Connecticut 2023 Regular Session

Connecticut House Bill HB06840 Compare Versions

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7+General Assembly Substitute Bill No. 6840
8+January Session, 2023
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4-Substitute House Bill No. 6840
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6-Public Act No. 23-86
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914 AN ACT EXPANDING MEMBERSHIP OF THE POLICE OFFICER
10-STANDARDS AND TRAINING COUNCIL.
15+STANDARDS AND TRAINING COUNCIL, REQUIRING GUIDELINES
16+REGARDING BODY -WORN RECORDING EQUIPMENT AND
17+REQUIRING A REPORT REGARDING CONDUCT THAT UNDERMINES
18+PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT.
1119 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
1220 Assembly convened:
1321
14-Section 1. Section 7-294b of the general statutes is repealed and the
15-following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective January 1, 2024):
16-(a) There shall be a Police Officer Standards and Training Council
17-which shall be within the Department of Emergency Services and Public
18-Protection. [Until December 31, 2020, the council shall consist of the
19-following members appointed by the Governor: (1) A chief
20-administrative officer of a town or city in Connecticut; (2) the chief
21-elected official or chief executive officer of a town or city in Connecticut
22-with a population under twelve thousand which does not have an
23-organized police department; (3) a member of the faculty of The
24-University of Connecticut; (4) eight members of the Connecticut Police
25-Chiefs Association who are holding office or employed as chief of police
26-or the highest ranking professional police officer of an organized police
27-department of a municipality within the state; (5) the Chief State's
28-Attorney; (6) a sworn municipal police officer whose rank is sergeant or
29-lower; and (7) five public members.]
30-(b) [On and after January 1, 2021, the] The council shall consist of the Substitute House Bill No. 6840
22+Section 1. Section 7-294b of the general statutes is repealed and the 1
23+following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective January 1, 2024): 2
24+(a) There shall be a Police Officer Standards and Training Council 3
25+which shall be within the Department of Emergency Services and 4
26+Public Protection. [Until December 31, 2020, the council shall consist of 5
27+the following members appointed by the Governor: (1) A chief 6
28+administrative officer of a town or city in Connecticut; (2) the chief 7
29+elected official or chief executive officer of a town or city in 8
30+Connecticut with a population under twelve thousand which does not 9
31+have an organized police department; (3) a member of the faculty of 10
32+The University of Connecticut; (4) eight members of the Connecticut 11
33+Police Chiefs Association who are holding office or employed as chief 12
34+of police or the highest ranking professional police officer of an 13
35+organized police department of a municipality within the state; (5) the 14
36+Chief State's Attorney; (6) a sworn municipal police officer whose rank 15
37+is sergeant or lower; and (7) five public members.] 16 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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34-following members:
35-(1) The chief elected official or chief executive officer of a town or city
36-within the state with a population in excess of fifty thousand, appointed
37-by the Governor;
38-(2) The chief elected official or chief executive officer of a town or city
39-within the state with a population of fifty thousand or less, appointed
40-by the Governor;
41-(3) A member of the faculty of an institution of higher education in
42-the state who has a background in criminal justice studies, appointed by
43-the Governor;
44-(4) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is
45-holding office or employed as the chief of police, the deputy chief of
46-police or a senior ranking professional police officer of an organized
47-police department of a municipality within the state with a population
48-in excess of one hundred thousand, appointed by the Governor;
49-(5) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is
50-holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest ranking
51-professional police officer of an organized police department of a
52-municipality within the state with a population in excess of sixty
53-thousand but not exceeding one hundred thousand, appointed by the
54-Governor;
55-(6) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is
56-holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest ranking
57-professional police officer of an organized police department of a
58-municipality within the state with a population in excess of thirty-five
59-thousand but not exceeding sixty thousand, appointed by the Governor;
