Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Vermont House Bill H0245 Compare Versions

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11 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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55 VT LEG #379293 v.2
66 H.245 1
77 Introduced by Representatives Olson of Starksboro, Donahue of Northfield, 2
88 Harrison of Chittenden, Kleppner of Burlington, Logan of 3
99 Burlington, Masland of Thetford, and McCann of Montpelier 4
1010 Referred to Committee on 5
1111 Date: 6
1212 Subject: Health; Green Mountain Care Board; health care facilities; health 7
1313 networks; hospital budgets 8
1414 Statement of purpose of bill as introduced: This bill proposes to expand the 9
1515 Green Mountain Care Board’s hospital budget review authority to include the 10
1616 option to review and approve health network budgets. It would direct the 11
1717 Board to investigate the impact on the public good of eliminating or reducing a 12
1818 hospital’s or health network’s monopoly or significant market power in a 13
1919 health care sector and take actions necessary to promote the public good. The 14
2020 bill would also give the Board additional authority to affect health system costs 15
2121 through its hospital and health network budget processes. 16
2222 An act relating to hospital and health network budgets 17
2323 It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: 18
2424 Sec. 1. 18 V.S.A. § 9375 is amended to read: 19
2525 § 9375. DUTIES 20 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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2929 VT LEG #379293 v.2
3030 (a) The Board shall execute its duties consistent with the principles 1
3131 expressed in section 9371 of this title. 2
3232 (b) The Board shall have the following duties: 3
3333 * * * 4
3434 (7) Review and establish hospital budgets for hospitals and health 5
3535 networks pursuant to chapter 221, subchapter 7 of this title. 6
3636 * * * 7
3737 (16)(A) Investigate whether, in the event that a hospital or health 8
3838 network maintains a horizontal or vertical monopoly or significant market 9
3939 power in any health care sector in this State, the public good would be 10
4040 promoted by eliminating or reducing the monopoly or significant market 11
4141 power. If the investigation indicates that the public good would be promoted, 12
4242 the Board shall take such actions that are within its authority as are necessary 13
4343 or desirable to eliminate or reduce the monopoly or significant market power 14
4444 and shall recommend to the General Assembly any legislation needed to 15
4545 authorize actions that are outside the Board’s existing authority. 16
4646 (B) The Board may contract with one or more outside entities as 17
4747 needed to enable the Board to conduct an investigation pursuant to subdivision 18
4848 (A) of this subdivision (16) and may assess the applicable hospital or health 19
4949 network for the amount of the Board’s actual expenses incurred in conducting 20
5050 the investigation. 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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5454 VT LEG #379293 v.2
5555 * * * 1
5656 Sec. 2. 18 V.S.A. § 9376 is amended to read: 2
5757 § 9376. PAYMENT AMOUNTS; METHODS 3
5858 (a) It is the intent of the General Assembly to ensure payments to health 4
5959 care professionals that are consistent with efficiency, economy, and quality of 5
6060 care and; that will permit them to provide, on a solvent basis, effective and 6
6161 efficient health services that are in the public interest; and that are affordable 7
6262 and will reduce cost increase trends to an appropriate level within a reasonable 8
6363 period of time. It is also the intent of the General Assembly to eliminate the 9
6464 shift of costs between the payers of health services to ensure that the amount 10
6565 paid to health care professionals is sufficient to enlist enough providers to 11
6666 ensure that health services are available to all Vermonters and are distributed 12
6767 equitably. 13
6868 * * * 14
6969 Sec. 3. 18 V.S.A. chapter 221, subchapter 7 is amended to read: 15
7070 Subchapter 7. Hospital Budget Review 16
7171 § 9451. DEFINITIONS 17
7272 As used in this subchapter: 18
7373 (1) “Hospital” means a hospital licensed under chapter 43 of this title, 19
7474 except a hospital that is conducted, maintained, or operated by the State of 20
7575 Vermont. 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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7979 VT LEG #379293 v.2
8080 (2) “Volume” means the number of inpatient days of care or admissions 1
