This document does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives.
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HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF FINAL BILL ANALYSIS
BILL #: CS/HB 1377 Pub. Rec./Investigations by the Department of Legal Affairs
SPONSOR(S): State Affairs Committee, Sirois and others
TIED BILLS: CS/HB 1 IDEN./SIM. BILLS: CS/CS/HB 1491
FINAL HOUSE FLOOR ACTION: 115 Y’s
0 N’s GOVERNOR’S ACTION: Vetoed
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
CS/HB 1377 passed the House on January 24, 2024. The bill was amended in the Senate on February 22,
2024, and was returned to the House. The House concurred in the Senate amendment and passed the bill as
amended on February 22, 2024.
Generally, a social media platform is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas,
thoughts, and information through virtual networks and communities. Social media use by children can have
negative effects on their wellbeing, and studies have found a link between child social media use and poor
mental health. Also, many minors are exposed to pornography online regularly, and 56 percent of American
high school students have viewed pornography in the last year.
HB 1, to which this bill is linked, requires social media platforms to:
Verify the age of a person wishing to open a new account, and
Prohibit minors under 16 years of age from creating a new account.
HB 1 also requires a commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes a substantial
portion of material harmful to minors on a website or application to:
Prohibit access to such material by any person younger than 18 years of age, and
Use certain age verification methods to verify that the age of a person attempting to access the material
is 18 years of age or older.
The Department of Legal Affairs (DLA), upon belief that any social media platform or commercial entity is in
violation of the provisions of HB 1, may bring an action under the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices
Act. A private cause of action is permitted in certain limited circumstances.
This bill creates a public record exemption for all information held by DLA pursuant to a notification or an
investigation of a violation. The bill provides that the confidential and exempt information may be released by
DLA during an active investigation only in the furtherance of its official duties and responsibilities; for print,
publication, or broadcast in certain instances; or to another governmental entity in the furtherance of the
receiving entity’s official duties and responsibilities.
Once an investigation is completed, the following information remains confidential and exempt:
• Information that is otherwise confidential or exempt;
• Personal identifying information;
• A computer forensic report;
• Information that would otherwise reveal weaknesses in data security; and
• Information that would otherwise disclose proprietary information.
The bill provides that the public record exemption is subject to the Open Government Sunset Review Act and
will repeal on October 2, 2029, unless reviewed and saved from repeal through reenactment by the
Legislature. It also includes a statement of public necessity as required by the Florida Constitution.
The effective date of this bill was July 1, 2024; however, this bill was vetoed by the Governor on March 1, 2024.
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I. SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION
A. EFFECT OF CHANGES:
Present Situation
Public Records
The Florida Constitution sets forth the state’s public policy regarding access to government records,
guaranteeing every person a right to inspect or copy any public record of the legislative, executive, and
judicial branches of government.
1
The Legislature, however, may provide by general law an exemption
2
from public record requirements provided the exemption passes by a two-thirds vote of each chamber,
states with specificity the public necessity justifying the exemption, and is no broader than necessary to
meet its public purpose.
3
Current law also addresses the public policy regarding access to government records by guaranteeing
every person a right to inspect and copy any state, county, or municipal record, unless the record is
exempt.
4
Furthermore, the Open Government Sunset Review (OGSR) Act
5
provides that a public
record exemption may be created or maintained only if it serves an identifiable public purpose and the
“Legislature finds that the purpose is sufficiently compelling to override the strong public policy of open
government and that cannot be accomplished without the exemption.”
6
An identifiable public purpose is
served if the exemption meets one of the following purposes:
Allow the state or its political subdivisions to effectively and efficiently administer a
governmental program, which administration would be significantly impaired without the
exemption;
Protect sensitive personal information that, if released, would be defamatory or would
jeopardize an individual’s safety; however, only the identity of an individual may be exempted
under this provision; or
Protect trade or business secrets.
7
Pursuant to the OGSR Act, a new public record exemption, or the substantial amendment of an existing
public record exemption, is repealed on October 2nd of the fifth year following enactment, unless the
Legislature reenacts the exemption.
8
Social Media and Kids
Generally, a social media platform is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas,
thoughts, and information through virtual networks and communities. Social media is Internet-based
and gives users quick electronic communication of content, such as personal information, videos, and
photos. Users engage with social media via a computer, tablet, or smartphone via web-based software
or applications.
