STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 1192 2025-2026 Regular Sessions IN SENATE January 8, 2025 ___________ Introduced by Sens. ADDABBO, MYRIE, PALUMBO -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Codes AN ACT to amend the criminal procedure law, in relation to establishing an alternative resolution program for service members and veterans accused of certain felonies The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Title I of the criminal procedure law is amended by adding 2 a new article 217 to read as follows: 3 ARTICLE 217 4 JUSTICE FOR OUR VETERANS ACT 5 Section 217.00 Legislative findings and declarations. 6 217.05 Definitions. 7 217.10 Alternative resolution program; court procedures. 8 § 217.00 Legislative findings and declarations. 9 The legislature finds that an increasing number of New York state 10 veterans and service members suffer from serious trauma as a result of 11 their military service, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, traumat- 12 ic brain injury and other mental or physical impairments or illnesses. 13 Studies have found that many are not receiving treatment. The devastat- 14 ing consequences of war are harming the mental and physical health of a 15 growing number of service members, returning veterans and their fami- 16 lies. 17 A national study, Invisible Wounds of War, by RAND Corporation in 2008 18 found one in five veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan reported 19 symptoms of PTSD or major depression. Researchers also found serious 20 treatment gaps with only 53% of veterans with symptoms of mental health 21 conditions seeking help, and of those who sought care, roughly half 22 received minimally adequate treatment. In New York state, A Needs 23 Assessment of New York State Veterans 2011 study by RAND Corporation and 24 the New York State Health Foundation found an estimated 85,000 veterans EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted. LBD02976-01-5
S. 1192 2 1 returning home since 2001 have an unusually high rate of mental health 2 problems. This study found nearly one in four New York state veterans 3 had a probable diagnosis of PTSD and/or major depression. A follow up 4 2011 report by the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, New York's 5 Newest Veterans: Key Findings and Policy Implications of the RAND Corpo- 6 ration's Needs Assessment of New York State Veterans recommended a poli- 7 cy "to successfully execute an alternative sentencing program for veter- 8 ans whose crimes stem from service-related injuries." 9 The individuals who served and sacrificed for our country frequently 10 come home to a new frontline of indifference when suffering from a 11 mental or physical illness or injury. Untreated veterans who then commit 12 a crime are lost in the criminal justice system. There is no statewide 13 mechanism to identify veterans, and many are sentenced by courts unaware 14 of their status, let alone if they have an untreated mental or physical 15 health condition that caused or contributed to their criminal act. The 16 individuals who put their lives on the line for America's freedom 17 deserve any needed support upon returning home. Accordingly, the legis- 18 lature finds that our laws must be strengthened to ensure untreated 19 service members and veterans with mental or physical health ailments, 20 the most vulnerable of our returning warriors, receive treatment and an 21 alternative resolution process in the criminal justice system. The 22 legislature hereby declares that a just and humanitarian criminal 23 justice process is needed to provide veterans with a medical evaluation 24 and any needed treatment for a diagnosed injury or illness which will 25 assist them to successfully re-enter society. In the interests of 26 justice, the legislature further declares that courts need to consider 27 if a veteran's service-related ailment played a role in such veteran's 28 offense, and whether charges should be reduced or dismissed upon the 29 conclusion of the veteran's treatment. 30 § 217.05 Definitions. 31 The following definitions are applicable to this article: 32 1. (a) "Veteran" means a former member of the United States military, 33 including service in the national guard or other reserve components of 34 the armed forces of the United States. 35 (b) "Service member" means a current member of the United States mili- 36 tary, including service in the national guard or other reserve compo- 37 nents of the armed forces of the United States. 38 2. "Military service" means the performance of any duty in the United 39 States military, including service in the national guard or other 40 reserve components of the armed forces of the United States. 41 3. "Eligible service member or veteran" means: 42 (a) a service member or veteran who is accused of one or more 43 offenses, as defined in subdivision one of section 10.00 of the penal 44 law, except for sex offenses defined in articles one hundred thirty, two 45 hundred fifty-five and two hundred sixty-three of the penal law, and 46 offenses defined in sections 125.25 (murder in the second degree), 47 125.26 (aggravated murder), 125.27 (murder in the first degree), 135.25 48 (kidnapping in the first degree), 150.20 (arson in the first degree) and 49 490.25 (crime of terrorism) of the penal law; 50 (b) a service member or veteran who suffers from post-traumatic stress 51 disorder, other mental illness or condition, traumatic brain injury, 52 other physical or mental injury, alcohol or substance abuse or addiction 53 or combination thereof, that was, at least in part, caused by, exacer- 54 bated by or resulted from the service member's or veteran's military 55 service; and
