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| 9 | 9 | | Page 1 of 11 |
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| 10 | 10 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 12 | 12 | | |
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| 14 | 14 | | A bill to be entitled 1 |
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| 15 | 15 | | An act relating to construction liens and bonds; 2 |
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| 16 | 16 | | amending s. 255.05, F.S.; requiring, rather than 3 |
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| 17 | 17 | | authorizing, a specified waiver to be in a certain 4 |
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| 18 | 18 | | form; authorizing a claimant to condition a waiver on 5 |
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| 19 | 19 | | the receipt of funds; providing that certain waivers 6 |
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| 20 | 20 | | are unenforceable; amending s. 713.015, F.S.; revising 7 |
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| 21 | 21 | | the notice a contractor must provide to an owner of 8 |
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| 22 | 22 | | certain real property if the direct contract bet ween 9 |
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| 23 | 23 | | the owner and contractor is more than a specified 10 |
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| 24 | 24 | | amount; amending s. 713.03, F.S.; providing that a 11 |
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| 25 | 25 | | person may not have a lien on improved real property 12 |
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| 26 | 26 | | if the contractor was paid in full under the direct 13 |
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| 27 | 27 | | contract; amending s. 713.06, F.S.; providing that a 14 |
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| 28 | 28 | | person may not have a lien on improved real property 15 |
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| 29 | 29 | | if the contractor was paid in full under the direct 16 |
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| 30 | 30 | | contract; revising the notice that certain lienors 17 |
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| 31 | 31 | | must provide to an owner of real property before 18 |
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| 32 | 32 | | perfecting a lien and recording a claim of lien; 19 |
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| 33 | 33 | | amending s. 713.20, F.S.; requiring, rather than 20 |
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| 34 | 34 | | authorizing, a specified waiver to be in a certain 21 |
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| 35 | 35 | | form; authorizing a claimant to condition a waiver on 22 |
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| 36 | 36 | | the receipt of funds; providing that certain waivers 23 |
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| 37 | 37 | | are unenforceable; providing an effective d ate. 24 |
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| 38 | 38 | | 25 |
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| 40 | 40 | | HB 893 2025 |
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| 46 | 46 | | Page 2 of 11 |
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| 47 | 47 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 50 | 50 | | |
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| 51 | 51 | | Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida: 26 |
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| 52 | 52 | | 27 |
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| 53 | 53 | | Section 1. Paragraphs (b) through (f) of subsection (2) of 28 |
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| 54 | 54 | | section 255.05, Florida Statutes, are amended to read: 29 |
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| 55 | 55 | | 255.05 Bond of contractor constructing public buildings; 30 |
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| 56 | 56 | | form; action by claimants.— 31 |
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| 57 | 57 | | (2) 32 |
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| 58 | 58 | | (b) When a person is required to execute a waiver of his 33 |
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| 59 | 59 | | or her right to make a claim against the payment bond in 34 |
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| 60 | 60 | | exchange for, or to induce payment of, a progress payment, the 35 |
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| 61 | 61 | | waiver must may be in substantially the following form : 36 |
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| 62 | 62 | | WAIVER OF RIGHT TO CLAIM 37 |
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| 63 | 63 | | AGAINST THE PAYMENT BOND 38 |
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| 64 | 64 | | (PROGRESS PAYMENT) 39 |
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| 65 | 65 | | The undersigned, in consideration of the sum of $...., 40 |
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| 66 | 66 | | hereby waives its right to claim against the payment bond for 41 |
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| 67 | 67 | | labor, services, or materials furnished through ...(insert 42 |
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| 68 | 68 | | date)... to ...(insert the name of your customer)... on the job 43 |
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| 69 | 69 | | of ...(insert the name of the owner)..., for improvements to the 44 |
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| 70 | 70 | | following described project: 45 |
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| 71 | 71 | | (description of project) 46 |
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| 72 | 72 | | This waiver does not cover any retention or any labor, services, 47 |
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| 73 | 73 | | or materials furnished after the date specified. 48 |
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| 74 | 74 | | DATED ON ........, ..... 49 |
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| 75 | 75 | | ...(Claimant)... 50 |
