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Kansas House Bill HB2385

Kansas 2023-2024 Regular Session

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11 Session of 2023
22 HOUSE BILL No. 2385
33 By Committee on Corrections and Juvenile Justice
44 2-9
55 AN ACT concerning crimes, punishment and criminal procedure; relating
66 to presumptions; modifying the rules of evidence to provide rules for
77 presumptions and inferences; replacing the rebuttable presumption of
88 intent to distribute controlled substances with a permissive inference;
99 amending K.S.A. 60-416 and K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5705 and repealing
1010 the existing sections.
1111 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas:
1212 Section 1. K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5705 is hereby amended to read as
1313 follows: 21-5705. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to distribute or
1414 possess with the intent to distribute any of the following controlled
1515 substances or controlled substance analogs thereof:
1616 (1) Opiates, opium or narcotic drugs, or any stimulant designated in
1717 subsection (d)(1), (d)(3) or (f)(1) of K.S.A. 65-4107(d)(1), (d)(3) or (f)(1),
1818 and amendments thereto;
1919 (2) any depressant designated in subsection (e) of K.S.A. 65-4105(e),
2020 subsection (e) of K.S.A. 65-4107(e), subsection (b) or (c) of K.S.A. 65-
2121 4109(b) or (c) or subsection (b) of K.S.A. 65-4111(b), and amendments
2222 thereto;
2323 (3) any stimulant designated in subsection (f) of K.S.A. 65-4105(f),
2424 subsection (d)(2), (d)(4), (d)(5) or (f)(2) of K.S.A. 65-4107(d)(2), (d)(4),
2525 (d)(5) or (f)(2) or subsection (e) of K.S.A. 65-4109(e), and amendments
2626 thereto;
2727 (4) any hallucinogenic drug designated in subsection (d) of K.S.A.
2828 65-4105(d), subsection (g) of K.S.A. 65-4107(g) or subsection (g) of
2929 K.S.A. 65-4109(g), and amendments thereto;
3030 (5) any substance designated in subsection (g) of K.S.A. 65-4105(g)
3131 and subsection (c), (d), (e), (f) or (g) of K.S.A. or 65-4111(c), (d), (e), (f)
3232 or (g), and amendments thereto;
3333 (6) any anabolic steroids as defined in subsection (f) of K.S.A. 65-
3434 4109(f), and amendments thereto; or
3535 (7) any substance designated in subsection (h) of K.S.A. 65-4105(h),
3636 and amendments thereto.
3737 (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to distribute or possess with
3838 the intent to distribute a controlled substance or a controlled substance
3939 analog designated in K.S.A. 65-4113, and amendments thereto.
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7676 (c) It shall be unlawful for any person to cultivate any controlled
7777 substance or controlled substance analog listed in subsection (a).
7878 (d) (1) Except as provided further, violation of subsection (a) is a:
7979 (A) Drug severity level 4 felony if the quantity of the material was
8080 less than 3.5 grams;
8181 (B) drug severity level 3 felony if the quantity of the material was at
8282 least 3.5 grams but less than 100 grams;
8383 (C) drug severity level 2 felony if the quantity of the material was at
8484 least 100 grams but less than 1 kilogram; and
8585 (D) drug severity level 1 felony if the quantity of the material was 1
8686 kilogram or more.
8787 (2) Violation of subsection (a) with respect to material containing any
8888 quantity of marijuana, or an analog thereof, is a:
8989 (A) Drug severity level 4 felony if the quantity of the material was
9090 less than 25 grams;
9191 (B) drug severity level 3 felony if the quantity of the material was at
9292 least 25 grams but less than 450 grams;
9393 (C) drug severity level 2 felony if the quantity of the material was at
9494 least 450 grams but less than 30 kilograms; and
9595 (D) drug severity level 1 felony if the quantity of the material was 30
9696 kilograms or more.
9797 (3) Violation of subsection (a) with respect to material containing any
9898 quantity of heroin, as defined by subsection (c)(1) of K.S.A. 65-4105, and
9999 amendments thereto, or methamphetamine, as defined by subsection (d)(3)
100100 or (f)(1) of K.S.A. 65-4107, and amendments thereto, or an analog thereof,
101101 is a:
102102 (A) Drug severity level 4 felony if the quantity of the material was
103103 less than 1 gram;
104104 (B) drug severity level 3 felony if the quantity of the material was at
105105 least 1 gram but less than 3.5 grams;
106106 (C) drug severity level 2 felony if the quantity of the material was at
107107 least 3.5 grams but less than 100 grams; and
108108 (D) drug severity level 1 felony if the quantity of the material was
109109 100 grams or more.
