Enrolled Copy S.B. 45
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Juvenile Court Procedures Amendments
2025 GENERAL SESSION
STATE OF UTAH
Chief Sponsor: Todd Weiler
House Sponsor: Nelson T. Abbott
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LONG TITLE
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General Description:
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This bill addresses petitions to modify orders of permanent custody and guardianship.
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Highlighted Provisions:
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This bill:
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▸ describes circumstances under which a parent may file a petition to modify an order of
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permanent custody and guardianship;
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▸ addresses whether a district court or juvenile court retains jurisdiction over an order of
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permanent custody and guardianship;
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▸ provides that a juvenile court shall order a parent to file an order of permanent custody
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and guardianship with the district court in certain circumstances; and
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▸ makes technical and conforming changes.
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Money Appropriated in this Bill:
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None
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Other Special Clauses:
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None
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Utah Code Sections Affected:
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AMENDS:
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78A-5-102, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2024, Chapter 158
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78A-6-103, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2024, Chapter 366
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78A-6-357, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2022, Chapter 334
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78A-7-106, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2024, Forth Special Session, Chapter 1
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80-3-405, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapters 309, 320 and 330
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Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah: S.B. 45 Enrolled Copy
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Section 1. Section 78A-5-102 is amended to read:
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78A-5-102 . Jurisdiction of the district court -- Appeals.
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(1) Except as otherwise provided by the Utah Constitution or by statute, the district court
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has original jurisdiction in all matters civil and criminal.
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(2) A district court judge may:
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(a) issue all extraordinary writs and other writs necessary to carry into effect the district
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court judge's orders, judgments, and decrees; and
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(b) preside over an action for which the Business and Chancery Court has jurisdiction if:
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(i) the district court judge is designated by the presiding officer of the Judicial
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Council to preside over an action in the Business and Chancery Court as described
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in Section 78A-1-103.5; and
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(ii) a Business and Chancery Court judge is unable to preside over the action due to
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recusal or disqualification.
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(3) The district court has jurisdiction:
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(a) over matters of lawyer discipline consistent with the rules of the Supreme Court;
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(b) over all matters properly filed in the circuit court prior to July 1, 1996;
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(c) to enforce foreign protective orders as described in Subsection 78B-7-303(8);
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(d) to enjoin a violation of Title 58, Chapter 37, Utah Controlled Substances Act;
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(e) over a petition seeking to terminate parental rights as described in Section 78B-6-112;
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(f) except as provided in Subsection 78A-6-103(2)(a)(xiv), over an adoption proceeding;
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and
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(g) to issue a declaratory judgment as described in Title 78B, Chapter 6, Part 4,
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Declaratory Judgments.
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(4) The district court has appellate jurisdiction over judgments and orders of the justice
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court as outlined in Section 78A-7-118 and small claims appeals filed in accordance
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with Section 78A-8-106.
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(5) The district court has jurisdiction to review:
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(a) a municipal administrative proceeding as described in Section 10-3-703.7;
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(b) a decision resulting from a formal adjudicative proceeding by the State Tax
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Commission as described in Section 59-1-601;
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(c) except as provided in Section 63G-4-402, a final agency action resulting from an
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informal adjudicative proceeding as described in Title 63G, Chapter 4,
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Administrative Procedures Act; and
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(d) by trial de novo, a final order of the Department of Transportation resulting from
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formal and informal adjudicative proceedings under Title 72, Chapter 7, Part 2,
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Junkyard Control Act.
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(6) The district court has original and exclusive jurisdiction over an action brought under
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Title 63G, Chapter 7, Governmental Immunity Act of Utah.
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(7) The district court has exclusive jurisdiction to modify a juvenile court's permanent
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custody and guardianship order as described in Subsection 78A-6-357(3)(e)(ii).
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[(7)] (8) Notwithstanding Section 78A-7-106, the district court has original jurisdiction over
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a class B misdemeanor, a class C misdemeanor, an infraction, or a violation of an
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ordinance for which a justice court has original jurisdiction under Section 78A-7-106 if:
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(a) there is no justice court with territorial jurisdiction;
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(b) the offense occurred within the boundaries of the municipality in which the district
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courthouse is located and that municipality has not formed, or has formed and
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dissolved, a justice court; or
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(c) the offense is included in an indictment or information covering a single criminal
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episode alleging the commission of a felony or a class A misdemeanor by an
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individual who is 18 years old or older.
