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2 | 2 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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3 | 3 | | 2023 - 2024 LEGISLATURE |
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4 | 4 | | 2023 SENATE BILL 927 |
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5 | 5 | | January 19, 2024 - Introduced by Senators WANGGAARD and TAYLOR, cosponsored |
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6 | 6 | | by Representatives TUSLER and ORTIZ-VELEZ. Referred to Committee on |
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7 | 7 | | Judiciary and Public Safety. |
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8 | 8 | | ***AUTHORS SUBJECT TO CHANGE*** |
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9 | 9 | | AN ACT to amend 19.36 (11) and 19.55 (1); and to create 8.10 (7), 19.36 (14) and |
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10 | 10 | | 757.07 of the statutes; relating to: privacy protections for judicial officers, |
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11 | 11 | | granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty. |
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12 | 12 | | Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau |
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13 | 13 | | This bill establishes privacy protections for judicial officers and a procedure for |
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14 | 14 | | a judicial officer to complete a written request for protection of the personal |
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15 | 15 | | information of the judicial officer and the judicial officer's immediate family. |
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16 | 16 | | Under the bill, a government agency may not publicly post or display publicly |
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17 | 17 | | available content that includes a judicial officer's personal information, provided |
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18 | 18 | | that the government agency has received a written request from the officer that the |
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19 | 19 | | agency refrain from disclosing the personal information. Upon receipt of the written |
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20 | 20 | | request, the agency must remove the personal information within five business days |
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21 | 21 | | and may not publicly post or display the information. The personal information is |
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22 | 22 | | also exempt from public records requests unless the agency has received consent to |
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23 | 23 | | make the information available to the public. |
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24 | 24 | | The bill also provides that, upon receipt of a written request for privacy |
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25 | 25 | | protections from a judicial officer, all persons, businesses, and associations must |
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26 | 26 | | refrain from publicly posting or displaying on the Internet publicly available content |
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27 | 27 | | that includes the personal information of the judicial officer or the judicial officer's |
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28 | 28 | | immediate family. The prohibition does not apply to personal information that the |
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29 | 29 | | judicial officer or an immediate family member of the judicial officer voluntarily |
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30 | 30 | | publishes on the Internet after the bill goes into effect or personal information |
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35 | 35 | | SENATE BILL 927 |
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36 | 36 | | lawfully received from a state or federal government source, including from an |
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37 | 37 | | employee or agent of the state or federal government. |
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38 | 38 | | After a person, business, or association has received a written request from a |
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39 | 39 | | judicial officer, the person, business, or association must, within 72 hours of the |
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40 | 40 | | request, remove the personal information from the Internet; ensure that the judicial |
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41 | 41 | | officer's personal information is not made available on any website or subsidiary |
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42 | 42 | | website controlled by that person, business, or association; and identify any other |
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43 | 43 | | instances of the identified information that should also be removed. Under the bill, |
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44 | 44 | | once a written request is received, no person, business, or association may transfer |
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45 | 45 | | the judicial officer's personal information to any other person, business, or |
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46 | 46 | | association through any medium, except for personal information that the judicial |
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47 | 47 | | officer or an immediate family member of the judicial officer voluntarily publishes |
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48 | 48 | | on the Internet after the bill goes into effect, or if a transfer is made at the request |
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49 | 49 | | of the judicial officer or is necessary to effectuate a request to the person, business, |
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50 | 50 | | or association from the judicial officer. The bill also expressly prohibits a data broker, |
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51 | 51 | | as defined in the bill, from knowingly selling, licensing, trading, purchasing, or |
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52 | 52 | | otherwise making available for consideration the personal information of a judicial |
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53 | 53 | | officer or a judicial officer's immediate family. |
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54 | 54 | | Under the bill, a candidate for a judicial office may, instead of having his or her |
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55 | 55 | | name and residential address listed on nomination papers, file a certification of |
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56 | 56 | | residence with the Elections Commission before circulating nomination papers. A |
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57 | 57 | | judicial officer circulating nomination papers on behalf of a candidate for a |
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58 | 58 | | nonpartisan office, or signing nomination papers supporting a candidate for a |
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59 | 59 | | nonpartisan office, may similarly file a certification of residence with the Elections |
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60 | 60 | | Commission before circulating or signing nomination papers. The bill requires the |
