1 | 1 | | LRB-4899/1 |
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2 | 2 | | KMS:skw |
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3 | 3 | | 2023 - 2024 LEGISLATURE |
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4 | 4 | | 2023 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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5 | 5 | | November 8, 2023 - Introduced by Representatives O'CONNOR, DITTRICH, RETTINGER |
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6 | 6 | | and NEDWESKI, cosponsored by Senators KNODL and FELZKOWSKI. Referred to |
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7 | 7 | | Committee on Judiciary. |
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8 | 8 | | ***AUTHORS SUBJECT TO CHANGE*** |
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9 | 9 | | AN ACT to create chapter 699 of the statutes; relating to: domestic asset |
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10 | 10 | | protection trusts. |
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11 | 11 | | Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau |
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12 | 12 | | This bill creates a new type of trust, called a legacy trust. A legacy trust is an |
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13 | 13 | | irrevocable trust that contains a spendthrift provision and that appoints at least one |
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14 | 14 | | qualified trustee. Under the bill, a person, called a transferor, may create a legacy |
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15 | 15 | | trust into which he or she may place assets that will be managed by the trustee. The |
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16 | 16 | | transferor may also be a co-trustee or a beneficiary of the legacy trust. The terms |
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17 | 17 | | of the trust may grant a transferor the power to remove and replace a trustee or |
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18 | 18 | | advisor and to direct trust investments. |
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19 | 19 | | A person who places assets in a trust is a settlor. Under current law, generally, |
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20 | 20 | | the assets of a settlor are subject to creditor claims. If the assets are placed in a |
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21 | 21 | | revocable trust, the assets are subject to the claims of the settlor's creditors. If the |
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22 | 22 | | assets are placed in an irrevocable trust and the trust is not for an individual with |
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23 | 23 | | a disability, the court may, if the trust instrument requires or authorizes the trustee |
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24 | 24 | | to make payments of income or principal to or for the settlor, order the trustee to |
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25 | 25 | | satisfy part or all of a judgment out of payments from the trust. |
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26 | 26 | | Current law also provides a spendthrift provision, which is a term of a trust that |
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27 | 27 | | restricts voluntary or involuntary transfers of a beneficiary's interest in the trust. |
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28 | 28 | | Under current law, a spendthrift provision is valid only if the beneficiary is someone |
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29 | 29 | | other than the settlor, or if the beneficiary is disabled. Under current law there are |
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30 | 30 | | exceptions that provide that a spendthrift provision does not protect assets from |
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31 | 31 | | claims for child support under any circumstance or claims for public support unless |
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32 | 32 | | the beneficiary is disabled. |
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35 | 35 | | KMS:skw |
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36 | 36 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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37 | 37 | | Under the bill, a legacy trust must have a spendthrift provision, and none of the |
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38 | 38 | | current law restrictions to spendthrift trusts apply. Assets in a legacy trust are not |
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39 | 39 | | subject to claims for public support, but they are subject to claims for child support. |
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40 | 40 | | Additionally, under the bill, a creditor generally may not bring an action of any kind |
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41 | 41 | | against a transferor, against a trustee of a legacy trust, or against any assets that are |
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42 | 42 | | held by a legacy trust. There are three exceptions to this prohibition. First, an action |
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43 | 43 | | may be brought if the transfer of the asset was made to hinder, delay, or defraud the |
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44 | 44 | | creditor. Second, an action may be brought by a creditor who was a creditor of the |
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45 | 45 | | transferor when the disposition was made if the creditor commences the action |
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46 | 46 | | within the later of 18 months after the transfer or six months after the creditor |
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47 | 47 | | discovers or reasonably should have discovered the transfer. Third, an action may |
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48 | 48 | | be brought by a creditor who becomes a creditor after the transfer occurs if the |
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49 | 49 | | creditor commences the action no later than 18 months after the transfer occurred. |
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50 | 50 | | Under the bill, a creditor includes a person seeking to enforce a judgment entered by |
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51 | 51 | | a court or other authorized adjudicative body. No other actions are permitted for any |
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52 | 52 | | reason. |
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53 | 53 | | The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do |
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54 | 54 | | enact as follows: |
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55 | 55 | | SECTION 1. Chapter 699 of the statutes is created to read: |
