of Mars for study 11
1964	1964	in terrestrial laboratories, consistent with the rec-12
1965	1965	ommendations of the National Academies decadal surveys 13
1966	1966	for planetary science. 14
1967	1967	(b) A
1968	1968	PPROACH.—The Administrator shall pursue the 15
1969	1969	program described in subsection (a) on a timeline and in 16
1970	1970	a manner necessary to— 17
1971	1971	(1) sustain United States leadership in the sci-18
1972	1972	entific exploration of Mars; 19
1973	1973	(2) capitalize on United States industry and 20
1974	1974	NASA capabilities to land and operate robotic space-21
1975	1975	craft on the surface of Mars; and 22
1976	1976	(3) maintain a balanced and robust planetary 23
1977	1977	science division portfolio without requiring signifi-24
1978	1978	cant increases to the NASA budget. 25
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1982	1982	(c) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.—As soon as practicable 1
1983	1983	and not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 2
1984	1984	of this Act, the Administrator shall do the following: 3
1985	1985	(1) Transmit to the appropriate committees of 4
1986	1986	Congress an acquisition plan and timeline for the 5
1987	1987	implementation of a Mars Sample Return program 6
1988	1988	pursuant to this section, with the goal of enabling 7
1989	1989	the highest scientific return for the resources in-8
1990	1990	vested, which plan shall— 9
1991	1991	(A) include a design and mission architec-10
1992	1992	ture; and 11
1993	1993	(B) establish realistic cost and schedule es-12
1994	1994	timates to enable such goal. 13
1995	1995	(2) Determine a path forward for the Mars 14
1996	1996	Sample Return that— 15
1997	1997	(A) is aligned with NASA’s Mars Sample 16
1998	1998	Return Strategy Review Team’s findings; 17
1999	1999	(B) considers alternative mission concepts 18
2000	2000	and lower cost sample return methods; and 19
2001	2001	(C) enables an earlier return of samples to 20
2002	2002	Earth. 21
2003	2003	(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of the 22
2004	2004	enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall enter 23
2005	2005	into firm fixed-price agreements with 1 or more 24
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2009	2009	United States industry partners to carry out this 1
2010	2010	section. 2
2011	2011	SEC. 612. HELIOPHYSICS RESEARCH. 3
2012	2012	(a) S
2013	2013	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-4
2014	2014	gress that— 5
2015	2015	(1) NASA heliophysics research advances the 6
2016	2016	scientific understanding of the Sun, its impact on 7
2017	2017	the Earth and near-Earth environment, and the 8
2018	2018	Sun’s interactions with other bodies in the solar sys-9
2019	2019	tem, the interplanetary medium, and the interstellar 10
2020	2020	medium; 11
2021	2021	(2) fundamental science supported by the 12
2022	2022	Heliophysics division is critical to improving space 13
2023	2023	weather observations forecasting capabilities, which 14
2024	2024	contribute to— 15
2025	2025	(A) fortifying national security and other 16
2026	2026	critically important space-based and ground- 17
2027	2027	based assets; 18
2028	2028	(B) improving the resilience of the energy 19
2029	2029	infrastructure of the United States; and 20
2030	2030	(C) protecting human health in space; and 21
2031	2031	(3) the Heliophysics Division should continue to 22
2032	2032	maximize the scientific return on investment of its 23
2033	2033	portfolio through maintaining a balanced portfolio 24
2034	2034	that includes research and analysis, including multi-25
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2038	2038	disciplinary research initiatives, technology develop-1
2039	2039	ment, space-based missions, and suborbital flight 2
2040	2040	projects that include both directed and strategic mis-3
2041	2041	sions and principal investigator-led, competitively so-4
2042	2042	licited missions, informed by the science priorities 5
2043	2043	and guidance of the most recent decadal survey in 6
2044	2044	solar and space physics. 7
2045	2045	(b) P
2046	2046	ROGRAMMANAGEMENT.—The Administrator 8
2047	2047	shall seek— 9
2048	2048	(1) to maintain a regular Explorer Announce-10
2049	2049	ment of Opportunity cadence and alternate between 11
2050	2050	small and mid-sized missions; and 12
2051	2051	(2) to enable a regular selection of Missions of 13
2052	2052	Opportunity. 14
2053	2053	SEC. 613. GEOSPACE DYNAMICS CONSTELLATION. 15
2054	2054	(a) S
2055	2055	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-16
2056	2056	gress that— 17
2057	2057	(1) the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mis-18
2058	2058	sion could enable scientific discoveries that will 19
2059	2059	transform understanding of the processes that gov-20
2060	2060	ern the dynamics of the Earth’s upper atmospheric 21
2061	2061	envelope that surrounds and protects the planet; and 22
2062	2062	(2) seeking commercial partnerships to provide 23
2063	2063	the technology to understand the phenomena and to 24
2064	2064	use the scientific knowledge gained by such mission 25
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2068	2068	could assist in identifying solutions that could ben-1
2069	2069	efit United States industry and citizens. 2
2070	2070	(b) A
2071	2071	SSESSMENT.—Not later than 180 days after the 3
2072	2072	date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 4
2073	2073	submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 5
2074	2074	regarding the schedule and budget profile to launch the 6
2075	2075	Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission by the end of 7
2076	2076	the decade to fulfill the recommendations of the 8
2077	2077	heliophysics decadal survey. 9
2078	2078	SEC. 614. NANCY GRACE ROMAN TELESCOPE. 10
2079	2079	The Administrator shall continue development of the 11
2080	2080	Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope as directed in sub-12
2081	2081	section 10823(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 13
2082	2082	Administration Authorization Act of 2022 (Public Law 14
2083	2083	117–167; 136 Stat. 1741). 15
2084	2084	SEC. 615. CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY. 16
2085	2085	The Administrator shall, to the greatest extent prac-17
