| 47 | | - | SECTION 1. The legislature finds that the State's ambitious and ground-breaking efforts to address climate change have overlooked aviation fuel and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Air transportation accounts for one-third of Hawaii's petroleum use, more than any other sector, according to the State Energy Office's 2018 statistics. Unsurprisingly, air travel is one of the largest sources of the State's greenhouse gas emissions. Since the State of Hawaii is largely accessed through air travel, the carbon emissions accumulated from the burning of jet fuel needs greater consideration to achieve the State's commitment to reducing the State's contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2018 report concluded that Hawaii has less than fifteen years to address permanent climate change and sea level rise that is associated with a high level of disruption to the islands of Hawaii. The establishment of a carbon tax on aviation fuel is a necessary action in climate change mitigation and acquiring the funds to address the future issues associated with climate change. The establishment of a carbon tax on aviation fuel shall not be construed to interfere with the air transportation industry but rather as a means to help the industry serving Hawaii meet the mandate set for international commercial aviation by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Under the Carbon and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, airlines are mandated to reduce aviation greenhouse gas emissions to fifty per cent below 2005 levels by 2050. The legislature further finds that the establishment of a state carbon tax on aviation fuel will allow for the development of sustainable aviation fuel capability in Hawaii. This development has the potential to reduce the State's dependence on foreign sources of fuel, promote economic development, reduce carbon emissions from the two highest emitting sectors, improve the overall environmental sustainability in Hawaii, and demonstrate the State's continued leadership in actions to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The legislature notes that the reputation of Hawaii's airports is abysmal. Travelers regularly rank the State's airports at the bottom. The J.D. Power 2019 North America Airport Satisfaction Study reported that Honolulu's airport ranked the third worst in North America for customer satisfaction and the second worst among large airports in its annual survey of air passengers. The Kahului airport was also at the bottom of the list in the midsize-airport category. The department of transportation may also use revenue collected under a carbon tax to upgrade and improve the State's airports. The purpose of this Act is to establish a carbon tax on aviation fuel to continue the State's leadership in global greenhouse gas emission reduction actions. All tax revenue from the carbon tax will be collected under chapter 243, as it pertains to jet fuel, to be set aside in the airport revenue fund. SECTION 2. Chapter 235, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§235- Tax credit to mitigate the effect of a carbon emissions tax on lower income taxpayers. (a) There shall be allowed to each qualified taxpayer subject to the tax imposed under this chapter, an income tax credit that shall be deductible from the taxpayer's net income tax liability, if any, imposed by this chapter for the taxable year in which the credit is properly claimed. (b) The amount of the tax credit shall be determined as follows: (1) For taxpayers filing as single, the applicable tax credit is determined by which bracket in the following table a taxpayer's gross income falls within: Gross Income Credit Amount $60,000 or less but more than $50,000 $50 $50,000 or less but more than $40,000 $100 $40,000 or less but more than $30,000 $150 $30,000 or less but more than $20,000 $200 $20,000 or less $250; and (2) For taxpayers filing as head of household, married but filing separately, or married filing jointly, the applicable tax credit is determined by which bracket in the following table a taxpayer's gross income falls within: Gross Income Credit Amount $75,000 or less, but more than $60,000 $100 $60,000 or less, but more than $40,000 $200 $40,000 or less, but more than $30,000 $300 $30,000 or less, but more than $20,000 $400 $20,000 or less $500. (c) If the tax credit claimed by the taxpayer under this section exceeds the amount of the income tax payments due from the taxpayer, the excess of credit over payments due shall be refunded to the taxpayer; provided that the tax credit properly claimed by a taxpayer who has no income tax liability shall be paid to the taxpayer; provided further that no refunds or payments on account of the tax credit allowed by this section shall be made for amounts less than $1. All claims for the tax credit under this section, including amended claims, shall be filed on or before the end of the twelfth month following the close of the taxable year for which the credit may be claimed. Failure to comply with the foregoing provision shall constitute a waiver of the right to claim the credit. (d) The director of taxation: (1) Shall prepare any forms that may be necessary to claim a tax credit under this section; (2) May require the taxpayer to furnish reasonable information to ascertain the validity of the claim for the tax credit made under this section; and (3) May adopt rules under chapter 91 necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section. (e) All of the provisions relating to assessments and refunds under this chapter and under section 231-23(c)(1) shall apply to the tax credit under this section. (f) As used in this section, "qualified taxpayer" means a resident taxpayer who meets the following criteria: (1) The taxpayer files an individual income tax return, whether as a single taxpayer, a head of household, a married individual filing a separate return, or a married couple filing a joint return; and (2) The taxpayer has a gross income within the ranges listed in subsection (b)(1) or (2), as applicable." SECTION 3. Chapter 243, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§243- Carbon emissions tax on aviation fuel. (a) In addition to any other taxes provided by law, there is hereby imposed a state carbon emissions tax of $6.25 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions on all aviation fuel sold by a distributor to any retail dealer or end user of the fuel, other than a refiner. The tax shall be paid by the distributor of the fuel. The tax shall be $0.0522 per gallon; provided that the tax shall increase annually based on the United States Energy Information Administration's determination of carbon