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61 | 61 | | commission, by rule, to verify the address provided in the certification of residence. |
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62 | 62 | | Under current law, generally, a candidate for a state or local elective office must file |
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63 | 63 | | nomination papers with the commission or, for a local office, with the appropriate |
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64 | 64 | | municipal clerk. The top of each nomination paper must list the candidate's full |
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65 | 65 | | name, including any nickname or former surname, and his or her residential street |
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66 | 66 | | address. Under current law, a person circulating nomination papers on behalf of a |
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67 | 67 | | candidate for a judicial office must also provide a certification at the bottom of each |
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68 | 68 | | nomination paper stating his or her residential street address. |
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69 | 69 | | Because this bill creates a new crime or revises a penalty for an existing crime, |
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70 | 70 | | the Joint Review Committee on Criminal Penalties may be requested to prepare a |
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71 | 71 | | report. |
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72 | 72 | | For further information see the state and local fiscal estimate, which will be |
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73 | 73 | | printed as an appendix to this bill. |
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74 | 74 | | The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do |
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75 | 75 | | enact as follows: |
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76 | 76 | | SECTION 1. 8.10 (7) of the statutes is created to read:1 - 3 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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77 | 77 | | LRB-5526/1 |
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78 | 78 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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79 | 79 | | SECTION 1 |
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80 | 80 | | SENATE BILL 927 |
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81 | 81 | | 8.10 (7) (a) Notwithstanding sub. (2) (b) and (c) and s. 8.21 (4) (b), a candidate |
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82 | 82 | | for filling the office of a judicial officer, as defined in s. 757.07 (1) (e), who files a |
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83 | 83 | | certification of residence with the commission before circulating nomination papers |
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84 | 84 | | is not required to indicate his or her residential address on the nomination papers, |
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85 | 85 | | including nomination papers circulated on behalf of the judicial officer, or on the |
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86 | 86 | | declaration of candidacy. Notwithstanding sub. (3) (intro.), a judicial officer, as |
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87 | 87 | | defined in s. 757.07 (1) (e), who intends to circulate nomination papers on behalf of |
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88 | 88 | | a candidate for filling a nonpartisan office, or who intends to sign nomination papers |
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89 | 89 | | to support such a candidate, is not required to indicate his or her residential address |
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90 | 90 | | on the certification of a qualified circulator appended to the nomination papers or on |
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91 | 91 | | the nomination papers as a signatory. The commission shall promulgate rules for the |
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92 | 92 | | administration of this subsection and prescribe a certification of residence for a |
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93 | 93 | | candidate or circulating judicial officer for use under this subsection. |
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94 | 94 | | (b) Certifications of residence submitted to the commission under par. (a) shall |
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95 | 95 | | be kept confidential until the candidate or judicial officer files a declaration of |
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96 | 96 | | noncandidacy, except that the commission shall provide such certifications to the |
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97 | 97 | | appropriate filing officer for the office the candidate or judicial officer seeks. Filing |
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98 | 98 | | officers shall also keep confidential the certifications received by the commission |
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99 | 99 | | until the candidate or judicial officer files a declaration of noncandidacy. |
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100 | 100 | | SECTION 2. 19.36 (11) of the statutes is amended to read: |
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101 | 101 | | 19.36 (11) RECORDS OF AN INDIVIDUAL HOLDING A LOCAL PUBLIC OFFICE OR A STATE |
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102 | 102 | | PUBLIC OFFICE. Unless access is specifically authorized or required by statute, an |
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103 | 103 | | authority shall not provide access under s. 19.35 (1) to records, except to an |
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104 | 104 | | individual to the extent required under s. 103.13, containing information |
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105 | 105 | | maintained, prepared, or provided by an employer concerning the home address, |
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131 | 131 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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132 | 132 | | SECTION 2 SENATE BILL 927 |
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133 | 133 | | home electronic mail address, home telephone number, or social security number of |
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134 | 134 | | an individual who holds a local public office or a state public office, unless the |
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135 | 135 | | individual authorizes the authority to provide access to such information. This |
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136 | 136 | | Except as provided in sub. (14), this subsection does not apply to the home address |
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137 | 137 | | of an individual who holds an elective public office or to the home address of an |
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138 | 138 | | individual who, as a condition of employment, is required to reside in a specified |
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139 | 139 | | location. |
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140 | 140 | | SECTION 3. 19.36 (14) of the statutes is created to read: |
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141 | 141 | | 19.36 (14) PRIVACY PROTECTIONS FOR JUDICIAL OFFICERS. An authority shall not |