9
1
Art. I, s. 24(a), Fla. Const.
2
A “public record exemption” means a provision of general law which provides that a specified record, or portion thereof, is not
subject to the access requirements of s. 119.07(1), F.S., or s. 24, Art. I of the Florida Constitution. See s. 119.011(8), F.S.
3
Art. I, s. 24(c), Fla. Const.
4
See s. 119.01, F.S.
5
S. 119.15, F.S.
6
S. 119.15(6)(b), F.S.
7
Id.
8
S. 119.15(3), F.S.
9
Maya Dollarhide, Social Media: Definition, Effects, and List of Top Apps, Investopedia.com,
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-media.asp (last visited Jan. 12, 2024).
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Social media use by children can have negative effects on their health.
10
Some potential safety risks of
social media use include:
Exposure to harmful or inappropriate content;
Exposure to dangerous people;
Cyberbullying;
Oversharing personal information;
Exposure to excessive advertisements;
Privacy concerns, including the collection of data about minors;
Identity theft or being hacked; and
Interference with sleep, exercise, homework, or family activities.
11
Additionally, a 2022 study conducted by social media and psychology scholars found a link between
social media use and poor mental health, especially among girls.
12
Such study demonstrated that girls
experience a consistent and substantial association between mental health and social media use, and
such associations were stronger than links between mental health and binge drinking, sexual assault,
obesity, and hard drug use.
13
To attempt to reduce such effects on kids, Utah, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Ohio recently enacted laws
to require social media platforms to verify user age and require parental consent for minors to have an
account.
14
Effects of Harmful Content on Children
Internet usage and mobile technology has become mainstream, especially among teens and young
adults.
15
The majority of Americans come across pornography online and one-third will seek it out
monthly.
16
Twenty-seven percent of young adults first view pornography before the onset of puberty,
17
70 percent of teens accidentally stumble upon pornography online,
18
and teens may have experienced
10
Mayo Clinic Staff, Teens and social media use: What's the impact?, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research,
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teens-and-social-media-use/art-20474437 (last visited
Jan. 12, 2024).
11
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Social Media and Teens, March 2018,
https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Social-Media-and-Teens-100.aspx (last visited
Jan. 12, 2024); see also Loyola Medicine, Social Media Safety for Kids and Teens, https://www.loyolamedicine.org/about-
us/blog/social-media-safety-kids-teens, (last visited Jan. 12, 2024)
12
Jean Twenge, Jonathan Haidt, Jimmy Lozano, and Kevin Cummins, Specification curve analysis shows that social media use is
linked to poor mental health, especially among girls, 224 Acta Psychologica, (April 2022),
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691822000270 (last visited Jan. 12, 2024); Jean Twenge, et al, infra note 12.
13
Id.; see also Jean Twenge, et al, Social media is riskier for kids than ‘screen time’, The Washington Post, Feb. 16, 2022,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/02/16/social-media-is-riskier-kids-than-screen-time/ (last visited Jan. 12, 2024).
14
Ch. 498, Laws of Utah 2023; Act No. 456, 2023 La. Acts; 2023 Ark. Acts 689; Ohio House Bill 33 - 135th General Assembly.
15
Eric W. Owens et al., The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents: A Review of the Research, 19(1-2) SEXUAL ADDICT ION
& COMPULSIVIT Y 99, 99-100 (2012); see also PEW RESEARCH CENT ER, Teens, Social Media & Technology Overview 2015,
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/ (last visited Jan. 12, 2024).
16
Josh McDowell Ministry, THE PORN PHENOMENON: THE IMPACT OF PORNOGRAPHY IN T HE DIGITAL AGE (2016), research summary
available at https://www.barna.com/research/porn-in-the-digital-age-new-research-reveals-10-trends/ (last visited Jan. 12, 2024).
17
Josh McDowell Ministry, KEY FINDINGS FOR THE PORN PHENOMENON UNVEILED (2016), press release available at
https://www.josh.org/news-release/key-findings-for-the-porn-phenomenon-unveiled/ (last visited Jan. 13, 2024).
