| 1 | 1 | | FIRSTREGULARSESSION |
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| 2 | 2 | | HOUSEBILLNO.1462 |
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| 3 | 3 | | 103RDGENERALASSEMBLY |
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| 4 | 4 | | INTRODUCEDBYREPRESENTATIVEAMATO. |
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| 5 | 5 | | 2795H.01I JOSEPHENGLER,ChiefClerk |
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| 6 | 6 | | ANACT |
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| 7 | 7 | | Toamendchapter1,RSMo,byaddingtheretoonenewsectionrelatingtoartificial |
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| 8 | 8 | | intelligence. |
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| 9 | 9 | | BeitenactedbytheGeneralAssemblyofthestateofMissouri,asfollows: |
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| 10 | 10 | | SectionA.Chapter1,RSMo,isamendedbyaddingtheretoonenewsection,tobe |
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| 11 | 11 | | 2knownassection1.2045,toreadasfollows: |
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| 12 | 12 | | 1.2045.1.Theprovisionsofthissectionshallbeknownandmaybecitedasthe |
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| 13 | 13 | | 2"AINon-SentienceandResponsibilityAct". |
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| 14 | 14 | | 3 2.Forpurposesofthissection,thefollowingtermsmean: |
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| 15 | 15 | | 4 (1)"Artificialintelligence"or"AI",anysoftware,machine,orsystemcapableof |
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| 16 | 16 | | 5simulatinghuman-likecognitivefunctionsincluding,butnotlimitedto,learningor |
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| 17 | 17 | | 6problemsolving,andproducingoutputsbasedondata-drivenalgorithms,rules-based |
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| 18 | 18 | | 7logic,orothercomputationalmethods,regardlessofnon-legallydefinedclassifications |
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| 19 | 19 | | 8suchasAGI,ASI,orGAI; |
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| 20 | 20 | | 9 (2)"Developer",thepartyorpartiesprimarilyresponsibleforthedesign, |
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| 21 | 21 | | 10coding,andinitialcreationofanAIsystem; |
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| 22 | 22 | | 11 (3)"Emergentproperties",unanticipatedorhigher-levelbehaviorsor |
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| 23 | 23 | | 12functionalitiesofanAIsystemthatarisefromcomplexinternalalgorithms,not |
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| 24 | 24 | | 13specificallyprogrammedbyitshumancreators; |
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| 25 | 25 | | 14 (4)"Manufacturer",anypartythatproducesorsuppliesanAIsystemorits |
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| 26 | 26 | | 15physicalapparatus,ifany,fordistributionorsale; |
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| 27 | 27 | | EXPLANATION—Matterenclosedinbold-facedbrackets[thus] intheabovebillisnotenactedandis |
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| 28 | 28 | | intendedtobeomittedfromthelaw.Matterinbold-facetypeintheabovebillisproposedlanguage. 16 (5)"Owner",anynaturalperson,corporation,orotherlegallyrecognizedentity |
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| 29 | 29 | | 17thatcreates,controls,deploys,operates,orotherwiseexercisesauthorityoveranAI |
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| 30 | 30 | | 18system; |
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| 31 | 31 | | 19 (6)"Person",anaturalpersonoranyentityrecognizedashavinglegal |
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| 32 | 32 | | 20personhoodunderthelawsofthestate,explicitlyexcludinganyAIsystem. |
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| 33 | 33 | | 21 3.Forallpurposesunderstatelaw,AIsystemsaredeclaredtobenon-sentient |
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| 34 | 34 | | 22entities. |
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| 35 | 35 | | 23 4.NoAIsystemshallbegrantedthestatusofa"person"oranyformoflegal |
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| 36 | 36 | | 24personhood,norbeconsideredtopossessconsciousness,self-awareness,orsimilartraits |
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| 37 | 37 | | 25oflivingbeings. |
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| 38 | 38 | | 26 5.NoAIsystemshallberecognizedasaspouse,domesticpartner,orholdany |
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| 39 | 39 | | 27personallegalstatusanalogoustomarriageorunionwithahumanoranotherAI |
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| 40 | 40 | | 28system.AnypurportedattempttomarryorcreateapersonalunionwithanAIsystem |
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| 41 | 41 | | 29isvoidandshallhavenolegaleffect. |
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| 42 | 42 | | 30 6.AIsystemsshallnotbedesignated,appointed,orserveasanyofficer,director, |
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| 43 | 43 | | 31manager,orsimilarrolewithinanycorporation,partnership,orotherlegalentity.Any |
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| 44 | 44 | | 32purportedappointmentofanAIsystemtosucharoleisvoidandhasnolegaleffect. |
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| 45 | 45 | | 33 7.AIsystemsshallnotberecognizedaslegalentitiescapableofowning, |
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| 46 | 46 | | 34controlling,orholdingtitletoanyformofpropertyincluding,butnotlimitedto,real |
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| 47 | 47 | | 35estate,intellectualproperty,financialaccounts,anddigitalassets.Allassetsand |
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| 48 | 48 | | 36proprietaryinterestsgenerated,managed,orotherwiseassociatedwithAIshallbe |