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[(8)] (9) If a district court has jurisdiction in accordance with Subsection (4), [(7)(a)] (8)(a),
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or [(7)(b)] (8)(b), the district court has jurisdiction over an offense listed in Subsection
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78A-7-106(2) even if the offense is committed by an individual who is 16 or 17 years
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old.
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[(9)] (10) The district court has subject matter jurisdiction over an action under Title 78B,
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Chapter 7, Part 2, Child Protective Orders, if the juvenile court transfers the action to the
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district court.
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[(10)] (11)(a) The district court has subject matter jurisdiction over a criminal action that
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the justice court transfers to the district court.
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(b) Notwithstanding Subsection 78A-7-106(1), the district court has original jurisdiction
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over any refiled case of a criminal action transferred to the district court if the district
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court dismissed the transferred case without prejudice.
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[(11)] (12) The Supreme Court and Court of Appeals have jurisdiction over an appeal from
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a final order, judgment, and decree of the district court as described in Sections
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78A-3-102 and 78A-4-103.
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Section 2. Section 78A-6-103 is amended to read:
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78A-6-103 . Original jurisdiction of the juvenile court -- Magistrate functions --
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Findings -- Transfer of a case from another court.
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(1) Except as provided in Subsection (3), the juvenile court has original jurisdiction over:
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(a) a felony, misdemeanor, infraction, or violation of an ordinance, under municipal,
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state, or federal law, that was committed by a child;
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(b) a felony, misdemeanor, infraction, or violation of an ordinance, under municipal,
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state, or federal law, that was committed by an individual:
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(i) who is under 21 years old at the time of all court proceedings; and
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(ii) who was under 18 years old at the time the offense was committed; and
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(c) a misdemeanor, infraction, or violation of an ordinance, under municipal or state law,
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that was committed:
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(i) by an individual:
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(A) who was 18 years old and enrolled in high school at the time of the offense;
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and
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(B) who is under 21 years old at the time of all court proceedings; and
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(ii) on school property where the individual was enrolled:
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(A) when school was in session; or
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(B) during a school-sponsored activity, as defined in Section 53G-8-211.
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(2) The juvenile court has original jurisdiction over:
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(a) any proceeding concerning:
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(i) a child who is an abused child, neglected child, or dependent child;
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(ii) a protective order for a child in accordance with Title 78B, Chapter 7, Part 2,
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Child Protective Orders;
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(iii) the appointment of a guardian of the individual or other guardian of a minor who
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comes within the court's jurisdiction under other provisions of this section;
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(iv) the emancipation of a minor in accordance with Title 80, Chapter 7,
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Emancipation;
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(v) the termination of parental rights in accordance with Title 80, Chapter 4,
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Termination and Restoration of Parental Rights, including termination of residual
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parental rights and duties;
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(vi) the treatment or commitment of a minor who has an intellectual disability;
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(vii) the judicial consent to the marriage of a minor who is 16 or 17 years old in
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accordance with Section 81-2-304;
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(viii) an order for a parent or a guardian of a child under Subsection 80-6-705(3);
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(ix) a minor under Title 80, Chapter 6, Part 11, Interstate Compact for Juveniles;
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(x) the treatment or commitment of a child with a mental illness;
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(xi) the commitment of a child to a secure drug or alcohol facility in accordance with
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Section 26B-5-204;
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(xii) a minor found not competent to proceed in accordance with Title 80, Chapter 6,
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Part 4, Competency;
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(xiii) de novo review of final agency actions resulting from an informal adjudicative
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proceeding as provided in Section 63G-4-402;
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(xiv) adoptions conducted in accordance with the procedures described in Title 78B,
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Chapter 6, Part 1, Utah Adoption Act, if the juvenile court has previously entered
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an order terminating the rights of a parent and finds that adoption is in the best
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interest of the child;
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(xv) an ungovernable or runaway child who is referred to the juvenile court by the
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Division of Juvenile Justice and Youth Services if, despite earnest and persistent
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efforts by the Division of Juvenile Justice and Youth Services, the child has
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demonstrated that the child:
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(A) is beyond the control of the child's parent, guardian, or custodian to the extent
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that the child's behavior or condition endangers the child's own welfare or the
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welfare of others; or
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(B) has run away from home; and
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(xvi) a criminal information filed under Part 4a, Adult Criminal Proceedings, for an
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adult alleged to have committed an offense under Subsection 78A-6-352(4)(b) for
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failure to comply with a promise to appear and bring a child to the juvenile court;
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(b) a petition for expungement under Title 80, Chapter 6, Part 10, Juvenile Records and
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Expungement;
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(c) the extension of a nonjudicial adjustment under Section 80-6-304;
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(d) a petition for special findings under Section 80-3-305; and
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(e) a referral of a minor for being a habitual truant as defined in Section 53G-8-211.
