CT
Connecticut Senate Bill SB00005

Connecticut 2024 Regular Session

Connecticut Senate Bill SB00005 Compare Versions

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4-Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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6-Public Act No. 24-74
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914 AN ACT CONCERNING SCHOOL RESOURCES.
1015 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
1116 Assembly convened:
1217
13-Section 1. Subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of section 17b-749 of the
14-2024 supplement to the general statutes are repealed and the following
15-is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2024):
16-(a) The Commissioner of Early Childhood shall establish and operate
17-a child care subsidy program to increase the availability, affordability
18-and quality of child care services for families with a parent or caretaker
19-who (1) is (A) working or attending high school, or (B) subject to the
20-provisions of subsection (d) of this section, is enrolled or participating
21-in (i) a public or independent institution of higher education, (ii) a
22-private career school authorized pursuant to sections 10a-22a to 10a-22o,
23-inclusive, (iii) a job training or employment program administered by a
24-regional workforce development board, (iv) an apprenticeship program
25-administered by the Labor Department's office of apprenticeship
26-training, (v) an alternate route to certification program approved by the
27-State Board of Education, (vi) an adult education program pursuant to
28-section 10-69 or other high school equivalency program, or (vii) a local
29-Even Start program or other adult education program approved by the
30-Commissioner of Early Childhood; [or] (2) receives cash assistance
31-under the temporary family assistance program from the Department of Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
18+Section 1. Section 10-76g of the 2024 supplement to the general 1
19+statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof 2
20+(Effective July 1, 2024): 3
21+(a) (1) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1984, and each fiscal year 4
22+thereafter, in any case in which special education is being provided at a 5
23+private residential institution, including the residential components of 6
24+regional educational service centers, to a child for whom no local or 7
25+regional board of education can be found responsible under subsection 8
26+(b) of section 10-76d, the Department of Children and Families shall pay 9
27+the costs of special education to such institution pursuant to its authority 10
28+under sections 17a-1 to 17a-26, inclusive, 17a-28 to 17a-49, inclusive, 17a-11
29+52 and 17a-861. (2) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1993, and each 12
30+fiscal year thereafter, any local or regional board of education which 13
31+provides special education and related services for any child (A) who is 14
32+placed by a public agency, including, but not limited to, offices of a 15
33+government of a federally recognized Native American tribe, in a 16
34+private residential facility or who is placed in a facility or institution 17
35+operated by the Department of Children and Families and who receives 18
36+such special education at a program operated by a regional education 19 Substitute Bill No. 5
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35-Social Services and is participating in an education, training or other job
36-preparation activity approved pursuant to subsection (b) of section 17b-
37-688i or subsection (b) of section 17b-689d; or (3) is the parent or legal
38-guardian of a child who is enrolled in Medicaid. Services available
39-under the child care subsidy program shall include the provision of
40-child care subsidies for children under the age of thirteen or children
41-under the age of nineteen with special needs. The Commissioner of
42-Early Childhood may institute a protective service class in which the
43-commissioner may waive eligibility requirements for at -risk
44-populations that meet the guidelines prescribed by the commissioner,
45-and subject to review by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and
46-Management. Such at-risk populations are children placed in a foster
47-home by the Department of Children and Families and for whom the
48-parent or legal guardian receives foster care payments, adopted children
49-for one year from the date of adoption and homeless children and
50-youths, as defined in 42 USC 11434a, as amended from time to time. The
51-Office of Early Childhood shall open and maintain enrollment for the
52-child care subsidy program and shall administer such program within
53-the existing budgetary resources available. The office shall issue a notice
54-on the office's Internet web site any time the office closes the program to
55-new applications, changes eligibility requirements, changes program
56-benefits or makes any other change to the program's status or terms,
57-except the office shall not be required to issue such notice when the
58-office expands program eligibility. Any change in the office's acceptance
59-of new applications, eligibility requirements, program benefits or any
60-other change to the program's status or terms for which the office is
61-required to give notice pursuant to this subsection, shall not be effective
62-until thirty days after the office issues such notice.
63-(b) The commissioner shall establish income standards for applicants
64-and recipients at a level to include a family with gross income up to fifty
65-per cent of the state-wide median income, except the commissioner: (1)
66-[may] May increase the income level up to the maximum level allowed Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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43+service center or program operated by a local or regional board of 20
44+education, and (B) for whom no local or regional board of education can 21
45+be found responsible under subsection (b) of section 10-76d, shall be 22
46+eligible to receive one hundred per cent of the reasonable costs of special 23
47+education for such child as defined in the regulations of the State Board 24
48+of Education. Any such board eligible for payment shall file with the 25
49+Department of Education, in such manner as prescribed by the 26
50+Commissioner of Education, annually, on or before December first a 27
51+statement of the cost of providing special education for such child, 28
52+provided a board of education may submit, not later than March first, 29
53+claims for additional children or costs not included in the December 30
54+filing. Payment by the state for such costs shall be made to the local or 31
55+regional board of education as follows: Seventy-five per cent of the cost 32
56+in February and the balance in May. 33
57+(b) Any local or regional board of education which provides special 34
58+education pursuant to the provisions of sections 10-76a to 10-76g, 35
59+inclusive, as amended by this act, for any exceptional child described in 36
60+subparagraph (A) of subdivision (5) of section 10-76a, under its 37
61+jurisdiction, excluding (1) children placed by a state agency for whom a 38
62+board of education receives payment pursuant to the provisions of 39
63+subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of section 10-76d, and (2) children who 40
64+require special education, who reside on state-owned or leased 41
65+property, and who are not the educational responsibility of the unified 42
66+school districts established pursuant to sections 17a-37 and 18-99a, shall 43
67+be financially responsible for the reasonable costs of special education 44
68+instruction, as defined in the regulations of the State Board of Education, 45
69+in an amount equal to, for the fiscal year [commencing July 1, 2023] 46
70+ending June 30, 2025, and each fiscal year thereafter, four and one-half 47
71+times the net current expenditures per pupil of such board of education, 48
72+[. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, the] and 49
73+shall be entitled to a grant under this section for any such costs in an 50
74+amount that is the excess of such four and one-half times the net current 51
75+expenditures per pupil of such board of education. The State Board of 52
76+Education shall [, within available appropriations,] pay on a current 53 Substitute Bill No. 5
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70-under federal law, (2) upon the request of the Commissioner of Children
71-and Families, may waive the income standards for adoptive families so
72-that children adopted on or after October 1, 1999, from the Department
73-of Children and Families are eligible for the child care subsidy program,
74-and (3) shall establish a two-tiered income eligibility threshold in
75-accordance with 45 CFR 98.21(b), as amended from time to time. The
76-commissioner may adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to
77-establish income criteria and durational requirements for such waiver
78-of income standards.