2086	2086	ticable, take no action to reduce or otherwise preclude con-18
2087	2087	tinuation of the science operations of the Chandra X-ray 19
2088	2088	Telescope before the completion and consideration of the 20
2089	2089	next triennial review of mission extensions for the astro-21
2090	2090	physics division conducted pursuant to section 30504 of 22
2091	2091	title 51, United States Code, and NASA’s ongoing oper-23
2092	2092	ations paradigm change review. 24
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2096	2096	TITLE VII—STEM EDUCATION 1
2097	2097	SEC. 701. NATIONAL SPACE GRANT COLLEGE AND FELLOW-2
2098	2098	SHIP PROGRAM. 3
2099	2099	(a) A
2100	2100	MENDMENTS.—Title 51, United States Code, is 4
2101	2101	amended— 5
2102	2102	(1) in section 40303, by striking subsections (d) 6
2103	2103	and (e); and 7
2104	2104	(2) in section 40304— 8
2105	2105	(A) by striking subsection (c) and inserting 9
2106	2106	the following: 10
2107	2107	‘‘(c) S
2108	2108	OLICITATIONS.— 11
2109	2109	‘‘(1) I
2110	2110	N GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 12
2111	2111	issue a solicitation to space grant consortia for the 13
2112	2112	award of grants or contracts under this section at 14
2113	2113	the conclusion of the award cycle for fiscal Year 15
2114	2114	2020 to 2024. The Administrator shall implement 16
2115	2115	the allocation guidance under subsection (e) during 17
2116	2116	each fiscal year covered by the award cycle. 18
2117	2117	‘‘(2) P
2118	2118	ROPOSALS.—A lead institution of a space 19
2119	2119	grant consortium that seeks a grant or contract 20
2120	2120	under this section shall submit, on behalf of such 21
2121	2121	space grant consortium, an application to the Ad-22
2122	2122	ministrator at such time and in such manner and 23
2123	2123	accompanied by such information as the Adminis-24
2124	2124	trator may require. 25
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2128	2128	‘‘(3) AWARDS.—The Administrator shall award 1
2129	2129	1 or more multi-year grants or contracts, disbursed 2
2130	2130	in annual installments, to the lead institution of an 3
2131	2131	eligible space grant consortium of— 4
2132	2132	‘‘(A) each of the 50 States of the United 5
2133	2133	States; 6
2134	2134	‘‘(B) the District of Columbia; and 7
2135	2135	‘‘(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.’’; 8
2136	2136	and 9
2137	2137	(B) by adding at the end the following: 10
2138	2138	‘‘(e) A
2139	2139	LLOCATION OFFUNDING.— 11
2140	2140	‘‘(1) P
2141	2141	ROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION .—To carry 12
2142	2142	out the purposes set forth in section 40301, each fis-13
2143	2143	cal year, the Administrator shall allocate the funds 14
2144	2144	appropriated for the program under this section for 15
2145	2145	the fiscal year to each space grant consortium 16
2146	2146	awarded a grant or contract under subsection (c)(3) 17
2147	2147	in an equal amount. 18
2148	2148	‘‘(2) P
2149	2149	ROGRAM ADMINISTRATION .— 19
2150	2150	‘‘(A) I
2151	2151	N GENERAL.—Each fiscal year, of 20
2152	2152	the funds made available for the National Space 21
2153	2153	Grant College and Fellowship Program, the Ad-22
2154	2154	ministrator shall allocate not more than 10 per-23
2155	2155	cent for the administration of the program. 24
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2159	2159	‘‘(B) COSTS COVERED.—The funds allo-1
2160	2160	cated under paragraph (1) shall cover all costs 2
2161	2161	of the Administration associated with the ad-3
2162	2162	ministration of the National Space Grant Col-4
2163	2163	lege and Fellowship Program, including— 5
2164	2164	‘‘(i) direct costs to the program, in-6
2165	2165	cluding costs relating to support services 7
2166	2166	and civil service salaries and benefits; 8
2167	2167	‘‘(ii) indirect general and administra-9
2168	2168	tive costs of centers and facilities of the 10
2169	2169	Administration; and 11
2170	2170	‘‘(iii) indirect general and administra-12
2171	2171	tive costs of the Administration head-13
2172	2172	quarters. 14
2173	2173	‘‘(3) S
2174	2174	PECIAL OPPORTUNITIES .—Each fiscal 15
2175	2175	year, of the funds made available for the National 16
2176	2176	Space Grant College and Fellowship program, the 17
2177	2177	Administrator shall allocate not more than 5 percent 18
2178	2178	to lead institutions of Space Grant Consortia for 19
2179	2179	grants to carry out innovative approaches and pro-20
2180	2180	grams to further science and education relating to 21
2181	2181	the missions of the Administration pursuant to sub-22
2182	2182	section (b).’’. 23
2183	2183	(b) R
2184	2184	EVIEW.—The Administrator shall make ar-24
2185	2185	rangements for the conduct of a multi-year analysis of the 25
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2189	2189	independent external reviews currently under development 1
2190	2190	in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Pro-2
2191	2191	gram— 3
2192	2192	(1) to evaluate its management, accomplish-4
2193	2193	ments, approach to funding allocation as described 5
2194	2194	in section 40303(e) of title 51, United States Code, 6
2195	2195	and responsiveness to the purposes and goals de-7
2196	2196	fined in chapter 403 of title 51, United States Code; 8
2197	2197	(2) to consider the benefits partnerships with 9
2198	2198	local education agencies, including those in under-10
2199	2199	served and rural areas, may provide; and 11
2200	2200	(3) to propose any statutory updates that may 12
2201	2201	be needed to implement recommendations of the re-13
2202	2202	view. 14
2203	2203	(c) R
2204	2204	EPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 15
2205	2205	of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall sub-16
2206	2206	mit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-17
2207	2207	portation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 18
2208	2208	Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 19
2209	2209	a report on the independent external review of the Na-20
2210	2210	tional Space Grant College and Fellowship Program de-21
2211	2211	scribed in subsection (a). 22
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2215	2215	SEC. 702. SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE EDUCATION 1
2216	2216	OUTREACH. 2