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(3) The juvenile court does not have original jurisdiction over an offense committed by a
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minor as described in Subsection (1) if:
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(a) the district court has original jurisdiction over the offense under Section 78A-5-102.5;
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(b) the district court has original jurisdiction over the offense under Subsection [
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78A-5-102(8)] 78A-5-102(9), unless the juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction over
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the offense under Section 78A-6-103.5; or
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(c) the justice court has original jurisdiction over the offense under Subsection
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78A-7-106(2), unless the juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction over the offense
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under Section 78A-6-103.5.
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(4) It is not necessary for a minor to be adjudicated for an offense or violation of the law
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under Section 80-6-701 for the juvenile court to exercise jurisdiction under Subsection
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(2)(a)(xvi), (b), or (c).
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(5) This section does not restrict the right of access to the juvenile court by private agencies
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or other persons.
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(6) The juvenile court has jurisdiction of all magistrate functions relative to cases arising
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under Title 80, Chapter 6, Part 5, Transfer to District Court.
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(7) The juvenile court has jurisdiction to make a finding of substantiated, unsubstantiated,
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or without merit, in accordance with Section 80-3-404.
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(8) The juvenile court has jurisdiction over matters transferred to the juvenile court by
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another trial court in accordance with Subsection 78A-7-106(6) and Section 80-6-303.
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(9) The juvenile court has jurisdiction to enforce foreign protection orders as described in
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Subsection 78B-7-303(8).
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Section 3. Section 78A-6-357 is amended to read:
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78A-6-357 . New hearings -- Modification of order or decree -- Requirements for
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changing or terminating custody, probation, or protective supervision.
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(1) If a party seeks a new hearing after an adjudication under Title 80, Utah Juvenile Code,
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Rule 48 of the Utah Rules of Juvenile Procedure shall govern the matter of granting a
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new hearing.
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(2)(a) Except as provided in Subsection (3), a juvenile court may modify or set aside any
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order or decree made by the juvenile court.
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(b) A modification of an order placing a minor on probation may not:
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(i) include an order under Section 80-3-405, 80-6-703, 80-6-704, or 80-6-705; or
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(ii) extend supervision over a minor, except in accordance with Section 80-6-712.
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(3)(a) A parent or guardian of a child whose legal custody has been transferred by the
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juvenile court to an individual, agency, or institution may petition the juvenile court
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for restoration of custody or other modification or revocation of the juvenile court's
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order or decree, except as provided in Subsections (3)(b), (c), and (d) and for a
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transfer of legal custody for secure care.
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(b) A parent or guardian may only petition the juvenile court under Subsection (3)(a) on
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the ground that a change of circumstances has occurred that requires modification or
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revocation in the best interest of the child or the public.
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(c) A parent may not file a petition after the parent's parental rights have been terminated
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in accordance with Title 80, Chapter 4, Termination and Restoration of Parental
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Rights.
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(d) [A] Except as provided in Subsection (3)(e), a parent may not file a petition for
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restoration of custody under this section during the existence of a permanent
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guardianship established for the child under Subsection 80-3-405(2)(d).
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(e)(i) A parent may file a petition to modify an order of permanent custody and
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guardianship only if:
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(A) the order granted permanent custody and guardianship to the child's other
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parent; and
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(B) the petitioning parent can demonstrate that a substantial and material change
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of circumstance has occurred.
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(ii) A parent shall file a petition to modify an order of permanent custody and
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guardianship in the district court, if:
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(A) the juvenile court ordered a parent to file the order in a pending district court
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case under Subsection 80-3-405(2)(d)(iv); or
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(B) a case involving custody, support, or parent-time relating to the child who is
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the subject of the juvenile court's order is filed in district court subsequent to
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the juvenile court issuing the permanent custody and guardianship order.
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(4)(a) An individual, agency, or institution vested with legal custody of a child may
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petition the juvenile court for a modification of the custody order on the ground that
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the change is necessary for the welfare of the child or in the public interest.
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(b) The juvenile court shall proceed upon the petition in accordance with this section.