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| 84 | 84 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 86 | 86 | | |
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| 87 | 87 | | |
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| 88 | 88 | | By:............ 51 |
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| 89 | 89 | | (c) When a person is required to execute a waiver of his 52 |
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| 90 | 90 | | or her right to make a claim against the payment bond, in 53 |
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| 91 | 91 | | exchange for, or to induce payment of, the fina l payment, the 54 |
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| 92 | 92 | | waiver must may be in substantially the following form: 55 |
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| 93 | 93 | | WAIVER OF RIGHT TO CLAIM 56 |
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| 94 | 94 | | AGAINST THE PAYMENT BOND 57 |
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| 95 | 95 | | (FINAL PAYMENT) 58 |
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| 96 | 96 | | The undersigned, in consideration of the final payment in 59 |
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| 97 | 97 | | the amount of $...., hereby waives its right to claim against 60 |
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| 98 | 98 | | the payment bond for labor, services, or materials furnished to 61 |
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| 99 | 99 | | ...(insert the name of your customer)... on the job of 62 |
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| 100 | 100 | | ...(insert the name of the owner)..., for improvements to the 63 |
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| 101 | 101 | | following described project: 64 |
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| 102 | 102 | | (description of project) 65 |
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| 103 | 103 | | DATED ON ........, ..... 66 |
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| 104 | 104 | | ...(Claimant)... 67 |
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| 105 | 105 | | By:............ 68 |
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| 106 | 106 | | (d) A person may not require a claimant to furnish a 69 |
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| 107 | 107 | | waiver that is different from the forms in paragraphs (b) and 70 |
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| 108 | 108 | | (c). 71 |
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| 109 | 109 | | (e) A claimant who executes a waiver in exchange for a 72 |
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| 110 | 110 | | payment check may condition the waiver on the receipt of funds 73 |
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| 111 | 111 | | payment of the check . 74 |
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| 112 | 112 | | (f) A waiver that is not substantially similar to the 75 |
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| 120 | 120 | | Page 4 of 11 |
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| 121 | 121 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 122 | 122 | | |
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| 123 | 123 | | |
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| 124 | 124 | | |
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| 125 | 125 | | forms in this subsection is unenforceable enforceable in 76 |
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| 126 | 126 | | accordance with its terms . 77 |
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| 127 | 127 | | Section 2. Subsection (1) of section 713.015, Florida 78 |
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| 128 | 128 | | Statutes, is amended to read: 79 |
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| 129 | 129 | | 713.015 Mandatory provisions for direct contracts. — 80 |
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| 130 | 130 | | (1) Any direct contract greater than $2,500 between an 81 |
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| 131 | 131 | | owner and a contractor, related to improvements to real property 82 |
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| 132 | 132 | | consisting of single or multiple family dwellings up t o and 83 |
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| 133 | 133 | | including four units, must contain the following notice 84 |
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| 134 | 134 | | provision printed in no less than 12 -point, capitalized, 85 |
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| 135 | 135 | | boldfaced type on the front page of the contract or on a 86 |
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| 136 | 136 | | separate page, signed by the owner and dated: 87 |
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| 137 | 137 | | ACCORDING TO FLORIDA'S CONSTRUCTIO N LIEN LAW (SECTIONS 713.001 -88 |
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| 138 | 138 | | 713.37, FLORIDA STATUTES), THOSE WHO WORK ON YOUR PROPERTY OR 89 |
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| 139 | 139 | | PROVIDE MATERIALS AND SERVICES FOR YOUR PROJECT AND ARE NOT PAID 90 |
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| 140 | 140 | | IN FULL FOR SUCH WORK, MATERIALS, OR SERVICES MAY HAVE A RIGHT 91 |
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| 141 | 141 | | TO ENFORCE THEIR CLAIM FOR PAYMENT AG AINST YOUR PROPERTY USING. 92 |
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| 142 | 142 | | THIS CLAIM IS KNOWN AS A CONSTRUCTION LIEN. SPECIFICALLY, IF YOU 93 |
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| 143 | 143 | | FAIL TO PAY IF YOUR CONTRACTOR THEN YOUR CONTRACTOR AND CERTAIN 94 |
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| 144 | 144 | | OTHER PERSONS WORKING UNDER YOUR CONTRACTOR WHO ARE OWED MONEY 95 |
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| 145 | 145 | | FOR THE WORK, MATERIALS, OR SERVICES THEY PROVIDED FOR YOUR 96 |
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| 146 | 146 | | PROJECT MAY PLACE OR A SUBCONTRACTOR FAILS TO PAY 97 |
