Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'Texas Code of Criminal Procedure'
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Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs May 6th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And because of this code right here, it has created significant challenges.
- ...Director for the Texas Affiliation of Affordable Housing
- Is it the code enforcement part of the city that you think
- ...of the Texas Affiliation of Affordable Housing Providers
- of Texas, mostly utilizing the 4% housing tax credit program.
Keywords:
homelessness, housing services, Texas Department of Housing, municipal programs, community development, homelessness, housing programs, Texas Department of Housing, municipal administration, community initiatives, homelessness, housing program, local governments, community services, Texas Department of Housing, low income housing, tax credits, education criteria, affordable housing, housing development
Summary:
The meeting of the committee featured several active discussions regarding various bills, with notable emphasis on matters of affordable housing and local governance. House Bill 3753 was a focal point, aimed at addressing the allocation of low-income housing credits, which raised concerns among members over its implications for local communities. Representative Cunningham provided compelling arguments for the bill, emphasizing its potential benefits for teachers and residents struggling with housing issues, triggering a dialogue on transparency and accountability in housing decisions. Additionally, the committee reviewed House Bill 293, which proposed uniformity in transparency requirements across different housing tax credit programs, underscoring the complexity of legislative processes in housing development.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- the state of Texas.
- The Chair calls Andrew Hendrickson with the ACLU of Texas.
- The Chair calls Andrew Hendrickson with the ACLU of Texas.
- ACLU of Texas, and you're here to testify against the bill?
- the League of Women Voters of Texas, I am in opposition to House Bill 817.
Keywords:
education reform, budget allocation, teacher retention, student performance, accountability measures, election law, volunteer deputy registrar, renewal application, appointment, training requirements, elections, registrar, volunteer, renewal, training, appointment, election supplies, ballots, criminal offenses, election conduct
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused primarily on various election-related bills, with significant discussions revolving around HB1783, HB1090, and HB1478. Notably, HB1783 faced opposition from representatives of the Texas Civil Rights Project, who argued that the bill would impose undue restrictions on local governments regarding ballot proposition language, potentially hindering timely responses in elections. Another contentious bill, HB1090, proposed prohibitions on certain individuals serving as volunteer deputy registrars, which drew criticism for its implications on accessibility and fairness in the electoral process. Public testimony included voices both in favor and against these bills, highlighting the ongoing debates over election integrity and administrative efficiency.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency Apr 30th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- These agencies are the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the Texas Lottery Commission, and the Texas
- Texas, and the Trinity River Authority of Texas will move from 2025 to 2027.
- people of the state of Texas.
- It's Texas, so it's there, it's just not sort of on...
- millions of dollars are going outside the state of Texas.
Keywords:
government review, Texas Sunset Act, regulatory oversight, agencies, sunset provisions, autonomous vehicles, regulation, safety, criminal offense, Autonomous Vehicle Commission, autonomous vehicles, registration, Autonomous Vehicle Commission, regulations, Level 4 automation, Level 5 automation, autonomous vehicles, self-driving technology, regulations, traffic laws
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on discussing several bills pertinent to public safety and regulatory standards for emerging technologies, specifically autonomous vehicles and charter school oversight. Notable discussions surrounded HB3837, which aims to establish a comprehensive regulatory framework for autonomous vehicles in Texas. Vice Chair Bajani highlighted the rapid advancements in the autonomous vehicle industry and the necessity for updated regulations that ensure safety while promoting innovation. Additionally, SB2425 was examined for its proposals to enhance public safety while balancing industry interests, garnering support from various stakeholders, including representatives from the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association. There was considerable concern regarding previous incidents involving autonomous vehicles and their implications for public trust and safety standards.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- the great state of Texas.
- chiefs of police and senior police management personnel throughout the state of Texas.