79-(c) The commissioner, in consultation with the Commissioner of
80-Social Services, shall establish eligibility and program standards
81-including, but not limited to: (1) A priority intake and eligibility system
82-with preference given to serving (A) recipients of temporary family
83-assistance who are employed or engaged in employment activities
84-under the Department of Social Services' "Jobs First" program, (B)
85-working families whose temporary family assistance was discontinued
86-not more than five years prior to the date of application for the child care
87-subsidy program, (C) teen parents, (D) low-income working families,
88-(E) adoptive families of children who were adopted from the
89-Department of Children and Families and who are granted a waiver of
90-income standards under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section,
91-(F) working families who are at risk of welfare dependency, (G) parents
92-or caretakers participating in an apprenticeship program administered
93-by the Labor Department's office of apprenticeship training, (H) parents
94-or caretakers enrolled in an adult education program pursuant to
95-section 10-69 or other high school equivalency program, (I) parents or
96-caretakers participating in a job training or employment program
97-administered by a regional workforce development board, [and] (J)
98-parents or caretakers enrolled in a public or independent institution of
99-higher education, and (K) parents or legal guardians of children
100-enrolled in Medicaid; (2) health and safety standards for child care
101-providers not required to be licensed; (3) a reimbursement system for Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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105-child care services which account for differences in the age of the child,
106-number of children in the family, the geographic region and type of care
107-provided by licensed and unlicensed caregivers, the cost and type of
108-services provided by licensed and unlicensed caregivers, successful
109-completion of fifteen hours of annual in-service training or credentialing
110-of child care directors and administrators, and program accreditation;
111-(4) supplemental payment for special needs of the child and extended
112-nontraditional hours; (5) an annual rate review process for providers
113-which assures that reimbursement rates are maintained at levels which
114-permit equal access to a variety of child care settings; (6) a sliding
115-reimbursement scale for participating families; (7) an administrative
116-appeals process; (8) an administrative hearing process to adjudicate
117-cases of alleged fraud and abuse and to impose sanctions and recover
118-overpayments; (9) an extended period of program and payment
119-eligibility when a parent who is receiving a child care subsidy
120-experiences a temporary interruption in employment or other approved
121-activity; and (10) a waiting list for the child care subsidy program that
122-(A) allows the commissioner to exercise discretion in prioritizing within
123-and between existing priority groups, including, but not limited to,
124-children described in 45 CFR 98.46, as amended from time to time, and
125-households with an infant or toddler, and (B) reflects the priority and
126-eligibility system set forth in subdivision (1) of this subsection, which is
127-reviewed periodically, with the inclusion of this information in the
128-annual report required to be issued annually by the office to the
129-Governor and the General Assembly in accordance with section 17b-733.
130-Such action will include, but not be limited to, family income, age of
131-child, region of state and length of time on such waiting list.
132-Sec. 2. Subsection (c) of section 10-266aa of the 2024 supplement to
133-the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu
134-thereof (Effective July 1, 2024):
135-(c) The program shall be phased in as provided in this subsection. (1) Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
83+basis any costs in excess of the local or regional board's basic 54
84+contribution paid by such board in accordance with the provisions of 55
85+this subsection. Any amounts paid by the State Board of Education on a 56
86+current basis pursuant to this subsection shall not be reimbursable in the 57
87+subsequent year. Application for such grant shall be made by filing with 58
88+the Department of Education, in such manner as prescribed by the 59
89+commissioner, annually on or before December first a statement of the 60
90+cost of providing special education pursuant to this subsection, 61
91+provided a board of education may submit, not later than March first, 62
92+claims for additional children or costs not included in the December 63
93+filing. Payment by the state for such excess costs shall be made to the 64
94+local or regional board of education as follows: Seventy-five per cent of 65
95+the cost in February and the balance in May. The amount due each town 66
96+pursuant to the provisions of this subsection shall be paid to the 67
97+treasurer of each town entitled to such aid, provided the treasurer shall 68
98+treat such grant, or a portion of the grant, which relates to special 69
99+education expenditures incurred in excess of such town's board of 70
100+education budgeted estimate of such expenditures, as a reduction in 71
101+expenditures by crediting such expenditure account, rather than town 72
102+revenue. Such expenditure account shall be so credited no later than 73
103+thirty days after receipt by the treasurer of necessary documentation 74
104+from the board of education indicating the amount of such special 75
105+education expenditures incurred in excess of such town's board of 76
106+education budgeted estimate of such expenditures. 77
107+(c) Commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1996, and for 78
108+each fiscal year thereafter, within available appropriations, each town 79
109+whose ratio of (1) net costs of special education, as defined in subsection 80
110+(h) of section 10-76f, for the fiscal year prior to the year in which the 81
111+grant is to be paid to (2) the product of its total need students, as defined 82
112+in section 10-262f, and the average regular program expenditures, as 83
113+defined in section 10-262f, per need student for all towns for such year 84
114+exceeds the state-wide average for all such ratios shall be eligible to 85
115+receive a supplemental special education grant. Such grant shall be 86
116+equal to the product of a town's eligible excess costs and the town's base 87 Substitute Bill No. 5
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139-For the school year commencing in 1998, and for each school year
140-thereafter, the program shall be in operation in the Hartford, New
141-Haven and Bridgeport regions. The Hartford program shall operate as
142-a continuation of the program described in section 10-266j. Students
143-who reside in Hartford, New Haven or Bridgeport may attend school in
144-another school district in the region and students who reside in such
145-other school districts may attend school in Hartford, New Haven or
146-Bridgeport, provided, beginning with the 2001-2002 school year, the
147-proportion of students who are not minority students to the total
148-number of students leaving Hartford, Bridgeport or New Haven to
149-participate in the program shall not be greater than the proportion of
150-students who were not minority students in the prior school year to the
151-total number of students enrolled in Hartford, Bridgeport or New
152-Haven in the prior school year. The regional educational service center
153-operating the program shall make program participation decisions in
154-accordance with the requirements of this subdivision. (2) For the school
155-year commencing in 2000, and for each school year thereafter, the
156-program shall be in operation in New London, provided beginning with
157-the 2001-2002 school year, the proportion of students who are not
158-minority students to the total number of students leaving New London
159-to participate in the program shall not be greater than the proportion of
160-students who were not minority students in the prior year to the total
161-number of students enrolled in New London in the prior school year.