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56 | 56 | | CHAPTER 699 |
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57 | 57 | | LEGACY TRUSTS |
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58 | 58 | | 699.01 Definitions. In this chapter: |
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59 | 59 | | (1) “Advisor" means a person who, under the terms of a legacy trust, is granted |
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60 | 60 | | the power to do any of the following: |
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61 | 61 | | (a) Remove or appoint a trustee of the legacy trust. |
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62 | 62 | | (b) Direct, consent to, or disapprove a trustee's actual or proposed investment, |
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63 | 63 | | distribution, or any other action related to assets of the legacy trust. |
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64 | 64 | | (2) “Asset" means property of a transferor but does not include any of the |
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65 | 65 | | following: |
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66 | 66 | | (a) Property to the extent it is encumbered by a valid lien. |
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81 | 81 | | SECTION 1 |
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82 | 82 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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83 | 83 | | (b) Property to the extent it is generally exempt under nonbankruptcy law at |
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84 | 84 | | the time of a qualified disposition. |
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85 | 85 | | (c) Property held as marital property with rights of survivorship to the extent |
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86 | 86 | | that under the law governing the marital property at the time of a qualified |
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87 | 87 | | disposition the property is not subject to process by a creditor holding a claim against |
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88 | 88 | | only one spouse. |
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89 | 89 | | (d) Property transferred from a nonlegacy trust to a legacy trust to the extent |
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90 | 90 | | that the property would not be subject to attachment under applicable |
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91 | 91 | | nonbankruptcy law that governs the nonlegacy trust. |
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92 | 92 | | (3) “Beneficiary" has the meaning given in s. 701.0103 (3). |
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93 | 93 | | (4) “Claim" means a right to payment, whether or not the right is reduced to |
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94 | 94 | | judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, |
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95 | 95 | | disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured. |
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96 | 96 | | (5) “Creditor" means a person who has a claim against a transferor and |
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97 | 97 | | includes any transferee of, assignee of, or successor to the claim. |
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98 | 98 | | (6) “Debt" means liability on a claim. |
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99 | 99 | | (7) “Disposition" means a transfer, conveyance, or assignment of a property |
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100 | 100 | | interest, including a partial, contingent, undivided, or co-ownership property |
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101 | 101 | | interest. “Disposition" includes an exercise of a general power of appointment that |
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102 | 102 | | results in a transfer of property to a trustee but does not include any of the following: |
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103 | 103 | | (a) The release or relinquishment of a property interest that is subject to a |
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104 | 104 | | qualified disposition until the release or relinquishment. |
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105 | 105 | | (b) The exercise of a special power of appointment that results in a transfer of |
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106 | 106 | | property to a trustee. |
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107 | 107 | | (c) A disclaimer under s. 700.27 or 854.13. |
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134 | 134 | | SECTION 1 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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135 | 135 | | (8) “Investment decision" means a decision regarding the retention, purchase, |
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136 | 136 | | sale, exchange, tender, or other action affecting the ownership of or rights in an |
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137 | 137 | | investment. |
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138 | 138 | | (9) “Legacy trust" means a trust created by a written instrument, the terms of |
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139 | 139 | | which do all of the following: |
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140 | 140 | | (a) Appoint at least one qualified trustee to accept property that is the subject |
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141 | 141 | | of a disposition, regardless of whether the terms of the trust also appoint a |
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142 | 142 | | nonqualified trustee. |
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143 | 143 | | (b) Expressly designate the laws of this state to govern the meaning and effect |
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144 | 144 | | of the terms of the trust, in whole or in part. |
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145 | 145 | | (c) Expressly provide that the trust is irrevocable. |
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146 | 146 | | (d) Include a spendthrift provision that applies to an interest of a beneficiary |
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147 | 147 | | in trust property, including an interest of a transferor who is a beneficiary. |
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148 | 148 | | (10) “Lien" has the meaning given in s. 242.01 (8). |
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149 | 149 | | (11) “Nonlegacy trust" means a trust that is not a legacy trust. |
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150 | 150 | | (12) “Nonqualified trustee" means a trustee who is not a qualified trustee. |
