Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session

Us Congress Senate Bill SR81 Compare Versions

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Old	New	Differences
1	1	III
2	2	119THCONGRESS
3	3	1
4	4	STSESSION S. RES. 81
5	5	Calling on the United Kingdom, France, and Germany (E3) to initiate the
6	6	snapback of sanctions on Iran under United Nations Security Council
7	7	Resolution 2231 (2015).
8	8	IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
9	9	FEBRUARY13, 2025
10	10	Mr. R
11	11	ICKETTS(for himself, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. BARRASSO, Mrs. CAPITO, Mrs.
12	12	B
13	13	LACKBURN, Mr. JUSTICE, Mr. HAGERTY, Mr. SHEEHY, Mr. SULLIVAN,
14	14	Ms. L
15	15	UMMIS, Mr. CRAPO, Mrs. FISCHER, Mr. CRUZ, and Mr. YOUNG)
16	16	submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee
17	17	on Foreign Relations
18	18	RESOLUTION
19	19	Calling on the United Kingdom, France, and Germany (E3)
20	20	to initiate the snapback of sanctions on Iran under
21	21	United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015).
22	22	Whereas, on July 15, 2015, the P5+1 (the United States,
23	23	the United Kingdom, France, the People’s Republic of
24	24	China, the Russian Federation, and Germany), the Euro-
25	25	pean Union, and the Islamic Republic of Iran finalized
26	26	the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA);
27	27	Whereas the JCPOA required the Government of Iran to im-
28	28	plement constraints on its uranium enrichment and heavy
29	29	water nuclear reactor programs, as well as allow the
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32	32	•SRES 81 IS
33	33	International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to monitor
34	34	compliance with the agreement;
35	35	Whereas, on July 20, 2015, the United Nations Security
36	36	Council (UNSC) passed Resolution 2231 (UNSCR
37	37	2231), which endorsed the JCPOA and provided for the
38	38	termination of all previous UNSC resolutions targeting
39	39	Iran’s nuclear program (1696, 1737, 1747, 1803 1835,
40	40	and 1929), while maintaining United Nation’s arms re-
41	41	strictions on Iran for 5 years and United Nation’s prohi-
42	42	bitions on Iran’s missile and drone activity for 8 years;
43	43	Whereas, pursuant to the JCPOA, Iran received significant
44	44	sanctions relief from the previous sanctions imposed by
45	45	the European Union, the United States, and previous
46	46	UNSC resolutions;
47	47	Whereas Iran used this sanctions relief to fund its terrorist
48	48	proxies, regional aggression, and its expansion of its bal-
49	49	listic missile program;
50	50	Whereas, on May 8, 2018, President Donald J. Trump an-
51	51	nounced the United States was ceasing its participation
52	52	in the JCPOA and reimposing sanctions against Iran
53	53	that had been previously waived;
54	54	Whereas President Trump’s successful maximum pressure
55	55	campaign imposed significant financial costs on Iran’s re-
56	56	gime ‘‘to alter its course of malign activities and ensure
57	57	that Iranian bad acts are no longer rewarded’’;
58	58	Whereas, Iran has repeatedly violated the terms of the
59	59	JCPOA and UNSCR 2231, including by—
60	60	(1) lifting the cap on its stockpile of uranium;
61	61	(2) increasing its enrichment activities to 60 percent
62	62	purity, expanding its enrichment capabilities;
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66	66	(3) resuming its activity at prohibited nuclear facili-
67	67	ties; and
68	68	(4) preventing the International Atomic Energy
69	69	Agency (IAEA) from being able to effectively monitor its
70	70	nuclear activities;
71	71	Whereas, Iran repeatedly violated UNSCR 2231’s restrictions
72	72	on ballistic missile testing and development, as well as
73	73	United Nations-imposed and internationally binding arms
74	74	export and import embargoes;
75	75	Whereas UNSCR 2231 includes a formal mechanism for a
76	76	participant state of the JCPOA, if it believes there has
77	77	been significant non-performance of commitments under
78	78	the JCPOA by Iran, to trigger a process that would re-
79	79	quire the UNSC to ‘‘snapback’’ all United Nation sanc-
80	80	tions on Iran that has been lifted pursuant to UNSCR
81	81	2231;
82	82	Whereas, on September 14, 2024, in a joint statement, the
83	83	United States and United Kingdom acknowledged pub-
84	84	licly that Iran’s nuclear program ‘‘has never been more
85	85	advanced and posed a clear threat to regional and global
86	86	peace and security’’;
87	87	Whereas, in June and November of 2024, in efforts led by
88	88	France, Germany, the United Kingdom (E3), and the
89	89	United States, the IAEA’s Board of Governors voted to
90	90	censure Iran for non-compliance with its obligations
91	91	under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
92	92	Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July
93	93	1, 1968 (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Nuclear Non-
94	94	proliferation Treaty’’ or ‘‘NPT’’);
95	95	Whereas, on December 9, 2024, the E3 sent a letter to the
96	96	United Nations Security Council stating, ‘‘We reiterate
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100	100	our determination to use all diplomatic tools to prevent
101	101	Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, including using
102	102	snapback if necessary.’’;
103	103	Whereas, on January 6, 2025, President of France Emman-
104	104	uel Macron said the acceleration of Iran’s nuclear pro-
105	105	gram was ‘‘bringing us very close to the breaking point’’
106	106	and said, ‘‘We will have to ask ourselves whether to use
107	107	the mechanism for re-establishing sanctions. We are
108	108	ready to do so if the question arises.’’;
109	109	Whereas, on January 23, 2025, the Director General of the
110	110	IAEA, Rafael Grossi, said that Iran has increased pro-
111	111	duction of 60 percent enriched uranium from 7 kilograms
112	112	to over 30 kilograms per month, and currently possess
113	113	about 200 kilograms, which if enriched to 90 percent
114	114	would amount to at least 5 nuclear weapons; and
115	115	Whereas, under UNSCR 2231, the resolution, including the
116	116	‘‘snapback’’ mechanism, terminates 10 years after Adop-
117	117	tion Day for the JCPOA, which will be October 18, 2025:
118	118	Now, therefore, be it
119	119	Resolved, That the Senate— 1
120	120	(1) recognizes that Iran’s possession of a nu-2
121	121	clear weapon would threaten not only the security of 3
122	122	the United States, but global security at large, in-4
123	123	cluding United States allies and partners in Europe 5
124	124	and the Middle East; 6
125	125	(2) condemns the Government of Iran’s flagrant 7
126	126	and repeated violations of commitments it made 8
127	127	under the JCPOA and its international obligations 9
128	128	under UNSCR 2231; 10
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132	132	(3) condemns the Russian Federation and the 1
133	133	People’s Republic of China, who remain participants 2
134	134	in the JCPOA, for their role in supporting Iran’s 3
135	135	malign activities; 4
136	136	(4) reaffirms that the United States Govern-5
137	137	ment maintains the right to take any necessary 6
138	138	measures to prevent the Government of Iran from 7
139	139	acquiring nuclear weapons; 8
140	140	(5) supports the imposition and enforcement of 9
141	141	robust sanctions on Iran for its nuclear and missile 10
142	142	programs and on entities and individuals involved in 11
143	143	these programs to deter further proliferation efforts; 12
144	144	and 13
145	145	(6) urges the E3 to invoke the ‘‘snapback’’ of 14
146	146	United Nations sanctions against Iran under 15
147	147	UNSCR 2231 as soon as possible before the option 16
148	148	expires on October 18, 2025. 17
149	149	Æ
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