162-The regional educational service center operating the program shall
163-make program participation decisions in accordance with this
164-subdivision. (3) The Department of Education may provide, within
165-available appropriations, grants for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2003,
166-to the remaining regional educational service centers to assist school
167-districts in planning for a voluntary program of student enrollment in
168-every priority school district, pursuant to section 10-266p, which is
169-interested in participating in accordance with this subdivision. For the
170-school year commencing in 2003, and for each school year thereafter, the
171-voluntary enrollment program may be in operation in every priority Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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123+aid ratio, as defined in section 10-262f, provided each town's grant shall 88
124+be adjusted proportionately if necessary to stay within the 89
125+appropriation. Payment pursuant to this subsection shall be made in 90
126+June. For purposes of this subsection, a town's eligible excess costs are 91
127+the difference between its net costs of special education and the amount 92
128+the town would have expended if it spent at the state-wide average rate. 93
129+[(d) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, for the 94
130+fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, and each fiscal year thereafter, if the 95
131+total of the amount of the grants payable to local or regional boards of 96
132+education in accordance with (1) subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of this 97
133+section, except grants paid in accordance with subdivision (2) of 98
134+subsection (a) of this section, (2) subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of 99
135+section 10-76d, and (3) subsection (b) of section 10-253, in any fiscal year 100
136+exceeds the amount appropriated for the purposes of the grants 101
137+described in subdivisions (1) to (3), inclusive, of this subsection for such 102
138+fiscal year, then each town shall be ranked in descending order from one 103
139+to one hundred sixty-nine according to such town's adjusted equalized 104
140+net grand list per capita, as defined in section 10-261, and the state board 105
141+shall pay such grant to the local or regional board of education for a 106
142+town as follows: (A) For any town ranked one hundred fifteen to one 107
143+hundred sixty-nine, inclusive, ninety-one per cent of the amount of such 108
144+town's eligible excess costs, (B) for any town ranked fifty-nine to one 109
145+hundred fourteen, inclusive, eighty-eight per cent of the amount of such 110
146+town's eligible excess costs, and (C) for any town ranked one to fifty-111
147+eight, inclusive, eighty-five per cent of the amount of such town's 112
148+eligible excess costs. In the case of a regional board of education, such 113
149+ranking shall be determined by (i) multiplying the total population, as 114
150+defined in section 10-261, of each town in the regional school district by 115
151+such town's ranking, as determined in this subsection, (ii) adding 116
152+together the figures determined under clause (i) of this subparagraph, 117
153+and (iii) dividing the total computed under clause (ii) of this 118
154+subparagraph by the total population of all towns in the district. The 119
155+ranking of each regional board of education shall be rounded to the next 120
156+higher whole number. If the total amount of the grants payable to local 121 Substitute Bill No. 5
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175-school district in the state. Students from other school districts in the
176-area of a priority school district, as determined by the regional
177-educational service center pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, may
178-attend school in the priority school district, provided such students
179-bring racial, ethnic and economic diversity to the priority school district
180-and do not increase the racial, ethnic and economic isolation in the
181-priority school district. (4) For the school year commencing July 1, [2022]
182-2024, and each school year thereafter, there shall be a pilot program in
183-operation in Danbury and Norwalk. The pilot program shall serve (A)
184-up to fifty students who reside in Danbury, and such students may
185-attend school in the school districts for the towns of New Fairfield,
186-Brookfield, Bethel, Ridgefield and Redding, and (B) up to fifty students
187-who (i) reside in Norwalk, and such students may attend school in the
188-school districts for the towns of Darien, New Canaan, Wilton, Weston
189-and Westport, and (ii) reside in Darien, New Canaan, Wilton, Weston
190-and Westport, and such students may attend school in the school district
191-for the town of Norwalk. School districts which receive students [from
192-Danbury and Norwalk] under this subdivision as part of the pilot
193-program [during the school year commencing July 1, 2022,] shall allow
194-such students to attend school in the district until they graduate from
195-high school. (5) For the school year commencing July 1, 2022, and each
196-school year thereafter, the town of Guilford shall be eligible to
197-participate in the program as a receiving district and a sending district
198-with New Haven.
199-Sec. 3. Subdivision (3) of subsection (g) of section 10-266aa of the 2024
200-supplement to the general statutes is repealed and the following is
201-substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2024):
202-(3) [(A) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, the department shall
203-provide a grant to the local or regional board of education for each
204-receiving district described in subdivision (4) of subsection (c) of this
205-section in an amount of four thousand dollars for each out-of-district Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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209-student who resides in Danbury or Norwalk and attends school in the
210-receiving district under the pilot program.]
211-[(B)] (A) For the fiscal year ending June 30, [2024] 2025, and each fiscal
212-year thereafter, the department shall provide an annual grant to the
213-local or regional board of education for each receiving district described
214-in subdivision (4) of subsection (c) of this section for each out-of-district
215-student who [resides in Danbury or Norwalk and] attends school in the
216-receiving district under the pilot program in accordance with the
217-provisions of subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection.