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151 | 151 | | (13) “Person" has the meaning given in s. 701.0103 (17). |
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152 | 152 | | (14) “Property" has the meaning given in s. 701.0103 (20). |
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153 | 153 | | (15) “Qualified disposition" means a disposition by a transferor to any trustee |
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154 | 154 | | of a legacy trust. |
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155 | 155 | | (16) “Qualified trustee" means a trustee who is not a transferor and to whom |
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156 | 156 | | one of the following applies: |
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157 | 157 | | (a) If the trustee is an individual, the individual resides and is domiciled in this |
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158 | 158 | | state. |
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185 | 185 | | SECTION 1 |
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186 | 186 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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187 | 187 | | (b) If the trustee is a trust company or a bank, the trust company or bank is |
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188 | 188 | | organized under federal law, state law, or the laws of another state, and the trust |
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189 | 189 | | company or bank maintains an office in this state. |
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190 | 190 | | (18) “Spendthrift provision" has the meaning given in s. 701.0103 (25). |
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191 | 191 | | (19) “Transferor" means a person who directly or indirectly makes a disposition |
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192 | 192 | | to a legacy trust, including a settlor, as defined in s. 701.0103 (23). |
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193 | 193 | | (20) “Valid lien" has the meaning given in s. 242.01 (13). |
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194 | 194 | | 699.015 Applicability. Unless the terms of a legacy trust provide otherwise, |
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195 | 195 | | this chapter governs the construction, operation, and enforcement in this state of a |
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196 | 196 | | legacy trust, whether created in this state or any other state, if any of the following |
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197 | 197 | | applies: |
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198 | 198 | | (1) Any of the land, rents, issues, or profits that are the subject of a qualified |
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199 | 199 | | disposition are located in this state. |
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200 | 200 | | (2) Any portion of personal property, interest of money, or dividends of stock |
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201 | 201 | | that is the subject of a qualified disposition is located in this state. |
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202 | 202 | | (3) The transferor's legal residence is in this state. |
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203 | 203 | | (4) A qualified trustee of the legacy trust has the power to maintain records and |
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204 | 204 | | prepare income tax returns for the trust, and all or part of the administration of the |
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205 | 205 | | trust is performed in this state. |
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206 | 206 | | 699.02 Spendthrift provision; legacy trust. (1) Notwithstanding s. |
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207 | 207 | | 701.0502 (1), a spendthrift provision of a legacy trust is not invalid because a |
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208 | 208 | | transferor or a person who is treated as a settlor under s. 701.0505 (2) is also a |
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209 | 209 | | beneficiary of the legacy trust. |
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210 | 210 | | (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a spendthrift provision in a |
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211 | 211 | | legacy trust restrains both voluntary and involuntary transfers of a transferor's |
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238 | 238 | | SECTION 1 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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239 | 239 | | interest in the legacy trust. A spendthrift provision in a legacy trust is enforceable |
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240 | 240 | | under any applicable nonbankruptcy law within the meaning of 11 USC 541 (c) (2) |
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241 | 241 | | regardless of whether the legacy trust instrument makes any reference to that |
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242 | 242 | | enforceability. The terms of a legacy trust, including in a spendthrift provision, may |
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243 | 243 | | provide for any other restraint of alienation that are permitted under the laws of this |
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244 | 244 | | state. |
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245 | 245 | | (3) Section 701.0503 (2) does not apply to a spendthrift provision in a legacy |
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246 | 246 | | trust. |
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247 | 247 | | (4) Section 701.0505 (1) (a) 2. does not apply to a legacy trust. |
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248 | 248 | | (5) Nothing in this section may deprive a beneficiary of any exemption right |
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249 | 249 | | that the beneficiary has under any applicable law after the trust property is received |
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250 | 250 | | by the beneficiary. |
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251 | 251 | | 699.03 Implied power to revoke or to transfer an interest in a legacy |
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252 | 252 | | trust. None of the following is considered to be, including in combination, a power |
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253 | 253 | | to revoke a legacy trust or to voluntarily or involuntarily transfer an interest in the |
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254 | 254 | | legacy trust: |
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255 | 255 | | (1) A transferor's power to veto a distribution of income or principal from the |
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256 | 256 | | legacy trust. |