8181 and the number of all inpatient and outpatient ancillary services rendered to 2
8282 patients by a hospital. 3
8383 (3) “Health network” means a system comprising two or more affiliated 4
8484 hospitals, and may include other health care providers and facilities, that 5
8585 deliver health care services in a coordinated manner using an integrated 6
8686 financial and governance structure. 7
8787 § 9453. POWERS AND DUTIES 8
8888 (a) The Board shall: 9
8989 (1) adopt uniform formats that hospitals and health networks shall use to 10
9090 report financial, scope-of-services, and utilization data and information; 11
9191 (2) designate a data organization with which hospitals and health 12
9292 networks shall file financial, scope-of-services, and utilization data and 13
9393 information; and 14
9494 (3) designate a data organization or organizations to process, analyze, 15
9595 store, or retrieve data or information; and 16
9696 (4) designate one accounting entity and methodology to construct 17
9797 financials and budget submissions for all hospitals and health systems, unless 18
9898 the Board determines that an equally effective and efficient entity and 19
9999 methodology is appropriate. 20 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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104104 (b) To effectuate the purposes of this subchapter, the Board may adopt 1
105105 rules under 3 V.S.A. chapter 25. 2
106106 § 9454. HOSPITALS AND HEALTH NETWORKS ; DUTIES 3
107107 (a) Hospitals and health networks shall file the following information at the 4
108108 time and place and in the manner established by the Board: 5
109109 (1) a budget for the forthcoming fiscal year; 6
110110 (2) financial information, including costs of operation, revenues, assets, 7
111111 liabilities, fund balances, other income, rates, charges, units of services, and 8
112112 wage and salary data; 9
113113 (3) scope-of-service and volume-of-service information, including 10
114114 inpatient services, outpatient services, and ancillary services by type of service 11
115115 provided; 12
116116 (4) utilization information; 13
117117 (5) new hospital or health network services and programs proposed for 14
118118 the forthcoming fiscal year; 15
119119 (6) known depreciation schedules on existing buildings, a four-year 16
120120 capital expenditure projection, and a one-year capital expenditure plan; and 17
121121 (7) such other information as the Board may require. 18
122122 (b) Hospitals and health networks shall adopt a fiscal year that shall begin 19
123123 on October 1. 20 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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128128 (c) Hospitals and health networks shall use the accounting entity and 1
129129 methodology designated by the Board pursuant to subdivision 9453(a)(4) of 2
130130 this chapter. 3
131131 § 9456. BUDGET REVIEW 4
132132 (a)(1) The Board shall conduct reviews of each hospital’s and, at the 5
133133 Board’s option, each health network’s proposed budget based on the 6
134134 information provided pursuant to this subchapter and in accordance with a 7
135135 schedule established by the Board. 8
136136 (2) The Board may, at its discretion and in the interest of controlling 9
137137 health system costs, establish methodologies for reviewing each hospital’s or 10
138138 health network’s budgets based on revenue, based on costs, or based on the 11
139139 setting of a global budget for the hospital or health network. 12
140140 (3) Pursuant to its rate setting authority under section 9376 of this title, 13
141141 the Board may establish reference-based pricing for hospitals or health 14
142142 networks, or both. Any such reference-based pricing may apply with respect 15
143143 to all public and private payers, to the extent permitted under federal law, or to 16
144144 one or more payer segments, such as State employees, municipal employees, 17
145145 or school employees, or a combination of these. The Board may determine a 18
146146 transition period for implementation of reference-based pricing to permit 19
147147 appropriate reductions, as determined by the Board, in hospital or health 20
148148 network costs to accompany implementation. 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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153153 (b) In conjunction with budget reviews, the Board shall: 1
154154 (1) review utilization information; 2
155155 (2) consider the Health Resource Allocation Plan identifying Vermont’s 3
156156 critical health needs, goods, services, and resources developed pursuant to 4
157157 section 9405 of this title; 5
158158 (3) consider the expenditure analysis for the previous year and the 6
