Utah 2025 Regular Session

Utah Senate Bill SB0271 Compare Versions

Version 1 (Old)

Version 2 (New)

Old	New		Differences
1		-	Enrolled Copy S.B. 271
	1	+	02-27 18:29 1st Sub. (Green) S.B. 271
	2	+	Michael K. McKell proposes the following substitute bill:
2	3		1
3	4		Unauthorized Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Amendments
4	5		2025 GENERAL SESSION
5	6		STATE OF UTAH
6	7		Chief Sponsor: Michael K. McKell
7	8		House Sponsor: Jordan D. Teuscher
8	9		2
9	10
10	11		3
11	12		LONG TITLE
12	13		4
13	14		General Description:
14	15		5
15	16		This bill modifies provisions relating to the unauthorized use of an individual's personal
16	17		6
17	18		identity, including use through artificial intelligence technology.
18	19		7
19	20		Highlighted Provisions:
20	21		8
21	22		This bill:
22	23		9
23	24		▸ defines terms;
24	25		10
25	26		▸ expands the scope of what constitutes abuse of personal identity to include unauthorized
26	27		11
27	28		commercial use of simulated or artificially recreated personal identities;
28	29		12
29	30		▸ prohibits the distribution of technology primarily designed for unauthorized creation of
30	31		13
31	32		content using personal identities for commercial purposes;
32	33		14
33	34		▸ creates exemptions for certain fair uses of personal identity; and
34	35		15
35	36		▸ makes technical and conforming changes.
36	37		16
37	38		Money Appropriated in this Bill:
38	39		17
39	40		None
40	41		18
41	42		Other Special Clauses:
42	43		19
43	44		None
44	45		20
45	46		Utah Code Sections Affected:
46	47		21
47	48		AMENDS:
48	49		22
49	50		45-3-2, as last amended by Laws of Utah 1999, Chapter 146
50	51		23
51	52		45-3-3, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapter 424
52	53		24
53	54		45-3-4, as enacted by Laws of Utah 1981, Chapter 95
54	55		25
55	56		45-3-5, as enacted by Laws of Utah 1981, Chapter 95
56	57		26
57	58		ENACTS:
58	59		27
59		-	45-3-7, Utah Code Annotated 1953 ~~S.B. 271 Enrolled Copy~~
	60	+	45-3-7, Utah Code Annotated 1953
60	61		28
61	62
	63	+	1st Sub. S.B. 271 1st Sub. (Green) S.B. 271 02-27 18:29
62	64		29
63	65		Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
64	66		30
65	67		Section 1. Section 45-3-2 is amended to read:
66	68		31
67	69		45-3-2 . Definitions.
68	70		32
69	71		As used in this act:
70	72		33
71	73		(1) "Advertisement" means a notice designed to attract public attention or patronage and
72	74		34
73	75		includes a list of supporters for a particular cause.
74	76		35
75	77		(2) "Cause the publication" means[ ] :
76	78		36
77	79		(a) that a person:
78	80		37
79	81		(i) prepares or requests another to prepare:
80	82		38
81	83		(A) an advertisement of the type described in Subsection 45-3-3(1)[,] ; or
82	84		39
83	85		(B) [and that person ] content that uses, simulates, or recreates an individual's
84	86		40
85	87		personal identity; and
86	88		41
87	89		(ii) submits or requests another to submit the advertisement [to a publisher,] or
88	90		42
89	91		content for publication; and
90	92		43
91	93		(b) the advertisement or content has been published.
92	94		44
93	95		(3)(a) "Consent" means [a person's] an individual's voluntary agreement to the use of that [
94	96		45
95	97		person's name, title, picture, or portrait] individual's personal identity.
96	98		46
97	99		(b) "Consent" may not be inferred by the failure of the [person ] individual to request that
98	100		47
99	101		the [person's name, title, picture, or portrait] individual's personal identity not be used
100	102		48
101	103		or that the [person's] individual's name be removed from a mailing or supporter list.
102	104		49
103	105		(4) "Content" means audio, video, image, text, or other media, regardless of format.
104	106		50
105	107		[(4)] (5) "Generative artificial intelligence" means an artificial intelligence technology
106	108		51
107	109		system that:
108	110		52
109	111		(a) is trained on data;
110	112		53
111	113		(b) is designed to simulate human conversation with a consumer through one or more of
112	114		54
113	115		the following:
114	116		55
115	117		(i) text;
116	118		56
117	119		(ii) audio; or
118	120		57
119	121		(iii) visual communication; and
120	122		58
121	123		(c) generates non-scripted outputs similar to outputs created by a human, with limited or
122	124		59
123	125		no human oversight.