60-(7) A sworn municipal police officer from a municipality within the
61-state with a population exceeding fifty thousand, appointed by the Substitute House Bill No. 6840
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44+(b) [On and after January 1, 2021, the] The council shall consist of 17
45+the following members: 18
46+(1) The chief elected official or chief executive officer of a town or 19
47+city within the state with a population in excess of fifty thousand, 20
48+appointed by the Governor; 21
49+(2) The chief elected official or chief executive officer of a town or 22
50+city within the state with a population of fifty thousand or less, 23
51+appointed by the Governor; 24
52+(3) A member of the faculty of an institution of higher education in 25
53+the state who has a background in criminal justice studies, appointed 26
54+by the Governor; 27
55+(4) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is 28
56+holding office or employed as the chief of police, the deputy chief of 29
57+police or a senior ranking professional police officer of an organized 30
58+police department of a municipality within the state with a population 31
59+in excess of one hundred thousand, appointed by the Governor; 32
60+(5) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is 33
61+holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest ranking 34
62+professional police officer of an organized police department of a 35
63+municipality within the state with a population in excess of sixty 36
64+thousand but not exceeding one hundred thousand, appointed by the 37
65+Governor; 38
66+(6) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is 39
67+holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest ranking 40
68+professional police officer of an organized police department of a 41
69+municipality within the state with a population in excess of thirty-five 42
70+thousand but not exceeding sixty thousand, appointed by the 43
71+Governor; 44
72+(7) A sworn municipal police officer from a municipality within the 45
73+state with a population exceeding fifty thousand, appointed by the 46 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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65-Governor;
66-(8) A sworn municipal police officer from a municipality within the
67-state with a population not exceeding fifty thousand, appointed by the
68-Governor;
69-(9) The commanding officer of the Connecticut State Police Academy;
70-(10) A member of the public, who is a person with a physical
71-disability or an advocate on behalf of persons with physical disabilities,
72-appointed by the Governor;
73-(11) A victim of crime or the immediate family member of a deceased
74-victim of crime, appointed by the Governor;
75-(12) A medical professional, appointed by the Governor;
76-(13) The Chief State's Attorney;
77-(14) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association or the
78-person holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest
79-ranking professional police officer of an organized police department
80-within the state, appointed by the speaker of the House of
81-Representatives;
82-(15) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association or the
83-person holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest
84-ranking professional police officer of an organized police department
85-within the state, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate;
86-(16) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is
87-holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest ranking
88-professional police officer of an organized police department of a
89-municipality within the state with a population not exceeding thirty-five
90-thousand, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; Substitute House Bill No. 6840
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94-(17) A member of the public who is a justice-impacted person,
95-appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives;
96-(18) A member of the public who is a justice-impacted person,
97-appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; [and]
98-(19) A member of the public who is a person with a mental disability
99-or an advocate on behalf of persons with mental disabilities, appointed
100-by the minority leader of the House of Representatives;
101-(20) A sworn police officer who is not in a command position within
102-such officer's law enforcement unit, who is appointed by the
103-chairpersons of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly
104-having cognizance of matters relating to public safety and security; and
105-(21) A sworn police officer who is not in a command position within
106-such officer's law enforcement unit, who is appointed by the minority
107-leader of the Senate and the minority leader of the House of
108-Representatives.