159159 proposed expenditure analysis for the year under review; 7
160160 (4) consider any reports from professional review organizations; 8
161161 (5) solicit public comment on all aspects of hospital or health network 9
162162 costs and use and on the budgets proposed by individual hospitals and health 10
163163 networks; 11
164164 (6) meet with hospitals and health networks to review and discuss 12
165165 hospital budgets for the forthcoming fiscal year; 13
166166 (7) give public notice of the meetings with hospitals and health 14
167167 networks, and invite the public to attend and to comment on the proposed 15
168168 budgets; 16
169169 (8) consider the extent to which costs incurred by the hospital or health 17
170170 network in connection with services provided to Medicaid beneficiaries are 18
171171 being charged to non-Medicaid health benefit plans and other non-Medicaid 19
172172 payers; 20 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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177177 (9) require each hospital to file an analysis that reflects a reduction in 1
178178 net revenue needs from non-Medicaid payers equal to any anticipated increase 2
179179 in Medicaid, Medicare, or another public health care program reimbursements, 3
180180 and to any reduction in bad debt or charity care due to an increase in the 4
181181 number of insured individuals; 5
182182 (10) require each hospital and health network to provide information on 6
183183 administrative costs, as defined by the Board, including specific information 7
184184 on the amounts spent on marketing and advertising costs; 8
185185 (11) require each hospital and health network to create or maintain 9
186186 connectivity to the State’s Health Information Exchange Network in 10
187187 accordance with the criteria established by the Vermont Information 11
188188 Technology Leaders, Inc., pursuant to subsection 9352(i) of this title, provided 12
189189 that the Board shall not require a hospital or health network to create a level of 13
190190 connectivity that the State’s Exchange is unable to support; 14
191191 (12) review the hospital’s or health network’s investments in workforce 15
192192 development initiatives, including nursing workforce pipeline collaborations 16
193193 with nursing schools and compensation and other support for nurse preceptors; 17
194194 and 18
195195 (13) consider the salaries for the hospital’s or health network’s 19
196196 executive and clinical leadership and the hospital’s or health network’s salary 20 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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200200 VT LEG #379293 v.2
201201 spread, including a comparison of median salaries to the medians of northern 1
202202 New England states. 2
203203 (c) Individual hospital and health network budgets established under this 3
204204 section shall: 4
205205 (1) be consistent with the Health Resource Allocation Plan; 5
206206 (2) take into consideration national, regional, or in-state peer group 6
207207 norms, according to indicators, ratios, and statistics established by the Board; 7
208208 (3) promote efficient and economic operation of the hospital; 8
209209 (4) reflect budget performances for prior years; 9
210210 (5) include a finding that the analysis provided in subdivision (b)(9) of 10
211211 this section is a reasonable methodology for reflecting a reduction in net 11
212212 revenues for non-Medicaid payers reasonable reduction in commercial payer 12
213213 rates to reflect actual and anticipated increases in reimbursements from 13
214214 Medicaid, Medicare, and other public health care assistance programs; and 14
215215 (6) demonstrate that they support equal access to appropriate mental 15
216216 health care that meets standards of quality, access, and affordability equivalent 16
217217 to other components of health care as part of an integrated, holistic system of 17
218218 care. 18
219219 (d)(1) Annually, the Board shall establish a budget for each hospital and, at 19
220220 the Board’s option, for one or more health networks, on or before September 20 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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224224 VT LEG #379293 v.2
225225 15, followed by a written decision by October 1. Each hospital and health 1
226226 network shall operate within the budget established under this section. 2
227227 (2)(A) It is the General Assembly’s intent that hospital and health 3
228228 network cost containment conduct is afforded state action immunity under 4
229229 applicable federal and State antitrust laws, if: 5
230230 (i) the Board requires or authorizes the conduct in any hospital or 6