124	126		60
125	127		(6) "Individual" means a natural person.
126	128		61
127	129		[(5)] (7) "Person" means any natural person, firm, partnership, association, corporation, joint
128		-	- 2 - Enrolled Copy S.B. 271
129	130		62
130	131		venture, or any other form of business organization or arrangement, and the agents or
	132	+	- 2 - 02-27 18:29 1st Sub. (Green) S.B. 271
131	133		63
132	134		representatives of such persons.
133	135		64
134	136		[(6)] (8)(a) "Personal identity" means an individual's:
135	137		65
136	138		(i) name[,] ;
137	139		66
138	140		(ii) title[,] ;
139	141		67
140	142		(iii) picture[, or ] ;
141	143		68
142	144		(iv) portrait[.] ;
143	145		69
144	146		(v) video likeness;
145	147		70
146	148		(vi) voice; or
147	149		71
148	150		(vii) audiovisual appearance.
149	151		72
150	152		(b) "Personal identity" includes any simulation, reproduction, or artificial recreation of
151	153		73
152	154		the content described in Subsection (8)(a), whether created through:
153	155		74
154	156		(i) generative artificial intelligence;
155	157		75
156	158		(ii) computer animation;
157	159		76
158	160		(iii) digital manipulation; or
159	161		77
160	162		(iv) any other technological means.
161	163		78
162	164		[(7)] (9) "Publish" means that a person provides the instrumentality through which an
163	165		79
164	166		advertisement or content is communicated to the public at large or to a significant
165	167		80
166	168		portion thereof.
167	169		81
168		-	(10) "Voice" means a computer-generated sound in a medium that is readily identifiable
	170	+	(10) "Voice" means Ŝ→ [the actual or simulated sound of an individual's speech that is
	171	+	81a
	172	+	readily ] ←Ŝ
169	173		82
170		-	and attributable to a particular individual, regardless of whether the sound contains the
	174	+	Ŝ→ [identifiable as attributable to that individual, regardless of the method used to create
	175	+	82a
	176	+	or ] ←Ŝ
171	177		83
172		-	actual voice of the individual.
	178	+	Ŝ→ [simulate the voice.] a computer-generated sound in a medium that is readily
	179	+	83a
	180	+	identifiable and attributable to a particular individual, regardless of whether the sound
	181	+	83b
	182	+	contains the actual voice of the individual. ←Ŝ
173	183		84
174	184		Section 2. Section 45-3-3 is amended to read:
175	185		85
176	186		45-3-3 . Acts constituting abuse -- Permitting prosecution.
177	187		86
178	188		(1) Except for purposes of the criminal penalty in Section 76-9-407, the personal identity of
179	189		87
180	190		an individual is abused if:
181	191		88
182	192		[(a) an advertisement is published in which the personal identity of that individual is
183	193		89
184	194		used in a manner which expresses or implies that the individual approves, endorses,
185	195		90
186	196		has endorsed, or will endorse the specific subject matter of the advertisement; and]
187	197		91
188	198		[(b) consent has not been obtained for such use from the individual, or if the individual
189	199		92
190	200		is a minor, then consent of one of the minor's parents or consent of the minor's legally
	201	+	- 3 - 1st Sub. (Green) S.B. 271 02-27 18:29
191	202		93
192	203		appointed guardian.]
193	204		94
194	205		(a)(i) content containing the personal identity of an individual is used for purposes of:
195	206		95
196	207		(A) advertising products, merchandise, goods, or services;
197		-	- 3 - S.B. 271 Enrolled Copy
198	208		96
199	209		(B) fundraising;
200	210		97
201	211		(C) solicitation of donations; or
202	212		98
203	213		(D) purchases of products, merchandise, goods, or services;
204	214		99
205	215		(ii) the use:
206	216		100
207	217		(A) expresses or implies that the individual approves, endorses, has endorsed, or
208	218		101
209	219		will endorse the specific subject matter;
210	220		102
211	221		(B) creates a likelihood of confusion as to the participation, association, or
212	222		103
213	223		connection of the individual; or
214	224		104
215	225		(C) creates a false impression that the individual participated in or approved the
216	226		105
217	227		use; and
218	228		106
219	229		(iii) consent has not been obtained from the individual.
220	230		107
221	231		(b) the person knowingly distributes, sells, or licenses any technology, software, or tool
222	232		108
223		-	whose intended primary purpose is the unauthorized creation or modification of
	233	+	whose Ŝ→ intended ←Ŝ primary purpose is the unauthorized creation or modification
	234	+	108a
	235	+	of content that
224	236		109
225		-	~~content that~~ includes an individual's personal identity for commercial purposes.