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257 | 257 | | (2) A special power of appointment, as defined in s. 702.02 (7), exercisable by |
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258 | 258 | | a transferor by will or another written document that is effective during the lifetime |
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259 | 259 | | of the transferor or upon the death of the transferor. |
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260 | 260 | | (3) The right of a transferor to receive income from the legacy trust in |
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261 | 261 | | accordance with the terms of the legacy trust. |
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262 | 262 | | (4) That a transferor is a beneficiary of the legacy trust regardless of whether |
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263 | 263 | | the trust qualifies as a charitable remainder annuity trust under 26 USC 664 (d) (1) |
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291 | 291 | | SECTION 1 |
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292 | 292 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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293 | 293 | | or as a charitable remainder unitrust under 26 USC 664 (d) (2), even if the transferor |
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294 | 294 | | has the right to release the transferor's retained interest, in whole or in part, in the |
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295 | 295 | | charitable remainder annuity trust or charitable remainder unitrust at any time in |
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296 | 296 | | favor of one or more of the remainder beneficiaries of the legacy trust. |
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297 | 297 | | (5) A transferor's annual receipt of a percentage of the value of the legacy trust |
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298 | 298 | | assets, as determined in accordance with the terms of the trust, as long as the amount |
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299 | 299 | | the transferor receives in a year is not more than the amount defined as the income |
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300 | 300 | | of the legacy trust under 26 USC 643 (b) or, for any qualified retirement plan or |
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301 | 301 | | eligible deferred compensation plan that is an asset of the legacy trust, the minimum |
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302 | 302 | | required distribution, as defined in 26 USC 4974 (b). |
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303 | 303 | | (6) A transferor's potential or actual receipt or use of principal or income of the |
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304 | 304 | | legacy trust if the potential or actual receipt or use is the result of any of the following: |
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305 | 305 | | (a) A qualified trustee's discretion. For purposes of this paragraph, a qualified |
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306 | 306 | | trustee has discretion with respect to the distribution and use of the principal and |
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307 | 307 | | income of a legacy trust unless the terms of the legacy trust expressly provide |
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308 | 308 | | otherwise. |
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309 | 309 | | (b) A qualified trustee applying a standard that governs the distribution or use |
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310 | 310 | | of principal or income of the legacy trust. |
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311 | 311 | | (c) A qualified trustee acting at the direction of an advisor if the advisor's |
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312 | 312 | | direction is discretionary or pursuant to a standard that governs the distribution or |
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313 | 313 | | use of principal or income under the terms of the legacy trust. For purposes of this |
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314 | 314 | | paragraph, an advisor's direction is discretionary unless the terms of the legacy trust |
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315 | 315 | | expressly provide otherwise. |
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316 | 316 | | (7) A transferor's potential or actual right to use real or tangible personal |
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317 | 317 | | property owned by the legacy trust. |
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344 | 344 | | SECTION 1 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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345 | 345 | | (8) A transferor's right to possess and enjoy a qualified interest, as defined in |
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346 | 346 | | 26 USC 2702 (b), or property held under a qualified personal residence trust, as |
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347 | 347 | | described in 26 USC 2702 (c). |
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348 | 348 | | (9) A qualified trustee's mandatory or discretionary power to use the income |
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349 | 349 | | or principal of the legacy trust to pay, in whole or in part, income taxes due on the |
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350 | 350 | | income of the legacy trust. |
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351 | 351 | | (10) That a qualified trustee, whether pursuant to the qualified trustee's |
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352 | 352 | | discretion, the terms of the legacy trust, or the direction of an advisor pays any of the |
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353 | 353 | | following: |
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354 | 354 | | (a) A transferor's debt that is outstanding at the time of the transferor's death. |
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355 | 355 | | (b) The expenses of administering the transferor's estate. |
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356 | 356 | | (c) Any estate, gift, generation-skipping transfer, or inheritance tax on behalf |
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357 | 357 | | of the transferor or the transferor's estate. |
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358 | 358 | | (11) A provision in the legacy trust that transfers all or part of the trust assets |
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359 | 359 | | to the transferor's estate or revocable trust. |
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360 | 360 | | (12) A transferor is a beneficiary of the legacy trust and is authorized to receive |