231231 health network budget established by the Board under this section; 7
232232 (ii) the conduct is in accordance with standards and procedures 8
233233 prescribed by the Board; and 9
234234 (iii) the conduct is actively supervised by the Board. 10
235235 (B) A hospital’s or health network’s violation of the Board’s 11
236236 standards and procedures shall be subject to enforcement pursuant to 12
237237 subsection (h) of this section. 13
238238 (3)(A) The Office of the Health Care Advocate shall have the right to 14
239239 receive copies of all materials related to the hospital and health network budget 15
240240 review and may: 16
241241 (i) ask questions of employees of the Green Mountain Care Board 17
242242 related to the Board’s hospital or health network budget review; 18
243243 (ii) submit written questions to the Board that the Board will ask 19
244244 of hospitals and health networks in advance of any hearing held in conjunction 20
245245 with the Board’s hospital or health network review:; 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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250250 (iii) submit written comments for the Board’s consideration; and 1
251251 (iv) ask questions and provide testimony in any hearing held in 2
252252 conjunction with the Board’s hospital or health network budget review. 3
253253 (B) The Office of the Health Care Advocate shall not further disclose 4
254254 any confidential or proprietary information provided to the Office pursuant to 5
255255 this subdivision (3). 6
256256 (4) The Board may adopt rules to incorporate certificate of need 7
257257 determinations into the budget review process of a hospital or health network. 8
258258 The rules shall retain the jurisdictional thresholds and required criteria set forth 9
259259 in subchapter 5 of this chapter but may provide for a streamlined process that 10
260260 reduces costs for the Board or the applicant, or both. 11
261261 (e) The Board may establish a process to define, on an annual basis, criteria 12
262262 for hospitals and health networks to meet, such as utilization and inflation 13
263263 benchmarks. The Board may waive one or more of the review processes listed 14
264264 in subsection (b) of this section. 15
265265 (f)(1) The Board may, upon application, adjust a budget established under 16
266266 this section upon a showing of need based upon exceptional or unforeseen 17
267267 circumstances in accordance with the criteria and processes established under 18
268268 section 9405 of this title. 19 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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273273 (2) A hospital or health network shall not increase its rates in response 1
274274 to a revenue shortfall in the absence of exceptional circumstances, as 2
275275 determined and approved by the Board. 3
276276 (g) The Board may request, and a hospital or health network shall provide, 4
277277 information determined by the Board to be necessary to determine whether the 5
278278 hospital or health network is operating within a budget established under this 6
279279 section. For purposes of this subsection, subsection (h) of this section, and 7
280280 subdivision 9454(a)(7) of this title, the Board’s authority shall extend to an 8
281281 affiliated corporation or other person in the control of or controlled by the 9
282282 hospital or health network to the extent that such authority is necessary to carry 10
283283 out the purposes of this subsection, subsection (h) of this section, or 11
284284 subdivision 9454(a)(7) of this title. As used in this subsection, a rebuttable 12
285285 presumption of “control” is created if the entity, hospital, health network, or 13
286286 other person, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds with the power to 14
287287 vote, or holds proxies representing 20 percent or more of the voting securities 15
288288 or membership interest or other governing interest of the hospital, health 16
289289 network, or other controlled entity. 17
290290 (h)(1) If a hospital or health network violates a provision of this section, the 18
291291 Board may maintain an action in the Superior Court of the county in which the 19
292292 hospital is located or the health network is headquartered to enjoin, restrain, or 20
293293 prevent such violation. 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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298298 (2)(A)(i) After notice and an opportunity for hearing, the Board may 1
299299 impose on a person who knowingly violates a provision of this subchapter, or a 2
300300 rule adopted pursuant to this subchapter, a civil an administrative penalty of no 3