110110 (4) Violation of subsection (a) with respect to material containing any
111111 quantity of a controlled substance designated in K.S.A. 65-4105, 65-4107,
112112 65-4109 or 65-4111, and amendments thereto, or an analog thereof,
113113 distributed by dosage unit, is a:
114114 (A) Drug severity level 4 felony if the number of dosage units was
115115 fewer than 10;
116116 (B) drug severity level 3 felony if the number of dosage units was at
117117 least 10 but less than 100;
118118 (C) drug severity level 2 felony if the number of dosage units was at
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162162 least 100 but less than 1,000; and
163163 (D) drug severity level 1 felony if the number of dosage units was
164164 1,000 or more.
165165 (5) For any violation of subsection (a), the severity level of the
166166 offense shall be increased one level if the controlled substance or
167167 controlled substance analog was distributed or possessed with the intent to
168168 distribute on or within 1,000 feet of any school property.
169169 (6) Violation of subsection (b) is a:
170170 (A) Class A person misdemeanor, except as provided in subsection
171171 (d)(6)(B); and
172172 (B) nondrug severity level 7, person felony if the substance was
173173 distributed to or possessed with the intent to distribute to a minor.
174174 (7) Violation of subsection (c) is a:
175175 (A) Drug severity level 3 felony if the number of plants cultivated
176176 was more than 4 but fewer than 50;
177177 (B) drug severity level 2 felony if the number of plants cultivated was
178178 at least 50 but fewer than 100; and
179179 (C) drug severity level 1 felony if the number of plants cultivated was
180180 100 or more.
181181 (e) In any prosecution under this section, there shall be a rebuttable
182182 presumption an inference of an intent to distribute if any such an inference
183183 is supported by the facts and such person possesses the following
184184 quantities of controlled substances or analogs thereof:
185185 (1) 450 grams or more of marijuana;
186186 (2) 3.5 grams or more of heroin or methamphetamine;
187187 (3) 100 dosage units or more containing a controlled substance; or
188188 (4) 100 grams or more of any other controlled substance.
189189 (f) It shall not be a defense to charges arising under this section that
190190 the defendant:
191191 (1) Was acting in an agency relationship on behalf of any other party
192192 in a transaction involving a controlled substance or controlled substance
193193 analog;
194194 (2) did not know the quantity of the controlled substance or
195195 controlled substance analog; or
196196 (3) did not know the specific controlled substance or controlled
197197 substance analog contained in the material that was distributed or
198198 possessed with the intent to distribute.
199199 (g) As used in this section:
200200 (1) "Material" means the total amount of any substance, including a
201201 compound or a mixture, which contains any quantity of a controlled
202202 substance or controlled substance analog.
203203 (2) "Dosage unit" means a controlled substance or controlled
204204 substance analog distributed or possessed with the intent to distribute as a
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248248 discrete unit, including but not limited to, one pill, one capsule or one
249249 microdot, and not distributed by weight.
250250 (A) For steroids, or controlled substances in liquid solution legally
251251 manufactured for prescription use, or an analog thereof, "dosage unit"
252252 means the smallest medically approved dosage unit, as determined by the
253253 label, materials provided by the manufacturer, a prescribing authority,
254254 licensed health care professional or other qualified health authority.
255255 (B) For illegally manufactured controlled substances in liquid
256256 solution, or controlled substances in liquid products not intended for
257257 ingestion by human beings, or an analog thereof, "dosage unit" means 10
258258 milligrams, including the liquid carrier medium, except as provided in
259259 subsection (g)(2)(C).
260260 (C) For lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in liquid form, or an analog
261261 thereof, a dosage unit is defined as 0.4 milligrams, including the liquid
262262 medium.
263263 Sec. 2. K.S.A. 60-416 is hereby amended to read as follows: 60-416.
264264 (a) A presumption, which by a rule of law may be overcome only by proof
265265 beyond a reasonable doubt, or by clear and convincing evidence, shall not
266266 be affected by K.S.A. 60-414 or 60-415, and amendments thereto, and the
267267 burden of proof to overcome it continues on the party against whom the
268268 presumption operates.
269269 (b) (1) In a criminal case, any presumption or inference against the
270270 defendant created by statute or common law, including, but not limited to,
271271 a presumption or inference that certain facts are prima facie evidence of
272272 another fact or of guilt, is permissive. The trier of fact may accept or
273273 reject the presumption or inference in each case, and the judge shall not
274274 direct the jury to find a fact against the defendant. The judge may instruct
275275 the jury on the presumption or inference only if the presumption or
276276 inference is supported by the facts.
277277 (2) When the judge instructs the jury on a presumption or inference
278278 against the defendant, the judge shall instruct the jury that:
279279 (A) The jury may consider the presumption or inference along with
280280 all other evidence in the case;
281281 (B) the jury may accept or reject the presumption or inference in
282282 determining whether the prosecution has met the burden of proof; and
283283 (C) the burden of proof never shifts to the defendant.
284284 Sec. 3. K.S.A. 60-416 and K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5705 are hereby
285285 repealed.
286286 Sec. 4. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its
287287 publication in the statute book.
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