109-(c) The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection
110-and the Federal Bureau of Investigation special agent-in-charge in
111-Connecticut or their designees shall be voting ex-officio members of the
112-council. Any member who fails to attend three consecutive meetings or
113-who fails to attend fifty per cent of all meetings held during any
114-calendar year shall be deemed to have resigned from the council. Any
115-nonpublic member of the council shall immediately, upon the
116-termination of such member's holding the office or employment that
117-qualified such member for appointment, cease to be a member of the
118-council. Any vacancy shall be filled by the appointing authority. A
119-member appointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired
120-term of the member whom such member is to succeed in the same
121-manner as the original appointment. The Governor shall appoint a
122-chairperson and the council shall appoint a vice-chairperson and a Substitute House Bill No. 6840
80+Governor; 47
81+(8) A sworn municipal police officer from a municipality within the 48
82+state with a population not exceeding fifty thousand, appointed by the 49
83+Governor; 50
84+(9) The commanding officer of the Connecticut State Police 51
85+Academy; 52
86+(10) A member of the public, who is a person with a physical 53
87+disability or an advocate on behalf of persons with physical 54
88+disabilities, appointed by the Governor; 55
89+(11) A victim of crime or the immediate family member of a 56
90+deceased victim of crime, appointed by the Governor; 57
91+(12) A medical professional, appointed by the Governor; 58
92+(13) The Chief State's Attorney; 59
93+(14) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association or the 60
94+person holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest 61
95+ranking professional police officer of an organized police department 62
96+within the state, appointed by the speaker of the House of 63
97+Representatives; 64
98+(15) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association or the 65
99+person holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest 66
100+ranking professional police officer of an organized police department 67
101+within the state, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate; 68
102+(16) A member of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association who is 69
103+holding office or employed as chief of police or the highest ranking 70
104+professional police officer of an organized police department of a 71
105+municipality within the state with a population not exceeding thirty-72
106+five thousand, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; 73
107+(17) A member of the public who is a justice-impacted person, 74 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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126-secretary from among the members.
127-(d) Membership on the council shall not constitute holding a public
128-office. No member of the council shall be disqualified from holding any
129-public office or employment by reason of his appointment to or
130-membership on the council nor shall any member forfeit any such office
131-or employment by reason of his appointment to the council,
132-notwithstanding the provisions of any general statute, special act or
133-local law, ordinance or charter.
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114+appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives; 75
115+(18) A member of the public who is a justice-impacted person, 76
116+appointed by the majority leader of the Senate; [and] 77
117+(19) A member of the public who is a person with a mental 78
118+disability or an advocate on behalf of persons with mental disabilities, 79
119+appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; 80
120+(20) A sworn police officer who is not in a command position within 81
121+such officer's law enforcement unit, appointed by the Senate 82
122+chairperson of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly 83
123+having cognizance of matters relating to public safety and security; 84
124+and 85
125+(21) A sworn police officer who is not in a command position within 86
126+such officer's law enforcement unit, appointed by the House 87
127+chairperson of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly 88
128+having cognizance of matters relating to public safety and security. 89
129+(c) The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection 90
130+and the Federal Bureau of Investigation special agent-in-charge in 91
131+Connecticut or their designees shall be voting ex-officio members of 92
132+the council. Any member who fails to attend three consecutive 93
133+meetings or who fails to attend fifty per cent of all meetings held 94
134+during any calendar year shall be deemed to have resigned from the 95
135+council. Any nonpublic member of the council shall immediately, 96
136+upon the termination of such member's holding the office or 97
137+employment that qualified such member for appointment, cease to be 98
138+a member of the council. Any vacancy shall be filled by the appointing 99
139+authority. A member appointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for 100
140+the unexpired term of the member whom such member is to succeed in 101
141+the same manner as the original appointment. The Governor shall 102
142+appoint a chairperson and the council shall appoint a vice-chairperson 103
