Kansas 2023-2024 Regular Session

Kansas House Bill HB2398 Compare Versions

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1	1	Session of 2023
2	2	HOUSE BILL No. 2398
3	3	By Committee on Corrections and Juvenile Justice
4	4	2-10
5	5	AN ACT concerning crimes, punishment and criminal procedure; relating
6	6	to crimes involving controlled substances; adding the placing of
7	7	controlled substances into pills into the definition of manufacture;
8	8	increasing the criminal penalties for manufacturing fentanyl-related
9	9	controlled substance; creating a special sentencing rule for distributing
10	10	fentanyl-related controlled substance; amending K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-
11	11	5701, 21-5703 and 21-6805 and repealing the existing sections; also
12	12	repealing K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5701b.
13	13	Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas:
14	14	Section 1. K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5701 is hereby amended to read as
15	15	follows: 21-5701. As used in K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5701 through 21-
16	16	5717, and amendments thereto:
17	17	(a) "Controlled substance" means any drug, substance or immediate
18	18	precursor included in any of the schedules designated in K.S.A. 65-4105,
19	19	65-4107, 65-4109, 65-4111 and 65-4113, and amendments thereto.
20	20	(b) (1) "Controlled substance analog" means a substance that is
21	21	intended for human consumption, and at least one of the following:
22	22	(A) The chemical structure of the substance is substantially similar to
23	23	the chemical structure of a controlled substance listed in or added to the
24	24	schedules designated in K.S.A. 65-4105 or 65-4107, and amendments
25	25	thereto;
26	26	(B) the substance has a stimulant, depressant or hallucinogenic effect
27	27	on the central nervous system substantially similar to the stimulant,
28	28	depressant or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a
29	29	controlled substance included in the schedules designated in K.S.A. 65-
30	30	4105 or 65-4107, and amendments thereto; or
31	31	(C) with respect to a particular individual, such individual represents
32	32	or intends the substance to have a stimulant, depressant or hallucinogenic
33	33	effect on the central nervous system substantially similar to the stimulant,
34	34	depressant or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a
35	35	controlled substance included in the schedules designated in K.S.A. 65-
36	36	4105 or 65-4107, and amendments thereto.
37	37	(2) "Controlled substance analog" does not include:
38	38	(A) A controlled substance;
39	39	(B) a substance for which there is an approved new drug application;
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76	76	or
77	77	(C) a substance with respect to which an exemption is in effect for
78	78	investigational use by a particular person under section 505 of the federal
79	79	food, drug, and cosmetic act, 21 U.S.C. § 355, to the extent conduct with
80	80	respect to the substance is permitted by the exemption.
81	81	(c) "Cultivate" means the planting or promotion of growth of five or
82	82	more plants that contain or can produce controlled substances.
83	83	(d) "Distribute" means the actual, constructive or attempted transfer
84	84	from one person to another of some item whether or not there is an agency
85	85	relationship. "Distribute" includes, but is not limited to, sale, offer for sale
86	86	or any act that causes some item to be transferred from one person to
87	87	another. "Distribute" does not include acts of administering, dispensing or
88	88	prescribing a controlled substance as authorized by the pharmacy act of the
89	89	state of Kansas, the uniform controlled substances act or otherwise
90	90	authorized by law.
91	91	(e) (1) "Drug" means:
92	92	(A) Substances recognized as drugs in the official United States
93	93	pharmacopeia, official homeopathic pharmacopoeia of the United States or
94	94	official national formulary or any supplement to any of them;
95	95	(B) substances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
96	96	treatment or prevention of disease in humans or animals;
97	97	(C) substances, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any
98	98	function of the body of humans or animals; and
99	99	(D) substances intended for use as a component of any article
100	100	specified in subparagraph (A), (B) or (C).
101	101	(2) "Drug" does not include devices or their components, parts or
102	102	accessories.