18
KAISER FAMILY FOUNDAT ION, Generation Rx.com: How Young People Use the Internet for Health Information, December 2001, at
12, available at https://www.kff.org/wp-content/uploads/2001/11/3202-genrx-report.pdf (last visited Jan. 12, 2024).
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an increase in unwanted exposure to pornographic content online.
19
A sample of American high school
students in 2021 found that 56 percent viewed pornography in the prior year.
20
Research suggests that adolescents who view pornography tend to have more sexually permissive
attitudes, have more sexual partners in their lifetime, and are more likely to engage in certain sexual
acts.
21
Similarly, adolescents who viewed pornography tended to display more aggression, have more
traditional gender role attitudes, and view women as sex objects.
22
Adolescents who view pornography report feeling insecure about their ability to perform sexually or how
they look, and tend to decrease their pornography use as their self-confidence increases or they
develop positive relationships with friends and family.
23
To attempt to reduce such effects on kids, Utah, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Ohio recently enacted laws
to require commercial entities that have a substantial amount of material harmful to minors on their
website to verify user age and prohibit access to minors under 18.
24
Department of Legal Affairs
The Department of Legal Affairs (DLA) provides a wide variety of legal services, including defending
the state in civil litigation cases, representing the people of Florida in criminal appeals in state and
federal courts, protecting rights of children, consumers, and victims through its various protection
programs, and investigating and litigating against businesses that seek to limit competition and defraud
taxpayers.
25
House Bill 1 (2024)
HB 1, to which this bill is linked, requires social media platforms to:
Verify the age of a person wishing to open a new account, and
Prohibit minors under 16 years of age from creating a new account.
HB 1 also requires a commercial entity that knowingly and intentionally publishes or distributes a
substantial portion of material harmful to minors on a website or application to:
Prohibit access to such material by any person younger than 18 years of age, and
19
Kimberly J. Mitchell et al., Trends in Youth Reports of Sexual Solicitations, Harassment and Unwanted Exposure to Pornography
on the Internet, 40 JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH 116, 124 (2007), available at: http://unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/CV135.pdf (last visited
Jan. 12, 2024).
20
Amanda Giordano, What to Know About Adolescent Pornography Exposure, Psychology Today, Feb. 27, 2022,
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/understanding-addiction/202202/what-know-about-adolescent-pornography-exposure (last
visited Jan. 12, 2024).
21
Debra K. Braun-Courville & Mary Rojas, Exposure to Sexually Explicit Web Sites and Adolescent Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors,
45(2) J ADOLESCENT HEALTH 153, 156-162 (2009). See also Jane D. Brown & Kelly L. L’Engle, X-Rated: Sexual Attitudes and
Behaviors Associated with U.S. Early Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Media, 36 COMM. RSCH. 129-151 (2009). Contra
Marie-Therese Luder et al., Associations between Online Pornography and Sexual Behavior among Adolescents: Myth or Reality?,
40(5) ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 1027-1035 (2011) (finding that pornography use had no association with early sexual imitation
or risky sexual behaviors).
22
Eileen M. Alexy et al., Pornography as a Risk Marker for an Aggressive Pattern of Behavior among Sexually Reactive Children
and Adolescents, 14(6) J AM. PSYCHIAT RIC NURSES ASS’N 442, 450 (2009). See also Elisabet Haggstrom-Nordin et al., Experiences of
and Attitudes towards Pornography among a Group of Swedish High School Students, 14 EURO. J CONT RACEPTION AND
REPRODUCT IVE HEALTH CARE 277, 277-284 (2009).
23
Lotta Lofgren-Martenson & Sven-Axel Mansson, Lust, Love, and Life: A Qualitative Study of Swedish Adolescents’ Perceptions
and Experiences with Pornography 47 J SEX RSCH. 568, 575 (2010).
24
Ch. 498, Laws of Utah 2023; Act No. 456, 2023 La. Acts; 2023 Ark. Acts 689; Ohio House Bill 33 - 135th General Assembly.
25
OPPAGA, Office of the Attorney General (Department of Legal Affairs),
https://oppaga.fl.gov/ProgramSummary/ProgramDetail?programNumber=1026 (last visited Jan. 12, 2024); see also ch. 16 and s.
20.11, F.S.
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Use certain age verification methods to verify that the age of a person attempting to access the
material is 18 years of age or older.