	237	+	includes an individual's personal identity for commercial purposes.
226	238		110
227	239		(2) Nothing in this part prohibits prosecution of abuse of personal identity under Section
228	240		111
229	241		76-9-407.
230	242		112
231	243		(3) The personal identity of an individual is not abused if the individual's personal data or
232	244		113
233	245		publicly available information:
234	246		114
235	247		(a) was lawfully obtained;
236	248		115
237	249		(b) is used to preview, advertise, or promote the sale of a product, service, or
238	250		116
239	251		subscription, including the sale of a product, service, or subscription of which the
240	252		117
241	253		individual's personal data or publicly available information is or may be a part; and
242	254		118
243	255		(c) is not used in a way that expresses or implies that the individual approves, endorses,
244	256		119
245	257		has endorsed, or will endorse the product, service, or subscription being previewed,
246	258		120
247	259		advertised, or promoted.
248	260		121
249	261		Section 3. Section 45-3-4 is amended to read:
250	262		122
251	263		45-3-4 . Cause of action for abuse -- Remedies.
252	264		123
253	265		An individual whose personal identity has been abused under Section 45-3-3 of this
254	266		124
255	267		act may bring an action against a person who caused the publication of the advertisement or
256	268		125
257	269		content, and is entitled to injunctive relief, damages alleged and proved, exemplary damages,
	270	+	- 4 - 02-27 18:29 1st Sub. (Green) S.B. 271
258	271		126
259	272		and reasonable attorney's fees and costs.
260	273		127
261	274		Section 4. Section 45-3-5 is amended to read:
262	275		128
263	276		45-3-5 . Action against publisher -- Grounds -- Remedies.
264	277		129
265	278		(1) An individual whose personal identity has been abused under Section 45-3-3 of this act
266		-	- 4 - Enrolled Copy S.B. 271
267	279		130
268	280		may bring an action against a person who published the advertisement or content:
269	281		131
270	282		(a) if the advertisement or content, on its face is such that a reasonable person would
271	283		132
272	284		conclude that it is unlikely that an individual would consent to such use; and
273	285		133
274	286		(b) the publisher did not take reasonable steps to assure that consent was obtained.
275	287		134
276	288		(2) In an action under this section, the plaintiff shall be entitled to injunctive relief, damages
277	289		135
278	290		alleged and proved, exemplary damages, and reasonable attorney's fees and costs.
279	291		136
280	292		Section 5. Section 45-3-7 is enacted to read:
281	293		137
282	294		45-3-7 . Exemptions.
283	295		138
284	296		(1) A person does not violate Section 45-3-3 or Section 45-3-4 if the person uses an
285	297		139
286	298		individual's personal identity in:
287	299		140
288	300		(a) connection with a news, public affairs, or sports broadcast, including the promotion
289	301		141
290	302		of and advertising for a sports broadcast, an account of public interest, or a political
291	303		142
292	304		campaign;
293	305		143
294	306		(b) a play, book, magazine, newspaper, musical composition, visual work, work of art,
295	307		144
296	308		audiovisual work, radio or television program if it is fictional or nonfictional
297	309		145
298	310		entertainment, or a dramatic, literary, or musical work;
299	311		146
300	312		(c) a work of political, public interest, or newsworthy value, including a comment,
301	313		147
302	314		criticism, parody, satire, or a transformative creation of a work of authorship; or
303	315		148
304	316		(d) an advertisement or commercial announcement for a work described in this
305	317		149
306	318		Subsection (1).
307	319		150
308	320		(2) The use of personal identity in a commercial medium does not constitute a use for
309	321		151
310	322		purposes of advertising or solicitation solely because the material containing such use is
311	323		152
312	324		commercially sponsored or contains paid advertising.
	325	+	152a
	326	+	Ŝ→ (3) This part may not apply to, and nothing in this part may be construed to
	327	+	152b
	328	+	impose liability or culpability on, an interactive computer service, as defined in 47
	329	+	152c
	330	+	U.S.C. 230(f)(2), for content provided by another person. ←Ŝ
313	331		153
314		-	~~(3) This part may not apply to, and nothing in this part may be construed to impose liability~~
	332	+	Section 6. Effective Date.
315	333		154
316		-	or culpability on, an interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2), for
317		-	155
318		-	content provided by another person.
319		-	156
320		-	Section 6. Effective Date.
321		-	157
322	334		This bill takes effect on May 7, 2025.
323	335		- 5 -