143+and a secretary from among the members. 104
144+(d) Membership on the council shall not constitute holding a public 105 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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151+office. No member of the council shall be disqualified from holding 106
152+any public office or employment by reason of his appointment to or 107
153+membership on the council nor shall any member forfeit any such 108
154+office or employment by reason of his appointment to the council, 109
155+notwithstanding the provisions of any general statute, special act or 110
156+local law, ordinance or charter. 111
157+Sec. 2. Section 29-6d of the general statutes is repealed and the 112
158+following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2023): 113
159+(a) For purposes of this section and section 7-277b: 114
160+(1) "Law enforcement unit" has the same meaning as provided in 115
161+section 7-294a; 116
162+(2) "Police officer" means a sworn member of a law enforcement unit 117
163+or any member of a law enforcement unit who performs police duties; 118
164+(3) "Body-worn recording equipment" means an electronic 119
165+recording device that is capable of recording audio and video; 120
166+(4) "Dashboard camera" means a dashboard camera with a remote 121
167+recorder, as defined in section 7-277b; 122
168+(5) "Digital data storage device or service" means a device or service 123
169+that retains the data from the recordings made by body-worn 124
170+recording equipment using computer data storage; and 125
171+(6) "Police patrol vehicle" means any state or local police vehicle 126
172+other than an administrative vehicle in which an occupant is wearing 127
173+body-worn camera equipment, a bicycle, a motor scooter, an all-terrain 128
174+vehicle, an electric personal assistive mobility device, as defined in 129
175+subsection (a) of section 14-289h, or an animal control vehicle. 130
176+(b) The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection 131
177+and the Police Officer Standards and Training Council shall jointly 132
178+evaluate and approve the minimal technical specifications of body-133 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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185+worn recording equipment that shall be worn by police officers 134
186+pursuant to this section, dashboard cameras that shall be used in each 135
187+police patrol vehicle and digital data storage devices or services that 136
188+shall be used by a law enforcement unit to retain the data from the 137
189+recordings made by such equipment. The commissioner and council 138
190+shall make such minimal technical specifications available to each law 139
191+enforcement unit in a manner determined by the commissioner and 140
192+council. The commissioner and council may revise the minimal 141
193+technical specifications when the commissioner and council determine 142
194+that revisions to such specifications are necessary. 143
195+(c) (1) Each police officer shall use body-worn recording equipment 144
196+while interacting with the public in such sworn member's law 145
197+enforcement capacity, except (A) as provided in subsection (g) of this 146
198+section, [or] (B) in the case of a municipal police department, in 147
199+accordance with the department's policy adopted by the department 148
200+and based on guidelines maintained pursuant to subsection (j) of this 149
201+section, concerning the use of body-worn recording equipment, or (C) 150
202+in accordance with guidelines adopted pursuant to subsection (k) of 151
203+this section. 152
204+(2) Each police officer shall wear body-worn recording equipment 153
205+on such officer's outer-most garment and shall position such 154
206+equipment above the midline of such officer's torso when using such 155
207+equipment. 156
208+(3) Body-worn recording equipment used pursuant to this section 157
209+shall conform to the minimal technical specifications approved 158
210+pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, except that a police officer 159
211+may use body-worn recording equipment that does not conform to the 160
212+minimal technical specifications approved pursuant to subsection (b) 161
213+of this section, if such equipment was purchased prior to January 1, 162
214+2016, by the law enforcement unit employing such officer. 163
215+(4) Each law enforcement unit shall require usage of a dashboard 164
216+camera in each police patrol vehicle used by any police officer 165 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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223+employed by such unit in accordance with the unit's policy adopted by 166
224+the unit and based on guidelines maintained pursuant to subsection (j) 167
225+of this section, concerning dashboard cameras. 168
226+(d) Except as required by state or federal law, no person employed 169
227+by a law enforcement unit shall edit, erase, copy, share or otherwise 170
228+alter or distribute in any manner any recording made by body-worn 171
229+recording equipment or a dashboard camera or the data from such 172
230+recording. 173
231+(e) A police officer may review a recording from his or her body-174
232+worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera in order to assist 175
233+such officer with the preparation of a report or otherwise in the 176
234+performance of his or her duties. 177
235+(f) (1) If a police officer is giving a formal statement about the use of 178