2217	2217	(a) I
2218	2218	NGENERAL.—The Administrator may conduct 3
2219	2219	or support STEM engagement activities that focus on ex-4
2220	2220	panding opportunities for students to pursue skilled tech-5
2221	2221	nical workforce occupations in space and aeronautics. 6
2222	2222	(b) L
2223	2223	EVERAGINGEXISTINGPROGRAMS.—The Ad-7
2224	2224	ministrator, in conducting activities pursuant to sub-8
2225	2225	section (a), shall leverage, as appropriate, existing pro-9
2226	2226	grams of NASA and may consider leveraging other Fed-10
2227	2227	eral programs and interagency initiatives, such as the 11
2228	2228	Manufacturing USA program under section 34 of the Na-12
2229	2229	tional Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 13
2230	2230	U.S.C. 278s). 14
2231	2231	(c) I
2232	2232	NCLUSION.—Activities under subsection (a) may 15
2233	2233	include outreach activities that— 16
2234	2234	(1) engage secondary and post-secondary stu-17
2235	2235	dents, including students at institutions of higher 18
2236	2236	education, 2-year colleges, and high schools and stu-19
2237	2237	dents in vocational or career and technical education 20
2238	2238	programs; 21
2239	2239	(2) expose students to careers that require ca-22
2240	2240	reer and technical education; 23
2241	2241	(3) encourage students to pursue careers that 24
2242	2242	require career and technical education; and 25
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2246	2246	(4) provide students hands-on learning opportu-1
2247	2247	nities to view the manufacturing, assembly, and test-2
2248	2248	ing of NASA-funded space and aeronautical systems, 3
2249	2249	as the Administrator considers appropriate and with 4
2250	2250	consideration of relevant factors such as workplace 5
2251	2251	safety, mission needs, and the protection of sensitive 6
2252	2252	and proprietary technologies. 7
2253	2253	(d) B
2254	2254	RIEFING.—Not later than 1 year after the date 8
2255	2255	of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall pro-9
2256	2256	vide the appropriate committees of Congress with a brief-10
2257	2257	ing on NASA’s activities, and any planned activities, con-11
2258	2258	ducted under this section. 12
2259	2259	(e) D
2260	2260	EFINITIONS.—In this section: 13
2261	2261	(1) I
2262	2262	NSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION .—The 14
2263	2263	term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 15
2264	2264	meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the 16
2265	2265	Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 17
2266	2266	(2) S
2267	2267	KILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE .—The 18
2268	2268	term ‘‘skilled technical workforce’’ has the meaning 19
2269	2269	given the term in section 4(b)(3) of the Innovations 20
2270	2270	in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act 21
2271	2271	(Public Law 115–402; 42 U.S.C. 1862p note). 22
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2275	2275	TITLE VIII—NASA POLICY 1
2276	2276	SEC. 801. NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL. 2
2277	2277	(a) C
2278	2278	ONSULTATION AND ADVICE.—Section 20113(g) 3
2279	2279	of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding 4
2280	2280	‘‘and Congress’’ after ‘‘advice to the Administration’’. 5
2281	2281	(b) S
2282	2282	UNSET.—Effective September 30, 2028, section 6
2283	2283	20113(g) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by 7
2284	2284	striking ‘‘and Congress’’. 8
2285	2285	SEC. 802. NASA ASSESSMENT OF EARLY COST ESTIMATES. 9
2286	2286	Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 10
2287	2287	of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 11
2288	2288	shall transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress 12
2289	2289	a review of the development, application, and assessment 13
2290	2290	of early cost estimates made prior to preliminary design 14
2291	2291	review for NASA missions. The review shall include— 15
2292	2292	(1) an assessment of NASA processes related to 16
2293	2293	the formation and evaluation of proposed and early- 17
2294	2294	stage cost estimates; 18
2295	2295	(2) an evaluation of NASA’s monitoring and 19
2296	2296	management of cost estimates throughout mission 20
2297	2297	development, in accordance with section 10861(b)(4) 21
2298	2298	of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-22
2299	2299	tion Authorization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117– 23
2300	2300	167; 51 U.S.C. 20113 note); and 24
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2304	2304	(3) any such recommendations as the Comp-1
2305	2305	troller General determines appropriate. 2
2306	2306	SEC. 803. AUTHORITY FOR PRODUCTION CONTRACTS FOL-3
2307	2307	LOWING OTHER TRANSACTION PROTOTYPE 4
2308	2308	PROJECTS. 5
2309	2309	Subsection (e) of section 20113 of title 51, United 6
2310	2310	States Code, is amended— 7
2311	2311	(1) by striking ‘‘In the performance of its func-8
2312	2312	tions’’ and inserting the following: 9
2313	2313	‘‘(1) I
2314	2314	N GENERAL.—In the performance of its 10
2315	2315	functions’’; and 11
2316	2316	(2) by adding at the end the following: 12
2317	2317	‘‘(2) O
2318	2318	THER TRANSACTIONS .—In the case of 13
2319	2319	other transactions to carry out prototype projects, a 14
2320	2320	follow-on production or service contract may be 15
2321	2321	awarded to participants in the prototype transaction 16
2322	2322	without the use of competitive procedures, notwith-17
2323	2323	standing the requirements of section 2304 of title 18
2324	2324	10, if— 19
2325	2325	‘‘(A) competitive procedures were used for 20
2326	2326	the selection of parties for participation in the 21
2327	2327	prototype transaction; and 22
2328	2328	‘‘(B) the participants in the transaction 23
2329	2329	performed successfully during the prototype 24
2330	2330	project. 25
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2334	2334	‘‘(3) TREATMENT.—Transactions under this 1
2335	2335	authority shall be treated as an agency procurement 2
2336	2336	for purposes of chapter 21 of title 41, with regard 3
2337	2337	to procurement ethics.’’. 4
2338	2338	SEC. 804. ROLE OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND 5
2339	2339	SPACE ADMINISTRATION IN COMMERCIAL 6
2340	2340	SPACE ACTIVITIES. 7