- We sleep well at night under the big skies of Texas because of all of you and the men and women who serve
- The Texas chapter of APWA consists of over 2,100 members across the state of Texas with nine branches
- Thousands of public works across Texas provide services essential to the well-being of the Texas population
Keywords:
American Public Works Association, public works, infrastructure, Texas, recognition day, local government, municipalities, public works, infrastructure, APWA, Texas Chapter, community development, engineering, professional recognition, community impact, Texas Society of Professional Engineers, Lubbock leadership, engineering, recognition, community impact
Summary:
Additionally, the committee recognized police chiefs from various districts for their dedication to public safety, highlighting their essential role in the community. Senators expressed their gratitude towards law enforcement and emphasized the collaborative efforts needed to enhance community relations. The meeting was marked by a spirit of recognition and celebration, fostering a sense of unity among the members present.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Mar 17th, 2025 at 10:00 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- the Penal Code, and now we're adding that offense to the Criminal Code Procedure.
- the Code of Criminal Procedure.
- And it's just simply to add this to the Criminal Code of
- National Alliance on Mental Illness of Texas.
- Greg Hansch, Executive Director of NAMI Texas, and I am in support of the bill.
Keywords:
financial crime, card fraud, motor fuel theft, law enforcement, criminal activity, skimmers, prevention, training, credit card fraud, debit card fraud, prosecution, illegal possession, state law, transportation protection agreement, funeral services, insurance exemption, regulation, deceased transportation, mental health, substance use disorders
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Pensions, Investments, and Financial Services convened to discuss various bills aimed at enhancing financial governance and protections in Texas. Notably, Representative Perez laid out House Bill 201, which proposes expanding the scope of the Financial Crimes Intelligence Center to combat organized financial crimes, such as motor fuel theft. This bill garnered significant support from witnesses, including Captain Jeff Headley from the Financial Crimes Intelligence Center, who highlighted the urgent need for legislative measures to address increasing thefts that impact both consumers and state revenue. Subsequently, testimony from several members elucidated the impact of these crimes, emphasizing their detrimental effects on Texas' economic stability. The committee members expressed their interest in the advancements in tackling such issues through the proposed legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It will still be our electors we choose, speaking for the people of Texas, and I yield. Thank you.
- as well as the Texas Pediatric Society in support of Senate Bill 666, which… We, the people of Texas through our representatives
Keywords:
municipal libraries, state funding, gender identity, public events, children's literature, presidential electors, election process, voting, Texas Election Code, legislation, federal directives, state rights, constitutional authority, legislative power, enforcement prohibition, Tenth Amendment, attorney general, legal defense, district attorney, county attorney
Summary:
The Senate Committee on State Affairs convened to discuss several legislative measures, notably focusing on youth protection regarding the sale of nitrous oxide and regulations pertaining to 'Drag Queen Story Hours' in public libraries. SB666 aims to prevent the sale of nitrous oxide to individuals under 21, highlighting its health risks, particularly on developing brains. Public health advocates supported the bill, emphasizing the necessity for age restrictions and mandatory state registrations for retailers. The testimony underscored significant concern about the accessibility of nitrous oxide for minors and the urgent need for regulation to mitigate associated health risks.
Additionally, SB18 addressed issues related to drag queen performances in libraries, aiming to restrict public funding for libraries that host such events. This proposal stemmed from safety concerns following reports of inappropriate participants being involved in children's activities. The committee displayed a collaborative spirit, with bipartisan support for the bills aimed at safeguarding children from potentially harmful influences. The meeting concluded with plans for public testimony in the next session, indicating ongoing engagement with community perspectives.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Testifying on behalf of the Texas Podiatric Medical Association and SELF.
- What we're asking is for the citizens of Texas.
- of podiatry under the state of Texas.
- of the urban areas in Texas.
- the Texas Council of Community Centers in a neutral capacity.
