1 | 1 | | LRB-2947/1 |
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2 | 2 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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3 | 3 | | 2023 - 2024 LEGISLATURE |
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4 | 4 | | 2023 SENATE BILL 401 |
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5 | 5 | | August 25, 2023 - Introduced by Senators JACQUE and NASS, cosponsored by |
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6 | 6 | | Representatives BEHNKE, BODDEN, BRANDTJEN, MURPHY and WICHGERS. |
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7 | 7 | | Referred to Committee on Health. |
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8 | 8 | | AN ACT to create 36.41, 38.35, 39.295 and 252.23 of the statutes; relating to: |
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9 | 9 | | prohibiting institutions of higher education from conducting gain of function |
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10 | 10 | | research on potentially pandemic pathogens, requiring reporting of the |
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11 | 11 | | intention to conduct research on potentially pandemic pathogens, and |
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12 | 12 | | providing a penalty. |
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13 | 13 | | Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau |
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14 | 14 | | This bill prohibits institutions of higher education in this state from conducting |
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15 | 15 | | gain of function research on potentially pandemic pathogens. If an institution of |
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16 | 16 | | higher education violates the provisions of the bill, the board overseeing the |
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17 | 17 | | institution's receipt of state funds may not allocate any state funds to the institution |
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18 | 18 | | for the following fiscal year. “Institution of higher education” is defined in the bill |
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19 | 19 | | as an institution or college campus within the University of Wisconsin System, a |
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20 | 20 | | technical college within the Technical College System, a tribally controlled college, |
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21 | 21 | | or a private, nonprofit institution of higher education located in this state. “Gain of |
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22 | 22 | | function research” is defined in the bill to mean research that may be reasonably |
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23 | 23 | | anticipated to enhance the transmissibility or virulence of a potentially pandemic |
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24 | 24 | | pathogen. “Potentially pandemic pathogen” is defined in the bill to mean a virus, |
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25 | 25 | | bacteria, fungus, or eukaryotic parasite, or any strain or variant of a virus, bacteria, |
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26 | 26 | | fungus, or eukaryotic parasite, that is any of the following: 1) likely, moderately, or |
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27 | 27 | | highly transmissible and likely capable of wide and uncontrollable spread in human |
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28 | 28 | | populations; 2) likely, moderately, or highly virulent and likely to cause significant |
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33 | 33 | | 5 - 2 -2023 - 2024 Legislature LRB-2947/1 |
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34 | 34 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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35 | 35 | | SENATE BILL 401 |
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36 | 36 | | mortality and morbidity in human beings; or 3) likely to pose a severe threat to public |
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37 | 37 | | health and safety, the capacity of public health systems, or the security of this state |
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38 | 38 | | if allowed to spread within the general population. |
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39 | 39 | | In addition, the bill requires a person to submit a report to the Department of |
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40 | 40 | | Health Services at least 90 days before beginning research on a potentially pandemic |
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41 | 41 | | pathogen. The report must include 1) the location where the research will be |
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42 | 42 | | conducted; 2) the scope, nature, and purpose of the research; 3) the source of funding |
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43 | 43 | | for the research; 4) the identity of the pathogen that will be used or analyzed in the |
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44 | 44 | | research; 5) the potential impact the pathogen will have on the public if released into |
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45 | 45 | | the general population; and 6) the measures the person will take to ensure the |
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46 | 46 | | pathogen is not released. If a person does not timely provide this report, the person |
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47 | 47 | | may be required to forfeit not less than $50,000 nor more than $100,000 for each day |
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48 | 48 | | the person does not provide the report. |
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49 | 49 | | The bill allows DHS to request additional information about the research as |
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50 | 50 | | needed to inform governmental authorities that the research will be conducted and |
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51 | 51 | | to ensure adequate response plans and resources are available in the event a |
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52 | 52 | | potentially pandemic pathogen is released into the general population. The bill |
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53 | 53 | | allows DHS to request an executive order or an injunction to stop the research if DHS |
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54 | 54 | | determines the research poses a substantial and unjustifiable risk to public health |
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55 | 55 | | and safety, the capacity of public health systems, or the security of this state. |
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56 | 56 | | For further information see the state and local fiscal estimate, which will be |
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57 | 57 | | printed as an appendix to this bill. |
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58 | 58 | | The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do |
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59 | 59 | | enact as follows: |
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60 | 60 | | SECTION 1. 36.41 of the statutes is created to read: |
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61 | 61 | | 36.41 Prohibited potentially pandemic pathogen research. (1) |
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62 | 62 | | DEFINITIONS. In this section: |
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63 | 63 | | (a) “Gain of function research” means research that may reasonably be |
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64 | 64 | | anticipated to enhance the transmissibility or virulence of a potentially pandemic |
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65 | 65 | | pathogen. |
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66 | 66 | | (b) “Potentially pandemic pathogen” means a virus, bacteria, fungus, or |
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67 | 67 | | eukaryotic parasite, or any strain or variant of a virus, bacteria, fungus, or |
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68 | 68 | | eukaryotic parasite, that is any of the following: |