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| 147 | 147 | | SUBCONTRACTORS, SUB-SUBCONTRACTORS, OR MATERIAL SUPPLIERS, THOSE 98 |
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| 148 | 148 | | PEOPLE WHO ARE OWED MONEY MAY LOOK TO YOUR PROPERTY FOR PAYMENT, 99 |
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| 149 | 149 | | EVEN IF YOU HAVE ALREADY PAID YOUR CONTRACTOR IN FULL . IF YOU 100 |
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| 157 | 157 | | Page 5 of 11 |
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| 158 | 158 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 159 | 159 | | |
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| 160 | 160 | | |
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| 161 | 161 | | |
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| 162 | 162 | | FAIL TO PAY YOUR CONTRACTOR, YOUR CONTRACTOR MAY ALSO HAVE A 101 |
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| 163 | 163 | | LIEN ON YOUR PROPERTY TO SECURE PAYMENTS OWED . THIS MEANS IF A 102 |
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| 164 | 164 | | LIEN IS FILED ON YOUR PROPERTY, YOUR PROPERTY COULD BE SOLD 103 |
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| 165 | 165 | | AGAINST YOUR WILL TO PAY FOR LABOR, MATERIALS, OR OTHER SERVICE S 104 |
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| 166 | 166 | | FOR WHICH YOU THAT YOUR CONTRACTOR OR A SUBCONTRACTOR MAY HAVE 105 |
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| 167 | 167 | | FAILED TO PAY. TO PROTECT YOURSELF, YOU SHOULD PROTECT YOURSELF 106 |
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| 168 | 168 | | BY STIPULATING STIPULATE IN THIS CONTRACT THAT BEFORE ANY 107 |
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| 169 | 169 | | PAYMENT IS MADE, YOUR CONTRACTOR MUST IS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE YOU 108 |
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| 170 | 170 | | WITH A WRITTEN RELEASE OF LIEN FROM ANY PERSON OR COMPANY THAT 109 |
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| 171 | 171 | | HAS PROVIDED TO YOU WITH A "NOTICE TO OWNER." FLORIDA'S 110 |
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| 172 | 172 | | CONSTRUCTION LIEN LAW IS COMPLEX, AND IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU 111 |
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| 173 | 173 | | CONSULT AN ATTORNEY. 112 |
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| 174 | 174 | | Section 3. Subsection (1) of section 713.03, Florid a 113 |
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| 175 | 175 | | Statutes, is amended to read: 114 |
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| 176 | 176 | | 713.03 Liens for professional services. — 115 |
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| 177 | 177 | | (1) Any person who performs services as architect, 116 |
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| 178 | 178 | | landscape architect, interior designer, engineer, or surveyor 117 |
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| 179 | 179 | | and mapper, subject to compliance with and the limitations 118 |
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| 180 | 180 | | imposed by this part, has a lien on the real property improved 119 |
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| 181 | 181 | | for any money that is owing to him or her for his or her 120 |
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| 182 | 182 | | services used in connection with improving the real property or 121 |
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| 183 | 183 | | for his or her services in supervising any portion of the work 122 |
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| 184 | 184 | | of improving the real property, rendered in accordance with his 123 |
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| 185 | 185 | | or her contract and with the direct contract. Notwithstanding 124 |
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| 186 | 186 | | the foregoing, a person may not have a lien on the real property 125 |
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| 188 | 188 | | HB 893 2025 |
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| 194 | 194 | | Page 6 of 11 |
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| 195 | 195 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 196 | 196 | | |
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| 197 | 197 | | |
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| 198 | 198 | | |
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| 199 | 199 | | improved if the contactor received payment in full for all 126 |
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| 200 | 200 | | moneys owed to date un der the direct contract. 127 |
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| 201 | 201 | | Section 4. Subsection (1) and paragraph (c) of subsection 128 |
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| 202 | 202 | | (2) of section 713.06, Florida Statutes, are amended to read: 129 |
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| 203 | 203 | | 713.06 Liens of persons not in privity; proper payments. — 130 |
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| 204 | 204 | | (1)(a) A materialman or laborer, either of whom is not in 131 |
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| 205 | 205 | | privity with the owner, or a subcontractor or sub -subcontractor 132 |
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| 206 | 206 | | who complies with the provisions of this part and is subject to 133 |
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| 207 | 207 | | the limitations thereof, has a lien on the real property 134 |
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| 208 | 208 | | improved for any money that is owed to him or her for labor, 135 |
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| 209 | 209 | | services, or materials furnished in accordance with his or her 136 |
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| 210 | 210 | | contract and with the direct contract and for any unpaid finance 137 |
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| 211 | 211 | | charges due under the lienor's contract. Notwithstanding the 138 |
