Georgia 2025-2026 Regular Session

Georgia House Bill HB161 Compare Versions

OldNewDifferences
1-25 HB 161/AP
2-House Bill 161 (AS PASSED HOUSE AND SENATE)
3-By: Representatives Crowe of the 118
4-th
5-, Reeves of the 99
6-th
7-, New of the 40
8-th
9-, Camp of the
10-135
11-th
12-, and Smith of the 18
13-th
14-
1+25 LC 62 0177S
2+The Senate Committee on Judiciary offered the following
3+substitute to HB 161:
154 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
165 AN ACT
17-To amend Article 1 of Chapter 3 of Title 35 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated,
18-1
6+To amend Article 1 of Chapter 3 of Title 35 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated,1
197 relating to general provisions relative to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, to provide for2
208 authority to issue subpoenas of electronic communication records for purposes of3
219 investigating certain crimes relating to cyber enabled threats to life and property; to provide4
2210 for punishment for failure to obey certain subpoenas; to prohibit disclosure of the issuance5
2311 of certain subpoenas during the pendency of an investigation; to amend Title 16 and Code6
2412 Sections 20-3-10, 36-80-23, and 38-3-40 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating7
2513 to crimes and offenses, sanctuary policies prohibited and penalty for violation, prohibition8
2614 on immigration sanctuary policies by local governmental entities, certification of compliance,9
2715 and punishment, and definitions relative to the Board of Homeland Security, respectively,10
2816 so as to repeal the definition of 'domestic terrorism'; to establish the crime of domestic11
2917 terrorism; to make conforming changes; to provide for related matters; to repeal conflicting12
3018 laws; and for other purposes.13
3119 BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:14
32-H. B. 161
33-- 1 - 25 HB 161/AP
34-PART I
35-15
20+- 1 - 25 LC 62 0177S
21+PART I15
3622 SECTION 1-1.16
3723 Article 1 of Chapter 3 of Title 35 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to17
3824 general provisions relative to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, is amended by revising18
3925 Code Section 35-3-4.1, relating to subpoena for production of electronic communication19
4026 service records for computer or electronic device used in furtherance of certain offenses20
4127 against minors, as follows:21
4228 "35-3-4.1.22
43-(a)(1) In any investigation of a violation of Code Section 16-12-100, 16-12-100.1,
44-23
29+(a)(1) In any investigation of a violation of Code Section 16-12-100, 16-12-100.1,23
4530 or 16-12-100.2 involving the use of a computer or an electronic device in furtherance of24
4631 an act related to a minor, or any investigation of a violation of Article 8 of Chapter 9 of25
4732 Title 16, the The director, assistant director of the bureau, or deputy director for26
4833 investigations of the bureau shall be authorized to issue a subpoena, with the consent of27
4934 the Attorney General, to compel the production of electronic communication service or28
5035 remote communication computing service records or other information pertaining to a29
5136 subscriber or customer of such service, exclusive of contents of communications, in any30
5237 investigation of a violation of:31
5338 (A) Code Section 16-12-100, 16-12-100.1, or 16-12-100.2 involving the use of a32
5439 computer or an electronic device in furtherance of an act related to a minor;33
5540 (B) Article 8 of Chapter 9 of Title 16; or34
5641 (C) Code Section 16-9-93, 16-10-28, 16-11-37, 16-11-39.1, or 16-11-221.35
5742 (2) A provider of electronic communication service or remote computing service shall36
5843 disclose to the bureau the following as relative to the subscriber or customer of such37
5944 service:38
6045 (A) Name;39
6146 (B) Address;40
62-H. B. 161
63-- 2 - 25 HB 161/AP
64-(C) Local and long distance telephone connection records, or records of session times
65-41
47+- 2 - 25 LC 62 0177S
48+(C) Local and long distance telephone connection records, or records of session times41
6649 and durations;42
6750 (D) Length of service, including the start date, and types of service utilized;43
6851 (E) Telephone or instrument number or other subscriber number or identity, including44
6952 any temporarily assigned network address; and45
7053 (F) Means and source of payment for such service, including any credit card or bank46
71-account number of a subscriber to or customer of such service
72-.47
54+account number of a subscriber to or customer of such service.47
7355 (3) A provider of electronic communication service or remote computing service shall48
7456 not provide notification of the subpoena issued pursuant to paragraph (1) of this49
7557 subsection to the subscriber or customer of such service.50
7658 (b) Upon failure of a person without lawful excuse to obey a subpoena, the director,51
7759 assistant director of the bureau, or the deputy director for investigations of the bureau,52
7860 through the Attorney General or district attorney, may apply to a superior court having53
7961 jurisdiction for an order compelling compliance. Such person may object to the subpoena54
8062 on grounds that it fails to comply with this Code section or upon any constitutional or other55
8163 legal right or privilege of such person. The court may issue an order modifying or setting56