2341	2341	(a) S
2342	2342	ENSE OFCONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-8
2343	2343	gress that— 9
2344	2344	(1) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-10
2345	2345	istration and the commercial space sector com-11
2346	2346	plement each other in maintaining the leadership 12
2347	2347	role of the United States in outer space activities; 13
2348	2348	(2) as more outer space activities are conducted 14
2349	2349	by private industry, it is vital to define the appro-15
2350	2350	priate role of the National Aeronautics and Space 16
2351	2351	Administration; and 17
2352	2352	(3) the expertise and experience of the National 18
2353	2353	Aeronautics and Space Administration in human 19
2354	2354	space flight is especially important as commercial 20
2355	2355	human space flight activities extend into Earth’s 21
2356	2356	orbit, to the lunar surface, and beyond. 22
2357	2357	(b) B
2358	2358	RIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 23
2359	2359	date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 24
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2362	2362	•S 933 IS
2363	2363	provide the appropriate committees of Congress with a 1
2364	2364	brief on— 2
2365	2365	(1) the current activities of NASA, including 3
2366	2366	the detail of any NASA personnel, to assist the Sec-4
2367	2367	retary of Commerce, the Secretary of Transpor-5
2368	2368	tation, the Federal Communications Commission, or 6
2369	2369	any other relevant Federal agency with the regula-7
2370	2370	tion of the United States commercial space enter-8
2371	2371	prise; 9
2372	2372	(2) a general breakdown of which NASA exper-10
2373	2373	tise, including scientific, technical, and engineering 11
2374	2374	expertise, is being most used in support of other 12
2375	2375	Federal agencies; and 13
2376	2376	(3) expected future growth in the workload of 14
2377	2377	NASA as it relates to the support described in para-15
2378	2378	graph (1). 16
2379	2379	SEC. 805. RESTRICTION ON FEDERAL FUNDS RELATING TO 17
2380	2380	CERTAIN CHINESE SPACE AND SCIENTIFIC 18
2381	2381	ACTIVITIES. 19
2382	2382	(a) I
2383	2383	NGENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 20
2384	2384	(b), no Federal funds authorized in this Act may be obli-21
2385	2385	gated or expended— 22
2386	2386	(1) for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-23
2387	2387	ministration (NASA), the Office of Science and 24
2388	2388	Technology Policy (OSTP), or the National Space 25
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2391	2391	•S 933 IS
2392	2392	Council (NSpC) to develop, design, plan, promul-1
2393	2393	gate, implement, or execute a bilateral policy, pro-2
2394	2394	gram, order, or contract of any kind to participate, 3
2395	2395	collaborate, or coordinate bilaterally in any way with 4
2396	2396	China or any Chinese-owned company unless such 5
2397	2397	activities are specifically authorized by a law enacted 6
2398	2398	after the date of the enactment of this Act; or 7
2399	2399	(2) to effectuate the hosting of official Chinese 8
2400	2400	visitors at facilities belonging to or utilized by 9
2401	2401	NASA. 10
2402	2402	(b) E
2403	2403	XCEPTION.—The restrictions described in sub-11
2404	2404	section (a) shall not apply to activities with respect to 12
2405	2405	which NASA, OSTP, or NSpC, after consultation with the 13
2406	2406	Federal Bureau of Investigation, have certified— 14
2407	2407	(1) pose no risk of resulting in the transfer of 15
2408	2408	technology, data, or other information with national 16
2409	2409	security or economic security implications to China 17
2410	2410	or a Chinese-owned company; and 18
2411	2411	(2) will not involve knowing interactions with 19
2412	2412	officials who have been determined by the United 20
2413	2413	States to have direct involvement with violations of 21
2414	2414	human rights. 22
2415	2415	(c) S
2416	2416	UBMISSION.—Any certification made under sub-23
2417	2417	section (b) shall be submitted to the Committee on Com-24
2418	2418	merce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on 25
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2421	2421	•S 933 IS
2422	2422	Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on Science, 1
2423	2423	Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropria-2
2424	2424	tions of the House of Representatives, and the Federal 3
2425	2425	Bureau of Investigation, not later than 30 days prior to 4
2426	2426	the activity in question. Any such certification shall in-5
2427	2427	clude a description of the purpose of such activity, its 6
2428	2428	agenda, its major participants, and its location and tim-7
2429	2429	ing. 8
2430	2430	SEC. 806. FINDINGS RELATING TO CONTRACT FLEXIBILITY. 9
2431	2431	Congress finds that NASA FAR Supplement (NFS) 10
2432	2432	1852.242–72, Denied Access to NASA Facilities instructs 11
2433	2433	that, for the period that NASA facilities were not acces-12
2434	2434	sible to contractor employees, the contracting officer may 13
2435	2435	adjust the contract performance or delivery schedule, fore-14
2436	2436	go the work, reschedule the work, or consider requests for 15
2437	2437	equitable adjustment to the contract. 16
2438	2438	SEC. 807. GAO REPORT. 17
2439	2439	Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 18
2440	2440	of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 19
2441	2441	shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress 20
2442	2442	a report on fire and emergency services at NASA launch 21
2443	2443	and reentry facilities that assesses the following: 22
2444	2444	(1) Current capabilities and projected demands 23
2445	2445	for NASA-provided fire and emergency services. 24
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2449	2449	(2) The manner in which demand for NASA- 1
2450	2450	provided fire and emergency services have been im-2
2451	2451	pacted by the following: 3
2452	2452	(A) An increased rate of launch and re-4
2453	2453	entry operations. 5
2454	2454	(B) An increased number of leases with 6
2455	2455	commercial launch and reentry service providers 7
2456	2456	for use of NASA property. 8
2457	2457	(3) Current fire and emergency services pro-9
2458	2458	vided by commercial providers to support launch and 10