103	103	(f) (1) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment and materials of
104	104	any kind that are used, or primarily intended or designed for use in
105	105	planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing,
106	106	compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing,
107	107	analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing,
108	108	injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body
109	109	a controlled substance and in violation of this act. "Drug paraphernalia"
110	110	shall include, but is not limited to:
111	111	(1)(A) Kits used or intended for use in planting, propagating,
112	112	cultivating, growing or harvesting any species of plant that is a controlled
113	113	substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
114	114	(2)(B) kits used or intended for use in manufacturing, compounding,
115	115	converting, producing, processing or preparing controlled substances;
116	116	(3)(C) isomerization devices used or intended for use in increasing
117	117	the potency of any species of plant that is a controlled substance;
118	118	(4)(D) testing equipment used or intended for use in identifying or in
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162	162	analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances;
163	163	(5)(E) scales and balances used or intended for use in weighing or
164	164	measuring controlled substances;
165	165	(6)(F) diluents and adulterants, including, but not limited to, quinine
166	166	hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose that are used or
167	167	intended for use in cutting controlled substances;
168	168	(7)(G) separation gins and sifters used or intended for use in
169	169	removing twigs and seeds from or otherwise cleaning or refining
170	170	marijuana;
171	171	(8)(H) blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used
172	172	or intended for use in compounding controlled substances;
173	173	(9)(I) capsules, balloons, envelopes, bags and other containers used
174	174	or intended for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
175	175	(10)(J) containers and other objects used or intended for use in
176	176	storing or concealing controlled substances;
177	177	(11)(K) hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used or
178	178	intended for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the
179	179	human body;
180	180	(12)(L) objects used or primarily intended or designed for use in
181	181	ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish,
182	182	hashish oil, phencyclidine (PCP), methamphetamine or amphetamine into
183	183	the human body, such as:
184	184	(A)(i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes
185	185	with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured
186	186	metal bowls;
187	187	(B)(ii) water pipes, bongs or smoking pipes designed to draw smoke
188	188	through water or another cooling device;
189	189	(C)(iii) carburetion pipes, glass or other heat resistant heat-resistant
190	190	tubes or any other device used, intended to be used or designed to be used
191	191	to cause vaporization of a controlled substance for inhalation;
192	192	(D)(iv) smoking and carburetion masks;
193	193	(E)(v) roach clips, objects used to hold burning material, such as a
194	194	marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in
195	195	the hand;
196	196	(F)(vi) miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
197	197	(G)(vii) chamber smoking pipes;
198	198	(H)(viii) carburetor smoking pipes;
199	199	(I)(ix) electric smoking pipes;
200	200	(J)(x) air-driven smoking pipes;
201	201	(K)(xi) chillums;
202	202	(L)(xii) bongs;
203	203	(M)(xiii) ice pipes or chillers;
204	204	(N)(xiv) any smoking pipe manufactured to disguise its intended
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248	248	purpose;
249	249	(O)(xv) wired cigarette papers; or
250	250	(P)(xvi) cocaine freebase kits.
251	251	(2) "Drug paraphernalia" shall does not include any products,
252	252	chemicals or materials described in K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5709(a), and
253	253	amendments thereto.
254	254	(g) "Fentanyl-related controlled substance" means any substance
255	255	designated in K.S.A. 65-4105(b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(4), (b)(10), (b)(11), (b)(14),
256	256	(b)(15), (b)(16), (b)(20), (b)(22), (b)(23), (b)(24), (b)(37), (b)(41), (b)(45),
257	257	(b)(46), (b)(47), (b)(49), (b)(57), (b)(58), (b)(59), (b)(60), (b)(61), (b)(62),
258	258	(b)(73), (b)(74), (b)(78), (g)(1) or (g)(2) or 65-4107(c)(1), (c)(6), (c)(9),
259	259	(c)(26), (c)(28), (c)(30), (f)(3)(A) or (f)(3)(B), and amendments thereto, or
260	260	any analog thereof.
261	261	(h) "Immediate precursor" means a substance that the state board of
262	262	pharmacy has found to be and by rules and regulations designates as being
263	263	the principal compound commonly used or produced primarily for use and
264	264	that is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be used in the
265	265	manufacture of a controlled substance, the control of which is necessary to
266	266	prevent, curtail or limit manufacture.
267	267	(h)(i) "Isomer" means all enantiomers and diastereomers.
268	268	(i)(j) "Manufacture" means the production, preparation, propagation,
269	269	compounding, conversion or processing of or placing into pill or capsule
270	270	form a controlled substance either directly or indirectly or by extraction
271	271	from substances of natural origin or independently by means of chemical
272	272	synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis.
273	273	"Manufacture" does not include:
274	274	(1) The preparation or compounding of a controlled substance by an
275	275	individual for the individual's own lawful use or the preparation,
276	276	compounding, packaging or labeling of a controlled substance:
277	277	(A) By a practitioner or the practitioner's agent pursuant to a lawful
278	278	order of a practitioner as an incident to the practitioner's administering or
279	279	dispensing of a controlled substance in the course of the practitioner's
280	280	professional practice; or
281	281	(B) by a practitioner or by the practitioner's authorized agent under
282	282	such practitioner's supervision for the purpose of or as an incident to
283	283	research, teaching or chemical analysis or by a pharmacist or medical care
284	284	facility as an incident to dispensing of a controlled substance; or
285	285	(2) the addition of diluents or adulterants, including, but not limited
286	286	to, quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose or lactose that are
287	287	intended for use in cutting a controlled substance.