8264 aside such subpoena or directing compliance with the original subpoena. Failure to obey57
8365 a subpoena issued under this Code section may be punished by the court as contempt of58
8466 court.59
8567 (c) The Attorney General may request that a natural person who refuses to produce60
8668 relevant matter included in a subpoena issued pursuant to this Code section on the ground61
8769 that the production of such records may incriminate such person be ordered by the court62
8870 to provide such records. With the exception of a prosecution for perjury, a natural person63
8971 who complies with the court order to provide such records asserting a privilege against64
9072 self-incrimination to which he or she is entitled by law shall not be prosecuted or subjected65
9173 to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter, or thing concerning66
9274 which he or she may testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise.67
93-H. B. 161
94-- 3 - 25 HB 161/AP
75+- 3 - 25 LC 62 0177S
9576 (d)(1) The issuance of a subpoena pursuant to this Code section shall not be made public68
9677 during any pending investigation or prosecution of criminal or unlawful activity beyond69
9778 the extent necessary for the issuance and compliance of the subpoena and compliance70
9879 with Chapter 16 of Title 17.71
9980 (2) Information obtained pursuant to a subpoena enforced by this Code section shall not72
10081 be made public or, except as authorized in paragraph (2)(3) of this subsection, disclosed73
10182 by the director of the bureau, assistant director, deputy director for investigations of the74
10283 bureau, or the director's employees beyond the extent necessary for the enforcement of75
10384 this Code section.76
10485 (2)(3) The director, assistant director of the bureau, deputy director for investigations of77
10586 the bureau, or the director's employees shall be authorized to provide to any federal, state,78
10687 or local law enforcement agency any information acquired under this Code section in79
10788 furtherance of a criminal investigation in violation of Code Section 16-12-100,80
10889 16-12-100.1, or 16-12-100.2.81
10990 (e) As used in this Code section, the terms 'electronic communication service' and 'remote82
11091 computing service' shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-9-92."83
11192 PART II84
11293 SECTION 2-1.85
11394 Title 16 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to crimes and offenses, is86
11495 amended in Code Section 16-11-220, relating to definitions relative to domestic terrorism,87
11596 as follows:88
11697 "16-11-220.89
11798 As used in this article, the term:90
11899 (1) 'Assassination' means the intentional killing of an elected public official by an91
119100 individual acting to prevent or retaliate for the performance of official duties or because92
120101 of the public position held by the official.93
121-H. B. 161
122-- 4 - 25 HB 161/AP
102+- 4 - 25 LC 62 0177S
123103 (2) 'Critical infrastructure' means publicly or privately owned facilities, systems,94
124104 functions, or assets, whether physical or virtual, providing or distributing services for the95
125105 benefit of the public, including, but not limited to, energy, fuel, water, agriculture, health96
126106 care, finance, communication, or any other vital public service.97
127107 (2) 'Domestic terrorism' means any felony violation of, or attempt to commit a felony98
128108 violation of the laws of this state which, as part of a single unlawful act or a series of99
129109 unlawful acts which are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics, is intended to cause100
130110 serious bodily harm, kill any individual or group of individuals, or disable or destroy101
131111 critical infrastructure, a state or government facility, or a public transportation system102
132112 when such disability or destruction results in major economic loss, and is intended to:103
133113 (A) Intimidate the civilian population of this state or any of its political subdivisions;104
134114 (B) Alter, change, or coerce the policy of the government of this state or any of its105
135115 political subdivisions by intimidation or coercion; or106
136116 (C) Affect the conduct of the government of this state or any of its political107
137117 subdivisions by use of destructive devices, assassination, or kidnapping.108
138118 (3) 'Public transportation system' means all facilities, conveyances, and instrumentalities,109
139119 whether publicly or privately owned, that are used in or for publicly available services110
140120 for the transportation of individuals or cargo.111
141121 (4) 'Serious bodily harm' means harm to the body of another by depriving him or her of112
142122 a member of his or her body, by rendering a member of his or her body useless, or by113
143123 seriously disfiguring his or her body or a member thereof.114
144124 (5) 'State or government facility' means any permanent or temporary facility or115
145125 conveyance that is used or occupied by representatives of this state or any of its political116
146126 subdivisions, by the legislature, by the judiciary, or by officials or employees of this state117
147127 or any of its political subdivisions.118
148128 (6) 'Vital public service' shall have the same meaning as provided in Code Section119
149129 16-7-22.120
150-H. B. 161
151-- 5 - 25 HB 161/AP
152-SECTION 2-2.