DLA, upon belief that a social media platform or commercial entity is in violation of the bill, may bring an
action under the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.
26
A private cause of action is
permitted in certain limited circumstances.
Effect of Proposed Changes
The bill creates a public record exemption for all information held by DLA pursuant to a notification or
an investigation of a violation by a social media platform or commercial entity of the requirements
created by HB 1. Such information is made confidential and exempt
27
from public record requirements
until the investigation is completed or is no longer active.
28
During an active investigation, the confidential and exempt information may be disclosed by DLA:
In the furtherance of its official duties and responsibilities;
• For print, publication, or broadcast if DLA determines that such release would assist in notifying
the public or locating or identifying a person DLA believes to be a victim of an improper use or
disposal of customer records, except that information which remains confidential and exempt
after an investigation may not be released in this manner; or
• To another governmental entity in the furtherance of the receiving entity’s official duties and
responsibilities.
Once an investigation is completed or ceases to be active, the following information held by DLA
remains confidential and exempt:
Information that is otherwise confidential or exempt;
Personal identifying information;
A computer forensic report;
Information that would otherwise reveal weaknesses in a social media platform’s or commercial
entity’s data security; and
Information that would otherwise disclose a social media platform’s commercial entity’s
proprietary information.
29
26
Part II of Ch. 501, F.S. is known as the “Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.” S. 501.201, F.S. The Florida Deceptive
and Unfair Trade Practices Act is a consumer and business protection measure that prohibits unfair methods of competition,
unconscionable acts or practices, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in trade or commerce. S. 501.202, F.S.
27
There is a difference between records the Legislature designates exempt from public record requirements and those the Legislature
designates confidential and exempt. A record classified as exempt from public disclosure may be disclosed under certain
circumstances. See WFTV, Inc. v. Sch. Bd. of Seminole, 874 So.2d 48, 53 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004), review denied, 892 So.2d 1015 (Fla.
2004); State v. Wooten, 260 So. 3d 1060, 1070 (Fla. 4th DCA 2018); City of Rivera Beach v. Barfield, 642 So.2d 1135 (Fla. 4th DCA
1994); Williams v. City of Minneola, 575 So.2d 683, 687 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991). If the Legislature designates a record as confidential
and exempt from public disclosure, such record may not be released by the custodian of public records to anyone other than the
persons or entities specifically designated in statute. See Op. Att’y Gen. Fla. 04-09 (2004).).
28
The bill states that the public record exemption should be construed in conformity with s. 119.071(2)(c), F.S. Section 119.071(2)(c),
F.S., creates an exemption for active criminal investigative and criminal intelligence information. Section 119.011(3), F.S., defines the
terms “criminal intelligence information,” “criminal investigative information,” and “active.”
29
The bill defines the term “proprietary information” to mean information that is owned or controlled by the social media platform or
the commercial entity; is intended to be private and is treated by the social media platform or the commercial entity as private because
disclosure would harm the social media platform or the commercial entity or its business operations; has not been disclosed except as
required by law or through a private agreement that provides that the information will not be released to the public; is not publicly
available or otherwise readily ascertainable through proper means from another source in the same configuration as received by DLA;
and reveals competitive interests.
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The bill provides the constitutionally required public necessity statement, which states that, if released,
information held by DLA pursuant to a notification or an investigation of a violation by commercial
entities of the requirements created by HB 1 could:
Frustrate or thwart the investigation and impair the ability of DLA to perform assigned functions;
Undo a specific statutory exemption protecting the information;
Be used for the purpose of identity theft;
Result in the identification of vulnerabilities; and
Result in economic harm.
The bill provides that the public record exemption is subject to the OGSR Act and will repeal on
October 2, 2029, unless reenacted by the Legislature.
The bill will become effective on the same date that HB 1 or similar legislation takes effect, if such
legislation is adopted in the same legislative session, or an extension thereof, and becomes a law.
II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT
A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
See Fiscal Comments.
B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
None.
C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
None.
D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
The bill may have a minimal fiscal impact on DLA because agency staff responsible for complying with
public record requests may require training related to the creation of the public record exemption. DLA
could incur costs associated with redacting the confidential and exempt information prior to releasing a
record. The costs, however, would be absorbed by existing resources, as they are part of the day-to-
day responsibilities of agencies.
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