288	288	(j)(k) "Marijuana" means all parts of all varieties of the plant
289	289	Cannabis whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, the resin extracted
290	290	from any part of the plant and every compound, manufacture, salt,
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334	334	derivative, mixture or preparation of the plant, its seeds or resin.
335	335	"Marijuana" does not include:
336	336	(1) The mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from the stalks, oil
337	337	or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other compound,
338	338	manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of the mature stalks,
339	339	except the resin extracted therefrom, fiber, oil or cake or the sterilized seed
340	340	of the plant that is incapable of germination;
341	341	(2) any substance listed in schedules II through V of the uniform
342	342	controlled substances act;
343	343	(3) drug products approved by the United States food and drug
344	344	administration as of the effective date of this act;
345	345	(4) cannabidiol (other trade name: 2-[(3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-
346	346	2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol); or
347	347	(5) industrial hemp as defined in K.S.A. 2-3901, and amendments
348	348	thereto, when cultivated, produced, possessed or used for activities
349	349	authorized by the commercial industrial hemp act.
350	350	(k)(l) "Minor" means a person under 18 years of age.
351	351	(l)(m) "Narcotic drug" means any of the following whether produced
352	352	directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin or
353	353	independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of
354	354	extraction and chemical synthesis:
355	355	(1) Opium and opiate and any salt, compound, derivative or
356	356	preparation of opium or opiate;
357	357	(2) any salt, compound, isomer, derivative or preparation thereof that
358	358	is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to
359	359	in paragraph (1) but not including the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium;
360	360	(3) opium poppy and poppy straw;
361	361	(4) coca leaves and any salt, compound, derivative or preparation of
362	362	coca leaves and any salt, compound, isomer, derivative or preparation
363	363	thereof that is chemically equivalent or identical with any of these
364	364	substances, but not including decocainized coca leaves or extractions of
365	365	coca leaves that do not contain cocaine or ecgonine.
366	366	(m)(n) "Opiate" means any substance having an addiction-forming or
367	367	addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of
368	368	conversion into a drug having addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining
369	369	liability. "Opiate" does not include, unless specifically designated as
370	370	controlled under K.S.A. 65-4102, and amendments thereto, the
371	371	dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-n-methylmorphinan and its salts
372	372	(dextromethorphan). "Opiate" does include its racemic and levorotatory
373	373	forms.
374	374	(n)(o) "Opium poppy" means the plant of the species Papaver
375	375	somniferum l. except its seeds.
376	376	(o)(p) "Person" means an individual, corporation, government or
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420	420	governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust,
421	421	partnership, association or any other legal entity.
422	422	(p)(q) "Poppy straw" means all parts, except the seeds, of the opium
423	423	poppy, after mowing.
424	424	(q) "Possession" means having joint or exclusive control over an item
425	425	with knowledge of and intent to have such control or knowingly keeping
426	426	some item in a place where the person has some measure of access and
427	427	right of control.
428	428	(r) "School property" means property upon which is located a
429	429	structure used by a unified school district or an accredited nonpublic
430	430	school for student instruction or attendance or extracurricular activities of
431	431	pupils enrolled in kindergarten or any of the grades one through 12. This
432	432	definition shall not be construed as requiring that school be in session or
433	433	that classes are actually being held at the time of the offense or that
434	434	children must be present within the structure or on the property during the
435	435	time of any alleged criminal act. If the structure or property meets the
436	436	above definition, the actual use of that structure or property at the time
437	437	alleged shall not be a defense to the crime charged or the sentence
438	438	imposed.
439	439	(s) "Simulated controlled substance" means any product that
440	440	identifies itself by a common name or slang term associated with a
441	441	controlled substance and that indicates on its label or accompanying
442	442	promotional material that the product simulates the effect of a controlled
443	443	substance.
444	444	Sec. 2. K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5703 is hereby amended to read as
445	445	follows: 21-5703. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture
446	446	any controlled substance or controlled substance analog.