Keywords:
dentistry, botulinum toxin, aesthetic treatments, dental regulation, training, medical staff privileges, hospital administration, healthcare regulation, Texas Health and Safety Code, consistency in privileges, physician health, regulation, surcharges, occupational licensing, national practitioner data bank, healthcare, training, abuse, neglect, penalties
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on discussions surrounding mental health and homelessness, particularly through the lens of SB2487, which aims to provide better mental health services and support systems for individuals in crisis. Testimonies highlighted the shortcomings of current interventions, which often lead to incarceration rather than treatment, and emphasized the need for a centralized hub to assist people experiencing mental health crises. Various stakeholders, including city officials and social service representatives, voiced their support for the bill, citing its potential to improve access to care and reduce the burden on emergency services, such as jails and hospitals. However, concerns were raised regarding the implementation and the potential for coercion in treatment options, suggesting that the bill could undermine established rights to voluntary mental health care.
The committee also addressed SB437, which pertains to modernizing training for substance use disorder providers in Texas, and SB660, regarding safety measures for emergency rooms. The overall tone of the meeting reflected a commitment to reforming how the state handles mental health crises and the intersection of homelessness, with a clear push for systems that prioritize compassionate care rather than punitive measures.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- beverage, and UPC codes of items sold to retailers.
- Well, how many cities do you have in this subset of the entire state of Texas?
- From January of 2021 to December of 2024, Texas experienced a 20.5% increase in the prices of goods and
- So I represent Corpus Christi, Texas. We are an economic driver for the state of Texas.
- HB 3684 seeks to amend Sections 170 and 171.1011 of the Texas Tax Code to exclude certain securities
Bills:
HB511, HB972, HB1035, HB2481, HB2723, HB2742, HB2894, HB2962, HB3077, HB3093, HB3307, HB3684, HJR67, HJR72
Keywords:
ad valorem taxation, caregiver exemption, Medicaid, long-term services, tax relief, assisted living, housing support, property tax exemption, caregiver support, Medicaid, residence homestead, tax relief, long-term services, tax exemption, unpaid caregiver, long-term services, Medicaid, residence homestead, state tax code, tax exemption
Summary:
The meeting of the committee explored various bills with significant discussions centered around House Bills like HB8, HB2723, and HB3093. Members expressed concerns about the financial implications of property tax assessments and the impact of unjust appraisals on local government budgets. Representative Cunningham highlighted the urgency of addressing the discrepancies in property tax laws as they relate to non-profit cemeteries, pointing out historical injustices that have led to the loss of community burial sites. Meanwhile, the discussions on HB3093 revolved around ensuring fair taxation practices to reduce financial uncertainties for local governments, emphasizing the need for realistic revenue calculations in budget projections. The committee actively invited public testimonies, illustrating the widespread interest and implications of these legislative efforts.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Mar 24th, 2025 at 10:03 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- As of right now, El Paso has the highest amount of certificate of obligation debt in the State of Texas
- Hospitals of Texas.
- In Texas, the definition of closing currently requires full payment of the bond.
- I'm a police officer for the city of Colleyville, Texas.
- We show you as John Litzler on behalf of the Baptist General Convention of Texas.
Keywords:
local governments, anticipation notes, certificates of obligation, public works, flood control, local governments, anticipation notes, certificates of obligation, public works, flood control, financial management, local government, anticipation notes, certificates of obligation, municipal financing, public works, private activity bonds, closing definition, real estate finance, bond issuance
Summary:
The meeting of the committee involved discussions surrounding multiple bills focusing on financial legislation, including crucial developments related to certificates of obligation (COs). Representative Tepper presented HB1453, which aimed to increase voter input regarding local government debt issuance and address growing concerns about financial accountability. The discussions highlighted the recent trends in CO debt, particularly in areas like El Paso, which has seen a dramatic rise in local government debt without direct voter approval. Several members voiced their support and concerns regarding the bill's implications for taxpayer rights and community involvement in financial decision-making.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Mar 19th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Article 19A.104 in the Code of Criminal Procedure already protects grand juries' personal information
- I'm Steve Bresnan here on behalf of Texas.