236+force or if a police officer is the subject of a disciplinary investigation in 179
237+which a recording from body-worn recording equipment or a 180
238+dashboard camera is being considered as part of a review of an 181
239+incident, the officer shall have the right to review (A) such recording in 182
240+the presence of the officer's attorney or labor representative, and (B) 183
241+recordings from other body-worn recording equipment capturing the 184
242+officer's image or voice during the incident. Not later than forty-eight 185
243+hours following an officer's review of a recording under subparagraph 186
244+(A) of this subdivision, or if the officer does not review the recording, 187
245+not later than ninety-six hours following the initiation of such 188
246+disciplinary investigation, whichever is earlier, such recording shall be 189
247+disclosed, upon request, to the public, subject to the provisions of 190
248+subsection (g) of this section. 191
249+(2) If a request is made for public disclosure of a recording from 192
250+body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera of an incident 193
251+about which (A) a police officer has not been asked to give a formal 194
252+statement about the alleged use of force, or (B) a disciplinary 195
253+investigation has not been initiated, any police officer whose image or 196
254+voice is captured on the recording shall have the right to review such 197 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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261+recording in the presence of the officer's attorney or labor 198
262+representative. Not later than forty-eight hours following an officer's 199
263+review of a recording under this subdivision, or if the officer does not 200
264+review the recording, not later than ninety-six hours following the 201
265+request for disclosure, whichever is earlier, such recording shall be 202
266+disclosed to the public, subject to the provisions of subsection (g) of 203
267+this section. 204
268+(g) (1) Except as otherwise provided by any agreement between a 205
269+law enforcement unit and the federal government, no police officer 206
270+shall use body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera, if 207
271+applicable, to intentionally record (A) a communication with other law 208
272+enforcement unit personnel, except that which may be recorded as the 209
273+officer performs his or her duties, (B) an encounter with an undercover 210
274+officer or informant or an officer performing detective work described 211
275+in guidelines developed pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, (C) 212
276+when an officer is on break or is otherwise engaged in a personal 213
277+activity, (D) a person undergoing a medical or psychological 214
278+evaluation, procedure or treatment, (E) any person other than a 215
279+suspect to a crime if an officer is wearing such equipment in a hospital 216
280+or other medical facility setting, or (F) in a mental health facility, unless 217
281+responding to a call involving a suspect to a crime who is thought to 218
282+be present in the facility. 219
283+(2) No record created using body-worn recording equipment or a 220
284+dashboard camera of (A) an occurrence or situation described in 221
285+subparagraphs (A) to (F), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of this 222
286+subsection, (B) a scene of an incident that involves (i) a victim of 223
287+domestic or sexual abuse, (ii) a victim of homicide or suicide, or (iii) a 224
288+deceased victim of an accident, if disclosure could reasonably be 225
289+expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy in 226
290+the case of any such victim described in this subparagraph, or (C) a 227
291+minor, shall be subject to disclosure under the Freedom of Information 228
292+Act, as defined in section 1-200, and any such record shall be 229
293+confidential, except that a record of a minor shall be disclosed if (i) the 230 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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300+minor and the parent or guardian of such minor consent to the 231
301+disclosure of such record, (ii) a police officer is the subject of an 232
302+allegation of misconduct made by such minor or the parent or 233
303+guardian of such minor, and the person representing such officer in an 234
304+investigation of such alleged misconduct requests disclosure of such 235
305+record for the sole purpose of preparing a defense to such allegation, 236
306+or (iii) a person is charged with a crime and defense counsel for such 237
307+person requests disclosure of such record for the sole purpose of 238
308+assisting in such person's defense and the discovery of such record as 239
309+evidence is otherwise discoverable. 240
310+(h) No police officer shall use body-worn recording equipment prior 241
311+to being trained in accordance with section 7-294s in the use of such 242
312+equipment and in the retention of data created by such equipment. A 243
313+law enforcement unit shall ensure that each police officer such unit 244
314+employs receives such training at least annually and is trained on the 245
315+proper care and maintenance of such equipment. 246
316+(i) If a police officer is aware that any body-worn recording 247
317+equipment or dashboard camera is lost, damaged or malfunctioning, 248
318+such officer shall inform such officer's supervisor in writing as soon as 249