S. 1192 3 1 (c) a service member or veteran whose specified illness, injury or 2 other condition may have played a role in the commission of one or more 3 of the charged offenses. 4 4. "Veteran or service member evaluation" means a written assessment 5 and report by a court-approved entity or licensed health care profes- 6 sional, as articulated and authorized by their specific scope of prac- 7 tice, experienced in the treatment of individuals suffering from post- 8 traumatic stress disorder, other mental illnesses or conditions, 9 traumatic brain injury, other physical or mental injuries, alcohol or 10 substance abuse or addiction, or a combination thereof, or by an entity 11 certified by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs as experi- 12 enced in the treatment of such illnesses, injuries, or conditions, which 13 shall include: 14 (a) an assessment as to whether the defendant is suffering from post- 15 traumatic stress disorder, other mental illnesses or conditions, trau- 16 matic brain injury, other physical or mental injuries, alcohol or 17 substance abuse or addiction or a combination thereof; 18 (b) whether the defendant's post-traumatic stress disorder, other 19 mental illness or condition, traumatic brain injury, other physical or 20 mental injury, alcohol or substance abuse or addiction or a combination 21 thereof was, at least in part, caused by, exacerbated by or resulted 22 from such defendant's military service; 23 (c) an assessment of whether the defendant's illness, injury or other 24 condition, if any, may have played a role in the commission of one or 25 more of the charged offenses; 26 (d) a recommendation as to whether the defendant's illness, injury or 27 other condition, if any, could be effectively addressed by treatment; 28 (e) a recommendation as to whether the defendant's illness, injury or 29 other condition, if any, could be effectively addressed by the alterna- 30 tive resolution program in accordance with this article; and 31 (f) any other information, factor, circumstance, or recommendation 32 deemed relevant by the assessing entity or specifically requested by the 33 court. 34 § 217.10 Alternative resolution program; court procedures. 35 1. Determination of service member or veteran status. Notwithstanding 36 any law to the contrary, at any time after the arraignment of a defend- 37 ant, but prior to the entry of a plea of guilty or the commencement of 38 trial, the defendant claims to be a service member or veteran, as 39 defined in section 217.05 of this article, the court shall order the 40 defendant to provide evidence that the defendant is a service member or 41 veteran. Such evidence may include, but is not limited to, records of 42 the United States Department of Defense, the United States Department of 43 Veterans Affairs or a state or local veterans agency devoted to veter- 44 ans, guard members or other reserve components of the armed forces of 45 the United States. 46 2. The court, upon review of the evidence presented and any testimony 47 offered by the defendant, shall determine by a preponderance of the 48 evidence whether the defendant is a service member or veteran, as 49 defined in section 217.05 of this article. 50 3. Determination of service member or veteran status. (a) If the court 51 determines that the defendant is a service member or veteran, the court 52 shall order an evaluation of the defendant, as defined in subdivision 53 four of section 217.05 of this article, to evaluate whether the defend- 54 ant is an eligible service member or veteran, as defined in subdivision 55 three of section 217.05 of this article. For those service members or 56 veterans whose offense excluded them from entering the alternative
S. 1192 4 1 resolution program, an evaluation shall be conducted as defined in para- 2 graphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (f) of subdivision four of section 217.05 3 of this article. The defendant shall provide a written authorization, in 4 compliance with the requirements of any applicable state or federal 5 laws, rules or regulations authorizing disclosure of the results of the 6 assessment to the defendant's attorney, the prosecutor, the court, 7 authorized court personnel and other individuals specified in such 8 authorization for the purpose of determining whether the defendant is an 9 eligible service member or veteran, or for the purposes of providing an 10 evaluation report as part of any pre-sentence investigation and report 11 pursuant to section 390.30 of this chapter. 12 (b) Upon receipt of the eligible service member or veteran evaluation 13 report, the court shall provide a copy to the defendant and the prosecu- 14 tor. 15 (c) Upon receipt of the eligible service member or veteran evaluation 16 report, the district attorney shall review such report. For all felo- 17 nies, district attorney consent is required, for the eligible service 18 member or veteran to enter the alternative resolution program. 