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2023 - 2024 LEGISLATURE
2023 SENATE BILL 144
April 3, 2023 - Introduced by Senators WIRCH, ROYS, CARPENTER, HESSELBEIN,
LARSON and SPREITZER, cosponsored by Representatives J. ANDERSON, C.
ANDERSON, BALDEH, CLANCY, JOERS, MADISON, OHNSTAD, PALMERI, RATCLIFF,
SHELTON, SINICKI, SUBECK and CONLEY. Referred to Committee on Government
Operations, Elections and Consumer Protection.
***AUTHORS SUBJECT TO CHANGE***
AN ACT to renumber and amend 5.10; to amend 7.70 (5) (b) and 7.75 (2); and
to create 5.10 (2), 5.11 and 5.12 of the statutes; relating to: entering into an
agreement among the states to elect the president of the United States by
means of a national popular vote.
Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau
Currently, the names of the presidential electors do not appear on the ballot in
Wisconsin. Instead, the names of the candidates for president and vice president
appear on the ballot, and each vote cast for one of the tickets is a vote for the
presidential electors whose names are filed by their political party or, in the case of
independent candidates, whose names are filed with the nomination papers of the
candidates. After the winners of the presidential election in this state are
determined, the presidential electors convene and cast their ballots for the
candidates of the party who filed their names or for the independent candidates who
filed their names.
This bill ratifies and enters Wisconsin into an agreement among the states that
provides that if the agreement governs a particular presidential election, each state
participating in the agreement will certify the electors of the party, or in the case of
independent candidates, the electors of the candidates, who win the national popular
vote for president and vice president as the winning slate of presidential electors in
the participating state. Under the agreement, the Elections Commission must
certify to the other participating states the winners of the presidential and vice
presidential vote in this state and must accept the determinations of the chief
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SENATE BILL 144
election officials of the other states in calculating the numbers of votes cast for the
presidential and vice presidential candidates in their states. The agreement governs
the appointment of presidential electors in this state in any year in which the
agreement is, on July 20, in effect in states cumulatively possessing a majority of
electoral votes.
The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do
enact as follows:
SECTION 1. 5.10 of the statutes is renumbered 5.10 (1) and amended to read:
5.10 (1) Although the names of the electors do not appear on the ballot and no
reference is made to them, a vote for the president and vice president named on the
ballot is a vote for the electors of the candidates for whom an elector's vote is cast.
Under chs. 5 to 12, all references to the presidential election, the casting of votes and
the canvassing of votes for president, or for president and vice president, mean votes
for them through their pledged presidential electors. If the agreement under s. 5.11
governs the appointment of presidential electors, the votes for president, or for
president and vice president, cast and canvassed in this state shall determine the
presidential electors appointed in this state in the manner provided in s. 5.11.
SECTION 2. 5.10 (2) of the statutes is created to read:
5.10 (2) No later than August 1 of each year in which a president is to be elected,
the commission shall determine whether the agreement under s. 5.11 governs the
appointment of presidential electors at that election in this state and shall promptly
publish a copy of its determination in the Wisconsin Administrative Register.
SECTION 3. 5.11 of the statutes is created to read:
5.11 Interstate compact on election of president and vice president.
AGREEMENT AMONG THE STATES TO ELECT THE PRESIDENT BY
NATIONAL POPULAR VOTE
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(1) ARTICLE I — MEMBERSHIP. Any state of the United States and the District
of Columbia may become a member of this agreement by enacting this agreement.
(2) ARTICLE II — RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE IN MEMBER STATES TO VOTE FOR PRESIDENT
AND VICE PRESIDENT. Each member state shall conduct a statewide popular election
for president and vice president of the United States.
(3) ARTICLE III — MANNER OF APPOINTING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS IN MEMBER
STATES. (a) Prior to the time set by law for the meeting and voting by the presidential
electors, the chief election official of each member state shall determine the number
of votes for each presidential slate in each state of the United States and in the
District of Columbia in which votes have been cast in a statewide popular election
and shall add such votes together to produce a “national popular vote total" for each
presidential slate.
(b) The chief election official of each member state shall designate the
presidential slate with the largest national popular vote total as the “national
popular vote winner."
(c) The presidential elector certifying official of each member state shall certify
the appointment in that official's own state of the elector slate nominated in that
state in association with the national popular vote winner.
(d) At least 6 days before the day fixed by law for the meeting and voting by the
presidential electors, each member state shall make a final determination of the
number of popular votes cast in the state for each presidential slate and shall
communicate an official statement of such determination within 24 hours to the chief
election official of each other member state.
(e) The chief election official of each member state shall treat as conclusive an
official statement communicated under par. (d) of the number of popular votes cast
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in a state for each presidential slate made by the day established by federal law for
making a state's final determination conclusive as to the counting of electoral votes
by Congress.