301301 not more than $40,000.00 $400,000.00, or in the case of a continuing violation, 4
302302 a civil an administrative penalty of no not more than $100,000.00 5
303303 $1,000,000.00 or one-tenth of one percent of the gross annual revenues of the 6
304304 hospital or health network, whichever is greater. This subdivision (2)(A)(i) 7
305305 shall not apply to violations of subsection (d) of this section caused by 8
306306 exceptional or unforeseen circumstances. 9
307307 (ii) After notice and an opportunity for hearing, the Board may 10
308308 order all or a portion of the amount of a penalty imposed pursuant to 11
309309 subdivision (i) of this subdivision (2)(A) to be withheld from the compensation 12
310310 of the hospital’s or health network’s executive officer or officers responsible 13
311311 for the violation and remitted to the Board in partial or complete satisfaction of 14
312312 the penalty, as applicable. 15
313313 (B)(i) The Board may order a hospital or health network to: 16
314314 (I)(aa) cease material violations of this subchapter or of a 17
315315 regulation or order issued pursuant to this subchapter; or 18
316316 (bb) cease operating contrary to the budget established for 19
317317 the hospital or health network under this section, provided such a deviation 20
318318 from the budget is material; and 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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323323 (II) take such corrective measures as are necessary to remediate 1
324324 the violation or deviation and to carry out the purposes of this subchapter. 2
325325 (ii) Orders issued under this subdivision (2)(B) shall be issued 3
326326 after notice and an opportunity to be heard, except where the Board finds that a 4
327327 hospital’s or health network’s financial or other emergency circumstances pose 5
328328 an immediate threat of harm to the public or to the financial condition of the 6
329329 hospital or health network. Where there is an immediate threat, the Board may 7
330330 issue orders under this subdivision (2)(B) without written or oral notice to the 8
331331 hospital or health network. Where an order is issued without notice, the 9
332332 hospital or health network shall be notified of the right to a hearing at the time 10
333333 the order is issued. The hearing shall be held within 30 days after receipt of 11
334334 the hospital’s or health network’s request for a hearing, and a decision shall be 12
335335 issued within 30 days after conclusion of the hearing. The Board may increase 13
336336 the time to hold the hearing or to render the decision for good cause shown. 14
337337 Hospitals and health networks may appeal any decision in this subsection to 15
338338 Superior Court. Appeal shall be on the record as developed by the Board in 16
339339 the administrative proceeding and the standard of review shall be as provided 17
340340 in 8 V.S.A. § 16. 18
341341 (C)(i) Notwithstanding any provision of 3 V.S.A. chapter 25 to the 19
342342 contrary, the Board may establish a process to reduce expenditures for a 20
343343 hospital or health network that violates its budget order. The process shall 21 BILL AS INTRODUCED H.245
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348348 include notice and an opportunity to be heard and provide an opportunity for 1
349349 public comment. 2
350350 (ii) A hospital or health network that seeks to reduce expenditures 3
351351 for patient services in response to the Board’s budget violation order shall do 4
352352 so in accordance with a compliance plan approved by the Board. 5
353353 (3)(A) The Board shall require the officers and directors of a hospital or 6
354354 health network to file under oath, on a form and in a manner prescribed by the 7
355355 Board, any information designated by the Board and required pursuant to this 8
356356 subchapter. The authority granted to the Board under this subsection (h) is in 9
357357 addition to any other authority granted to the Board under law. 10
358358 (B) A person who knowingly makes a false statement under oath or 11
359359 who knowingly submits false information under oath to the Board or to a 12
360360 hearing officer appointed by the Board or who knowingly testifies falsely in 13
361361 any proceeding before the Board or a hearing officer appointed by the Board 14
362362 shall be guilty of perjury and punished as provided in 13 V.S.A. § 2901. 15
363363 * * * 16
364364 Sec. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE 17
365365 This act shall take effect on July 1, 2025 and Sec. 3 (amendments to 18
366366 hospital and health system budget review) shall apply beginning with hospital 19
367367 fiscal year 2027. 20