dioxide emissions per energy source. The department of taxation shall post the annual rate by December 15 of the year prior. (b) Each distributor subject to the tax imposed by this section, on or before the last day of each calendar month, shall file with the director, on forms prescribed, prepared, and furnished by the director, a return statement of the tax under this section for which the distributor is liable for the preceding month. The form and payment of the tax shall be transmitted to the department of taxation in the appropriate district. (c) The tax collected under this section shall be paid over to the director of finance for deposit as provided in section 248-8. (d) Every distributor shall keep in the State and preserve for five years a record in a form as the department of taxation shall prescribe showing the total number of aviation fuel sold by the distributor during any calendar month. The record shall show any other data and figures relevant to the enforcement and administration of this chapter as the department of taxation may require." SECTION 4. Section 261-5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: "(a) Except for: (1) All proceeds from the passenger facility charge and deposited in the passenger facility charge special fund; and (2) All proceeds from the rental motor vehicle customer facility charge and deposited in the rental motor vehicle customer facility charge special fund, all moneys received by the department from rents, fees, and other charges collected pursuant to this chapter, as well as all aviation fuel taxes paid pursuant to [section] sections 243‑4(a)(2)[,] and 243- shall be paid into the airport revenue fund created by section 248-8. All moneys paid into the airport revenue fund shall be appropriated, applied, or expended by the department for any purpose within the jurisdiction, powers, duties, and functions of the department related to the statewide system of airports, including, without limitation, the costs of operation, maintenance, and repair of the statewide system of airports and reserves therefor, and acquisitions (including real property and interests therein), constructions, additions, expansions, improvements, renewals, replacements, reconstruction, engineering, investigation, and planning for the statewide system of airports, all or any of which in the judgment of the department are necessary to the performance of its duties or functions. The department shall generate sufficient revenues from its airport properties to meet all of the expenditures of the statewide system of airports and to comply with section 39-61; provided that as long as sufficient revenues are generated to meet such expenditures, the director of transportation may, in the director's discretion, grant a rebate of the aviation fuel taxes paid into the airport revenue fund during a fiscal year pursuant to sections 243-4(a)(2) and 248-8 to any person who has paid airport use charges or landing fees during such fiscal year. Such rebate may be granted during the next succeeding fiscal year but shall not exceed one-half cent per gallon per person, and shall be computed on the total number of gallons for which the tax was paid by such person, for such fiscal year." SECTION 5. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect on January 1, 2050. |
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| 47 | + | SECTION 1. The legislature finds that the State's ambitious and ground-breaking efforts to address climate change have overlooked aviation fuel and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Air transportation accounts for one-third of Hawaii's petroleum use, more than any other sector, according to the State Energy Office's 2018 statistics. Unsurprisingly, air travel is one of the largest sources of the State's greenhouse gas emissions. Since the State of Hawaii is largely accessed through air travel, the carbon emissions accumulated from the burning of jet fuel needs greater consideration to achieve the State's commitment to reducing the State's contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2018 report concluded that Hawaii has less than fifteen years to address permanent climate change and sea level rise that is associated with a high level of disruption to the islands of Hawaii. The establishment of a carbon tax on aviation fuel is a necessary action in climate change mitigation and acquiring the funds to address the future issues associated with climate change. The establishment of a carbon tax on aviation fuel shall not be construed to interfere with the air transportation industry but rather as a means to help the industry serving Hawaii meet the mandate set for international commercial aviation by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Under the Carbon and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, airlines are mandated to reduce aviation greenhouse gas emissions to fifty per cent below 2005 levels by 2050. The legislature further finds that the establishment of a state carbon tax on aviation fuel will allow for the development of sustainable aviation fuel capability in Hawaii. This development has the potential to reduce the State's dependence on foreign sources of fuel, promote economic development, reduce carbon emissions from the two highest emitting sectors, improve the overall environmental sustainability in Hawaii, and demonstrate the State's continued leadership in actions to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The legislature notes that the reputation of Hawaii's airports is abysmal. Travelers regularly rank the State's airports at the bottom. The J.D. Power 2019 North America Airport Satisfaction Study reported that Honolulu's airport ranked the third worst in North America for customer satisfaction and the second worst among large airports in its annual survey of air passengers. The Kahului airport was also at the bottom of the list in the midsize-airport category. The department of transportation may also use revenue collected under a carbon tax to upgrade and improve the State's airports. The purpose of this Act is to establish a carbon tax on aviation fuel to continue the State's leadership in global greenhouse gas emission reduction actions. All tax revenue from the carbon tax will be collected under chapter 243, as it pertains to jet fuel, to be set aside in the airport revenue fund. SECTION 2. Chapter 235, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§235- Tax credit to mitigate the effect of a carbon emissions tax on lower income taxpayers. (a) There shall be allowed to each qualified taxpayer subject to the tax imposed under this chapter, an income tax credit that shall be deductible from the taxpayer's