2459	2459	reentry operations that are conducted— 11
2460	2460	(A) to fulfill a contractual obligation with 12
2461	2461	NASA; or 13
2462	2462	(B) for non-NASA purposes using NASA- 14
2463	2463	leased property. 15
2464	2464	(4) Whether NASA-provided and commercially- 16
2465	2465	provided fire and emergency services are able to 17
2466	2466	meet current and projected demands and support all 18
2467	2467	fire response areas on NASA property. 19
2468	2468	SEC. 808. NASA PUBLIC-PRIVATE TALENT PROGRAM. 20
2469	2469	Section 20113 of title 51, United States Code, is 21
2470	2470	amended by adding at the end the following new sub-22
2471	2471	section: 23
2472	2472	‘‘(o) P
2473	2473	UBLIC-PRIVATETALENTPROGRAM.— 24
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2477	2477	‘‘(1) ASSIGNMENT AUTHORITY .—Under policies 1
2478	2478	and procedures prescribed by the Administration, 2
2479	2479	the Administrator may, with the agreement of a pri-3
2480	2480	vate sector entity and the consent of an employee of 4
2481	2481	the Administration or of such entity, arrange for the 5
2482	2482	temporary assignment of such employee of the Ad-6
2483	2483	ministration to such private sector entity, or of such 7
2484	2484	employee of such entity to the Administration, as 8
2485	2485	the case may be. 9
2486	2486	‘‘(2) A
2487	2487	GREEMENTS.— 10
2488	2488	‘‘(A) I
2489	2489	N GENERAL.—The Administrator 11
2490	2490	shall provide for a written agreement among 12
2491	2491	the Administration, the private sector entity, 13
2492	2492	and the employee concerned regarding the 14
2493	2493	terms and conditions of the employee’s assign-15
2494	2494	ment under this subsection. The agreement 16
2495	2495	shall— 17
2496	2496	‘‘(i) require that the employee of the 18
2497	2497	Administration, upon completion of the as-19
2498	2498	signment, will serve in the Administration, 20
2499	2499	or elsewhere in the civil service if approved 21
2500	2500	by the Administrator, for a period equal to 22
2501	2501	twice the length of the assignment; 23
2502	2502	‘‘(ii) provide that if the employee of 24
2503	2503	the Administration or of the private sector 25
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2506	2506	•S 933 IS
2507	2507	entity (as the case may be) fails to carry 1
2508	2508	out the agreement, such employee shall be 2
2509	2509	liable to the United States for payment of 3
2510	2510	all expenses of the assignment, unless such 4
2511	2511	failure was for good and sufficient reason, 5
2512	2512	as determined by the Administrator; and 6
2513	2513	‘‘(iii) contain language ensuring that 7
2514	2514	such employee of the Administration or of 8
2515	2515	the private sector entity (as the case may 9
2516	2516	be) does not improperly use predecisional 10
2517	2517	or draft deliberative information that such 11
2518	2518	employee may be privy to or aware of re-12
2519	2519	lated to Administration programing, budg-13
2520	2520	eting, resourcing, acquisition, or procure-14
2521	2521	ment for the benefit or advantage of the 15
2522	2522	private sector entity. 16
2523	2523	‘‘(B) T
2524	2524	REATMENT.—An amount for which 17
2525	2525	an employee is liable under subparagraph (A) 18
2526	2526	shall be treated as a debt due the United 19
2527	2527	States. 20
2528	2528	‘‘(C) W
2529	2529	AIVER.—The Administrator may 21
2530	2530	waive, in whole or in part, collection of a debt 22
2531	2531	described in subparagraph (B) based on a de-23
2532	2532	termination that the collection would be against 24
2533	2533	equity and good conscience and not in the best 25
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2537	2537	interests of the United States, after taking into 1
2538	2538	account any indication of fraud, misrepresenta-2
2539	2539	tion, fault, or lack of good faith on the part of 3
2540	2540	the employee concerned. 4
2541	2541	‘‘(3) T
2542	2542	ERMINATION.—An assignment under this 5
2543	2543	subsection may, at any time and for any reason, be 6
2544	2544	terminated by the Administration or the private-sec-7
2545	2545	tor entity concerned, as the case may be. 8
2546	2546	‘‘(4) D
2547	2547	URATION.— 9
2548	2548	‘‘(A) I
2549	2549	N GENERAL.—An assignment under 10
2550	2550	this subsection shall be for a period of not less 11
2551	2551	than 90 days and not more than 2 years, re-12
2552	2552	newable up to a total of three years. An em-13
2553	2553	ployee of the Administration may not be as-14
2554	2554	signed under this subsection for more than a 15
2555	2555	total of 3 years inclusive of all such assign-16
2556	2556	ments. 17
2557	2557	‘‘(B) E
2558	2558	XTENSION.—An assignment under 18
2559	2559	this subsection may be for a period in excess of 19
2560	2560	2 years, but not more than 3 years, if the Ad-20
2561	2561	ministrator determines that such assignment is 21
2562	2562	necessary to meet critical mission or program 22
2563	2563	requirements. 23
2564	2564	‘‘(5) P
2565	2565	OLICIES AND PROCEDURES .— 24
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2569	2569	‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator 1
2570	2570	shall establish policies and procedures relating 2
2571	2571	to assignments under this subsection. 3
2572	2572	‘‘(B) E
2573	2573	LEMENTS.—Policies and procedures 4
2574	2574	established pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall 5
2575	2575	address the following: 6
2576	2576	‘‘(i) The nature and elements of writ-7
2577	2577	ten agreements with participants in assign-8
2578	2578	ments under this subsection. 9
2579	2579	‘‘(ii) Criteria for making such assign-10
2580	2580	ments, including the needs of the Adminis-11
2581	2581	tration relating thereto. 12
2582	2582	‘‘(iii) The manner in which the Ad-13
2583	2583	ministration will oversee such assignments, 14
2584	2584	in particular with respect to paragraphs 15
2585	2585	(2)(A)(iii), (7)(C), and (7)(D). 16
2586	2586	‘‘(iv) Criteria for issuing waivers. 17
2587	2587	‘‘(v) The manner in which expenses 18
2588	2588	under paragraph (2)(A)(ii) would be deter-19
2589	2589	mined. 20
2590	2590	‘‘(vi) Guidance for participants in 21
2591	2591	such assignments. 22
2592	2592	‘‘(vii) Mission Directorate, Office, and 23
2593	2593	organizational structure to implement and 24
2594	2594	manage such assignments. 25