- 9 of the Penal Code, you are immune from damages.
- In the Greenspoint area of Houston, Texas, it is one of the worst places in Texas as far as crime.
- the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Keywords:
civil liability, self-defense, force, deadly force, legal immunity, attorney's fees, criminal justice, firearms, liability, veterans, gun ownership, immunity, firearm hold agreement, civil liability, sexual abuse, nondisclosure, confidentiality, public policy, Trey's Law, parental rights
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on various legislative proposals, with significant discussions surrounding bills aimed at enhancing legal protections for citizens and jury privacy. Notably, House Bill 1110, presented by Chairman Shaheen, addresses safeguards for citizens reporting suspicious activities, ensuring they are protected from legal repercussions when acting in good faith. There was unanimous support for HB 349, which relates to civil liabilities associated with removing individuals from vehicles, illustrating the committee's commitment to providing social protections amid rising concerns around public safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources May 7th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="409" data-time="2448"> ...is at the front of
Keywords:
election, utility district, bonds, director eligibility, special utility district, customer complaints, Public Utility Commission, water service, complaint process, utility regulation, water discharge, general permit, environmental regulation, waste management, Texas Water Code, executive authority, telecommunication, board meetings, Gulf Coast Authority, conference call
Summary:
The committee meeting engaged in a robust discussion regarding several key bills aimed at improving community services and infrastructure. Notably, the discussion surrounding SB4 highlighted concerns about funding allocations which were addressed by various members during the session. Public testimony was also a significant element of the meeting, particularly in relation to HB2214, where residents expressed their views on the proposed changes to community resources. The meeting concluded with a general consensus to forward the discussed bills to the next stage in the legislative process, reflecting a productive day of debate and collaboration.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
And you are with the Texas Academy of General Dentistry
- I'm representing myself, the Texas Academy of General Dentistry
- of the leap in cosmetic procedures and want to speak from a
- providers due to the frequent rise in the number of aesthetic procedures being performed, mostly outside
- Academy of General Dentistry and the Texas Dental Association.
Keywords:
dentistry, botulinum toxin, aesthetic treatments, dental regulation, training, medical staff privileges, hospital administration, healthcare regulation, Texas Health and Safety Code, consistency in privileges, physician health, regulation, surcharges, occupational licensing, national practitioner data bank, healthcare, training, abuse, neglect, penalties
Summary:
During this meeting of the Committee on Public Health, members discussed several significant bills focused on expanding the scope of practice for dental professionals, specifically regarding the administration of neuromodulators such as Botox for aesthetic purposes. Senator Van Dever presented SB1117, which would allow licensed dentists to administer these treatments following proper training, a point that sparked a lively debate among committee members. While proponents emphasized the benefits of improving patient access to regulated aesthetic care, opponents raised concerns about the potential for dentists to prioritize cosmetic procedures over essential dental care, fearing that the marketplace could prioritize profit over patient safety. The bill enjoyed bipartisan support, having passed the Senate unanimously but faced scrutiny regarding the implications of allowing such expansion beyond traditional dental practices.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Culture, Recreation & Tourism Apr 8th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Culture, Recreation & Tourism Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- So that's 40 years of leadership in our county and in the state of Texas.
- Dallas Collins here in the great state of Texas.
- Texas Country Music Hall of Fame.
- Reeves, the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame includes an elite roster of other Texas-born artists.
- Almanac as the official state book of Texas.