net income tax liability, if any, imposed by this chapter for the taxable year in which the credit is properly claimed. (b) The amount of the tax credit shall be determined as follows: (1) For taxpayers filing as single, the applicable tax credit is determined by which bracket in the following table a taxpayer's gross income falls within: Gross Income Credit Amount $60,000 or less but more than $50,000 $50 $50,000 or less but more than $40,000 $100 $40,000 or less but more than $30,000 $150 $30,000 or less but more than $20,000 $200 $20,000 or less $250; and (2) For taxpayers filing as head of household, married but filing separately, or married filing jointly, the applicable tax credit is determined by which bracket in the following table a taxpayer's gross income falls within: Gross Income Credit Amount $75,000 or less, but more than $60,000 $100 $60,000 or less, but more than $40,000 $200 $40,000 or less, but more than $30,000 $300 $30,000 or less, but more than $20,000 $400 $20,000 or less $500. (c) If the tax credit claimed by the taxpayer under this section exceeds the amount of the income tax payments due from the taxpayer, the excess of credit over payments due shall be refunded to the taxpayer; provided that the tax credit properly claimed by a taxpayer who has no income tax liability shall be paid to the taxpayer; provided further that no refunds or payments on account of the tax credit allowed by this section shall be made for amounts less than $1. All claims for the tax credit under this section, including amended claims, shall be filed on or before the end of the twelfth month following the close of the taxable year for which the credit may be claimed. Failure to comply with the foregoing provision shall constitute a waiver of the right to claim the credit. (d) The director of taxation: (1) Shall prepare any forms that may be necessary to claim a tax credit under this section; (2) May require the taxpayer to furnish reasonable information to ascertain the validity of the claim for the tax credit made under this section; and (3) May adopt rules under chapter 91 necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section. (e) All of the provisions relating to assessments and refunds under this chapter and under section 231-23(c)(1) shall apply to the tax credit under this section. (f) As used in this section, "qualified taxpayer" means a resident taxpayer who meets the following criteria: (1) The taxpayer files an individual income tax return, whether as a single taxpayer, a head of household, a married individual filing a separate return, or a married couple filing a joint return; and (2) The taxpayer has a gross income within the ranges listed in subsection (b)(1) or (2), as applicable." SECTION 3. Chapter 243, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§243- Carbon emissions tax on aviation fuel. (a) In addition to any other taxes provided by law, there is hereby imposed a state carbon emissions tax of $6.25 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions on all aviation fuel sold by a distributor to any retail dealer or end user of the fuel, other than a refiner. The tax shall be paid by the distributor of the fuel. The tax shall be $0.0522 per gallon; provided that the tax shall increase annually based on the United States Energy Information Administration's determination of carbon dioxide emissions per energy source. The department of taxation shall post the annual rate by December 15 of the year prior. (b) Each distributor subject to the tax imposed by this section, on or before the last day of each calendar month, shall file with the director, on forms prescribed, prepared, and furnished by the director, a return statement of the tax under this section for which the distributor is liable for the preceding month. The form and payment of the tax shall be transmitted to the department of taxation in the appropriate district. (c) The tax collected under this section shall be paid over to the director of finance for deposit as provided in section 248-8. (d) Every distributor shall keep in the State and preserve for five years a record in a form as the department of taxation shall prescribe showing the total number of aviation fuel sold by the distributor during any calendar month. The record shall show any other data and figures relevant to the enforcement and administration of this chapter as the department of taxation may require." SECTION 4. Section 261-5, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: "(a) Except for: (1) All proceeds from the passenger facility charge and deposited in the passenger facility charge special fund; and (2) All proceeds from the rental motor vehicle customer facility charge and deposited in the rental motor vehicle customer facility charge special fund, all moneys received by the department from rents, fees, and other charges collected pursuant to this chapter, as well as all aviation fuel taxes paid pursuant to [section] sections 243‑4(a)(2)[,] and 243- shall be paid into the airport revenue fund created by section 248-8. All moneys paid into the airport revenue fund shall be appropriated, applied, or expended by the department for any purpose within the jurisdiction, powers, duties, and functions of the department related to the statewide system of airports, including, without limitation, the costs of operation, maintenance, and repair of the statewide system of airports and reserves therefor, and acquisitions (including real property and interests therein), constructions, additions, expansions, improvements, renewals, replacements, reconstruction, engineering, investigation, and planning for the statewide system of airports, all or any of which in the judgment of the department are necessary to the performance of its duties or functions. The department shall generate sufficient revenues from its airport properties to meet all of the expenditures of the statewide system of airports and to comply with section 39-61; provided that as long as sufficient revenues are generated to meet such expenditures, the director of transportation may, in the director's discretion, grant a rebate of the aviation fuel taxes paid into the airport revenue fund during a fiscal year pursuant to sections 243-4(a)(2) and 248-8 to any person who has paid airport use charges or landing fees during such fiscal year. Such rebate may be granted during the next succeeding fiscal year but shall not exceed one-half cent per gallon per person, and shall be computed on the total number of gallons for which the tax was paid by such person, for such fiscal year." SECTION 5. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________ |
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