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2598	2598	‘‘(viii) Any other necessary policies, 1
2599	2599	procedures, or guidelines to ensure such 2
2600	2600	assignments comply with all relevant statu-3
2601	2601	tory authorities and ethics rules, and effec-4
2602	2602	tively contribute to one or more of the Ad-5
2603	2603	ministration’s missions. 6
2604	2604	‘‘(C) I
2605	2605	NHERENTLY GOVERNMENTAL AC -7
2606	2606	TIVITIES.—Assignments made under this sub-8
2607	2607	section shall not have responsibilities or per-9
2608	2608	form duties or decision making regarding Ad-10
2609	2609	ministration activities that are inherently gov-11
2610	2610	ernmental, pursuant to section 7.500 of title 12
2611	2611	48, Code of Federal Regulations, and Office of 13
2612	2612	Management and Budget review. 14
2613	2613	‘‘(6) S
2614	2614	TATUS OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES AS -15
2615	2615	SIGNED TO PRIVATE SECTOR ENTITIES .— 16
2616	2616	‘‘(A) I
2617	2617	N GENERAL.—An employee of the 17
2618	2618	Administration who is assigned to a private sec-18
2619	2619	tor entity under this subsection shall be consid-19
2620	2620	ered, during the period of such assignment, to 20
2621	2621	be on detail to a regular work assignment in 21
2622	2622	the Administration for all purposes. The written 22
2623	2623	agreement established under paragraph (2)(A) 23
2624	2624	shall address the specific terms and conditions 24
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2628	2628	related to such employee’s continued status as 1
2629	2629	a Federal employee. 2
2630	2630	‘‘(B) C
2631	2631	ERTIFICATION.—In establishing a 3
2632	2632	temporary assignment of an employee of the 4
2633	2633	Administration to a private sector entity, the 5
2634	2634	Administrator shall certify that such temporary 6
2635	2635	assignment shall not have an adverse or nega-7
2636	2636	tive impact on the mission of the Administra-8
2637	2637	tion or organizational capabilities associated 9
2638	2638	with such assignment. 10
2639	2639	‘‘(7) T
2640	2640	ERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR PRIVATE 11
2641	2641	SECTOR EMPLOYEES .—An employee of a private sec-12
2642	2642	tor entity who is assigned to the Administration 13
2643	2643	under this subsection— 14
2644	2644	‘‘(A) shall continue to receive pay and ben-15
2645	2645	efits from the private sector entity from which 16
2646	2646	such employee is assigned and shall not receive 17
2647	2647	pay or benefits from the Administration, except 18
2648	2648	as provided in subparagraph (B); 19
2649	2649	‘‘(B) is deemed to be an employee of the 20
2650	2650	Administration for the purposes of— 21
2651	2651	‘‘(i) chapters 73 and 81 of title 5; 22
2652	2652	‘‘(ii) sections 201, 203, 205, 207, 23
2653	2653	208, 209, 603, 606, 607, 643, 654, 1905, 24
2654	2654	and 1913 of title 18, except that such sec-25
2655	2655	VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:47 Apr 01, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S933.IS S933
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2657	2657	•S 933 IS
2658	2658	tion 209 does not apply to any salary, or 1
2659	2659	contribution or supplementation of salary 2
2660	2660	made pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this 3
2661	2661	paragraph; 4
2662	2662	‘‘(iii) sections 1343, 1344, and 5
2663	2663	1349(b) of title 31; 6
2664	2664	‘‘(iv) chapter 171 of title 28 (com-7
2665	2665	monly known as the ‘Federal Tort Claims 8
2666	2666	Act’) and any other Federal tort liability 9
2667	2667	statute; 10
2668	2668	‘‘(v) the Ethics in Government Act of 11
2669	2669	1978; and 12
2670	2670	‘‘(vi) chapter 21 of title 41; 13
2671	2671	‘‘(C) shall not have access to any trade se-14
2672	2672	crets or any other nonpublic information which 15
2673	2673	is of commercial value to the private sector en-16
2674	2674	tity from which such employee is assigned; 17
2675	2675	‘‘(D) may not perform work that is consid-18
2676	2676	ered inherently governmental in nature, in ac-19
2677	2677	cordance with paragraph (5)(C); and 20
2678	2678	‘‘(E) may not be used to circumvent— 21
2679	2679	‘‘(i) section 1710 of title 41, United 22
2680	2680	States Code; or 23
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2683	2683	•S 933 IS
2684	2684	‘‘(ii) any limitation or restriction on 1
2685	2685	the size of the Administration’s civil serv-2
2686	2686	ant workforce. 3
2687	2687	‘‘(8) A
2688	2688	DDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS .—The Ad-4
2689	2689	ministrator shall ensure that— 5
2690	2690	‘‘(A) the normal duties and functions of an 6
2691	2691	employee of the Administration who is assigned 7
2692	2692	to a private sector entity under this subsection 8
2693	2693	can be reasonably performed by other employ-9
2694	2694	ees of the Administration without the perma-10
2695	2695	nent transfer or reassignment of other per-11
2696	2696	sonnel of the Administration; 12
2697	2697	‘‘(B) normal duties and functions of such 13
2698	2698	other employees of the Administration are not, 14
2699	2699	as a result of and during the course of such 15
2700	2700	temporary assignment, performed or augmented 16
2701	2701	by contractor personnel in violation of section 17
2702	2702	1710 of title 41; and 18
2703	2703	‘‘(C) not more than 2 percent of the Ad-19
2704	2704	ministration’s civil servant workforce may par-20
2705	2705	ticipate in an assignment under this subsection 21
2706	2706	at the same time. 22
2707	2707	‘‘(9) C
2708	2708	ONFLICTS OF INTEREST .—The Adminis-23
2709	2709	trator shall implement a system to identify, mitigate, 24
2710	2710	and manage any conflicts of interests that may arise 25
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2713	2713	•S 933 IS
2714	2714	as a result of an employee’s assignment under this 1
2715	2715	subsection. 2
2716	2716	‘‘(10) P
2717	2717	ROHIBITION AGAINST CHARGING CER -3
2718	2718	TAIN COSTS TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT .—A 4
2719	2719	private-sector entity may not charge the Administra-5
2720	2720	tion or any other agency of the Federal Government, 6
2721	2721	as direct or indirect costs under a Federal contract, 7
2722	2722	the costs of pay or benefits paid by the entity to an 8
2723	2723	employee assigned to the Administration under this 9