319+is practicable. Upon receiving such information, the supervisor shall 250
320+ensure that the body-worn recording equipment or dashboard camera 251
321+is inspected and repaired or replaced, as necessary. Each police officer 252
322+shall inspect and test body-worn recording equipment prior to each 253
323+shift to verify proper functioning, and shall notify such officer's 254
324+supervisor of any problems with such equipment. 255
325+(j) The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection 256
326+and the Police Officer Standards and Training Council shall jointly 257
327+maintain guidelines pertaining to the use of body-worn recording 258
328+equipment and dashboard cameras, including the type of detective 259
329+work an officer might engage in that should not be recorded, retention 260
330+of data created by such equipment and dashboard cameras and 261
331+methods for safe and secure storage of such data. The guidelines shall 262
332+not require a law enforcement unit to store such data for a period 263 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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339+longer than one year, except in the case where the unit knows the data 264
340+is pertinent to any ongoing civil, criminal or administrative matter. 265
341+Each law enforcement unit and any police officer and any other 266
342+employee of such unit who may have access to such data shall adhere 267
343+to such guidelines. The commissioner and council may update and 268
344+reissue such guidelines, as the commissioner and council determine 269
345+necessary. The commissioner and council shall, upon issuance of such 270
346+guidelines or any update to such guidelines, submit such guidelines in 271
347+accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a to the joint standing 272
348+committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters 273
349+relating to the judiciary and public safety and security. 274
350+(k) Not later than October 1, 2023, the Commissioner of Emergency 275
351+Services and Public Protection and the Police Officer Standards and 276
352+Training Council shall jointly adopt guidelines regarding the exigent 277
353+circumstances under which a police officer may interact with the 278
354+public without using body-worn recording equipment, such as when 279
355+an officer responds to an incident while off duty or when body-worn 280
356+recording equipment is not available to the officer. The commissioner 281
357+and council may update and reissue such guidelines, as the 282
358+commissioner and council determine necessary. The commissioner and 283
359+council shall, upon issuance of such guidelines or any update to such 284
360+guidelines, submit such guidelines in accordance with the provisions 285
361+of section 11-4a to the joint standing committees of the General 286
362+Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary and 287
363+public safety and security. 288
364+Sec. 3. (Effective from passage) Not later than January 1 2024, the 289
365+Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection and Police 290
366+Officer Standards and Training Council shall report, in accordance 291
367+with the provisions of section 11-4a of the general statutes, to the joint 292
368+standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of 293
369+matters relating to public safety and security, on: 294
370+(1) Whether the council has cancelled or revoked the certification of 295
371+a police officer for conduct that undermines public confidence in law 296 Substitute Bill No. 6840
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378+enforcement pursuant to subparagraph (I) of subdivision (2) of 297
379+subsection (d) of section 7-294d of the general statutes and an 298
380+explanation of the circumstances related to each such cancellation or 299
381+revocation; 300
382+(2) Whether the council has considered but declined to cancel or 301
383+revoke a police officer's certification for such conduct and the 302
384+circumstances related to each such instance; 303
385+(3) Whether the provisions of subparagraph (I) of subdivision (2) of 304
386+subsection (d) of section 7-294d of the general statutes and guidance 305
387+issued pursuant to subsection (g) of said section, provide sufficient 306
388+guidelines to police officers and law enforcement units regarding the 307
389+types of conduct that undermine public confidence in law 308
390+enforcement, and the disciplinary actions that should be taken in 309
391+response to different types of such conduct; and 310
392+(4) Any recommendations for revisions to subparagraph (I) of 311
393+subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of section 7-294d of the general 312
394+statutes or guidance issued pursuant to subsection (g) of said section. 313
395+This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
396+sections:
397+
398+Section 1 January 1, 2024 7-294b
399+Sec. 2 July 1, 2023 29-6d
400+Sec. 3 from passage New section
401+
402+Statement of Legislative Commissioners:
403+Section 1 was rewritten and the effective date changed for consistency
404+with standard drafting conventions; in Section 2, the effective date was
405+changed to "July 1, 2023" for internal consistency; and in Section 2(j)
406+and (k), "public safety" was changed to "public safety and security" for
407+consistency with standard drafting conventions.
408+
409+PS Joint Favorable Subst.
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