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361 | 361 | | a payment of income or principal from a qualified annuity interest, as defined in 26 |
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362 | 362 | | CFR 25.2702-3 (b), or a qualified unitrust interest, as defined in 26 CFR 25.2702-3 |
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363 | 363 | | (c). |
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364 | 364 | | 699.04 Transferor's powers. (1) A transferor of a legacy trust has only the |
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365 | 365 | | powers and rights that are granted to the transferor by the trust instrument. An |
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366 | 366 | | agreement or understanding, express or implied, between the transferor and a |
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367 | 367 | | trustee that attempts to grant or permit the retention of greater rights or authority |
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368 | 368 | | than is stated in the trust instrument is void. |
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392 | 392 | | 24 - 9 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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393 | 393 | | LRB-4899/1 |
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394 | 394 | | KMS:skw |
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395 | 395 | | SECTION 1 |
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396 | 396 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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397 | 397 | | (2) Notwithstanding s. 699.03, the terms of a legacy trust may grant a |
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398 | 398 | | transferor, whether or not the transferor is a trustee, the power to do any of the |
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399 | 399 | | following: |
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400 | 400 | | (a) Remove and replace a trustee. |
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401 | 401 | | (b) Remove and replace an advisor. |
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402 | 402 | | (c) Direct trust investments. |
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403 | 403 | | (d) Execute any other managerial duties. |
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404 | 404 | | 699.05 Limitations on actions, remedies, and claims. (1) In this section: |
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405 | 405 | | (a) “Cash" means the coins or currency of the United States or any other nation. |
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406 | 406 | | (b) “Cash equivalent" means a monetary instrument or device that is commonly |
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407 | 407 | | or routinely accepted instead of cash, including a certified or uncertified check; |
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408 | 408 | | money order; bank draft; electronic transfer of funds; negotiable instrument or an |
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409 | 409 | | instrument endorsed in blank or in bearer form; securities issued or guaranteed by |
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410 | 410 | | the United States, a state, or a state or federal agency; funds on deposit in a savings |
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411 | 411 | | or checking account or any similar account; funds on deposit in a money market |
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412 | 412 | | account or similar account; or demand deposit account, time deposit account, or |
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413 | 413 | | savings deposit account at any bank, savings and loan association, brokerage house, |
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414 | 414 | | or similar institution. |
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415 | 415 | | (c) “Fungible asset" means an asset other than money that is interchangeable |
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416 | 416 | | for commercial purposes and the properties of which are essentially identical. |
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417 | 417 | | (d) “Money" means cash or a cash equivalent. |
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418 | 418 | | (2) Subject to sub. (3) and s. 699.10 (4), a creditor may not bring an action of |
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419 | 419 | | any kind, including an action to enforce a judgment, an action at law or in equity, or |
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420 | 420 | | an action for an attachment or other final or provisional remedy, against a person |
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421 | 421 | | who made or received a qualified disposition, against a trustee of a legacy trust, or |
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446 | 446 | | 25 - 10 -2023 - 2024 Legislature LRB-4899/1 |
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447 | 447 | | KMS:skw |
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448 | 448 | | SECTION 1 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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449 | 449 | | against or involving any property that is the subject of a qualified disposition or is |
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450 | 450 | | otherwise held by a legacy trust, except that, subject to s. 699.06, a creditor may bring |
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451 | 451 | | an action against a qualified disposition of an asset if the transferor made the |
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452 | 452 | | qualified disposition with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud the creditor. |
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453 | 453 | | (3) A creditor may bring an action against a qualified disposition under sub. |
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454 | 454 | | (2) only if the creditor satisfies one of the following: |
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455 | 455 | | (a) The creditor was a creditor of the transferor when the qualified disposition |
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456 | 456 | | was made and the creditor commences the action within the later of the following: |
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457 | 457 | | 1. Eighteen months after the qualified disposition. |
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458 | 458 | | 2. Six months after the creditor discovers or reasonably should have discovered |
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459 | 459 | | the qualified disposition. For purposes of this subdivision, a creditor is considered |
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460 | 460 | | to have discovered a transfer at the time a public record is made of the transfer. |