218-[(C)] (B) Not later than January 1, 2025, the department shall submit
219-a report on the pilot program in operation in Danbury and Norwalk,
220-pursuant to subdivision (4) of subsection (c) of this section, to the joint
221-standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of
222-matters relating to education and appropriations, in accordance with the
223-provisions of section 11-4a. Such report shall include, but need not be
224-limited to, the total number of students participating in the pilot
225-program, the number of students from each town participating in the
226-pilot program, the total amount of the grant paid under the pilot
227-program and the amount of the grant paid to each town participating in
228-the pilot program.
229-Sec. 4. (Effective July 1, 2024) Not later than January 1, 2026, the
230-Commissioner of Social Services and the Commissioner of Early
231-Childhood shall enter into a memorandum of understanding for the
232-purpose of sharing, to the extent permissible under federal law,
233-Medicaid enrollment data between the Department of Social Services
234-and the Office of Early Childhood for individuals enrolled in Medicaid
235-and seeking enrollment in the child care subsidy program established
236-pursuant to section 17b-749 of the general statutes, as amended by this
237-act. Such Medicaid enrollment data shall be used by the Office of Early
238-Childhood for the limited purpose of assisting such individuals in the
239-application process for the child care subsidy program by minimizing Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
163+and regional boards of education calculated under subparagraphs (A) 122
164+to (C), inclusive, of this subsection in any fiscal year exceeds the total 123
165+amount appropriated for the grants described in subdivisions (1) to (3), 124
166+inclusive, of this subsection for such fiscal year, the amount of the grants 125
167+payable under this subsection shall be reduced proportionately. 126
168+(e) (1) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, and each fiscal year 127
169+thereafter, if the total amount appropriated in any fiscal year for the 128
170+grants described in subdivisions (1) to (3), inclusive, of subsection (d) of 129
171+this section exceeds the total of the amount of the grants payable to local 130
172+and regional boards of education under subsection (d) of this section, 131
173+for such fiscal year, such excess amount shall be distributed to each local 132
174+and regional board of education as follows: 133
175+(A) Subtract the sum of all grants paid to local and regional boards of 134
176+education in such fiscal year under subsection (d) of this section from 135
177+the sum of all grants calculated under subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of 136
178+this section, subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of section 10-76d and 137
179+subsection (b) of section 10-253; 138
180+(B) Subtract the sum of all grants paid to local and regional boards of 139
181+education in such fiscal year under subsections (a) to (d), inclusive, of 140
182+this section from the total amount appropriated in such fiscal year for 141
183+all grants under this section; 142
184+(C) Divide the amount calculated under subparagraph (B) of this 143
185+subdivision by the amount calculated under subparagraph (A) of this 144
186+subdivision; and 145
187+(D) To determine the amount of such excess to be distributed to each 146
188+local and regional board of education, multiply the amount calculated 147
189+under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision that is attributable to such 148
190+local or regional board of education by the per cent calculated under 149
191+subparagraph (C) of this subdivision. 150
192+(2) Any grants paid in accordance with subdivision (2) of subsection 151
193+(a) of this section shall be excluded from the calculations described in 152 Substitute Bill No. 5
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243-the amount of information that such individuals are required to submit
244-to the Office of Early Childhood during such application process.
245-Sec. 5. Section 6 of public act 23-167 is repealed and the following is
246-substituted in lieu there (Effective July 1, 2024):
247-(a) For the fiscal years ending June 30, [2024] 2025, to June 30, [2026]
248-2027, inclusive, the Department of Education shall administer a
249-wholesome school meals pilot program that awards a grant to an
250-alliance district, as defined in section 10-262u of the general statutes, as
251-amended by [this act] public act 23-167, for the purpose of embedding a
252-professional chef in such alliance district to assist school meal programs
253-in building the capacity of food service staff, improving school meal
254-quality, increasing diner satisfaction, streamlining operations and
255-establishing a financially viable school meal program. [The department
256-shall partner with an organization that specializes in the placement of
257-chefs for the purposes described in this subsection.]
258-(b) [Not later than October 1, 2023, a] A local or regional board of
259-education for a town designated as an alliance district may apply to the
260-department, in a form and manner prescribed by the department, for a
261-grant under this section.
262-(c) The department shall review each application submitted under
263-subsection (b) of this section and award up to five grants under this
264-section. Each grant recipient shall receive an annual grant of one
265-hundred fifty thousand dollars in each year of the pilot program. Such
266-grant shall be expended for the purposes described in subsection (a) of
267-this section.
268-(d) Not later than January 1, [2027] 2028, the department shall submit
269-a report on the wholesome school meals pilot program to the joint
270-standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of
271-matters relating to education and appropriations, in accordance with the Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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200+subdivision (1) of this subsection.] 153
201+Sec. 2. (Effective July 1, 2024) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, 154
202+the Department of Education shall select and utilize an existing artificial 155
203+intelligence tool that can be used by educators and students for 156
204+classroom instruction and student learning. Such artificial intelligence 157
205+tool shall comply with the laws governing the use of artificial 158
206+intelligence and the protection of student data and privacy, including, 159
207+but not limited to, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 160
208+1974, 20 USC 1232g, as amended from time to time, and sections 10-161
209+234aa to 10-234gg, inclusive, of the general statutes. Not later than July 162
210+1, 2025, the department shall make such tool available for use by local 163
211+and regional boards of education. As used in this section, "artificial 164
212+intelligence" means any technology, including, but not limited to, 165
213+machine learning that uses data to train an algorithm or predictive 166
214+model for the purpose of enabling a computer system or service to 167
215+autonomously perform any task, including, but not limited to, visual 168
216+perception, language processing or speech recognition, that is normally 169
217+associated with human intelligence or perception. 170
218+Sec. 3. (NEW) (Effective July 1, 2024) Not later than January 1, 2025, 171
219+the Department of Education shall, in consultation with the Connecticut 172
220+Commission for Education Technology, develop a professional learning 173
221+program for educators and students on how to properly and safely 174
222+utilize artificial intelligence as part of instruction in the classroom. Such 175
223+professional learning program shall include, but need not be limited to, 176
224+(1) how artificial intelligence can benefit (A) educators in lesson 177
225+planning and development and classroom instruction, and (B) students 178
226+in learning, academic achievement and workforce development, and (2) 179
227+the laws governing the use of artificial intelligence and the protection of 180
228+student data and privacy, including, but not limited to, the Family 181
229+Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 USC 1232g, as amended 182
230+from time to time, and sections 10-234aa to 10-234gg, inclusive, of the 183
231+general statutes. As used in this section, "artificial intelligence" means 184
232+any technology, including, but not limited to, machine learning that 185 Substitute Bill No. 5
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275-provisions of section 11-4a of the general statutes.