(f) In the event of a tie for the national popular vote winner, the presidential
elector certifying official of each member state shall certify the appointment of the
elector slate nominated in association with the presidential slate receiving the
largest number of popular votes within that official's own state.
(g) If, for any reason, the number of presidential electors nominated in a
member state in association with the national popular vote winner is less than or
greater than that state's number of electoral votes, the presidential candidate on the
presidential slate that has been designated as the national popular vote winner shall
have the power to nominate the presidential electors for that state and that state's
presidential elector certifying official shall certify the appointment of such nominees.
(gm) The chief election official of each member state shall immediately release
to the public all vote counts or statements of votes pertaining to a presidential
election governed by this agreement as they are determined or obtained.
(h) This subsection shall govern the appointment of presidential electors in
each member state in any year in which this agreement is, on July 20, in effect in
states cumulatively possessing a majority of the electoral votes.
(4) ARTICLE IV — OTHER PROVISIONS. (a) This agreement shall take effect when
states cumulatively possessing a majority of the electoral votes have enacted this
agreement in substantially the same form, and the enactments by such states have
taken effect in each state.
(b) Any member state may withdraw from this agreement, except that a
withdrawal occurring 6 months or less before the end of a president's term shall not
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become effective until a president or vice president shall have been qualified to serve
the next term.
(c) The chief executive of each member state shall promptly notify the chief
executive of all other states when this agreement has been enacted and has taken
effect in that official's state, when the state has withdrawn from this agreement, and
when this agreement takes effect generally.
(d) This agreement shall terminate if the electoral college is abolished.
(e) If any provision of this agreement is held invalid, the remaining provisions
shall not be affected.
(5) ARTICLE V — DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this agreement:
(a) “Chief election official" means the state official or body that is authorized
to certify the total number of popular votes for each presidential slate.
(b) “Chief executive" means the governor of a state of the United States or the
mayor of the District of Columbia.
(c) “Elector slate" means a slate of candidates who have been nominated in a
state for the position of presidential elector in association with a presidential slate.
(d) “Presidential elector" means an elector for president and vice president of
the United States.
(e) “Presidential elector certifying official" means the state official or body that
is authorized to certify the appointment of the state's presidential electors.
(f) “Presidential slate" means a slate of 2 persons, the first of whom has been
nominated as a candidate for president of the United States and the 2nd of whom has
been nominated as a candidate for vice president of the United States, or any legal
successors to such persons, regardless of whether both names appear on the ballot
presented to the voter in a particular state.
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(g) “State" means a state of the United States and the District of Columbia.
(h) “Statewide popular election" means a general election in which votes are
cast for presidential slates by individual voters and counted on a statewide basis.
SECTION 4. 5.12 of the statutes is created to read:
5.12 Governor to notify reference bureau when agreement is in effect.
Whenever the governor notifies the chief executives of the other states under s. 5.11
(4) (c), the governor shall concurrently notify the legislative reference bureau.
SECTION 5. 7.70 (5) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
7.70 (5) (b) For presidential electors, the commission shall prepare a certificate
showing the determination of the results of the canvass and the names of the persons
elected as presidential electors or, if the compact under s. 5.11 governs the
appointment of presidential electors, the names of the persons who are certified as
this state's presidential electors in accordance with s. 5.11, and the governor shall
sign, affix the great seal of the state, and transmit the certificate by registered mail
to the U.S. administrator of general services. The governor shall also prepare 6
duplicate originals of such certificate and deliver them to one of the presidential
electors on or before the first Monday after the 2nd Wednesday in December.
SECTION 6. 7.75 (2) of the statutes is amended to read:
7.75 (2) The Except as provided in this subsection, the presidential electors,
when convened, shall vote by ballot for that person for president and that person for
vice president who are, respectively, the candidates of the political party which
nominated them under s. 8.18, the candidates whose names appeared on the
nomination papers filed under s. 8.20, or the candidate or candidates who filed their
names under s. 8.185 (2), except that at least one of the persons for whom the electors
vote may not be an inhabitant of this state. A presidential elector is not required to
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vote for a candidate who is deceased at the time of the meeting. If the compact under
s. 5.11 governs the appointment of presidential electors, the presidential electors
shall vote for the persons for president and vice president who together make up the
slate in association with which the presidential electors were nominated, as that
concept is described under s. 5.11.
SECTION 7.0Effective dates. This act takes effect on the day after publication,
except as follows:
(1) The treatment of ss. 7.70 (5) (b) and 7.75 (2), the renumbering and
amendment of s. 5.10, and the creation of s. 5.10 (2) take effect upon notification by
the governor to the legislative reference bureau that the agreement ratified by this
state under s. 5.11 is in effect.
(END)
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