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| 212 | 212 | | foregoing, a person may not have a lien on the real property 139 |
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| 213 | 213 | | improved if the contactor received payment in full for all 140 |
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| 214 | 214 | | moneys owed to date under the direct contract. 141 |
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| 215 | 215 | | (b) A materialman or laborer, either of whom is not in 142 |
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| 216 | 216 | | privity with the owner, or a subcontractor or sub -subcontractor 143 |
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| 217 | 217 | | who complies with the provisions of this part and is subject to 144 |
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| 218 | 218 | | the limitations thereof, also has a lien on the owner's real 145 |
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| 219 | 219 | | property for labor, services, or materials furnished to improve 146 |
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| 220 | 220 | | public property if the improvement of the public property i s 147 |
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| 221 | 221 | | furnished in accordance with his or her contract and with the 148 |
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| 222 | 222 | | direct contract. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a person may not 149 |
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| 223 | 223 | | have a lien on the real property improved if the contactor 150 |
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| 231 | 231 | | Page 7 of 11 |
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| 232 | 232 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 233 | 233 | | |
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| 234 | 234 | | |
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| 235 | 235 | | |
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| 236 | 236 | | received payment in full for all moneys owed to date under the 151 |
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| 237 | 237 | | direct contract. 152 |
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| 238 | 238 | | (c) The total amount of all liens allowed under this part 153 |
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| 239 | 239 | | for furnishing labor, services, or material covered by any 154 |
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| 240 | 240 | | certain direct contract must not exceed the amount of the 155 |
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| 241 | 241 | | contract price fixed by the direct contract except as provided 156 |
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| 242 | 242 | | in subsection (3). 157 |
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| 243 | 243 | | (d) A person may not No person may have a lien under this 158 |
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| 244 | 244 | | section except those lienors specified in it, as their 159 |
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| 245 | 245 | | designations are defined in s. 713.01. 160 |
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| 246 | 246 | | (2) 161 |
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| 247 | 247 | | (c) The notice may be in substantially the following form 162 |
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| 248 | 248 | | and must include the i nformation and the warning contained in 163 |
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| 249 | 249 | | the following form: 164 |
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| 250 | 250 | | 165 |
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| 251 | 251 | | WARNING! FLORIDA'S CONSTRUCTION LIEN LAW ALLOWS SOME UNPAID 166 |
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| 252 | 252 | | CONTRACTORS, SUBCONTRACTORS, AND MATERIAL SUPPLIERS TO FILE 167 |
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| 253 | 253 | | LIENS AGAINST YOUR PROPERTY IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES EVEN IF YOU 168 |
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| 254 | 254 | | HAVE MADE PAYMENT IN FULL. UNDER FLORIDA LAW, YOUR FAILURE TO 169 |
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| 255 | 255 | | PAY THE CONTRACTOR IN FULL FOR ALL MONEYS OWED ON THE DIRECT 170 |
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| 256 | 256 | | CONTRACT MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE PAID MAY RESULT IN ONE OR MORE 171 |
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| 257 | 257 | | LIENS A LIEN AGAINST YOUR PROPERTY AND YOUR PAYING TWICE . 172 |
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| 258 | 258 | | TO AVOID A LIEN AND PAY ING TWICE, YOU MUST OBTAIN A WRITTEN 173 |
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| 259 | 259 | | RELEASE FROM US EVERY TIME YOU PAY YOUR CONTRACTOR. 174 |
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| 260 | 260 | | 175 |
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| 266 | 266 | | CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions. |
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| 268 | 268 | | Page 8 of 11 |
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| 269 | 269 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 270 | 270 | | |
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| 271 | 271 | | |
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| 272 | 272 | | |
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| 273 | 273 | | NOTICE TO OWNER 176 |
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| 274 | 274 | | 177 |
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| 275 | 275 | | To ...(Owner's name and address)... 178 |
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| 276 | 276 | | 179 |
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| 277 | 277 | | The undersigned hereby informs you that he or she has furnished 180 |
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| 278 | 278 | | or is furnishing services or materials as follows: 181 |
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| 279 | 279 | | ...(General description of services or materials)... for the 182 |