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142 | 142 | | provide access under s. 19.35 (1) to a certification of residence under s. 8.10 (7) or to |
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143 | 143 | | the personal information, as defined in s. 757.07 (1) (f), of a judicial officer, as defined |
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144 | 144 | | in s. 757.07 (1) (e), except as provided under s. 8.10 (7) (b). |
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145 | 145 | | SECTION 4. 19.55 (1) of the statutes is amended to read: |
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146 | 146 | | 19.55 (1) Except as provided in s. 19.36 (14) and subs. (2) to (4), all records |
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147 | 147 | | under ch. 11, this subchapter, or subch. III of ch. 13 in the possession of the |
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148 | 148 | | commission are open to public inspection at all reasonable times. The commission |
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149 | 149 | | shall require an individual wishing to examine a statement of economic interests or |
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150 | 150 | | the list of persons who inspect any statements which are in the commission's |
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151 | 151 | | possession to provide his or her full name and address, and if the individual is |
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152 | 152 | | representing another person, the full name and address of the person which he or she |
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153 | 153 | | represents. Such identification may be provided in writing or in person. The |
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154 | 154 | | commission shall record and retain for at least 3 years information obtained by it |
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155 | 155 | | pursuant to this subsection. No individual may use a fictitious name or address or |
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156 | 156 | | fail to identify a principal in making any request for inspection. |
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157 | 157 | | SECTION 5. 757.07 of the statutes is created to read: |
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185 | 185 | | SECTION 5 |
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186 | 186 | | SENATE BILL 927 |
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187 | 187 | | 757.07 Privacy protections for judicial officers. (1) DEFINITIONS. In this |
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188 | 188 | | section: |
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189 | 189 | | (a) “Data broker” means a commercial entity that collects, assembles, or |
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190 | 190 | | maintains personal information concerning an individual who is not a customer or |
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191 | 191 | | an employee of that entity in order to sell the information or provide 3rd-party access |
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192 | 192 | | to the information. “Data broker” does not include any of the following: |
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193 | 193 | | 1. A commercial entity using personal information internally, providing access |
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194 | 194 | | to businesses under common ownership or affiliated by corporate control, or selling |
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195 | 195 | | or providing data for a transaction or service requested by or concerning the |
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196 | 196 | | individual whose personal information is being transferred. |
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197 | 197 | | 2. A commercial entity providing publicly available information through |
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198 | 198 | | real-time or near real-time alert services for health or safety purposes. |
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199 | 199 | | 3. A consumer reporting agency subject to the federal Fair Credit Reporting |
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200 | 200 | | Act, 15 USC 1681, et seq. |
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201 | 201 | | 4. A financial institution subject to the requirements of 15 USC 6801, et seq., |
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202 | 202 | | and federal regulations implementing those provisions. |
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203 | 203 | | 5. A covered entity for purposes of the federal privacy regulations promulgated |
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204 | 204 | | under the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, |
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205 | 205 | | specifically 42 USC 1320d-2 note. |
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206 | 206 | | 6. A commercial entity engaging in the collection and sale or licensing of |
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207 | 207 | | personal information incidental to conducting the activities described in subds. 1. to |
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208 | 208 | | 5. |
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209 | 209 | | (b) “Government agency” includes any association, authority, board, |
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210 | 210 | | department, commission, independent agency, institution, office, society, or other |
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235 | 235 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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236 | 236 | | SECTION 5 SENATE BILL 927 |
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237 | 237 | | body corporate and politic in state or local government created or authorized to be |
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238 | 238 | | created by the constitution or any law. |
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239 | 239 | | (c) “Home address” includes a judicial officer's permanent residence and any |
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240 | 240 | | secondary residences affirmatively identified by the judicial officer. “Home address” |
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241 | 241 | | does not include a judicial officer's work address. |
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242 | 242 | | (d) “Immediate family” includes any of the following: |
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243 | 243 | | 1. A judicial officer's spouse. |
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244 | 244 | | 2. A child of the judicial officer or of the judicial officer's spouse, including a |
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245 | 245 | | foster child or an adult child not residing with the judicial officer. |
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246 | 246 | | 3. A parent of the judicial officer or the judicial officer's spouse. |
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247 | 247 | | 4. Any other person who resides at the judicial officer's residence. |
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248 | 248 | | (e) “Judicial officer” means any of the following, whether living or deceased: |
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249 | 249 | | 1. A justice or former justice of the supreme court. |
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250 | 250 | | 2. A judge or former judge of the court of appeals. |