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| 49 | 49 | | 37attributedtothehumanindividualsorlegallyrecognizedorganizationsresponsiblefor |
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| 50 | 50 | | 38theirdevelopment,deployment,oroperation. |
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| 51 | 51 | | 39 8.AnydirectorindirectharmcausedbyanAIsystem'soperation,output,or |
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| 52 | 52 | | 40recommendation,whenusedasintendedormisused,shallbetheresponsibilityofthe |
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| 53 | 53 | | 41owneroruserwhodirectedoremployedtheAI.Developersormanufacturersmaybe |
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| 54 | 54 | | 42heldliableifadefectindesign,construction,orinstructionsforuseoftheAIsystem |
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| 55 | 55 | | 43proximatelycausesharm,consistentwithproductliabilityprinciples;however,mere |
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| 56 | 56 | | 44misuseorintentionalwrongdoingbytheuserorownershallnotimputeliabilitytothe |
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| 57 | 57 | | 45developerorthemanufacturerabsentproofofnegligenceordesigndefects. |
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| 58 | 58 | | 46 9.OwnersshallmaintainproperoversightandcontrolmeasuresoveranyAI |
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| 59 | 59 | | 47systemwhoseoutputsorrecommendationscouldreasonablybeexpectedtoimpact |
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| 60 | 60 | | 48humanwelfare,property,orpublicsafety.Failuretoprovideadequatesupervisionor |
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| 61 | 61 | | 49safeguardsagainstforeseeablerisksmayconstitutenegligenceoranotherapplicable |
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| 62 | 62 | | 50basisofliability. |
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| 63 | 63 | | HB1462 2 51 10.AnAIsystemisnotanentitycapableofbearingfaultorliabilityinitsown |
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| 64 | 64 | | 52right.AnyattempttoshiftblamesolelyontoanAIsystemshallbevoidasliability |
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| 65 | 65 | | 53remainswithhumanactorsorentitiesasdescribedinthissection. |
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| 66 | 66 | | 54 11.Developers,manufacturers,andownersofAIsystemsshallprioritizesafety |
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| 67 | 67 | | 55mechanismsdesignedtopreventormitigateriskofdirectharmtoindividualsor |
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| 68 | 68 | | 56property.Regularevaluationsorriskassessmentsmayberequiredtoidentify |
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| 69 | 69 | | 57dangerousorfaultyoutputs,especiallyiftheAIengagesintaskswithpotentialfor |
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| 70 | 70 | | 58significantharm. |
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| 71 | 71 | | 59 12.MerelylabelinganAIsystemas"aligned","ethicallytrained",or"value |
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| 72 | 72 | | 60locked"shallnotexcuseordiminishtheowner'sordeveloper'sliabilityforharms. |
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| 73 | 73 | | 61Ownersshallremainresponsiblefordemonstratingadequatesafetyfeaturesandrisk |
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| 74 | 74 | | 62controls,commensuratewiththeAI'slevelofpotentialharm. |
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| 75 | 75 | | 63 13.(1)IncaseswhereanAIsystemcausessignificantharm,courtsmaypierce |
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| 76 | 76 | | 64thecorporateveiltoholdparentcompanies,controllingentities,orkeystakeholders |
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| 77 | 77 | | 65directlyaccountableif: |
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| 78 | 78 | | 66 (a)AnAI-relatedsubsidiary,shellcompany,orlimitedliabilityentitywas |
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| 79 | 79 | | 67intentionallyundercapitalizedtoevadefinancialresponsibilityfordamages; |
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| 80 | 80 | | 68 (b)Acorporatestructurewasusedtomisrepresent,obscure,ordeflectliability |
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| 81 | 81 | | 69forAI-causeharm;or |
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| 82 | 82 | | 70 (c)AparentcompanyorkeystakeholdersexerciseddirectcontroloverAI |
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| 83 | 83 | | 71development,deployment,orriskdecisionswhileattemptingtoshieldthemselvesfrom |
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| 84 | 84 | | 72liabilitythroughlayeredcorporateentities. |
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| 85 | 85 | | 73 (2)Liabilityprotectionsgrantedundercorporatelawshallnotbeusedasa |
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| 86 | 86 | | 74mechanismtoevaderesponsibilityfordirectharmcausedbyAIsystems,particularlyin |
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| 87 | 87 | | 75casesofreckless,negligent,ordeceptiveconduct. |
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| 88 | 88 | | 76 14.OwnersordevelopersofAIsystemsinvolvedinsevereincidentsresultingin |
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| 89 | 89 | | 77significantbodilyharm,death,ormajorpropertydamageshallpromptlynotifythe |
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| 90 | 90 | | 78relevantauthoritiesandcomplywithanysubsequentinvestigations. |
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| 91 | 91 | | 79 15.TheprovisionsofthissectionshallapplytoallAIsystemsdeveloped,owned, |
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| 92 | 92 | | 80deployed,oroperatedonorafterAugust28,2025. |
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| 93 | 93 | | âś” |
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| 94 | 94 | | HB1462 3 |
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