2724	2724	subsection for the period of the assignment con-10
2725	2725	cerned. 11
2726	2726	‘‘(11) C
2727	2727	ONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out this 12
2728	2728	subsection, the Administrator shall take into consid-13
2729	2729	eration— 14
2730	2730	‘‘(A) the question of the manner in which 15
2731	2731	assignments under this subsection might best 16
2732	2732	be used to help meet the needs of the Adminis-17
2733	2733	tration with respect to the training of employ-18
2734	2734	ees; and 19
2735	2735	‘‘(B) as applicable, areas of particular pri-20
2736	2736	vate sector expertise, such as cybersecurity. 21
2737	2737	‘‘(12) NASA
2738	2738	REPORTING.— 22
2739	2739	‘‘(A) I
2740	2740	N GENERAL.—Not later than April 23
2741	2741	30 of each year, the Administrator shall submit 24
2742	2742	to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-25
2743	2743	VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:47 Apr 01, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S933.IS S933
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2745	2745	•S 933 IS
2746	2746	nology of the House of Representatives and the 1
2747	2747	Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-2
2748	2748	portation of the Senate a report summarizing 3
2749	2749	the implementation of this subsection. 4
2750	2750	‘‘(B) C
2751	2751	ONTENTS.—Each report under sub-5
2752	2752	paragraph (A) shall include, with respect to the 6
2753	2753	annual period to which such report relates, the 7
2754	2754	following: 8
2755	2755	‘‘(i) Information relating to the total 9
2756	2756	number of employees of private sector enti-10
2757	2757	ties assigned to the Administration, and 11
2758	2758	the total number of employees of the Ad-12
2759	2759	ministration assigned to private sector en-13
2760	2760	tities. 14
2761	2761	‘‘(ii) A brief description and assess-15
2762	2762	ment of the talent management benefits 16
2763	2763	evidenced from such assignments, as well 17
2764	2764	as any identified strategic human capital 18
2765	2765	and operational challenges, including the 19
2766	2766	following: 20
2767	2767	‘‘(I) An identification of the 21
2768	2768	names of the private sector entities to 22
2769	2769	and from which employees were as-23
2770	2770	signed. 24
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2773	2773	•S 933 IS
2774	2774	‘‘(II) A complete listing of posi-1
2775	2775	tions such employees were assigned to 2
2776	2776	and from. 3
2777	2777	‘‘(III) An identification of as-4
2778	2778	signed roles and objectives of such as-5
2779	2779	signments. 6
2780	2780	‘‘(IV) Information relating to the 7
2781	2781	durations of such assignments. 8
2782	2782	‘‘(V) Information relating to as-9
2783	2783	sociated pay grades and levels. 10
2784	2784	‘‘(iii) An assessment of impacts of 11
2785	2785	such assignments on the Administration 12
2786	2786	workforce and workforce culture. 13
2787	2787	‘‘(iv) An identification of the number 14
2788	2788	of Administration staff and budgetary re-15
2789	2789	sources required to implement this sub-16
2790	2790	section. 17
2791	2791	‘‘(13) F
2792	2792	EDERAL ETHICS.—Nothing in this sub-18
2793	2793	section shall affect existing Federal ethics rules ap-19
2794	2794	plicable to Federal personnel. 20
2795	2795	‘‘(14) GAO
2796	2796	REPORTING.— 21
2797	2797	‘‘(A) I
2798	2798	N GENERAL.—Not later than 3 years 22
2799	2799	after the date of the enactment of this sub-23
2800	2800	section, the Comptroller General of the United 24
2801	2801	States shall submit to the Committee on 25
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2803	2803	ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 95
2804	2804	•S 933 IS
2805	2805	Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 1
2806	2806	Representatives and the Committee on Com-2
2807	2807	merce, Science, and Transportation of the Sen-3
2808	2808	ate a report summarizing the implementation of 4
2809	2809	this subsection. 5
2810	2810	‘‘(B) C
2811	2811	ONTENTS.—The report under sub-6
2812	2812	paragraph (A) shall include the following: 7
2813	2813	‘‘(i) A review of the implementation of 8
2814	2814	this subsection, according to law and the 9
2815	2815	Administration policies and procedures es-10
2816	2816	tablished for assignments under this sub-11
2817	2817	section. 12
2818	2818	‘‘(ii) Information relating to the ex-13
2819	2819	tent to which such assignments adhere to 14
2820	2820	best practices relating to public-private tal-15
2821	2821	ent exchange programs. 16
2822	2822	‘‘(iii) A determination as to whether 17
2823	2823	there should be limitations on the number 18
2824	2824	of individuals participating in such assign-19
2825	2825	ments. 20
2826	2826	‘‘(iv) Information relating to the ex-21
2827	2827	tent to which the Administration complies 22
2828	2828	with statutory requirements and ethics 23
2829	2829	rules, and appropriately handles potential 24
2830	2830	conflicts of interest and access to non-25
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2832	2832	ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS 96
2833	2833	•S 933 IS
2834	2834	public information with respect to such as-1
2835	2835	signments. 2
2836	2836	‘‘(v) Information relating to the extent 3
2837	2837	to which such assignments effectively con-4
2838	2838	tribute to 1 or more of the Administra-5
2839	2839	tion’s missions. 6
2840	2840	‘‘(vi) Information relating to Adminis-7
2841	2841	tration resources, including employee time, 8
2842	2842	dedicated to administering such assign-9
2843	2843	ments, and whether such resources are suf-10
2844	2844	ficient for such administration.’’. 11
2845	2845	SEC. 809. MENTORING. 12
2846	2846	(a) B
2847	2847	RIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 13
2848	2848	date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 14
2849	2849	provide the appropriate committees of Congress with a 15
2850	2850	briefing on existing NASA-wide mentoring programs that 16
2851	2851	are focused in whole or in part on ensuring a robust pipe-17
2852	2852	line for NASA’s civil servant workforce, for early-career, 18
2853	2853	mid-level, and senior-level employees at all NASA Centers 19
2854	2854	and NASA Headquarters. 20
2855	2855	(b) C
2856	2856	ONSIDERATIONS.—As part of the briefing re-21