19 (d) The court shall, upon the request of either party or where the 20 evaluation indicates that the defendant may not meet the definition of 21 an eligible service member or veteran as defined in subdivision three of 22 section 217.05 of this article, order a hearing on the issue of whether 23 the defendant is an eligible service member or veteran. If the court 24 orders a hearing, the hearing must be held as soon as practicable so as 25 to facilitate early intervention in the event the defendant is found to 26 be an eligible service member or veteran. At the hearing, the court may 27 consider oral or written arguments, take testimony from witnesses 28 offered by either party, and consider any relevant evidence including, 29 but not limited to, evidence that: 30 (i) the defendant suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, other 31 mental illness or condition, traumatic brain injury, other physical or 32 mental injury, alcohol or substance abuse or addiction or combination 33 thereof; 34 (ii) such illness, injury or other condition was, at least in part, 35 caused by, exacerbated by or resulted from the defendant's military 36 service; and 37 (iii) such illness, injury or other condition may have played a role 38 in the commission of one or more of the charged offenses or offense. 39 (e) The court shall consider and make findings of fact with respect to 40 whether: 41 (i) the defendant suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, other 42 mental illness or condition, traumatic brain injury, other physical or 43 mental injury, alcohol or substance abuse or addiction or combination 44 thereof; 45 (ii) such illness, injury or other condition was, at least in part, 46 caused by, exacerbated by or resulted from the defendant's military 47 service; 48 (iii) such illness, injury or other condition may have played a role 49 in the commission of one or more of the charged offenses or offense; and 50 (iv) if the defendant is charged with one or more class A, B, or C 51 felonies, a determination if institutional confinement of the defendant 52 is necessary for the protection of the public. 53 4. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, when the court determines, 54 pursuant to paragraph (e) of subdivision three of this section, that by 55 a preponderance of the evidence the defendant is an eligible service 56 member or veteran, and if the defendant is charged with a class A, B or
S. 1192 5 1 C felony, and the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that 2 institutional confinement is not necessary for the protection of the 3 public, and if the defendant is charged with a felony and the district 4 attorney consents, or when the parties and the court agree to a finding 5 that the defendant is an eligible service member or veteran, the court 6 must: 7 (a) if the defendant is charged with one or more offenses, none of 8 which is a class A, B, or C felony, allow the defendant to participate 9 in the alternative resolution program offered by this article, which is 10 designed to treat the eligible service member's or veteran's post-trau- 11 matic stress disorder, other mental illness or condition, traumatic 12 brain injury, other physical injury, alcohol or substance abuse or 13 addiction, or combination thereof, without a plea of guilty; or 14 (b) if the defendant is charged with one or more class A, B, or C 15 felony offenses, allow the defendant to participate in the alternative 16 resolution program offered by this article, which is designed to treat 17 the eligible service member's or veteran's post-traumatic stress disor- 18 der, other mental illness or condition, traumatic brain injury, other 19 physical injury, alcohol or substance abuse or addiction, or combination 20 thereof conditioned on the defendant: 21 (i) entering a plea of guilty to the charge or charges; or 22 (ii) entering a plea of guilty to a lesser charge as may be agreed by 23 the parties. 24 5. Alternative resolution program; treatment plan. (a) The court shall 25 issue an order granting participation in the alternative resolution 26 program that sets forth: (i) the terms, conditions, and length of the 27 eligible service member's or veteran's treatment plan; (ii) the final 28 disposition of the proceeding as set forth in subdivision six of this 29 section; and (iii) the disposition of the proceeding if the defendant 30 fails to satisfy the terms and conditions of the treatment plan. As 31 part of such plan, the court may transfer the case to an existing veter- 32 an or other treatment court in the county of jurisdiction or adjoining 33 county. 34 (b) Terms and conditions. In determining the terms and conditions of 35 the treatment plan, the court shall consider the recommendations in the 36 eligible service member or veteran evaluation report and the recommenda- 37 tions of the defendant's health care providers, if any. The treatment 38 plan may require the defendant, with the assistance of treatment provid- 39 ers, to develop a plan for ongoing recovery after disposition of the 40 criminal case. 41 (c) Length of treatment plan. (i) Where the defendant is charged with 42 one or more offenses, none of which is a class A, B, or C felony, the 43 treatment plan may not extend beyond twelve months. However, upon a 44 showing that additional treatment is needed, and the consent of the 45 defendant, the court may extend a treatment plan for up to twelve addi- 46 tional months. 47 (ii) Where the defendant is charged with one or more class A, B, or C 48 felony offenses, the treatment plan may not extend beyond eighteen 49 months. However, upon a showing that additional treatment is needed, 50 and the consent of the defendant, the court may extend a treatment plan 51 for up to twelve additional months. 52 (d) The defendant shall agree on the record or in writing to abide by 53 the terms and conditions of the treatment plan ordered pursuant to para- 54 graph (a) of this subdivision. 55 6. Final disposition. (a) Dismissal. Notwithstanding any law to the 56 contrary, if the defendant is allowed to participate in the program