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461 | 461 | | (b) The creditor becomes a creditor after the qualified disposition is made, and |
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462 | 462 | | the creditor commences the action no later than 18 months after the qualified |
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463 | 463 | | disposition. |
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464 | 464 | | (4) In an action against a qualified disposition under sub. (2), each creditor has |
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465 | 465 | | the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the transferor made the |
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466 | 466 | | qualified disposition with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud the creditor. Proof |
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467 | 467 | | by one creditor that a transferor made a qualified disposition with the intent to |
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468 | 468 | | hinder, delay, or defraud that creditor is not proof that the transferor made a |
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469 | 469 | | qualified disposition with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any other creditor |
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470 | 470 | | and does not invalidate any other transfer of property to the legacy trust. |
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471 | 471 | | (5) Subject to s. 699.10 (4), with respect to a qualified disposition, a creditor has |
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472 | 472 | | only the rights and remedies that are provided in this section and s. 699.06. |
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496 | 496 | | 24 - 11 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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497 | 497 | | LRB-4899/1 |
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498 | 498 | | KMS:skw |
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499 | 499 | | SECTION 1 |
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500 | 500 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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501 | 501 | | (6) Subject to sub. (8), an advisor may not be found liable for damages a person |
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502 | 502 | | suffers in connection with a legacy trust unless the person demonstrates by clear and |
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503 | 503 | | convincing evidence that the advisor's actions violated the laws of this state, that the |
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504 | 504 | | advisor acted knowingly and in bad faith, and that the advisor's actions directly |
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505 | 505 | | caused the damages suffered by the person. |
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506 | 506 | | (7) Subject to sub. (8), a trustee of a legacy trust may not be found liable to a |
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507 | 507 | | person who is not a beneficiary or a transferor of the legacy trust unless the person |
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508 | 508 | | demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the trustee's actions violated the |
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509 | 509 | | laws of this state, that the trustee acted knowingly and in bad faith, and that the |
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510 | 510 | | trustee's actions directly caused the damages suffered by the person. |
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511 | 511 | | (8) (a) Subject to s. 699.10 (4), no person may bring an action of any kind related |
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512 | 512 | | to a qualified disposition if the period under sub. (3) in which a creditor may bring |
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513 | 513 | | an action against the qualified disposition that is the basis of the action has expired. |
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514 | 514 | | (b) An action barred under par. (a) includes an action to enforce a judgment |
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515 | 515 | | entered by a court or other authorized adjudicative body, in law or equity, against a |
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516 | 516 | | trustee or advisor of a legacy trust or against any person involved in the counseling |
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517 | 517 | | in connection with, or the drafting, preparation, execution, administration, or |
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518 | 518 | | funding of a legacy trust. For purposes of this paragraph, “counseling in connection |
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519 | 519 | | with, or the drafting, preparation, execution, administration, or funding of a legacy |
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520 | 520 | | trust" includes any of those actions related to any limited partnership, limited |
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521 | 521 | | liability company, corporation, or similar entity if the limited partnership interests, |
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522 | 522 | | limited liability company interests, stock, or other similar ownership interests in the |
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523 | 523 | | relevant entity are subsequently the subject of a qualified disposition. |
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524 | 524 | | (9) If more than one qualified disposition is made to a legacy trust, all of the |
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525 | 525 | | following apply: |
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550 | 550 | | 25 - 12 -2023 - 2024 Legislature LRB-4899/1 |
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551 | 551 | | KMS:skw |
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552 | 552 | | SECTION 1 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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553 | 553 | | (a) For purposes of determining whether a creditor's claim against a qualified |
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554 | 554 | | disposition is barred under sub. (3), each qualified disposition shall be evaluated |
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555 | 555 | | individually without regard to any subsequent qualified disposition. |
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556 | 556 | | (b) For purposes of determining the order in which property is paid, applied, |
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557 | 557 | | or distributed from a legacy trust, all of the following apply: |
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558 | 558 | | 1. A payment, application, or distribution of money is considered to be made |