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(5) Notice of hearing is required in any case in which the effect of modifying or setting
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aside an order or decree may be to make any change in the minor's legal custody under
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Section 80-3-405 or 80-6-703.
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(6)(a) Upon the filing of a petition under Subsection (3)(a), the juvenile court shall make
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a preliminary investigation.
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(b) After the preliminary investigation described in Subsection (6)(a), the juvenile court:
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(i) may dismiss the petition if the juvenile court finds the alleged change of
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circumstances, if proved, would not affect the decree; or
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(ii) shall conduct a hearing, if the juvenile court finds that further examination of the
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facts is needed, or if the juvenile court on the juvenile court's own motion
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determines that the juvenile court's order or decree should be reviewed.
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(c) Notice of the hearing described in Subsection (6)(b)(ii) shall be given to all interested
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persons.
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(d) At a hearing under Subsection (6)(b)(ii), the juvenile court may enter an order
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continuing, modifying, or terminating the juvenile court's order or decree.
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(7) Notice of an order terminating probation or protective supervision of a child shall be
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given to:
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(a) the child's parent;
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(b) the child's guardian;
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(c) the child's custodian; and
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(d) if appropriate, to the child.
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(8) Notice of an order terminating probation or protective supervision of a minor who is at
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least 18 years old shall be given to the minor.
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Section 4. Section 78A-7-106 is amended to read:
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78A-7-106 . Original jurisdiction of a justice court -- Territorial jurisdiction --
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Transfer of a domestic violence case.
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(1) A justice court has original jurisdiction over class B and C misdemeanors, violations of
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ordinances, and infractions committed within the justice court's territorial jurisdiction by
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an individual who is 18 years old or older.
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(2) A justice court has original jurisdiction over the following offenses committed within
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the justice court's territorial jurisdiction by a minor or an adult high school student:
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(a) class C misdemeanor and infraction violations described in Title 53, Chapter 3, Part
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2, Driver Licensing Act; and
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(b) class B and C misdemeanor and infraction violations described in:
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(i) Title 23A, Wildlife Resources Act;
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(ii) Title 41, Chapter 1a, Motor Vehicle Act;
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(iii) Title 41, Chapter 6a, Traffic Code;
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(iv) Title 41, Chapter 12a, Financial Responsibility of Motor Vehicle Owners and
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Operators Act;
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(v) Title 41, Chapter 22, Off-highway Vehicles;
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(vi) Title 73, Chapter 18, State Boating Act;
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(vii) Title 73, Chapter 18a, Boating - Litter and Pollution Control;
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(viii) Title 73, Chapter 18b, Water Safety; and
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(ix) Title 73, Chapter 18c, Financial Responsibility of Motorboat Owners and
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Operators Act.
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(3) Notwithstanding Subsection (1) or (2), a justice court does not have original jurisdiction
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over:
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(a) an offense described in Subsection (1) or (2) if:
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(i) the district court has exclusive jurisdiction over the offense in accordance with
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Subsection [78A-5-102(8)] 78A-5-102(9) or Section 78A-5-102.5; or
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(ii) the juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction over the offense in accordance with
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Section 78A-6-103.5; or
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(b) the following offenses committed within the justice court's territorial jurisdiction by
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a minor or an adult high school student:
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(i) class B and C misdemeanor violations described in Title 41, Chapter 6a, Part 5,
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Driving Under the Influence and Reckless Driving; and
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(ii) a class B misdemeanor violation described in Section 73-18-12.
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(4) A justice court has jurisdiction over:
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(a) a small claims case under Chapter 8, Small Claims Courts, if a defendant resides in
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or the debt arose within the territorial jurisdiction of the justice court; and
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(b) a petition for expungement as described in Title 77, Chapter 40a, Expungement of
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Criminal Records.
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(5) An offense is committed within the territorial jurisdiction of a justice court if:
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(a) conduct constituting an element of the offense or a result constituting an element of
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the offense occurs within the court's jurisdiction, regardless of whether the conduct or
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result is itself unlawful;
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(b) either an individual committing an offense or a victim of an offense is located within
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the court's jurisdiction at the time the offense is committed;
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(c) either a cause of injury occurs within the court's jurisdiction or the injury occurs
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within the court's jurisdiction;
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(d) an individual commits any act constituting an element of an inchoate offense within
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the court's jurisdiction, including an agreement in a conspiracy;
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(e) an individual solicits, aids, or abets, or attempts to solicit, aid, or abet another
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individual in the planning or commission of an offense within the court's jurisdiction;
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(f) the investigation of the offense does not readily indicate in which court's jurisdiction
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the offense occurred, and:
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(i) the offense is committed upon or in any railroad car, vehicle, watercraft, or aircraft
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passing within the court's jurisdiction;
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(ii) the offense is committed on or in any body of water bordering on or within this
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state if the territorial limits of the justice court are adjacent to the body of water;
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(iii) an individual who commits theft exercises control over the affected property
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within the court's jurisdiction; or
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(iv) the offense is committed on or near the boundary of the court's jurisdiction;
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(g) the offense consists of an unlawful communication that was initiated or received
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within the court's jurisdiction; or
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(h) jurisdiction is otherwise specifically provided by law.