2857	2857	quired by subsection (a), the Administrator may consider 22
2858	2858	the merits of consolidating existing, disparate programs 23
2859	2859	into a single, unified employee development program. 24
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2862	2862	•S 933 IS
2863	2863	SEC. 810. DRINKING WATER WELL REPLACEMENT FOR 1
2864	2864	CHINCOTEAGUE, VIRGINIA. 2
2865	2865	(a) I
2866	2866	NGENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-3
2867	2867	sion of law, the Administrator may enter into an agree-4
2868	2868	ment, as appropriate, with the Town of Chincoteague, Vir-5
2869	2869	ginia, for a period of up to 5 years, for reimbursement 6
2870	2870	of the Town of Chincoteague’s costs directly associated 7
2871	2871	with the development of a plan for removal of drinking 8
2872	2872	water wells currently situated on NASA-administered 9
2873	2873	property and the establishment of alternative drinking 10
2874	2874	water wells which are located on property under the ad-11
2875	2875	ministrative control, either through lease, ownership, or 12
2876	2876	easement, of the Town of Chincoteague. Such agreement 13
2877	2877	shall, to the extent practicable, include the three remain-14
2878	2878	ing wells to be removed and relocated, the location of the 15
2879	2879	site to which such wells would be relocated or are planned 16
2880	2880	to be relocated, and a current estimated cost of the reloca-17
2881	2881	tion, including for the purchase, lease, or use of additional 18
2882	2882	property, engineering, design, permitting, and construc-19
2883	2883	tion. 20
2884	2884	(b) S
2885	2885	UBMISSION TOCONGRESS.—Not later than 18 21
2886	2886	months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 22
2887	2887	Administrator, in coordination with the heads or other ap-23
2888	2888	propriate representatives of relevant entities, shall submit 24
2889	2889	to the appropriate committees of Congress the agreement 25
2890	2890	under subsection (a). 26
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2893	2893	•S 933 IS
2894	2894	SEC. 811. PASSENGER CARRIER USE FOR ASTRONAUT 1
2895	2895	TRANSPORTATION. 2
2896	2896	(a) I
2897	2897	NGENERAL.—Subchapter III of chapter 201 of 3
2898	2898	title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 4
2899	2899	end the following: 5
2900	2900	‘‘§ 20150. Passenger carrier use for astronaut trans-6
2901	2901	portation 7
2902	2902	‘‘(a) D
2903	2903	EFINITIONS.—In this section: 8
2904	2904	‘‘(1) G
2905	2905	OVERNMENT ASTRONAUT ; INTER-9
2906	2906	NATIONAL PARTNER ASTRONAUT ; SPACE FLIGHT 10
2907	2907	PARTICIPANT; SPACE SUPPORT VEHICLE .—The 11
2908	2908	terms ‘government astronaut’, ‘international partner 12
2909	2909	astronaut’, ‘space flight participant’, and ‘space sup-13
2910	2910	port vehicle’ have the meanings given such terms in 14
2911	2911	section 50902. 15
2912	2912	‘‘(2) M
2913	2913	ISSION.—The term ‘mission’ means an 16
2914	2914	assignment to a space support vehicle of 1 or 17
2915	2915	more— 18
2916	2916	‘‘(A) government astronauts in the course 19
2917	2917	of their employment; or 20
2918	2918	‘‘(B) space flight participants. 21
2919	2919	‘‘(3) O
2920	2920	FFICIAL PURPOSE.—With respect to 22
2921	2921	transportation, the term ‘official purpose’ means 23
2922	2922	transportation necessary for post-mission activities, 24
2923	2923	including medical research, monitoring, diagnosis, 25
2924	2924	and treatment of a government astronaut or space 26
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2927	2927	•S 933 IS
2928	2928	flight participant before receiving post-mission med-1
2929	2929	ical clearance to operate a motor vehicle. 2
2930	2930	‘‘(4) P
2931	2931	ASSENGER CARRIER .—The term ‘pas-3
2932	2932	senger carrier’ means a passenger motor vehicle, air-4
2933	2933	craft, boat, vessel, or other similar means of trans-5
2934	2934	portation that is owned or leased by the United 6
2935	2935	States Government. 7
2936	2936	‘‘(b) A
2937	2937	UTHORITY.— 8
2938	2938	‘‘(1) I
2939	2939	N GENERAL.—The Administrator may au-9
2940	2940	thorize the use of a passenger carrier to transport 10
2941	2941	a government astronaut or space flight participant 11
2942	2942	between the residence of the individual and various 12
2943	2943	locations if— 13
2944	2944	‘‘(A) such transportation is provided for an 14
2945	2945	official purpose; and 15
2946	2946	‘‘(B) the Chief of the Astronaut Office has 16
2947	2947	approved, in writing, post-mission transpor-17
2948	2948	tation of government astronauts and space 18
2949	2949	flight participants under this section. 19
2950	2950	‘‘(2) M
2951	2951	AINTENANCE, OPERATION, AND RE-20
2952	2952	PAIR.—The Administrator may maintain, operate, 21
2953	2953	and repair 1 or more passenger carriers for the pur-22
2954	2954	pose of providing transportation pursuant to the au-23
2955	2955	thority provided in paragraph (1). 24
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2958	2958	•S 933 IS
2959	2959	‘‘(c) REIMBURSEMENT.—Transportation under sub-1
2960	2960	section (b)(1) of an international partner astronaut or a 2
2961	2961	space flight participant who is not an employee of the 3
2962	2962	United States Government shall be subject to reimburse-4
2963	2963	ment to the Treasury. 5
2964	2964	‘‘(d) R
2965	2965	EGULATIONS.—The Administrator shall pro-6
2966	2966	mulgate such regulations as are necessary to carry out this 7
2967	2967	section. 8
2968	2968	‘‘(e) A
2969	2969	PPLICABILITY OFSECTION1344 OFTITLE 9
2970	2970	31.—In carrying out subsection (b), the Administrator 10
2971	2971	may expend funds available to the Administration, by ap-11
2972	2972	propriation or otherwise, notwithstanding section 1344(a) 12
2973	2973	of title 31.’’. 13
2974	2974	(b) C
2975	2975	LERICALAMENDMENT.—The table of contents 14
2976	2976	for chapter 201 of title 51, United States Code, is amend-15
2977	2977	ed by inserting after the item relating to section 20149 16
2978	2978	the following: 17
2979	2979	‘‘20150. Passenger carrier use for astronaut transportation.’’.
2980	2980	SEC. 812. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
2981	2981	18
2982	2982	Nothing in this Act may be construed to alter or limit 19
2983	2983	NASA’s scientific integrity policies. 20
2984	2984	Æ
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