Bills:
HB1397, HB1886, HB3088, HB4187, HB4229, HB4230, HB5032, HCR6, HCR34, HCR50, HCR55, HCR58, HCR70, HCR71, HCR72, HCR74, HCR75, HCR80, HCR86, HCR93, HCR100, HCR107, HCR116, HCR117
Keywords:
Texas Constitution, Declaration of Independence, victory or death letter, display, historic preservation, lifeguard requirements, public beaches, municipalities, county regulations, exemptions, Parks and Wildlife, procurement, goods and services, revenue generation, Texas legislature, historical preservation, Texas Historical Commission, fees, nonprofit organizations, fundraising
Summary:
The meeting of the committee facilitated in-depth discussions on several key bills, including HB3887, HB3129, and HCR resolutions such as HCR34 and HCR116. Notably, HB3887 related to contractor requirements within the Parks and Wildlife Department, which was reported favorably to the full House without amendments. There was strong consensus among committee members with unanimous votes, indicating well-supported proposals. Other resolutions touched on designating Newton County as the forest capital of Texas and recognizing the Texas Almanac as the official state book, reflecting an agenda focused on cultural and environmental legacies.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Koch for appointment to the advisory committee to the Texas Board of Criminal Justice on offenders with
- Make the prosperity of Texas and all Texans the object of our pride.
- Koch for appointment to the Advisory Committee to the Texas Board of Criminal Justice on offenders with
- It's the very backbone of the Texas miracle, and it's where Texas began.
- It's University of North Texas Day at the Capitol.
Bills:
SB26, SJR36, SB26, SB616, SB565, SB384, SB28, SR109, SR122, SR126, SR130, SR136, SR137, SR141, SR142, SCR20
Keywords:
teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, aquifer, water management, Edwards Aquifer, sustainability, regulatory framework, hunting license, fishing license, donation, operation game thief fund, wildlife conservation
Summary:
The meeting was marked by significant resolutions recognizing various contributions to Texas and celebrating community initiatives. Key discussions included the adoption of resolutions commemorating Texas Hispanic Judges Day and highlighting the 100th anniversary of Memorial Park. Senators expressed appreciation for the judges' dedication and legacy, with notable mentions of individual judges and their impact on the community and legal landscape in Texas. The Senate also honored students and organizations contributing positively to their communities, showcasing the interconnectedness of public service and the legislative process.
TX
Keywords:
junior college funding, performance tier, credentials, education, workforce development, Texas education law, performance tier funding, junior college, credentials, Texas education, student success, junior college, performance funding, education policy, credentials, state finance program, public junior colleges, performance funding, educational outcomes, credentials
Summary:
In this committee meeting, significant attention was dedicated to the discussions surrounding HB8, which reflects a noteworthy increase in funding largely attributed to transfers. The members engaged in a robust dialogue about the implications of this funding increase and its potential to improve services. Key points were raised regarding the effectiveness of previous allocations, with suggestions made for the future use of finances in education-related initiatives. The meeting showcased a collaborative spirit among members, striving to ensure the best outcomes for the public sector.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 25th, 2025 at 02:03 pm
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It amends Article 55 Alpha .005 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to allow individuals who receive deferred
- even outside of Texas?
- toward the expansion of using extraneous offenses and building it into the code of criminal procedure
- of Criminal Procedure.
- of criminal procedure.
Bills:
HB207, HB235, HB324, HB449, HB463, HB502, HB1121, HB1445, HB1465, HB1778, HB1977, HB2000, HB2066, HB2596
Keywords:
child protection, sexual offenses, obscenity laws, visual material, anatomically correct dolls, mannequins, robots, criminal offenses, sexually explicit material, anatomically correct dolls, minors, artificial intelligence, sexually explicit, child protection, visual material, artificial intelligence, doll, mannequin, robot, law enforcement
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on a range of bills addressing important topics such as artificial intelligence and sexual exploitation laws. Notably, House Bill 235, which aims to add civil and criminal liability for the use of AI-generated deepfake materials, garnered discussion from multiple members and witnesses, including Adrian Shelley from Public Citizen who expressed support for the bill. Concerns about ensuring the legislation's clarity and enforcement were raised. Additionally, House Bill 207 was presented, which seeks to expand definitions within sexual offense laws to include representations involving anatomically correct dolls, eliciting varied perspectives from representatives during the debate.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 25th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
The Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence will come to order, and the
First of all, we want to welcome everyone who's here today
- We are convening, of course, this morning at 10:30. We also have a session beginning.