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78 | 78 | | LRB-2947/1 |
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79 | 79 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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80 | 80 | | SECTION 1 |
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81 | 81 | | SENATE BILL 401 |
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82 | 82 | | 1. Likely, moderately, or highly transmissible and likely capable of wide and |
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83 | 83 | | uncontrollable spread in human populations. |
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84 | 84 | | 2. Likely, moderately, or highly virulent and likely to cause significant |
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85 | 85 | | mortality and morbidity in human beings. |
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86 | 86 | | 3. Likely to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, the capacity of |
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87 | 87 | | public health systems, or the security of this state if allowed to spread within the |
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88 | 88 | | general population. |
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89 | 89 | | (2) PROHIBITION. No institution or college campus may conduct or provide |
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90 | 90 | | funding to another entity to conduct gain of function research on potentially |
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91 | 91 | | pandemic pathogens. |
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92 | 92 | | (3) PENALTY. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if an |
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93 | 93 | | institution or college campus violates sub. (2), the board may not allocate any |
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94 | 94 | | state-funds appropriation under s. 20.285 to that institution or college campus for |
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95 | 95 | | the following fiscal year. |
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96 | 96 | | (b) The penalty under this subsection applies if a state or federal court in this |
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97 | 97 | | state finds that, on the basis of a preponderance of the evidence, the institution or |
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98 | 98 | | college campus violated sub. (2). |
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99 | 99 | | SECTION 2. 38.35 of the statutes is created to read: |
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100 | 100 | | 38.35 Prohibited potentially pandemic pathogen research. (1) |
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101 | 101 | | DEFINITIONS. In this section: |
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102 | 102 | | (a) “Gain of function research” means research that may reasonably be |
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103 | 103 | | anticipated to enhance the transmissibility or virulence of a potentially pandemic |
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104 | 104 | | pathogen. |
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128 | 128 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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129 | 129 | | SECTION 2 SENATE BILL 401 |
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130 | 130 | | (b) “Potentially pandemic pathogen” means a virus, bacteria, fungus, or |
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131 | 131 | | eukaryotic parasite, or any strain or variant of a virus, bacteria, fungus, or |
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132 | 132 | | eukaryotic parasite, that is any of the following: |
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133 | 133 | | 1. Likely, moderately, or highly transmissible and likely capable of wide and |
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134 | 134 | | uncontrollable spread in human populations. |
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135 | 135 | | 2. Likely, moderately, or highly virulent and likely to cause significant |
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136 | 136 | | mortality and morbidity in human beings. |
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137 | 137 | | 3. Likely to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, the capacity of |
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138 | 138 | | public health systems, or the security of this state if allowed to spread within the |
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139 | 139 | | general population. |
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140 | 140 | | (2) PROHIBITION. No district board or technical college may conduct or provide |
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141 | 141 | | funding to another entity to conduct gain of function research on potentially |
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142 | 142 | | pandemic pathogens. |
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143 | 143 | | (3) PENALTY. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if a |
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144 | 144 | | district board or technical college violates sub. (2), the board may not allocate any |
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145 | 145 | | state-funds appropriation under s. 20.292 to that district board or technical college |
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146 | 146 | | for the following fiscal year. |
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147 | 147 | | (b) The penalty under this subsection applies if a state or federal court in this |
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148 | 148 | | state finds that, on the basis of a preponderance of the evidence, the district board |
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149 | 149 | | or technical college violated sub. (2). |
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150 | 150 | | SECTION 3. 39.295 of the statutes is created to read: |
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151 | 151 | | 39.295 Prohibited potentially pandemic pathogen research. (1) |
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152 | 152 | | DEFINITIONS. In this section: |
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175 | 175 | | 23 - 5 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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176 | 176 | | LRB-2947/1 |
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177 | 177 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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178 | 178 | | SECTION 3 |
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179 | 179 | | SENATE BILL 401 |
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180 | 180 | | (a) “Gain of function research” means research that may reasonably be |
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181 | 181 | | anticipated to enhance the transmissibility or virulence of a potentially pandemic |
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182 | 182 | | pathogen. |
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183 | 183 | | (b) “Institution of higher education” means an institution or college campus |
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184 | 184 | | within the University of Wisconsin System, a technical college within the technical |
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185 | 185 | | college system, a tribally controlled college, or a private, nonprofit institution of |
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186 | 186 | | higher education located in this state. |
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187 | 187 | | (c) “Potentially pandemic pathogen” means a virus, bacteria, fungus, or |
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188 | 188 | | eukaryotic parasite, or any strain or variant of a virus, bacteria, fungus, or |
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189 | 189 | | eukaryotic parasite, that is any of the following: |
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190 | 190 | | 1. Likely, moderately, or highly transmissible and likely capable of wide and |