276-Sec. 6. Section 370 of public act 22-118, as amended by section 42 of
277-public act 23-167, is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu
278-thereof (Effective from passage):
279-(a) There is established a working group to study and make
280-recommendations related to indoor air quality within school buildings.
281-Such recommendations shall include, but need not be limited to:
282-(1) The optimal humidity and temperature ranges to ensure healthy
283-air and promote student learning;
284-(2) Threshold school air quality emergency conditions warranting
285-temporary school closures based on the presence of insufficient heat, an
286-excessive combination of indoor temperature and humidity levels, or
287-some other thresholds;
288-(3) Criteria for rating the priority of heating, ventilation and air
289-conditioning repair and remediation needs, including the public health
290-condition and needs of the students attending a school;
291-(4) Optimal heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
292-performance benchmarks for minimizing the spread of infectious
293-disease;
294-(5) Protocols to be used by school districts to receive, investigate and
295-address complaints or evidence of mold, pest infestation, hazardous
296-odors or chemicals and poor indoor air-quality;
297-(6) The frequency with which local and regional boards of education
298-should be providing for a uniform inspection and evaluation program
299-of the indoor air quality within school buildings, such as the
300-Environmental Protection Agency's Indoor Air Quality Tools for
301-Schools Program, and whether such program should be provided for at Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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305-all schools or only at those constructed before or after a certain date;
306-(7) Best practices and guidance for (A) the proper maintenance of
307-heating, ventilation and air conditions systems in school buildings,
308-including the frequency and scope of such maintenance, (B) conducting
309-the uniform inspection and evaluation of such systems pursuant to
310-subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of section 10-220 of the general statutes,
311-as amended by this act, including (i) the addition of appropriate
312-professionals who may perform such uniform inspection and
313-evaluation, (ii) which professionals may perform certain portions of
314-such uniform inspection and evaluation, and (iii) the timing and manner
315-of how such uniform inspection and evaluation may be performed, and
316-(C) the procurement of services for such uniform inspection and
317-evaluation;
318-(8) A system of equitable distribution of funds, based on need, under
319-the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system grant program
320-pursuant to section 10-265r of the general statutes, as amended by this
321-act;
322-(9) Ways to make the reports and results of the uniform inspections
323-and evaluations of the indoor air quality and heating, ventilation and
324-air conditioning systems of school buildings, conducted pursuant to
325-section 10-220 of the general statutes, as amended by this act, as
326-amended by public act 22-118 and this act, accessible and searchable;
327-(10) A model request for proposals that local and regional boards of
328-education may use when procuring services for the uniform inspection
329-and evaluation of such systems pursuant to subdivision (3) of
330-subsection (d) of section 10-220 of the general statutes, as amended by
331-this act;
332-[(10)] (11) Any other criteria affecting school indoor air quality; and
333-[(11)] (12) Proposals for legislation to carry out any of the Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
239+uses data to train an algorithm or predictive model for the purpose of 186
240+enabling a computer system or service to autonomously perform any 187
241+task, including, but not limited to, visual perception, language 188
242+processing or speech recognition, that is normally associated with 189
243+human intelligence or perception. 190
244+Sec. 4. (NEW) (Effective from passage) (a) For the fiscal year ending June 191
245+30, 2025, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Department of Emergency 192
246+Services and Public Protection shall, within available appropriations, 193
247+administer a program to provide grants to local and regional boards of 194
248+education for services to provide school mapping data that meets the 195
249+requirements described in subsection (b) of this section. 196
250+(b) A local or regional board of education may apply for a grant for 197
251+services to provide school mapping data for one or more schools under 198
252+the jurisdiction of such board, provided such school mapping data: 199
253+(1) Is compatible with software platforms used by local, state and 200
254+federal public safety agencies that provide emergency services to the 201
255+specific school for which the data is provided without requiring such 202
256+agencies to purchase additional software or requiring a fee to view or 203
257+access the data; 204
258+(2) Is compatible with security software platforms in use by the 205
259+specific school for which the data is provided without requiring the local 206
260+law enforcement agencies or board of education to purchase additional 207
261+software or requiring a fee to view or access the data; 208
262+(3) Is in a printable format and, if requested, in a digital file format 209
263+that can be integrated into interactive mobile platforms in use; 210
264+(4) Is verified for accuracy by the entity producing the data by 211
265+conducting a walk-through of the school buildings and grounds being 212
266+mapped; 213
267+(5) Is oriented true north; 214 Substitute Bill No. 5
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337-recommendations of the working group.