- So we will resume our hearing as soon as possible after we leave the floor, according to the terms of
- A couple of other things, members: we've got a bill that... Oh, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. What bill?
Bills:
HB207, HB235, HB324, HB449, HB463, HB502, HB1121, HB1445, HB1465, HB1778, HB1977, HB2000, HB2066, HB2596
Keywords:
child protection, sexual offenses, obscenity laws, visual material, anatomically correct dolls, mannequins, robots, criminal offenses, sexually explicit material, anatomically correct dolls, minors, artificial intelligence, sexually explicit, child protection, visual material, artificial intelligence, doll, mannequin, robot, law enforcement
Summary:
In this meeting of the Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence, the members convened to discuss various legislative matters, primarily focusing on House Bill 305, introduced by Representative Hayes. There was a call for all members to be present for the vote on this bill, which indicates its importance within the agenda. The chair also announced the formation of a subcommittee tasked with evaluating new offenses and changes in penalties, emphasizing the need to ensure that new laws do not conflict with existing legislation. This initiative reflects the committee's commitment to maintaining legal consistency and appropriateness in penalty assignment for offenses.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management Mar 13th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Under Chapter 54 of the Water Code, it is required to notify the Commissioner's Court of a county where
- I'm the mayor of Fate, Texas, and we do support this bill, but we also have a recommendation.
- the criminal components that we're facing now in our counties about the creation of the MUD.
- I'm the Executive Director of the Association of Water Board Directors, Texas, and I'm here to tell you
- As you know, law enforcement and fire protection, Chapter 26 of the Texas Water Code, requires.
Keywords:
third-party review, property development, local government, permits, construction inspection, regulatory authority, land development, liability, occupancy certificate, municipal utility district, petition, county clerk, water code, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, traffic impact studies, municipal utility district, bonds, road projects, eminent domain, extraterritorial jurisdiction
Summary:
The meeting was convened by Chairman Gates, focusing primarily on discussions of several key bills including HB363, HB954, and others pertaining to municipal utility districts (MUDs). Notably, a public testimony highlighted the need for comprehensive reform in the MUD process, emphasizing the importance of pre-petition notices to counties to ensure transparency and effective community involvement. The committee members engaged in a dialogue about the necessity of legislative measures to improve notification processes, public safety, and county jurisdiction in these developments. Representative Bell presented HB363, detailing the need for timely notifications to affected parties, which was heavily supported during the discussions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources May 14th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- that has been in place since 1974 in the state of Texas.
- what we're doing already in the state of Texas.
- I'm the Vice President of Government Affairs for the Texas chapter of the American Society of Landscape
- Of course, we've never actually used that program internally in the state of Texas.
- the Texas Water Code.
Keywords:
water filtration, public drinking water, health and safety, well maintenance, water quality, Edwards Aquifer, water conservation, reclaimed water, aquifer storage, environmental protection, public utility agency, dissolution, local government, regulatory framework, municipal authority, Hays Trinity, groundwater conservation, well metering, production fee, agricultural use
Summary:
The Committee on Natural Resources convened to discuss several key bills addressing water management in Texas. Notable among these was SB2660, which aims to equip groundwater districts with improved management tools to handle the growing population's water needs. Support for the bill was voiced by constituents including the Hayes Trinity Groundwater Conservation District, emphasizing the necessity for proper resources to manage the aquifer sustainably. Additionally, discussions around SB1965 and SB1624 focused on enhancing the regulations surrounding water conservation and backflow prevention. There was notable public testimony both for and against these bills, highlighting the concern for public health and safety as well as the vested interests of landowners and water operators in the region.