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(6) If a defendant in a criminal case before a justice court is a minor, the justice court may
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transfer the case to the juvenile court for further proceedings if the justice court
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determines and the juvenile court concurs that the best interests of the defendant would
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be served by the continuing jurisdiction of the juvenile court.
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(7)(a) If a justice court has jurisdiction over a criminal action involving a domestic
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violence offense and the criminal action is set for trial, the prosecuting attorney or the
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defendant may file a notice of transfer in the justice court to transfer the criminal
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action from the justice court to the district court.
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(b) If a prosecuting attorney files a notice of transfer, the prosecuting attorney shall
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certify in the notice of transfer that the prosecuting attorney, or a representative from
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the prosecuting attorney's office, has consulted with, or notified, all of the alleged
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victims about transferring the criminal action to the district court.
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(c) The justice court shall transfer a criminal action to the district court if the justice
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court receives a notice of transfer from:
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(i) the defendant as described in Subsection (7)(b); or
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(ii) the prosecuting attorney as described in Subsection (7)(b) and the prosecuting
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attorney's notice of intent complies with Subsection (7)(c).
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Section 5. Section 80-3-405 is amended to read:
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80-3-405 . Dispositions after adjudication.
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(1) Upon adjudication under Subsection 80-3-402(1), the juvenile court may make the
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dispositions described in Subsection (2) at the dispositional hearing.
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(2)(a)(i) The juvenile court may vest custody of an abused, neglected, or dependent
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minor in the division or any other appropriate person, with or without
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court-specified child welfare services, in accordance with the requirements and
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procedures of this chapter.
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(ii) When placing a minor in the custody of the division or any other appropriate
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person, the juvenile court:
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(A) shall give primary consideration to the welfare of the minor;
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(B) shall give due consideration to the rights of the parent or parents concerning
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the minor; and
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(C) when practicable, may take into consideration the religious preferences of the
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minor and of the minor's parents or guardian.
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(b)(i) The juvenile court may appoint a guardian for the minor if it appears necessary
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in the interest of the minor.
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(ii) A guardian appointed under Subsection (2)(b)(i) may be a public or private
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institution or agency, but not a nonsecure residential placement provider, in which
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legal custody of the minor is vested.
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(iii) When placing a minor under the guardianship of an individual or of a private
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agency or institution, the juvenile court:
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(A) shall give primary consideration to the welfare of the minor; and
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(B) when practicable, may take into consideration the religious preferences of the
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minor and of the minor's parents or guardian.
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(c) The juvenile court may order:
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(i) protective supervision;
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(ii) family preservation;
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(iii) sibling visitation; or
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(iv) other services.
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(d)(i) If a minor has been placed with an individual or relative as a result of an
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adjudication under this chapter, the juvenile court may enter an order of
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permanent legal custody and guardianship with the individual or relative of the
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minor.
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(ii) If a juvenile court enters an order of permanent custody and guardianship with an
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individual or relative of a minor under Subsection (2)(d)(i), the juvenile court
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may, in accordance with Section 78A-6-356, enter an order for child support on
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behalf of the minor against the natural parents of the minor.
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(iii) An order under this Subsection (2)(d):
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(A) shall remain in effect until the minor is 18 years old;
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(B) is not subject to review under Section 78A-6-358; and
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(C) may be modified by petition or motion as provided in Section 78A-6-357.
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(iv) If the district court has a pending case concerning questions of custody, support,
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or parent-time, and if the juvenile court grants an order of permanent custody and
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guardianship with one of the child's parents under this Subsection (2)(d), the
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juvenile court shall order one of the child's parents to file the order of permanent
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custody and guardianship with the district court within a reasonable time.