447	447	(b) Violation or attempted violation of subsection (a) is a:
448	448	(1) Drug severity level 2 felony, except as provided in subsections (b)
449	449	(2) and (b)(3);
450	450	(2) drug severity level 1 felony if:
451	451	(A) The controlled substance is not methamphetamine, as defined by
452	452	subsection (d)(3) or (f)(1) of K.S.A. 65-4107(d)(3) or (f)(1), and
453	453	amendments thereto, or an analog thereof; and
454	454	(B) the controlled substance is not a fentanyl-related controlled
455	455	substance; and
456	456	(C) the offender has a prior conviction for unlawful manufacturing of
457	457	a controlled substance under this section, K.S.A. 65-4159, prior to its
458	458	repeal, K.S.A. 2010 Supp. 21-36a03, prior to its transfer, or a substantially
459	459	similar offense from another jurisdiction and the substance was not
460	460	methamphetamine, as defined by subsection (d)(3) or (f)(1) of K.S.A. 65-
461	461	4107(d)(3) or (f)(1), and amendments thereto, or an analog thereof, in any
462	462	such prior conviction; and
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506	506	(3) drug severity level 1 felony if the controlled substance is
507	507	methamphetamine, as defined by subsection (d)(3) or (f)(1) of K.S.A. 65-
508	508	4107(d)(3) or (f)(1), and amendments thereto, or an analog thereof, or is a
509	509	fentanyl-related controlled substance.
510	510	(c) The provisions of subsection (d) of K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-
511	511	5301(d), and amendments thereto, shall not apply to a violation of
512	512	attempting to unlawfully manufacture any controlled substance or
513	513	controlled substance analog pursuant to this section.
514	514	(d) For persons arrested and charged under this section, bail shall be
515	515	at least $50,000 cash or surety, and such person shall not be released upon
516	516	the person's own recognizance pursuant to K.S.A. 22-2802, and
517	517	amendments thereto, unless the court determines, on the record, that the
518	518	defendant is not likely to re-offend, the court imposes pretrial supervision,
519	519	or the defendant agrees to participate in a licensed or certified drug
520	520	treatment program.
521	521	(e) The sentence of a person who violates this section shall not be
522	522	subject to statutory provisions for suspended sentence, community service
523	523	work or probation.
524	524	(f) The sentence of a person who violates this section, K.S.A. 65-
525	525	4159, prior to its repeal or K.S.A. 2010 Supp. 21-36a03, prior to its
526	526	transfer, shall not be reduced because these sections prohibit conduct
527	527	identical to that prohibited by K.S.A. 65-4161 or 65-4163, prior to their
528	528	repeal, K.S.A. 2010 Supp. 21-36a05, prior to its transfer, or K.S.A. 2022
529	529	Supp. 21-5705, and amendments thereto.
530	530	Sec. 3. K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-6805 is hereby amended to read as
531	531	follows: 21-6805. (a) The provisions of this section shall be applicable to
532	532	the sentencing guidelines grid for drug crimes. The following sentencing
533	533	guidelines grid for drug crimes shall be applicable to felony crimes under
534	534	K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5701 through 21-5717, and amendments thereto,
535	535	except as otherwise provided by law:
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566	566	1 (b) Sentences expressed in the sentencing guidelines grid for drug
567	567	crimes in subsection (a) represent months of imprisonment.
568	568	(c) (1) The sentencing court has discretion to sentence at any place
569	569	within the sentencing range. In the usual case it is recommended that the
570	570	sentencing judge select the center of the range and reserve the upper and
571	571	lower limits for aggravating and mitigating factors insufficient to warrant a
572	572	departure. The sentencing court shall not distinguish between the
573	573	controlled substances cocaine base (9041L000) and cocaine hydrochloride
574	574	(9041L005) when sentencing within the sentencing range of the grid
575	575	block.
576	576	(2) In presumptive imprisonment cases, the sentencing court shall
577	577	pronounce the complete sentence which shall include the:
578	578	(A) Prison sentence;
579	579	(B) maximum potential reduction to such sentence as a result of good
580	580	time; and
581	581	(C) period of postrelease supervision at the sentencing hearing.
582	582	Failure to pronounce the period of postrelease supervision shall not negate
583	583	the existence of such period of postrelease supervision.
584	584	(3) In presumptive nonprison cases, the sentencing court shall
585	585	pronounce the prison sentence as well as the duration of the nonprison
586	586	sanction at the sentencing hearing.
587	587	(d) Each grid block states the presumptive sentencing range for an
588	588	offender whose crime of conviction and criminal history place such
589	589	offender in that grid block. If an offense is classified in a grid block below
590	590	the dispositional line, the presumptive disposition shall be
591	591	nonimprisonment. If an offense is classified in a grid block above the
592	592	dispositional line, the presumptive disposition shall be imprisonment. If an
593	593	offense is classified in grid blocks 4-E, 4-F, 4-G, 4-H, 4-I, 5-C or 5-D, the
594	594	court may impose an optional nonprison sentence as provided in
595	595	subsection (q) of K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-6804(q), and amendments thereto.