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251 | 251 | | 3. A judge or former judge of any circuit court. |
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252 | 252 | | 4. A municipal judge or former municipal judge in this state. |
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253 | 253 | | 5. A circuit court commissioner or former circuit court commissioner in this |
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254 | 254 | | state. |
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255 | 255 | | (f) “Personal information” means any of the following with regard to a judicial |
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256 | 256 | | officer or any immediate family member of a judicial officer, but does not include |
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257 | 257 | | information regarding employment with a government agency: |
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258 | 258 | | 1. A home address. |
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259 | 259 | | 2. A home or personal mobile telephone number. |
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260 | 260 | | 3. A personal email address. |
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286 | 286 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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287 | 287 | | SECTION 5 |
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288 | 288 | | SENATE BILL 927 |
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289 | 289 | | 4. A social security number, driver's license number, federal tax identification |
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290 | 290 | | number, or state tax identification number. |
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291 | 291 | | 5. A bank account or credit or debit card information. |
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292 | 292 | | 6. A license plate number or other unique identifiers of a vehicle owned, leased, |
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293 | 293 | | or regularly used by a judicial officer or an immediate family member of a judicial |
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294 | 294 | | officer. |
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295 | 295 | | 7. The identification of children under the age of 18 of a judicial officer or an |
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296 | 296 | | immediate family member of a judicial officer. |
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297 | 297 | | 8. The full date of birth. |
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298 | 298 | | 9. Information regarding current or future school or day care attendance, |
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299 | 299 | | including the name or address of the school or day care, schedules of attendance, or |
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300 | 300 | | routes taken to or from the school or day care by a judicial officer or an immediate |
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301 | 301 | | family member of a judicial officer. |
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302 | 302 | | 10. Information regarding an employment location, including the name or |
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303 | 303 | | address of the employer, employment schedules, or routes taken to or from the |
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304 | 304 | | employer by a judicial officer or an immediate family member of a judicial officer. |
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305 | 305 | | 11. Marital status. |
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306 | 306 | | (g) “Publicly available content” means any written, printed, or electronic |
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307 | 307 | | document or record that provides information or that serves as a document or record |
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308 | 308 | | maintained, controlled, or in the possession of a government agency that may be |
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309 | 309 | | obtained by any person or entity, from the Internet, from the government agency |
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310 | 310 | | upon request either free of charge or for a fee, or in response to a public records |
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311 | 311 | | request under ch. 19. |
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312 | 312 | | (h) “Publicly post or display” means to intentionally communicate or otherwise |
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313 | 313 | | make available to the general public. |
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340 | 340 | | SECTION 5 SENATE BILL 927 |
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341 | 341 | | (i) “Transfer” means to sell, license, trade, or exchange for consideration the |
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342 | 342 | | personal information of a judicial officer or a judicial officer's immediate family |
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343 | 343 | | member. |
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344 | 344 | | (j) “Written request” means written notice signed by a judicial officer or a |
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345 | 345 | | representative of the judicial officer's employer requesting a government agency, |
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346 | 346 | | business, association, or other person to refrain from publicly posting or displaying |
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347 | 347 | | publicly available content that includes the personal information of the judicial |
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348 | 348 | | officer or judicial officer's immediate family. |
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349 | 349 | | (2) PUBLICLY POSTING OR DISPLAYING A JUDICIAL OFFICER'S PERSONAL INFORMATION |
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350 | 350 | | BY A GOVERNMENT AGENCY. (a) A government agency may not publicly post or display |
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351 | 351 | | publicly available content that includes a judicial officer's personal information, |
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352 | 352 | | provided that the government agency has received a written request in accordance |
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353 | 353 | | with sub. (4) that it refrain from disclosing the judicial officer's personal information. |
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354 | 354 | | After a government agency has received a written request, that agency shall remove |
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355 | 355 | | the judicial officer's personal information from publicly available content within 5 |
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356 | 356 | | business days. After the government agency has removed the judicial officer's |
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357 | 357 | | personal information from publicly available content, the agency may not publicly |
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358 | 358 | | post or display the information, and the judicial officer's personal information shall |
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359 | 359 | | be exempt from inspection and copying under s. 19.35 unless the government agency |
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360 | 360 | | has received consent from the judicial officer to make the personal information |