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(e) The juvenile court may order a child be committed to the physical custody, as
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defined in Section 26B-5-401, of a local mental health authority, in accordance with
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the procedures and requirements of Title 26B, Chapter 5, Part 4, Commitment of
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Persons Under Age 18.
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(f)(i) If the child has an intellectual disability, the juvenile court may make an order
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committing a minor to the Utah State Developmental Center in accordance with
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Title 26B, Chapter 6, Part 6, Admission to an Intermediate Care Facility for
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People with an Intellectual Disability.
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(ii) The juvenile court shall follow the procedure applicable in the district court with
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respect to judicial commitments to the Utah State Developmental Center when
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ordering a commitment under Subsection (2)(f)(i).
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(g)(i) Subject to Subsection 80-1-102(58)(b) and Section 80-3-304, the juvenile court
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may order that a minor:
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(A) be examined or treated by a mental health therapist, as described in Section
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80-3-109; or
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(B) receive other special care.
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(ii) For purposes of receiving the examination, treatment, or care described in
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Subsection (2)(g)(i), the juvenile court may place the minor in a hospital or other
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suitable facility that is not secure care or secure detention.
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(iii) In determining whether to order the examination, treatment, or care described in
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Subsection (2)(g)(i), the juvenile court shall consider:
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(A) the desires of the minor;
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(B) the desires of the parent or guardian of the minor if the minor is younger than
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18 years old; and
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(C) whether the potential benefits of the examination, treatment, or care outweigh
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the potential risks and side-effects, including behavioral disturbances, suicidal
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ideation, brain function impairment, or emotional or physical harm resulting
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from the compulsory nature of the examination, treatment, or care.
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(h) The juvenile court may make other reasonable orders for the best interest of the
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minor.
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(3)(a) At the dispositional hearing described in Subsection 80-3-402(3), if a child
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remains in an out-of-home placement, the juvenile court shall:
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(i) make specific findings regarding the conditions of parent-time that are in the
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child's best interest; and
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(ii) if parent-time is denied, state the facts that justify the denial.
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(b) Parent-time shall be under the least restrictive conditions necessary to:
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(i) protect the physical safety of the child; or
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(ii) prevent the child from being traumatized by contact with the parent due to the
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child's fear of the parent in light of the nature of the alleged abuse or neglect.
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(c)(i) The division or the person designated by the division or a court to supervise a
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parent-time session may deny parent-time for the session if the division or the
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supervising person determines that, based on the parent's condition, it is necessary
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to deny parent-time to:
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(A) protect the physical safety of the child;
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(B) protect the life of the child; or
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(C) consistent with Subsection (3)(c)(ii), prevent the child from being traumatized
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by contact with the parent.
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(ii) In determining whether the condition of the parent described in Subsection
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(3)(c)(i) will traumatize a child, the division or the person supervising the
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parent-time session shall consider the impact that the parent's condition will have
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on the child in light of:
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(A) the child's fear of the parent; and
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(B) the nature of the alleged abuse or neglect.
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(4) Upon an adjudication under this chapter, the juvenile court may not:
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(a) commit a minor solely on the ground of abuse, neglect, or dependency to the
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Division of Juvenile Justice and Youth Services;
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(b) assume the function of developing foster home services; or
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(c) vest legal custody of an abused, neglected, or dependent minor in the division to
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primarily address the minor's ungovernable or other behavior, mental health, or
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disability, unless the division:
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(i) engages other relevant divisions within the department that are conducting an
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assessment of the minor and the minor's family's needs;
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(ii) based on the assessment described in Subsection (4)(c)(i), determines that vesting
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custody of the minor in the division is the least restrictive intervention for the
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minor that meets the minor's needs; and
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(iii) consents to legal custody of the minor being vested in the division.
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(5) The juvenile court may combine the dispositions listed in Subsection (2) if combining
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the dispositions is permissible and the dispositions are compatible.
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(6)(a) If, for a relative placement, an interstate placement requested under the Interstate
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Compact on the Placement of Children has been initiated by the division or is ordered
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by or pending before the juvenile court, the court may not finalize a non-relative
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placement unless the court gives due weight to:
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(i) the preferential consideration granted to a relative in Section 80-3-302;
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(ii) the rebuttable presumption in Section 80-3-302; and
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(iii) the division's placement authority under Subsections 80-1-102(50) and
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80-3-303(1).
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(b) Nothing in this section affects the ability of a foster parent to petition the juvenile
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court under Subsection 80-3-502(3).
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Section 6. Effective Date.
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This bill takes effect on May 7, 2025.
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