338-(b) The working group shall consist of the following members:
339-(1) Three appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, one
340-of whom is a representative of ConnectiCOSH, one of whom is a
341-representative of the [Associated Sheet Metal and Roofing Contractors
342-of Connecticut] Connecticut Chapter of the Sheet Metal and Air
343-Conditioning Contractors' National Association, and one of whom is a
344-member of the Senate;
345-(2) Three appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives,
346-one of whom is a specialist in the field of children's health, one of whom
347-is a representative of the Connecticut State Building Trades Council, and
348-one of whom is a member of the House of Representatives;
349-(3) [Two] Three appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, one
350-of whom is a representative of the American Federation of Teachers-
351-Connecticut, [and] one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut
352-Association of Public School Superintendents and one of whom is a
353-school building official with experience in operations and finance,
354-infrastructure renewal and project management;
355-(4) [Two] Three appointed by the majority leader of the House of
356-Representatives, one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut
357-Education Association, [and] one of whom is a representative of the
358-Connecticut Association of Boards of Education and one of whom is a
359-representative of the Capitol Region Council of Governments;
360-(5) Two appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, one of whom
361-is a specialist in the field of medicine on respiratory health and one of
362-whom is a representative of the Council of Small Towns;
363-(6) Two appointed by the minority leader of the House, one of whom
364-is an industrial hygienist from The University of Connecticut Health Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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274+(6) Includes accurate floor plans overlaid on current, verified aerial 215
275+imagery of the school campus; 216
276+(7) Contains site-specific labels that match the structure of school 217
277+buildings, including room labels, hallway names, external door or 218
278+stairwell numbers and the location of hazards, critical utility locations, 219
279+key boxes, automated external defibrillators and trauma kits; 220
280+(8) Contains site-specific labels that match the school grounds, 221
281+including parking areas, athletic fields, surrounding roads and 222
282+neighboring properties; 223
283+(9) Is overlaid with gridded "x" and "y" coordinates; 224
284+(10) Cannot be modified or updated independently without 225
285+corresponding updates to school mapping data within software 226
286+platforms used by local, state and federal public safety agencies that 227
287+provide emergency services to the specific school; and 228
288+(11) Will be provided to the board of education and appropriate 229
289+public safety agencies at no cost beyond the initial cost of producing 230
290+such mapping data, and shall be available to such board and agencies 231
291+permanently. 232
292+(c) Not later than October 1, 2024, the department shall develop 233
293+eligibility criteria, application forms and deadlines for such program 234
294+and post in a conspicuous location on the department's Internet web site 235
295+a description of the grant program that includes, but is not limited to, 236
296+such criteria, forms and deadlines. 237
297+(d) Not later than January 1, 2026, and annually thereafter, the 238
298+department shall submit a report, in accordance with the provisions of 239
299+section 11-4a of the general statutes, to the joint standing committees of 240
300+the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to public 241
301+safety and security and education. Such report shall include information 242
302+for the preceding calendar year on the number of applications for grants 243
303+that were received, the number of grants that were awarded and a list 244 Substitute Bill No. 5
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368-Center and one of whom is a representative of the Mechanical
369-Contractors Association of Connecticut;
370-(7) Two appointed by the Governor, one of whom is a school nurse
371-and one of whom is a representative of the Connecticut Conference of
372-Municipalities;
373-(8) The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the
374-Secretary's designee;
375-(9) The Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee;
376-(10) The Commissioner of Administrative Services, or the
377-commissioner's designee;
378-(11) The Labor Commissioner, or the commissioner's designee;
379-(12) The Commissioner of Public Health, or the commissioner's
380-designee;
381-(13) The Commissioner of Consumer Protection, or the
382-commissioner's designee; and
383-(14) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or
384-the commissioner's designee.
385-(c) All appointments to the working group shall be made not later
386-than sixty days after the effective date of this section. Any vacancy shall
387-be filled by the appointing authority.
388-(d) The member of the Senate appointed by the president pro
389-tempore of the Senate pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of
390-this section and the member of the House of Representatives appointed
391-by the speaker of the House of Representatives pursuant to subdivision
392-(2) of subsection (b) of this section shall serve as the chairpersons of the
393-working group. Such chairpersons shall schedule the first meeting of the Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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397-working group, which shall be held not later than sixty days after the
398-effective date of this section.
399-(e) (1) Not later than [July 1, 2024] January 1, 2025, and annually
400-thereafter until January 1, 2030, the working group shall submit [a] an
401-interim report on its findings and recommendations to the Governor
402-and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having
403-cognizance of matters relating to education, labor and public health, in
404-accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a of the general statutes.
405-(2) Not later than January 1, 2031, the working group shall submit a
406-final report on its findings and recommendations to the Governor and
407-the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having
408-cognizance of matters relating to education, labor and public health, in
409-accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a of the general statutes.
410-(3) The working group shall terminate on July 1, [2024] 2030, or on
411-the submission of the final report, whichever is later.
412-Sec. 7. Subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of section 10-220 of the 2024
413-supplement to the general statutes is repealed and the following is
414-substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2024):
415-(3) [Prior to January 1, 2025, and every five years thereafter, a] (A) For
416-the period commencing July 1, 2026, and ending and including June 30,
417-2031, each local or regional board of education shall provide for a
418-uniform inspection and evaluation of the heating, ventilation and air
419-conditioning system within each school building under its jurisdiction.
420-During such period, the board shall provide such inspection for at least
421-twenty per cent of the schools under its jurisdiction in each year until
422-each such school has been inspected. Each such school shall be so
423-inspected every five years thereafter. The Department of Administrative
424-Services may, upon request of a local or regional board of education,
425-grant a waiver of the provisions of this subparagraph if the department Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
310+of the schools that received services for school mapping data pursuant 245
311+to such grants. 246
312+Sec. 5. (Effective July 1, 2024) For the school year commencing July 1, 247
313+2024, the Department of Education, in collaboration with the regional 248
314+educational service centers, shall implement a pilot program to provide 249
315+fifty schools in the state with a curriculum designed for students in 250
316+grades six to twelve, inclusive, that explores the impact of social media 251
317+through science, technology, engineering and mathematics for the 252
318+purpose of positively impacting student relationships and school 253
319+climate, as defined in section 10-222aa of the general statutes. The 254
320+department may accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind 255
321+donations, designated for the implementation of the pilot program 256
322+under this section. 257
323+Sec. 6. Subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of section 17b-749 of the 2024 258
324+supplement to the general statutes are repealed and the following is 259
325+substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2024): 260
326+(a) The Commissioner of Early Childhood shall establish and operate 261
327+a child care subsidy program to increase the availability, affordability 262
328+and quality of child care services for families with a parent or caretaker 263
329+who (1) is (A) working or attending high school, or (B) subject to the 264
330+provisions of subsection (d) of this section, is enrolled or participating 265
331+in (i) a public or independent institution of higher education, (ii) a 266
332+private career school authorized pursuant to sections 10a-22a to 10a-22o, 267
333+inclusive, (iii) a job training or employment program administered by a 268
334+regional workforce development board, (iv) an apprenticeship program 269
335+administered by the Labor Department's office of apprenticeship 270
336+training, (v) an alternate route to certification program approved by the 271
337+State Board of Education, (vi) an adult education program pursuant to 272
338+section 10-69 or other high school equivalency program, or (vii) a local 273
339+Even Start program or other adult education program approved by the 274
340+Commissioner of Early Childhood; [or] (2) receives cash assistance 275
341+under the temporary family assistance program from the Department of 276
342+Social Services and is participating in an education, training or other job 277 Substitute Bill No. 5
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429-finds that (i) there is an insufficient number of certified testing, adjusting
430-and balancing technicians, industrial hygienists certified by the
431-American Board of Industrial Hygiene or the Board for Global EHS
432-Credentialing, or mechanical engineers to perform such inspection and
433-evaluation, or (ii) such board has scheduled such inspection and
434-evaluation for a date in the subsequent year. Such waiver shall be valid
435-for a period not to exceed one year.