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559 | 559 | | from or with the money most recently received or acquired by any trustee of a legacy |
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560 | 560 | | trust except to the extent that it is proven otherwise beyond a reasonable doubt. |
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561 | 561 | | 2. A payment, application, or distribution of a fungible asset is considered to |
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562 | 562 | | be made from or with the fungible asset most recently received or acquired by any |
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563 | 563 | | trustee of a legacy trust except to the extent that it is proven otherwise by clear and |
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564 | 564 | | convincing evidence. |
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565 | 565 | | (c) A distribution to a beneficiary is considered to have been made from the most |
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566 | 566 | | recent transfer to the legacy trust. |
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567 | 567 | | 699.06 Creditor claims against qualified dispositions. (1) If a creditor's |
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568 | 568 | | claim against a qualified disposition under s. 699.05 is successful, in whole or in part, |
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569 | 569 | | all of the following apply: |
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570 | 570 | | (a) The creditor may recover damages from trust assets only to the extent |
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571 | 571 | | necessary to satisfy a transferor's debt to the creditor and any part of the qualified |
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572 | 572 | | disposition that is not used to satisfy the debt remains subject to the legacy trust. |
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573 | 573 | | (b) Any other qualified disposition to a trustee of the legacy trust and the legacy |
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574 | 574 | | trust remain valid, including a qualified disposition of a partial, co-ownership, or |
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575 | 575 | | undivided interest in property by a transferor whose transfer was the subject of a |
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576 | 576 | | creditor claim under s. 699.05. |
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600 | 600 | | 24 - 13 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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601 | 601 | | LRB-4899/1 |
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602 | 602 | | KMS:skw |
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603 | 603 | | SECTION 1 |
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604 | 604 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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605 | 605 | | (c) If a court is satisfied that the trustee did not act in bad faith in accepting |
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606 | 606 | | or administering the property that was the subject of the claim under s. 699.05, all |
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607 | 607 | | of the following apply: |
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608 | 608 | | 1. The trustee has a first lien against the property that was the subject of the |
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609 | 609 | | claim under s. 699.05 in an amount equal to the entire cost, including attorney fees, |
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610 | 610 | | properly incurred by the trustee in defense of the action or proceedings against the |
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611 | 611 | | qualified disposition. |
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612 | 612 | | 2. Any recovery for damages under par. (a) is subject to the fees, costs, and |
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613 | 613 | | preexisting rights, claims, and interests of the trustee and of any predecessor trustee |
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614 | 614 | | that has not acted in bad faith. |
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615 | 615 | | (d) If a court is satisfied that a beneficiary of the legacy trust did not act in bad |
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616 | 616 | | faith in receiving a distribution from the legacy trust, the creditor's recovery of the |
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617 | 617 | | qualified disposition is subject to the right of the beneficiary to retain that |
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618 | 618 | | distribution if the distribution was the result of an exercise of a trust power or of |
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619 | 619 | | discretion vested in a trustee or advisor and that power or discretion was exercised |
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620 | 620 | | before the creditor commenced the action against the qualified disposition. |
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621 | 621 | | (e) 1. For purposes of par. (c), a trustee is not considered to have acted in bad |
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622 | 622 | | faith solely because the trustee accepted the property that is the subject of the |
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623 | 623 | | recoverable qualified disposition. |
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624 | 624 | | 2. For purposes of par. (d), a beneficiary, including a beneficiary who is a |
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625 | 625 | | transferor, is not considered to have acted in bad faith solely because the beneficiary |
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626 | 626 | | accepted a distribution made in accordance with the terms of the legacy trust. |
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627 | 627 | | 3. For purposes of pars. (c) and (d), a creditor has the burden of proving by clear |
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628 | 628 | | and convincing evidence that a trustee or a beneficiary acted in bad faith. |
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652 | 652 | | 24 - 14 -2023 - 2024 Legislature LRB-4899/1 |
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653 | 653 | | KMS:skw |
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654 | 654 | | SECTION 1 ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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655 | 655 | | (2) A court shall award costs and reasonable attorney fees to a prevailing party |
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656 | 656 | | in a final judgment in an action that is wholly or partially brought under this section |