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191 | 191 | | uncontrollable spread in human populations. |
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192 | 192 | | 2. Likely, moderately, or highly virulent and likely to cause significant |
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193 | 193 | | mortality and morbidity in human beings. |
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194 | 194 | | 3. Likely to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, the capacity of |
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195 | 195 | | public health systems, or the security of this state if allowed to spread within the |
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196 | 196 | | general population. |
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197 | 197 | | (2) PROHIBITION. No institution of higher education may conduct or provide |
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198 | 198 | | funding to another entity to conduct gain of function research on potentially |
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199 | 199 | | pandemic pathogens. |
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200 | 200 | | (3) PENALTY. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if an |
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201 | 201 | | institution of higher education violates sub. (2), the board may not allocate any state |
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202 | 202 | | funds to that institution of higher education for the following fiscal year. |
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226 | 226 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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227 | 227 | | SECTION 3 SENATE BILL 401 |
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228 | 228 | | (b) The penalty under this subsection applies if a state or federal court in this |
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229 | 229 | | state finds that, on the basis of a preponderance of the evidence, the institution of |
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230 | 230 | | higher education violated sub. (2). |
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231 | 231 | | SECTION 4. 252.23 of the statutes is created to read: |
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232 | 232 | | 252.23 Potentially pandemic pathogen research; report requirement. |
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233 | 233 | | (1) DEFINITION. In this section, “potentially pandemic pathogen” has the meaning |
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234 | 234 | | given in s. 36.41 (1) (b). |
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235 | 235 | | (2) REPORT REQUIREMENT. (a) A person that intends to conduct research on a |
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236 | 236 | | potentially pandemic pathogen, regardless of whether the person will use state funds |
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237 | 237 | | for the research, shall, at least 90 days before beginning the research and in the form |
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238 | 238 | | prescribed by the department, submit a report to the department on the intended |
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239 | 239 | | research that includes all of the following: |
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240 | 240 | | 1. The location where the research will be conducted. |
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241 | 241 | | 2. The scope, nature, and purpose of the research. |
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242 | 242 | | 3. The source of funding for the research. |
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243 | 243 | | 4. The identity of the potentially pandemic pathogen, including the strains or |
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244 | 244 | | variants of the pathogen, that will be used or analyzed in the research. |
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245 | 245 | | 5. The potential impact the potentially pandemic pathogen will have on the |
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246 | 246 | | public if released into the general population. |
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247 | 247 | | 6. The measures the person will take to ensure the potentially pandemic |
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248 | 248 | | pathogen is not released into the general population. |
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249 | 249 | | (b) Upon request by the department, a person that submits a report under par. |
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250 | 250 | | (a) shall provide to the department any additional information the department |
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251 | 251 | | determines is necessary for the department to do any of the following: |
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275 | 275 | | 24 - 7 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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276 | 276 | | LRB-2947/1 |
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277 | 277 | | JAM&KMS:emw |
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278 | 278 | | SECTION 4 |
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279 | 279 | | SENATE BILL 401 |
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280 | 280 | | 1. Properly inform federal, state, and local governmental authorities that the |
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281 | 281 | | research will be conducted. |
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282 | 282 | | 2. Ensure adequate response plans and resources are available in the event a |
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283 | 283 | | potentially pandemic pathogen is released into the general population. |
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284 | 284 | | (c) If, after reviewing the information a person submits under pars. (a) and (b), |
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285 | 285 | | the department determines that the person's intended research poses a substantial |
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286 | 286 | | and unjustifiable risk to public health and safety, the capacity of public health |
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287 | 287 | | systems, or the security of this state, the department may do any of the following: |
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288 | 288 | | 1. For research conducted by an institution or college campus within the |
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289 | 289 | | University of Wisconsin System or a technical college within the technical college |
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290 | 290 | | system, request that the governor issue an order prohibiting the conduct of the |
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291 | 291 | | research. |
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292 | 292 | | 2. For research conducted by a person other than a person listed in subd. 1., |
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293 | 293 | | request that the attorney general commence legal action for an injunction enjoining |
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294 | 294 | | the conduct of the research. |
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295 | 295 | | (3) PENALTY. A person that violates sub. (2) (a) may be required to forfeit not |
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296 | 296 | | less than $50,000 nor more than $100,000 for each violation. Each day of continued |
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297 | 297 | | violation constitutes a separate offense. |
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298 | 298 | | SECTION 5.0Initial applicability. |
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299 | 299 | | (1) The treatment of s. 252.23 first applies to research that is scheduled to begin |
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300 | 300 | | 120 days after the effective date of this subsection. |
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301 | 301 | | (END) |
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