S. 1192 6 1 pursuant to paragraph (a) of subdivision four of this section, upon the 2 defendant's agreement to abide by the terms and conditions of the treat- 3 ment plan, and successful completion thereof, the court shall dismiss 4 the accusatory instrument, except for felonies involving intimate part- 5 ner violence or domestic violence, which final disposition may include, 6 but is not limited to: (i) a sentence of probation supervision; or (ii) 7 requiring the defendant to undergo a period of interim probation super- 8 vision and, upon the defendant's successful completion of the interim 9 probation supervision term, notwithstanding the provision of any other 10 law, permitting the defendant to withdraw such defendant's guilty plea 11 and dismissing the indictment; or (iii) requiring the defendant to 12 undergo a period of interim probation supervision and, upon successful 13 completion of the interim probation supervision term, notwithstanding 14 the provision of any other law, permitting the defendant to withdraw 15 such defendant's guilty plea, enter a guilty plea to a misdemeanor 16 offense and sentencing the defendant in accordance with the treatment 17 plan order, which may include a period of probation supervision pursuant 18 to section 65.00 of the penal law; or (iv) allowing the defendant to 19 withdraw such defendant's guilty plea and dismissing the indictment. It 20 is not intended that criminal contempt charges for violations of orders 21 of protection not alleging violence, be included. 22 Upon dismissal of the accusatory instrument, the court shall enter an 23 order directing that the record of such action or proceeding be sealed 24 and directing the clerk of the court wherein such criminal action or 25 proceeding was terminated to immediately notify the commissioner of the 26 division of criminal justice services and the heads of all appropriate 27 police departments and other law enforcement agencies that the action 28 has been terminated and that the record of such action or proceeding 29 shall be sealed. Upon receipt of such notification, the agency, divi- 30 sion, or department shall comply with the provisions of subdivision one 31 of section 160.50 of this chapter. 32 (b) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, if the defendant is 33 allowed to participate in the program pursuant to subparagraph (i) or 34 (ii) of paragraph (b) of subdivision four of this section, upon the 35 defendant's agreement to abide by the terms and conditions of the treat- 36 ment plan, and successful completion thereof, the court shall, if the 37 defendant has pled to a class A, B, or C felony, permit the defendant to 38 withdraw that plea and substitute a plea to a class D felony or lower 39 offense. Upon entry of the substituted plea, the final disposition may 40 include, but is not limited to: (i) a sentence of probation super- 41 vision; or (ii) requiring the defendant to undergo a period of interim 42 probation supervision and, upon the defendant's successful completion of 43 the interim probation supervision term, notwithstanding the provision of 44 any other law, permitting the defendant to withdraw such defendant's 45 guilty plea and dismissing the indictment; or (iii) requiring the 46 defendant to undergo a period of interim probation supervision and, upon 47 successful completion of the interim probation supervision term, 48 notwithstanding the provision of any other law, permitting the defendant 49 to withdraw such defendant's guilty plea, enter a guilty plea to a 50 misdemeanor offense and sentencing the defendant in accordance with the 51 treatment plan order, which may include a period of probation super- 52 vision pursuant to section 65.00 of the penal law; or (iv) allowing the 53 defendant to withdraw such defendant's guilty plea and dismissing the 54 indictment. 55 § 2. Subdivision 2 of section 390.30 of the criminal procedure law is 56 amended to read as follows:
S. 1192 7 1 2. Physical and mental examinations. Whenever information is available 2 with respect to the defendant's physical and mental condition, the pre- 3 sentence investigation must include the gathering of such information, 4 including any evaluation report pursuant to subdivision four of section 5 217.05 of this chapter. In the case of a felony or a class A misdemea- 6 nor, or in any case where a person under the age of twenty-one is 7 convicted of a crime, the court may order that the defendant undergo a 8 thorough physical or mental examination in a designated facility and may 9 further order that the defendant remain in such facility for such 10 purpose for a period not exceeding thirty days. 11 § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.