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361 | 361 | | available to the public. |
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362 | 362 | | (b) Nothing in this subsection prohibits a government agency from providing |
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363 | 363 | | access to records containing the personal information of a judicial officer to a 3rd |
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364 | 364 | | party if the 3rd party meets any of the following criteria: |
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365 | 365 | | 1. Possesses a signed release from the judicial officer. |
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392 | 392 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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393 | 393 | | SECTION 5 |
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394 | 394 | | SENATE BILL 927 |
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395 | 395 | | 2. Is subject to the requirements of 15 USC 6801, et seq. |
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396 | 396 | | 3. Executes a confidentiality agreement with the government agency. |
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397 | 397 | | (3) DATA BROKERS AND OTHER PERSONS AND BUSINESSES. (a) No data broker may |
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398 | 398 | | knowingly sell, license, trade, purchase, or otherwise make available for |
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399 | 399 | | consideration the personal information of a judicial officer or a judicial officer's |
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400 | 400 | | immediate family. |
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401 | 401 | | (b) 1. No person, business, or association may publicly post or display on the |
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402 | 402 | | Internet publicly available content that includes the personal information of a |
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403 | 403 | | judicial officer or the judicial officer's immediate family, provided that the judicial |
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404 | 404 | | officer has made a written request to the person, business, or association that it |
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405 | 405 | | refrain from disclosing or acquiring the personal information. |
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406 | 406 | | 2. Subdivision 1. does not apply to any of the following: |
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407 | 407 | | a. Personal information that the judicial officer or an immediate family |
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408 | 408 | | member of the judicial officer voluntarily publishes on the Internet after the effective |
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409 | 409 | | date of this subd. 2. a. .... [LRB inserts date]. |
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410 | 410 | | b. Personal information lawfully received from a state or federal government |
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411 | 411 | | source, including from an employee or agent of the state or federal government. |
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412 | 412 | | (c) 1. After a person, business, or association has received a written request |
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413 | 413 | | from a judicial officer to protect the privacy of the personal information of the judicial |
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414 | 414 | | officer and the judicial officer's immediate family, the person, business, or |
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415 | 415 | | association shall remove from the Internet, within 72 hours, the personal |
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416 | 416 | | information identified in the request; ensure that the information is not made |
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417 | 417 | | available on any website or subsidiary website controlled by that person, business, |
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418 | 418 | | or association; and identify any other instances of the identified information that |
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419 | 419 | | should also be removed. |
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444 | 444 | | 25 - 10 -2023 - 2024 Legislature LRB-5526/1 |
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445 | 445 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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446 | 446 | | SECTION 5 SENATE BILL 927 |
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447 | 447 | | 2. After receiving a judicial officer's written request, no person, business, or |
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448 | 448 | | association may transfer the judicial officer's personal information to any other |
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449 | 449 | | person, business, or association through any medium, except as follows: |
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450 | 450 | | a. The person, business, or association may transfer personal information that |
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451 | 451 | | the judicial officer or an immediate family member of the judicial officer voluntarily |
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452 | 452 | | publishes on the Internet after the effective date of this subd. 2. a. .... [LRB inserts |
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453 | 453 | | date]. |
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454 | 454 | | b. The person, business, or association may transfer the judicial officer's |
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455 | 455 | | personal information at the request of the judicial officer if the transfer is necessary |
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456 | 456 | | to effectuate a request to the person, business, or association from the judicial officer. |
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457 | 457 | | (4) PROCEDURE FOR COMPLETING A WRITTEN REQUEST FOR PROTECTION OF PERSONAL |
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458 | 458 | | INFORMATION. (a) No government agency, person, business, or association may be |
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459 | 459 | | found to have violated any provision of this section if the judicial officer fails to |
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460 | 460 | | submit a written request calling for the protection of the personal information of the |
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461 | 461 | | judicial officer or the judicial officer's immediate family. |
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462 | 462 | | (b) A written request under this subsection is valid if all of the following are |
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463 | 463 | | true: |
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464 | 464 | | 1. The judicial officer sends a written request directly to a government agency, |
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465 | 465 | | person, business, or association. |
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466 | 466 | | 2. If the director of state courts has a policy and procedure for a judicial officer |
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467 | 467 | | to file the written request with the director of state court's office to notify government |