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| 280 | 280 | | improvement of the real property identified as ...(property 183 |
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| 281 | 281 | | description)... under an order given by............. 184 |
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| 282 | 282 | | 185 |
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| 283 | 283 | | Florida law prescribes the serving of this notice and restricts 186 |
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| 284 | 284 | | your right to make payments under your contract in accordance 187 |
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| 285 | 285 | | with Section 713.06, Florida Statutes. 188 |
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| 286 | 286 | | 189 |
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| 287 | 287 | | IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR 190 |
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| 288 | 288 | | YOUR PROTECTION 191 |
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| 289 | 289 | | 192 |
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| 290 | 290 | | Under Florida's laws, those who work on your property or 193 |
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| 291 | 291 | | provide materials and are not paid may have a right to enforc e 194 |
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| 292 | 292 | | their claim for payment against your property using. This claim 195 |
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| 293 | 293 | | is known as a construction lien. If you fail to pay your 196 |
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| 294 | 294 | | contractor or neglect to make other legally required payments, 197 |
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| 295 | 295 | | fails to pay subcontractors, or material suppliers, and others 198 |
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| 296 | 296 | | or neglects to make other legally required payments, the people 199 |
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| 297 | 297 | | who are owed money may have the right to place a lien on look to 200 |
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| 303 | 303 | | CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions. |
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| 305 | 305 | | Page 9 of 11 |
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| 306 | 306 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 307 | 307 | | |
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| 308 | 308 | | |
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| 309 | 309 | | |
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| 310 | 310 | | your property for payment in certain circumstances , EVEN IF YOU 201 |
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| 311 | 311 | | HAVE PAID YOUR CONTRACTOR IN FULL . 202 |
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| 312 | 312 | | 203 |
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| 313 | 313 | | PROTECT YOURSELF: 204 |
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| 314 | 314 | | —RECOGNIZE that this Notice to Owner may result in a lien 205 |
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| 315 | 315 | | against your property unless the contractor has received payment 206 |
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| 316 | 316 | | in full for all moneys owed to date under the direct contract 207 |
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| 317 | 317 | | all those supplying a Notice to Owner have been paid . 208 |
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| 318 | 318 | | —LEARN more about the Construct ion Lien Law, Chapter 713, 209 |
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| 319 | 319 | | Part I, Florida Statutes, and the meaning of this notice by 210 |
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| 320 | 320 | | contacting an attorney or the Florida Department of Business and 211 |
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| 321 | 321 | | Professional Regulation. 212 |
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| 322 | 322 | | ...(Lienor's Signature)... 213 |
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| 323 | 323 | | ...(Lienor's Name)... 214 |
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| 324 | 324 | | ...(Lienor's Address)... 215 |
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| 325 | 325 | | Copies to: ...(Those persons listed in Section 713.06(2)(a) and 216 |
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| 326 | 326 | | (b), Florida Statutes)... 217 |
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| 327 | 327 | | The form may be combined with a notice to contractor given under 218 |
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| 328 | 328 | | s. 255.05 or s. 713.23 and, if so, may be entitled "NOTICE TO 219 |
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| 329 | 329 | | OWNER/NOTICE TO CONTRACTOR." 220 |
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| 330 | 330 | | Section 5. Subsections (4) through (8) of section 713.20, 221 |
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| 331 | 331 | | Florida Statutes, are amended to read: 222 |
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| 332 | 332 | | 713.20 Waiver or release of liens. — 223 |
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| 333 | 333 | | (4) When a lienor is required to execute a waiver or 224 |
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| 334 | 334 | | release of lien in exchange for, or to induce payment of, a 225 |
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| 340 | 340 | | CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions. |
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| 343 | 343 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 344 | 344 | | |
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| 345 | 345 | | |
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| 346 | 346 | | |
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| 347 | 347 | | progress payment, the waiver or release must may be in 226 |
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| 348 | 348 | | substantially the following form: 227 |