436-(B) Such inspection and evaluation shall be performed by a certified
437-testing, adjusting and balancing technician, an industrial hygienist
438-certified by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene or the Board for
439-Global EHS Credentialing, or a mechanical engineer. Such heating,
440-ventilation and air conditioning systems inspection and evaluation shall
441-include, but need not be limited to: [(A)] (i) Testing for maximum filter
442-efficiency, [(B)] (ii) physical measurements of outside air delivery rate,
443-[(C)] (iii) verification of the appropriate condition and operation of
444-ventilation components, [(D)] (iv) measurement of air distribution
445-through all system inlets and outlets, [(E)] (v) verification of unit
446-operation and that required maintenance has been performed in
447-accordance with the most recent indoor ventilation standards
448-promulgated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
449-Air-Conditioning Engineers, [(F)] (vi) verification of control sequences,
450-[(G)] (vii) verification of carbon dioxide sensors and acceptable carbon
451-dioxide concentrations indoors, and [(H)] (viii) collection of field data
452-for the installation of mechanical ventilation if none exist. The
453-ventilation systems inspection and evaluation shall identify to what
454-extent each school's current ventilation system components, including
455-any existing central or noncentral mechanical ventilation system, are
456-operating in such a manner as to provide appropriate ventilation to the
457-school building in accordance with most recent indoor ventilation
458-standards promulgated by the American Society of Heating,
459-Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. The inspection and
460-evaluation shall result in a written report, and such report shall include Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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349+preparation activity approved pursuant to subsection (b) of section 17b-278
350+688i or subsection (b) of section 17b-689d; or (3) is the parent or legal 279
351+guardian of a child who is enrolled in Medicaid. Services available 280
352+under the child care subsidy program shall include the provision of 281
353+child care subsidies for children under the age of thirteen or children 282
354+under the age of nineteen with special needs. The Commissioner of 283
355+Early Childhood may institute a protective service class in which the 284
356+commissioner may waive eligibility requirements for at-risk 285
357+populations that meet the guidelines prescribed by the commissioner, 286
358+and subject to review by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and 287
359+Management. Such at-risk populations are children placed in a foster 288
360+home by the Department of Children and Families and for whom the 289
361+parent or legal guardian receives foster care payments, adopted children 290
362+for one year from the date of adoption and homeless children and 291
363+youths, as defined in 42 USC 11434a, as amended from time to time. The 292
364+Office of Early Childhood shall open and maintain enrollment for the 293
365+child care subsidy program and shall administer such program within 294
366+the existing budgetary resources available. The office shall issue a notice 295
367+on the office's Internet web site any time the office closes the program to 296
368+new applications, changes eligibility requirements, changes program 297
369+benefits or makes any other change to the program's status or terms, 298
370+except the office shall not be required to issue such notice when the 299
371+office expands program eligibility. Any change in the office's acceptance 300
372+of new applications, eligibility requirements, program benefits or any 301
373+other change to the program's status or terms for which the office is 302
374+required to give notice pursuant to this subsection, shall not be effective 303
375+until thirty days after the office issues such notice. 304
376+(b) The commissioner shall establish income standards for applicants 305
377+and recipients at a level to include a family with gross income up to fifty 306
378+per cent of the state-wide median income, except the commissioner: (1) 307
379+[may] May increase the income level up to the maximum level allowed 308
380+under federal law, (2) upon the request of the Commissioner of Children 309
381+and Families, may waive the income standards for adoptive families so 310
382+that children adopted on or after October 1, 1999, from the Department 311 Substitute Bill No. 5
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464-any corrective actions necessary to be performed to the mechanical
465-ventilation system or the heating, ventilation and air conditioning
466-infrastructure, including installation of filters meeting the most optimal
467-level of filtration available for a given heating, ventilation and air
468-conditioning system, installation of carbon dioxide sensors and
469-additional maintenance, repairs, upgrades or replacement. Any such
470-corrective actions shall be performed, where appropriate, by a
471-contractor, who is licensed in accordance with chapter 393. Any local or
472-regional board of education conducting an inspection and evaluations
473-pursuant to this subsection shall [(i)] (I) make available for public
474-inspection the results of such inspection and evaluation at a regularly
475-scheduled meeting of such board and on the Internet web site of such
476-board and on the Internet web site, if any, of each individual school, and
477-[(ii)] (II) submit the report and results of such inspection and evaluation
478-to the Department of Administrative Services using the form developed
479-pursuant to section 10-231h. A local or regional board of education shall
480-not be required to provide for a uniform inspection and evaluation
481-under this subdivision for any school building that will cease to be used
482-as a school building within the three years from when such inspection
483-and evaluation is to be performed. Any local or regional board of
484-education that has provided for an inspection that was performed in a
485-different format, but is deemed equivalent by the department, may use
486-such inspection in lieu of a uniform inspection and evaluation under this
487-subdivision. [The Department of Administrative Services may, upon
488-request of a local or regional board of education, grant a waiver of the
489-January 1, 2025, deadline for the provision of a uniform inspection and
490-evaluation under this subdivision if the department finds that (I) there
491-is an insufficient number of certified testing, adjusting and balancing
492-technicians, industrial hygienists certified by the American Board of
493-Industrial Hygiene or the Board for Global EHS Credentialing or
494-mechanical engineers to perform such inspection and evaluation, or (II)
495-such board has scheduled such inspection and evaluation for a date after
496-January 1, 2025. Such waiver shall be valid for one year.] Substitute Senate Bill No. 5
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500-Sec. 8. Subdivision (3) of subsection (b) of section 10-265r of the 2024
501-supplement to the general statutes is repealed and the following is
502-substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2024):
503-(3) The commissioner shall not award a grant under the program to
504-any applicant that, on or after July 1, [2024] 2026, has not certified
505-compliance with the uniform inspection and evaluation of an existing
506-heating, ventilation and air conditioning system pursuant to subsection
507-(d) of section 10-220, as amended by this act.