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657 | 657 | | or s. 699.05. |
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658 | 658 | | 699.07 Trust advisors; eligibility; default fiduciary status. (1) Except |
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659 | 659 | | as provided in sub. (2), any person is eligible to serve as an advisor of a legacy trust. |
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660 | 660 | | (2) A transferor of a legacy trust may serve as an advisor only in connection |
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661 | 661 | | with investment decisions related to trust assets. |
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662 | 662 | | (3) Notwithstanding s. 701.0818 (2), an advisor is a fiduciary unless the terms |
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663 | 663 | | of a legacy trust expressly provide otherwise. |
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664 | 664 | | 699.08 Rules regarding discretion. Except as otherwise provided under the |
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665 | 665 | | terms of a legacy trust, each trustee and each advisor of the legacy trust has the |
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666 | 666 | | greatest discretion permitted by law in connection with all matters of trust |
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667 | 667 | | administration, trust distributions, and any other trustee or advisor decision. |
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668 | 668 | | 699.09 Discretionary interest not property of a beneficiary. No person, |
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669 | 669 | | including a beneficiary, has a property interest in property of a legacy trust to the |
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670 | 670 | | extent that the distribution of that property is subject to the discretion of a qualified |
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671 | 671 | | trustee or advisor, whether acting alone or in conjunction with another person, |
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672 | 672 | | including a person authorized to veto a distribution from the legacy trust. |
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673 | 673 | | 699.10 Miscellaneous provisions. (1) If there is a conflict between a |
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674 | 674 | | provision of this chapter and s. 242.07, the provision of this chapter shall control. |
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675 | 675 | | (2) A statement in a trust instrument that the trust is governed by “the laws |
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676 | 676 | | of this state" or a statement to similar effect is considered to expressly designate the |
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677 | 677 | | laws of this state to govern the validity, construction, and administration of the trust |
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678 | 678 | | and satisfies s. 699.01 (9) (b). |
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702 | 702 | | 24 - 15 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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703 | 703 | | LRB-4899/1 |
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704 | 704 | | KMS:skw |
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705 | 705 | | SECTION 1 |
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706 | 706 | | ASSEMBLY BILL 648 |
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707 | 707 | | (3) A disposition by a nonqualified trustee to a qualified trustee of a legacy trust |
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708 | 708 | | is not disqualified from being a qualified disposition on the sole basis that the |
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709 | 709 | | nonqualified trustee is a trustee of a trust that is a nonlegacy trust. |
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710 | 710 | | (4) A valid lien that is attached to property before the property is the subject |
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711 | 711 | | of a qualified disposition survives the disposition, and the trustee of the legacy trust |
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712 | 712 | | takes the property subject to the lien and subject to any agreements that created or |
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713 | 713 | | perfected the lien. Nothing in this chapter may be construed to authorize any |
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714 | 714 | | disposition that is prohibited by the terms of an agreement, note, guaranty, |
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715 | 715 | | mortgage, indenture, instrument, undertaking, or other document. |
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716 | 716 | | (5) A trust administered under the laws of another state or a foreign |
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717 | 717 | | jurisdiction is considered to be a legacy trust if all of the following apply: |
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718 | 718 | | (a) The trustee of the trust complies with the requirements in the trust |
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719 | 719 | | instrument and any applicable requirements under the laws of the state or foreign |
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720 | 720 | | jurisdiction in which the trust is being administered. |
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721 | 721 | | (b) 1. The trustee or other person having the power to transfer the domicile of |
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722 | 722 | | the trust declares in writing that the trustee or other person intends to transfer the |
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723 | 723 | | domicile of the trust to this state. |
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724 | 724 | | 2. If the person making the declaration under subd. 1. is a person other than |
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725 | 725 | | the trustee, the declaration is delivered to the trustee. |
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726 | 726 | | (c) At the time of or immediately following the transfer of the trustee to this |
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727 | 727 | | state, the trust satisfies the definition of a legacy trust under this chapter. |
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728 | 728 | | SECTION 2.0Initial applicability. |
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729 | 729 | | (1) This act first applies to qualified dispositions made on the effective date of |
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730 | 730 | | this subsection. |
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731 | 731 | | (END) |
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