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468 | 468 | | agencies, the judicial officer may send the written request to the director of state |
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469 | 469 | | courts. In each quarter of a calendar year, the director of state courts shall provide |
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470 | 470 | | to the appropriate officer with ultimate supervisory authority for a government |
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471 | 471 | | agency a list of all judicial officers who have submitted the written request under this |
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496 | 496 | | 25 - 11 -2023 - 2024 Legislature |
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497 | 497 | | LRB-5526/1 |
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498 | 498 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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499 | 499 | | SECTION 5 |
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500 | 500 | | SENATE BILL 927 |
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501 | 501 | | subsection. The officer shall promptly provide a copy of the list to the government |
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502 | 502 | | agencies under his or her supervision. Receipt of the written request list compiled |
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503 | 503 | | by the director of state courts office by a government agency shall constitute a written |
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504 | 504 | | request to that agency for purposes of this subsection. |
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505 | 505 | | (c) A representative from the judicial officer's employer may submit a written |
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506 | 506 | | request on the judicial officer's behalf, provided that the judicial officer has given |
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507 | 507 | | written consent to the representative and provided that the representative agrees |
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508 | 508 | | to furnish a copy of that consent when the written request is made. The |
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509 | 509 | | representative shall submit the written request as provided under par. (b). |
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510 | 510 | | (d) A judicial officer's written request shall specify what personal information |
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511 | 511 | | shall be maintained as private. If a judicial officer wishes to identify a secondary |
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512 | 512 | | residence as a home address, the designation shall be made in the written request. |
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513 | 513 | | A judicial officer's written request shall disclose the identity of the officer's |
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514 | 514 | | immediate family and indicate that the personal information of these family |
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515 | 515 | | members shall also be excluded to the extent that it could reasonably be expected to |
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516 | 516 | | reveal personal information of the judicial officer. |
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517 | 517 | | (e) A judicial officer's written request is valid until one of the following occurs: |
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518 | 518 | | 1. The judicial officer provides the government agency, person, business, or |
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519 | 519 | | association with written permission to release the personal information. |
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520 | 520 | | 2. The death of the judicial officer. |
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521 | 521 | | (5) (a) A judicial officer whose personal information is made public as a result |
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522 | 522 | | of a violation of this section may bring an action seeking injunctive or declaratory |
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523 | 523 | | relief in any court of competent jurisdiction. Notwithstanding s. 814.04, if the court |
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524 | 524 | | grants injunctive or declaratory relief, the governmental agency, business, |
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548 | 548 | | 24 - 12 -2023 - 2024 Legislature LRB-5526/1 |
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549 | 549 | | SWB&JK:wlj |
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550 | 550 | | SECTION 5 SENATE BILL 927 |
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551 | 551 | | association, data broker, or other person responsible for the violation shall be |
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552 | 552 | | required to pay the judicial officer's costs and reasonable attorney fees. |
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553 | 553 | | (b) Provided that an employee of a government agency has complied with the |
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554 | 554 | | conditions set forth in sub. (2), it is not a violation of this section if an employee of |
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555 | 555 | | a government agency publishes personal information, in good faith, on the website |
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556 | 556 | | of the government agency in the ordinary course of carrying out public functions. |
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557 | 557 | | (c) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly publicly post or display on the |
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558 | 558 | | Internet the personal information of a judicial officer or of the judicial officer's |
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559 | 559 | | immediate family if the person intends the public posting or display of the personal |
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560 | 560 | | information to create or increase a threat to the health and safety of the judicial |
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561 | 561 | | officer or the judicial officer's immediate family and, under the circumstances, bodily |
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562 | 562 | | injury or death of the judicial officer or a member of the judicial officer's immediate |
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563 | 563 | | family is a natural and probable consequence of the posting or display. A person who |
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564 | 564 | | violates this paragraph is guilty of a Class G felony. |
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565 | 565 | | (6) This section shall be construed broadly to favor the protection of the |
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566 | 566 | | personal information of judicial officers and the immediate family of judicial officers. |
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567 | 567 | | SECTION 6.0Effective date. |
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568 | 568 | | (1) This act takes effect on the first day of the 7th month beginning after |
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569 | 569 | | publication. |
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570 | 570 | | (END) |
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