389+of Children and Families are eligible for the child care subsidy program, 312
390+and (3) shall establish a two-tiered income eligibility threshold in 313
391+accordance with 45 CFR 98.21(b), as amended from time to time. The 314
392+commissioner may adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to 315
393+establish income criteria and durational requirements for such waiver 316
394+of income standards. 317
395+(c) The commissioner, in consultation with the Commissioner of 318
396+Social Services, shall establish eligibility and program standards 319
397+including, but not limited to: (1) A priority intake and eligibility system 320
398+with preference given to serving (A) recipients of temporary family 321
399+assistance who are employed or engaged in employment activities 322
400+under the Department of Social Services' "Jobs First" program, (B) 323
401+working families whose temporary family assistance was discontinued 324
402+not more than five years prior to the date of application for the child care 325
403+subsidy program, (C) teen parents, (D) low-income working families, 326
404+(E) adoptive families of children who were adopted from the 327
405+Department of Children and Families and who are granted a waiver of 328
406+income standards under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section, 329
407+(F) working families who are at risk of welfare dependency, (G) parents 330
408+or caretakers participating in an apprenticeship program administered 331
409+by the Labor Department's office of apprenticeship training, (H) parents 332
410+or caretakers enrolled in an adult education program pursuant to 333
411+section 10-69 or other high school equivalency program, (I) parents or 334
412+caretakers participating in a job training or employment program 335
413+administered by a regional workforce development board, [and] (J) 336
414+parents or caretakers enrolled in a public or independent institution of 337
415+higher education, and (K) parents or legal guardians of children 338
416+enrolled in Medicaid; (2) health and safety standards for child care 339
417+providers not required to be licensed; (3) a reimbursement system for 340
418+child care services which account for differences in the age of the child, 341
419+number of children in the family, the geographic region and type of care 342
420+provided by licensed and unlicensed caregivers, the cost and type of 343
421+services provided by licensed and unlicensed caregivers, successful 344
422+completion of fifteen hours of annual in-service training or credentialing 345 Substitute Bill No. 5
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429+of child care directors and administrators, and program accreditation; 346
430+(4) supplemental payment for special needs of the child and extended 347
431+nontraditional hours; (5) an annual rate review process for providers 348
432+which assures that reimbursement rates are maintained at levels which 349
433+permit equal access to a variety of child care settings; (6) a sliding 350
434+reimbursement scale for participating families; (7) an administrative 351
435+appeals process; (8) an administrative hearing process to adjudicate 352
436+cases of alleged fraud and abuse and to impose sanctions and recover 353
437+overpayments; (9) an extended period of program and payment 354
438+eligibility when a parent who is receiving a child care subsidy 355
439+experiences a temporary interruption in employment or other approved 356
440+activity; and (10) a waiting list for the child care subsidy program that 357
441+(A) allows the commissioner to exercise discretion in prioritizing within 358
442+and between existing priority groups, including, but not limited to, 359
443+children described in 45 CFR 98.46, as amended from time to time, and 360
444+households with an infant or toddler, and (B) reflects the priority and 361
445+eligibility system set forth in subdivision (1) of this subsection, which is 362
446+reviewed periodically, with the inclusion of this information in the 363
447+annual report required to be issued annually by the office to the 364
448+Governor and the General Assembly in accordance with section 17b-733. 365
449+Such action will include, but not be limited to, family income, age of 366
450+child, region of state and length of time on such waiting list. 367
451+Sec. 7. Section 10-231e of the general statutes is repealed and the 368
452+following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2024): 369
453+(a) For purposes of this section "Standard 62" means the American 370
454+Society of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineers 371
455+Standard 62 entitled "Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality", as 372
456+referenced by the State Building Code adopted under section 29-252. 373
457+(b) Each local or regional board of education shall ensure that its 374
458+heating, ventilation and air conditioning system is (1) maintained and 375
459+operated in accordance with the prevailing maintenance standards, 376
460+such as Standard 62, at the time of installation or renovation of such 377
461+system, and (2) operated continuously during the hours in which 378 Substitute Bill No. 5
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468+students or school personnel occupy school facilities, except (A) during 379
469+scheduled maintenance and emergency repairs, and (B) during periods 380
470+for which school officials can demonstrate to the local or regional board 381
471+of education's satisfaction that the quantity of outdoor air supplied by 382
472+an air supply system that is not mechanically driven meets the Standard 383
473+62 requirements for air changes per hour. 384
474+(c) Each local or regional board of education shall (1) maintain and 385
475+update all records of the maintenance of its heating, ventilation and air 386
476+conditioning systems for a period of not less than five years, and (2) 387
477+submit such records to the Department of Administrative Services any 388
478+time such records have been updated following any such maintenance. 389
479+This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
480+sections:
481+
482+Section 1 July 1, 2024 10-76g
483+Sec. 2 July 1, 2024 New section
484+Sec. 3 July 1, 2024 New section
485+Sec. 4 from passage New section
486+Sec. 5 July 1, 2024 New section
487+Sec. 6 July 1, 2024 17b-749(a) to (c)
488+Sec. 7 July 1, 2024 10-231e
489+
490+ED Joint Favorable Subst.
508491