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| 349 | 349 | | WAIVER AND RELEASE OF LIEN 228 |
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| 350 | 350 | | UPON PROGRESS PAYMENT 229 |
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| 351 | 351 | | The undersigned lienor, in consideration of the sum of 230 |
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| 352 | 352 | | $...., hereby waives and releases its lien and right to claim a 231 |
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| 353 | 353 | | lien for labor, services, or materials furnished through 232 |
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| 354 | 354 | | ...(insert date)... to ...(insert the name of your customer)... 233 |
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| 355 | 355 | | on the job of ...(insert the name of the owner)... to the 234 |
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| 356 | 356 | | following property: 235 |
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| 357 | 357 | | ...(description of property)... 236 |
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| 358 | 358 | | This waiver and release does not c over any retention or labor, 237 |
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| 359 | 359 | | services, or materials furnished after the date specified. 238 |
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| 360 | 360 | | DATED on ...., ...(year).... ...(Lienor)... 239 |
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| 361 | 361 | | By: ........ 240 |
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| 362 | 362 | | (5) When a lienor is required to execute a waiver or 241 |
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| 363 | 363 | | release of lien in exchange for, or to induce payment o f, the 242 |
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| 364 | 364 | | final payment, the waiver and release must may be in 243 |
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| 365 | 365 | | substantially the following form: 244 |
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| 366 | 366 | | WAIVER AND RELEASE OF LIEN 245 |
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| 367 | 367 | | UPON FINAL PAYMENT 246 |
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| 368 | 368 | | |
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| 369 | 369 | | HB 893 2025 |
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| 370 | 370 | | |
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| 371 | 371 | | |
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| 372 | 372 | | |
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| 373 | 373 | | CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions. |
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| 374 | 374 | | hb893-00 |
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| 375 | 375 | | Page 11 of 11 |
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| 376 | 376 | | F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S |
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| 377 | 377 | | |
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| 378 | 378 | | |
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| 379 | 379 | | |
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| 380 | 380 | | The undersigned lienor, in consideration of the final 247 |
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| 381 | 381 | | payment in the amount of $........, hereby waives and releas es 248 |
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| 382 | 382 | | its lien and right to claim a lien for labor, services, or 249 |
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| 383 | 383 | | materials furnished to ...(insert the name of your customer)... 250 |
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| 384 | 384 | | on the job of ...(insert the name of the owner)... to the 251 |
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| 385 | 385 | | following described property: 252 |
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| 386 | 386 | | ...(description of property)... 253 |
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| 387 | 387 | | DATED on ...., ...(year).... ...(Lienor)... 254 |
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| 388 | 388 | | By: ........ 255 |
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| 389 | 389 | | (6) A person may not require a lienor to furnish a lien 256 |
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| 390 | 390 | | waiver or release of lien that is different from the forms in 257 |
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| 391 | 391 | | subsection (4) or subsection (5). 258 |
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| 392 | 392 | | (7) A lienor who executes a lien waiver and release in 259 |
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| 393 | 393 | | exchange for a payment check may condition the waiver and 260 |
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| 394 | 394 | | release on the receipt of funds payment of the check . However, 261 |
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| 395 | 395 | | in the absence of a payment bond protecting the owner, the owner 262 |
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| 396 | 396 | | may withhold from any payment to the contractor the amount of 263 |
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| 397 | 397 | | any such unpaid funds check until any such condition is 264 |
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| 398 | 398 | | satisfied. 265 |
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| 399 | 399 | | (8) A lien waiver or lien release that is not 266 |
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| 400 | 400 | | substantially similar to the forms in subsections (4) and (5) is 267 |
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| 401 | 401 | | unenforceable enforceable in accordance with the terms of the 268 |
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| 402 | 402 | | lien waiver or lien release. 269 |
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| 403 | 403 | | Section 6. This act shall take effect July 1, 2025. 270 |
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