596	596	(e) The sentence for a second or subsequent conviction for unlawful
597	597	manufacturing of a controlled substance, K.S.A. 65-4159, prior to its
598	598	repeal, K.S.A. 2010 Supp. 21-36a03, prior to its transfer, K.S.A. 2022
599	599	Supp. 21-5703, and amendments thereto, or a substantially similar offense
600	600	from another jurisdiction, if the controlled substance in any prior
601	601	conviction was methamphetamine, as defined by subsection (d)(3) or (f)(1)
602	602	of K.S.A. 65-4107(d)(3) or (f)(1), and amendments thereto, or an analog
603	603	thereof, shall be a presumptive term of imprisonment of two times the
604	604	maximum duration of the presumptive term of imprisonment. The court
605	605	may impose an optional reduction in such sentence of not to exceed 50%
606	606	of the mandatory increase provided by this subsection upon making a
607	607	finding on the record that one or more of the mitigating factors as specified
608	608	in K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-6815, and amendments thereto, justify such a
609	609	reduction in sentence. Any decision made by the court regarding the
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656	656	reduction in such sentence shall not be considered a departure and shall
657	657	not be subject to appeal.
658	658	(f) (1) The sentence for a third or subsequent felony conviction of
659	659	K.S.A. 65-4160 or 65-4162, prior to their repeal, K.S.A. 2010 Supp. 21-
660	660	36a06, prior to its transfer, or K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5706, and
661	661	amendments thereto, shall be a presumptive term of imprisonment and the
662	662	defendant shall be sentenced to prison as provided by this section. The
663	663	defendant's term of imprisonment shall be served in the custody of the
664	664	secretary of corrections in a facility designated by the secretary. Subject to
665	665	appropriations therefore, the defendant shall participate in an intensive
666	666	substance abuse treatment program, of at least four months duration,
667	667	selected by the secretary of corrections. If the secretary determines that
668	668	substance abuse treatment resources are otherwise available, such term of
669	669	imprisonment may be served in a facility designated by the secretary of
670	670	corrections in the custody of the secretary of corrections to participate in
671	671	an intensive substance abuse treatment program. The secretary's
672	672	determination regarding the availability of treatment resources shall not be
673	673	subject to review. Upon the successful completion of such intensive
674	674	treatment program, the offender shall be returned to the court and the court
675	675	may modify the sentence by directing that a less severe penalty be
676	676	imposed in lieu of that originally adjudged. If the offender's term of
677	677	imprisonment expires, the offender shall be placed under the applicable
678	678	period of postrelease supervision.
679	679	(2) Such defendant's term of imprisonment shall not be subject to
680	680	modification under paragraph (1) if:
681	681	(A) The defendant has previously completed a certified drug abuse
682	682	treatment program, as provided in K.S.A. 75-52,144, and amendments
683	683	thereto;
684	684	(B) has been discharged or refused to participate in a certified drug
685	685	abuse treatment program, as provided in K.S.A. 75-52,144, and
686	686	amendments thereto;
687	687	(C) has completed an intensive substance abuse treatment program
688	688	under paragraph (1); or
689	689	(D) has been discharged or refused to participate in an intensive
690	690	substance abuse treatment program under paragraph (1).
691	691	The sentence under this subsection shall not be considered a departure
692	692	and shall not be subject to appeal.
693	693	(g) (1) Except as provided further, if the trier of fact makes a finding
694	694	that an offender carried a firearm to commit a drug felony, or in
695	695	furtherance of a drug felony, possessed a firearm, in addition to the
696	696	sentence imposed pursuant to K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-6801 through 21-
697	697	6824, and amendments thereto, the offender shall be sentenced to:
698	698	(A) Except as provided in subsection (g)(1)(B), an additional 6
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742	742	months' imprisonment; and
743	743	(B) if the trier of fact makes a finding that the firearm was
744	744	discharged, an additional 18 months' imprisonment.
745	745	(2) The sentence imposed pursuant to subsection (g)(1) shall be
746	746	presumptive imprisonment. Such sentence shall not be considered a
747	747	departure and shall not be subject to appeal.
748	748	(3) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to violations of
749	749	K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5706 or 21-5713, and amendments thereto.
750	750	(h) The sentence for a violation of K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5703, and
751	751	amendments thereto, with respect to material containing any quantity of a
752	752	fentanyl-related controlled substance shall be presumed imprisonment and
753	753	shall be two times the maximum duration of the presumptive term of
754	754	imprisonment. Such sentence shall not be considered a departure and
755	755	shall not be subject to appeal.
756	756	Sec. 4. K.S.A. 2022 Supp. 21-5701, 21-5701b, 21-5703 and 21-6805
757	757	are hereby repealed.
758	758	Sec. 5. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its
759	759	publication in the statute book.
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