153-121
130+- 5 - 25 LC 62 0177S
131+SECTION 2-2.121
154132 Said title is further amended by revising Code Section 16-11-221, relating to penalties for122
155133 domestic terrorism, as follows:123
156134 "16-11-221.124
157-(a) A person commits the crime of domestic terrorism when he or she commits or attempts
158-125
135+(a) A person commits the crime of domestic terrorism when he or she commits or attempts125
159136 to commit a felony violation of the laws of this state which, as part of a single unlawful act126
160137 or a series of unlawful acts which are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics, is127
161138 intended to cause serious bodily harm, kill any individual or group of individuals, or128
162139 disable or destroy critical infrastructure, a state or government facility, or a public129
163140 transportation system when such disability or destruction results in major economic loss,130
164141 and is intended to:131
165142 (1) Intimidate the civilian population of this state or any of its political subdivisions;132
166143 (2) Alter, change, or coerce the policy of the government of this state or any of its133
167144 political subdivisions by intimidation or coercion; or 134
168145 (3) Affect the conduct of the government of this state or any of its political subdivisions135
169146 by use of destructive devices, assassination, or kidnapping.136
170147 (b) Any person who commits domestic terrorism shall be guilty of a felony and upon137
171148 conviction thereof shall be punished as follows:138
172149 (1) If death results to any individual, by death, by imprisonment for life without parole,139
173150 or by imprisonment for life;140
174151 (2) If kidnapping occurs, by imprisonment for not less than 15 nor more than 35 years,141
175152 or by imprisonment for life;142
176153 (3) If serious bodily harm occurs, by imprisonment for not less than 15 nor more than 35143
177154 years; or144
178155 (4) If critical infrastructure, a state or government facility, or a public transportation145
179156 system is disabled or destroyed, by imprisonment for not less than five nor more than 35146
180157 years.147
181-H. B. 161
182-- 6 - 25 HB 161/AP
158+- 6 - 25 LC 62 0177S
183159 (b)(c) No sentence imposed under this Code section shall be suspended, stayed, probated,148
184160 deferred, or withheld by the sentencing court; provided, however, that in the court's149
185161 discretion, the court may suspend, stay, probate, defer, or withhold part of such sentence150
186162 when the prosecuting attorney and the defendant have agreed to such sentence."151
187163 SECTION 2-3.152
188164 Said title is further amended in Code Section 16-14-3, relating to definitions relative to153
189165 racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations, by revising subparagraph (B) of paragraph154
190166 (4) as follows:155
191167 "(B) Engaging in any one or more acts of domestic terrorism as described in paragraph156
192168 (2) of Code Section 16-11-220 16-11-221 or any criminal attempt, criminal solicitation,157
193169 or criminal conspiracy related thereto."158
194170 SECTION 2-4.159
195171 Code Section 20-3-10 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to sanctuary160
196172 policies prohibited and penalty for violation, by revising paragraph (4) of subsection (a) as161
197173 follows:162
198174 "(4) 'Status information' means any information, not including any information required163
199175 by law to be kept confidential but otherwise including, but not limited to, any statement,164
200176 document, computer generated data, recording, or photograph, which is relevant to the165
201177 identity or location of an individual who is reasonably believed to be violating state or166
202178 federal laws, illegally residing within the United States, or who is reasonably believed to167
203179 be involved in domestic terrorism as that term is defined in Code Section 16-11-220 in168
204180 violation of Code Section 16-11-221 or a terroristic act as that term is defined by Code169
205181 Section 35-3-62."170
206-H. B. 161
207-- 7 - 25 HB 161/AP
208-SECTION 2-5.
209-171
182+- 7 - 25 LC 62 0177S
183+SECTION 2-5.171
210184 Code Section 36-80-23 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to prohibition on172
211185 immigration sanctuary policies by local governmental entities, certification of compliance,173
212186 and punishment, by revising paragraph (3) of subsection (a) as follows:174
213187 "(3) 'Immigration status information' means any information, not including any175
214-information required by law to be kept confidential but otherwise including,
215- but not176
188+information required by law to be kept confidential but otherwise including, but not176
216189 limited to, any statement, document, computer generated data, recording, or photograph,177
217190 which is relevant to immigration status or the identity or location of an individual who178
218191 is reasonably believed to be illegally residing within the United States or who is179
219192 reasonably believed to be involved in domestic terrorism as that term is defined in Code180
220193 Section 16-11-220 in violation of Code Section 16-11-221 or a terroristic act as that term181
221194 is defined by Code Section 35-3-62."182
222195 SECTION 2-6.183
223196 Code Section 38-3-40 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to definitions184
224197 relative to the Board of Homeland Security, by revising paragraph (4) as follows:185
225198 "(4) 'Domestic terrorism' shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section186
226199 16-11-220.means an offense of Code Section 16-11-221."187
227200 PART III188
228201 SECTION 3-1.189
229202 All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.190
230-H. B. 161
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